The aim of this study is to implement a comparative application by means of methods Market Value - Book Value, Tobin’s Q Value of Calculated Intangible Value and Economic Value Added for measuring intellectual capital financially at company level. In this context, intellectual capital values of the Vakif Investment Partnership which has been discussed in the study and operating in Stock Exchange Istanbul gauged according to four methods measuring at company level intellectual capital for the years 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. As a result, the intellectual capital values measured by four different methods for five years of the company were examined by comparing according to the methods discussed in the study.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness tests and methods to be performed according to the Turkish Accounting Standard (TAS) 39 in the hedge accounting. The standard requires hedge to be effective in order to be able to apply the hedge accounting. Hedge effectiveness must be evaluated at the inception of hedge and then monitored at every three months (interim) or at least each balance-sheet date. TAS 39 requires two separate tests; a prospective test and a retrospective test but doesn’t provide specific guidance about how effectiveness tests are performed. In practice, “Critical Terms”, “Dollar-Offset”, “Regression Analysis” or “Volatility Risk Reduction” methods are used assessing hedge effectiveness. In the application part of the study, a bank’s credits provided and forward transactions are tested for effectiveness under hedge accounting employing “Dollar Offset” method.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness tests and methods to be performed according to the Turkish Accounting Standard (TAS) 39 in the hedge accounting. The standard requires hedge to be effective in order to be able to apply the hedge accounting. Hedge effectiveness must be evaluated at the inception of hedge and then monitored at every three months (interim) or at least each balance-sheet date. TAS 39 requires two separate tests; a prospective test and a retrospective test but doesn’t provide specific guidance about how effectiveness tests are performed. In practice, “Critical Terms”, “Dollar-Offset”, “Regression Analysis” or “Volatility Risk Reduction” methods are used assessing hedge effectiveness. In the application part of the study, a bank’s credits provided and forward transactions are tested for effectiveness under hedge accounting employing “Dollar Offset” method.

The profession of chartered accountancy is gaining more and more importance with its various fields of specialization. The field of VAT refunds, which is one of those areas of specialization, requires a good command of knowledge regarding its regulations and a high level of professional experience. Moreover, VAT returns is a process. Improving the efficiency of the process would lead to faster finalizations in VAT refunds. Export processes, which play a significant role in the economic development of our country, constitute a field of specialization in chartered accountancy regarding its relation to VAT. This research focuses on the factors that have impacts on VAT refund processes related to exports, and the difficulties faced by the chartered accountants in this process. In this study, a poll is conducted with 136 firms operating in the field of chartered accountancy. According to the results of this survey, seven factors which have effects on the success of VAT refund processes. The poll found seven factors that have effects on the success of VAT refunds processes. They are: “Automation”, “Efficiency of Tax Offices”, “Time”, “Reliability”, “Risk”, “Attention and Care”, and “Proficiency of the Employees of the VAT Refunds Departments”. Also, the study indicates that there are statistically remarkable differences among the weighted importance of the factors which have effects on the success of VAT refund processes elated to exports, depending on the peculiarities of the firms participating in this survey.

The concept of sustainable development and the protection of environment, which is described as the planning of future by not over-consuming natural resources and sustaining the needs of future generations, has become a vital aspect on our lives. Within this concept, as a financial intermediary, the implementation of carbon tax in 1990s aimed to decrease carbon emission and preventing disasters that will happen after global climate changes. The income from the aforementioned taxation was used not only for environment problems, but also for financing budget deficit and the compensation for other taxes. There are some challenges in implementing and defining the extent of this specific taxation, which is paid by the polluter. In this study, it is aimed to discuss the subject of carbon tax, which is implemented to protect the environment as a part of sustainable development.

The purpose of this study is to comparatively to examine expectation gap in independent auditing in terms of the auditors of independent audit firms in Turkey and the managers of the companies benefiting from the audit services. The population of the research is the supervisors of the independent audit firms and the managers of the companies subject to independent audit. Within the extent of the purpose of the study, expectation gap in independent auditing, the scope of the independent audit, the responsibilities of the independent auditors, audited financial statements, the independent audit reports and the independence of the auditors were examined. ‘Kruskal-Wallis H Test’, ‘Mann-Whitney U Test’ and ‘One Way Variance Analysis’ were used in the study. As a result of the research, it is determined that there are significant gaps between the auditors of the independent audit firms and the managers of the companies benefiting from the audit services.

In todays’ competitive environment accurate, reliable and timely cost information is important for making true pricing. Therefore, many cost accounting methods were developed. Time Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC) and Resource Consumption Accounting (RCA) are the new generation of these methods. These two cost methods were compared and costs were delivered to products by hypothetical sample, so it was tried to reveal common and different aspects of these methods in this study. Activity Based Costing (ABC) is the starting point of both of the methods. While TDABC considers time as a cost driver, RCA considers a lot of cost driver that changes according to the resource. Within the scope of hypothetical sample, it was determined that RCA is more precise in cost delivering so it provides more useful information to managers in their decisions about the cost accounting.

The study aimed to analyse financial performance of Turkish Manufacturing Sector. 32 financial ratios of the 21 manufacturing sub-sectors were analysed by Gray Relational Analysis method. Data used in the analysis are the sector ratios calculated and declared by the Central Bank of The Republic of Turkey (CBRT) and cover the period 2012-2014. According to the findings the indicators affecting financial performance of Turkish manufacturing sector are financial structure, profitability, liquidity and asset utilization ratios. Within the scope of study the most successful three subsectors are, Tobacco Products Manufacturing, Coke and Refined Petroleum Products Manufacturing and Beverages Manufacturing sub-ectors. Food Products Manufacturing sub-sector is identified as the lowest performance.

Postponement of bankruptcy is a legal establishment with an objective to protect the rights of the creditors and improvement of the financial situation in this process through prevention of the bankruptcy in the scope of the improvement project, which is submitted to the court by insolvent joint stock company or cooperative. Postponement of the bankruptcy is a protection measure, which prevents bankruptcy decision of the joint stock company or cooperative by the court. The principal objective of the postponement of bankruptcy is to prevent bankruptcy of the insolvent joint stock company or cooperative and enable improvement of their financial status. There are some conditions for postponement of the bankruptcy of the insolvent company. One of the most important conditions is to prepare improvement project, which is based on the concrete evidences with regard to the improvement of the financial status of the business organization in near future. In order to resolve a postponement of bankruptcy, the precautions in the improvement project shall be realistic and practical and must be found serious and convincing by the court. In the study prepared in the light of this information, a sample application has been made for the company or cooperative to be requested to postpone the bankruptcy. With this example application, it has been tried to provide a better understanding of the subject.

It is known that in recent years, accounting fraud cause major bankruptcies that shook the world economy in general. As a result, countries and businesses began to take more serious measures to prevent this situation. For example, the USA made Sarbanes-Oxley Act after the Enron scandal. The reason of these actions is to provide users impartial and accurate information more objectively by preventing fraud and corruption in the accounting data. In this regard, forensic accounting, use a variety of methods and techniques for prevent and discover the fraud and manipulation by taking the role of a bridge between, law and accounting sciences. In addition, it is necessary for individuals who work in this area to have adequate knowledge on law, accounting, auditing, mathematics and technology. The study has been carried out to reveal perception of accounting profession who are related parties for forensic accounting that have an increasing importance day after day regarding forensic accounting. In the result of the survey for the accounting profession in the Aegean region, the awareness of accounting profession about the forensic is found to be high. Accounting professionals think that forensic accounting is important in our country. But it found that that they think that same level of importance is not placed on education. Accounting professionals think that legal regulations regarding forensic accounting is not sufficient yet, but they think that it will be in the future.

The tax consciousness means that the level of willingness to meet the tax responsibilities of individuals who are aware of the importance of taxation in terms of the performance of state’s functions. Inadequacy of the legal enforcement and the dissuasive politics solely in the struggle of the unrecorded record economy and the tax evasion requires the voluntary obedience of taxpayers to taxation. It is possible to increase voluntary compliance by creating the tax consciousness in the society. The most important factor in the creation of the tax consciousness is the educational level of the society, and the efficiency of educational activities related to taxation in the educational practices. In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of tax education on the creation of the awareness and consciousness of the students in the Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. The tax consciousness of students is evaluated with a questionnaire form developed by collecting the questions of the uestionnaires prepared and used by various researchers previously in the literature. In this way, the effect of tax education on the tax consciousness is evaluated by determining the difference between those two kinds of student groups in terms of tax consciousness.

In long-term construction and repair businesses, distribution of profit for the period and dividend advance payment is necessary in order for interest groups, especially shareholders to be able to get their capital gains timely. The distribution of dividend advance payment can be given by calculating the positive difference between costs and progress payments incurred based on certain legal regulations. However, according to Tax Regulation, the implementation of semi-completed method in determining net profit for the period and whether shareholders receive share from net profit for the period in this method pose problems. The aim of the study is to identify certain cases related to distribution of dividend to the shareholders as advance payment by suggesting the method of determining the profit during the period for the long-term construction and repair works. Legally in detecting annual earnings and distributing as dividends advance, partial completion method in determining the difference between actual costs and progress payments which is identified in 6 Series No. Corporate Tax General Institutions Notification is applied. In determining of annual earnings, rather than this method, legal regulation for period profit to be able to distributed and implementation of the percentage of completion method, which is foreseen by Turkey Accounting Standards (TAS) 11 Construction Contracts standard ust be made.

In the recent times, we are witnessing a period in which international tax issues are deeply discussed than ever before. Excessive base erosion and profit shifting (initiatives) as a consequence of weakness and problems in existing international tax rules have played a significant role in increasing focus on international tax issues. Recently, the concept of Permanent Establishment which is a significant criteria in determining taxing right of source state in tax treaties has been abused and frequently used for tax avoidance. With globalization, the emergence of new business models as a result of stunning developments in digital technologies have allowed commercial actives to be conducted relatively easier compared to past without a workplace (physical presence). In this context, the necessity to review definition of Permanent Establishment which is considered as a global taxation problem is emphasized concretely in Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting which was prepared by OECD and endorsed in G20 summit in 2013 September at Saint-Petersburg. “Preventing the Artificial Avoidance of Permanent Establishment Status” composes Action 7 of the Plan and as a result of works under this action item, its final report was published in 2015 October. In this article, problems regarding this issue and developed recommendations within the context of G20/OECD Action Plan will be evaluated.

Several studies have been made on the burnout and organizational commitment levels of the employees working in the accounting departments of the businesses operating in the regions of TRB1 (Elazig, Malatya, Bingöl, Tunceli) and TRC2 (Diyarbakir, Sanliurfa), and the relationship between the sub-dimension of the job burnout levels and organizational commitment has been examined. Therewithal, the fact that organizational commitment level is at the level of an addiction has been revealed. In the study, while the intensity of the environmental and external factors on the exhaustion is felt, personal and emotional exhaustion is tried to be concealed or camouflaged. Besides, it has been verified that the feeling of responsibility and the esteem shown to them are determinant on the commitment of the accounting members, which increases the organizational commitment. In this context the study, burnout level of the accounting profession, is intended not differ by demographic characteristics of professional burnout and to determine whether there is a relationship between organizational commitment and occupational burnout as the main purpose. Sample group, questionnaires developed by the researcher and including questions for accounting members about their personal and professional knowledge, and on condition that they are applied to the same group, “Allen Mayer Organizational Commitment Scale” and “Maslach Burnout Inventory,” which have been used for the similar researches before, have been developed as the data collection tools, and the data attained has been transferred to the SPSS 20.0 packaged software, and the relationship between organizational commitment and job burnout has been displayed by doing the statistical analysis of the data obtained.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the accounting practices about research and development expenses and their ‘Reduction Principles’ from company profits. Firstly, R&D reduction principles and scope of expenses are discussed in the context of related laws, namely Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. This reduction is compared with the regulations about contributions, incentives and reductions determined in the Law No.5746. Finally, applications are given about the accounting of R&D expenses in the frame of Uniform Accounting System and TMS 38- Intangible Assets.

Insurance companies have been preparing their financial statements in accordance to IFRS since 2008. Companies are implementing most of IFRS with some exceptions (IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements, IFRS 4: Insurance Contracts Standard). In this study, how insurance companies which are obligated to apply IAS 37: Provisions, Contingent, Liabilities and Assets to report how the current situation in the reinsurance assets and how it should be reported according to IAS 37 were examined. The significant difference is explained through the financial statements of an insurance company. As a result of the study, non-implementation of IAS 1 standard has resulted as violation of the ban on offsetting and it is understood that insurance companies underreport their debts and receivables.

Bu çalismanin amaci gelismekte olan bir ülke olan Türkiye’de, 2007-2015 yillari arasinda kurumsal yönetim endeksinde islem gören firmalarin performanslari ile kurumsal yönetim düzeyleri arasinda iliski olup olmadiginin incelenmesidir. Analiz Türkiye’de yapilan diger çalismalardan farkli olarak dinamik bir method olan Sistem Genellestirilmis Momentler Metodu (sistem GMM) kullanilarak yapilmistir. Ayrica analiz kurumsal yönetimin hesaplanmaya basladigi yildan günümüze kadar (2007-2015) genis bir örneklem dönemini kapsamaktadir. Analiz sonucunda, kurumsal yönetim notlari ile muhasebe temelli ROA ve piyasa temelli Tobin’s Q performans oranlari arasinda istatistiksel olarak pozitif ve anlamli bir iliski oldugu sonucuna ulasilmistir.

Tax disputes are a concept used to express the problems that arise during the taxation process between the administration and taxpayer, and these disputes are settled within the taxation jurisdiction. In addition of the history of tax disputes is based on emergence of the tax, it is believed that the development of tax jurisdiction starts with acquisition of democratic rights. Sense of tax and tax systems have undergone change associated with senses of state over time. This transformation in our country probably accured faster than many countries of the world. Radical changes in governmental, juridical and socio-economic areas naturally influenced tax system along the transition from state system based on customary and religious taxes to parliamentary republic system. The purpose of this study is to examine the development of the Turkish tax jurisdiction in the historical process.