Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC/TOF-MS) has been used in group-type chemical compositional analyses of gas turbine fuel as this state-of-the-art technique enables a detailed output of fuel constituents. However, it is an unreasonable expectation for one set of operational parameters to yield optimal separation for every fuel type. The aim of this study was to optimize the operational parameters for conventional jet fuel (Jet A) and the alternative fuel Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) to achieve the most efficient separation. Response surface methodology was utilized in design of experiments. The parameters investigated were as follows: modulation time (3.5–7.5s), oven temperature ramp (1–8°C/min), secondary oven temperature offset (15–40°C), and carrier gas flow rate (1.0–1.5 mL/min). The optimum parameters for Jet A and its mixture with HEFA were discovered.

Three different zeolitic materials derived from coal combustion by-products (CCBs) were used to treat local coal ash landfill leachate at the same power plant. The zeolitc materials properties were characterized in terms of mineralogical composition (XRD), chemical composition (XRF), total carbon content, morphological analysis (SEM), specific surface area (BET method), cation exchange capacity (CEC), loss of ignition, pH, conductivity and bulk density. XRD indicated that sodalite zeolite was formed in all the samples after hydrothermal activation of CCBs. One zeolitic product from baghouse fly ash (ZFB) presented the lowest SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, highest CEC and specific surface area, thus having a high capacity in removal of heavy metal pollutants. The zeolitic products were efficient to reduce arsenic concentration to a value below the legislation. All zeolitic materials also showed a significant removal of Ni, Cd, Zn and Co except of Cr at a dose of 10 g L-1. Thus, this work provides a sustainable strategy to resolution of solid waste from power plants.

Dyeing and finishing processes for the textiles are practiced by human beings since ancient time. However, in recent years a lot of attention has put in these processes because of the awareness of sustainability and eco-friendly textiles and garments. Textile processes use many toxic dyes and chemicals. This waste water is discharged into fields, ponds or rivers without or improper effluent treatment. As a result, the workers and people coming in contact with discharge water suffer from various skin diseases and respiratory problems. The people are becoming more and more health conscious and demands for producing textile products through environment friendly and sustainable dyes and dyeing processes. Many carcinogenic and allergic synthetic dyes are banned now. Many dyes, though not banned yet, may not be completely safe. Most synthetic dyes are not biodegradable; they accumulate on lands and in river causing ecological problems. Dyes from natural resources such as vegetables, animals and minerals were popular before the invention of synthetic dyes. The efforts have been made to substitute harmful synthetic dyes with natural counterpart. However, natural dyes should be selected with caution – some are neither eco-friendly nor good performer. The present paper discusses the environmental impacts of conventional synthetic dyes and existing laws in this regard. The environmental benefits and possibility of revival of natural dyes have been discussed.

Glauconite and kaolin was used as adsorbent materials for iron ion removal from synthetic solutions. Different concentrations of iron solution have been prepared 10, 20 and 30 mg/L. Different doses of glauconite and kaolin were added 0.1, 0.55 and 1.0 g. Statistical design was used to determine the optimum conditions of iron adsorption on glauconite and kaolin. It is shown that glauconite has high adsorption for iron reaching up to 95% while kaolin exhibit lower adsorption for iron. Physical and chemical characterization of glauconite and kaolin was done and these data were correlated with the removal efficiency. Higher surface area of glauconite 19.8 m2/g compared to kaolin 5.4 m2/g lead to higher removal efficiency.