Background: Myeloidsarcoma (MS) is a tumor composed of granulocytic precursor cells occurring in an extramedullary location.MS are rare neoplasms whose knowledge is largely based on case reports. MS is often initially misdiagnosed, the most common alternative diagnoses being lymphoma, undifferentiated cancer, malignant melanoma, extramedullary hematopoiesis and inflammation. Immunohistochemistry and immunophenotying are crucial for the accurate diagnosis of MS. Aim: The aim of this study is to introduce a boy with a very rare clinical case of MS in the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome. Case report: A 9-year-old boy with extramedullary MS has been treated in Pediatric Oncology Department, K hospital from May, 2016 to August, 2016. Method: Retrospectively describe a clinical case. Result: The patient is described smilar to some other cases in literature. He was treated with an Acute Myeloicytic Leukemia conventional chemotherapeutic protocol and discharged. Conclusion: The case is rare in clinical practice. The exact diagnosis was made by immunohistochemistry and immunophenotying. Treatment with systemic chemotherapy was associated with his primary favorable survival outcome. Background: A myeloid sarcoma (chloroma, granulocytic sarcoma, extramedullary myeloid tumor), is a solid tumor composed of immature white blood cells called myeloblasts [1], [2]. A chloroma is an extramedullary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia; in other words, it is a solid collection of leukemic cells occurring outside of the bone marrow.

Chemotherapy has been the most used approach in cancer treatment. It can be used alone or as adjuvant therapy in order to prevent tumor reoccurrence in association with radiotherapy or surgery. Nevertheless, certain cancers can development of Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) the remains a major challenge in the treatment of cancer. The present review aims to elucidate most commom cancer treatments, as well as explain the leading drug resistance mechanisms and key strategies to overcome it. Although there are many mechanisms that seems to be a potential in overcoming MDR, such ABC transporters, synthetic and natural chemosensitizers and epigenetic therapy, the use of these approaches and the possible interactions is not yet fully understood, therefore further studies aiming at understanding this dynamics are necessary

Environmentally friendly natural dyes have been used in food, textile, medicine fields. The red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) plant including cyanidin is usually used as food material. However, due to the presence of anthocyanins, cyanidin can be evaluated as a source of dyes. The cells were examined by staining. Onion roots and human blood used to disseminate the use of plant-derived dyes and to show the staining of the nuclei of different cells. The alum also used as a mordant material for bonding between cell core and dyestuff. Furthermore, only onion roots treated with salicylaldehyde for been having cell walls and then taken to the dye solution. A few drops of blood taken from healthy, voluntary 20-years old person spread peripherally. A top of onion provided from a local market immersed in a small beaker of water and its roots put into 70% ethyl alcohol. 20% red cabbage extract prepared. 1 piece of onion root and blood preparation put into the extract. They subjected firstly at room temperature and secondly 50° C for one-hour to dyeing processes. In addtion, one of the onion root immersed in the dye solution after standing in salicylaldehyde. The other root directly added to the dye solution. Both solutions kept at 50° C for 1 hour. After staining, onion root cells and blood cells washed. They examined as × 40, × 100 magnitudes in the light microscope. No staining observed in both cell types at room temperature. When the temperature of the dye bath increased, a blue coloring observed in the nucleus of onion stem cells. Especially erythrocytes in blood cells stained dark blue with alum. No staining observed in the onion stem cells treated with salicylaldehyde. That is, the onion roots stained in the dye bath containing alum mordant without salicylaldehyde.

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition) 2 and the specialized field, eating disorders are defined as a series of behaviours, beliefs and attitudes towards food, body image, and weight, that make those who suffer from them alter their eating habits in a disordered manner provoking very negative consequences in their physical and mental health

Trigeminal Neuralgia is s disabling chronic pain condition that is characterised by recurrent episodes of severe, lancinating pain to the face. The condition generally responds well to pharmacotherapy and / or surgery. In a minority of case these treatment modalities are ineffective or unsuitable and other treatment modalities need to be considered. Botulinum toxin type A has been used effectively in the treatment of a several pain syndromes such as chronic migraine. There are also a number of reports of its use in trigeminal neuralgia, with doses ranging from 50 to 170 units. In addition, a number of different injection techniques have been described. We assessed the clinical effects of botulinum toxin type-A injections in 5 patients with refractory idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. All patients exhibited increased sensitivity to touch (allodynia) over the appropriate facial region. Patients were infiltrated with up to 35 units of botulinum toxin with 10 units into the region below the zygomatic arch and the additional 25 units into facial triggers zones in a grid like fashion. We propose that this standardised injection protocol be termed the “ZAPTed” protocol. The Numerical Rating Scale was used to establish the efficacy of the injections. All 5 patients reported significant benefit from the botulinum toxin injections, with a reduction in pain by greater than 75%, even though they had previously been unresponsive to medical and in some cases, invasive treatments.. This confirms previous reports that botulinum toxin injections are a useful therapeutic tool in the management of refractory trigeminal neuralgia. The doses required are much smaller than previous reports using this therapeutic option. The treatment effect using a standardise injection protocol was also more effective and longer lasting.

Acne vulgaris was very common self limitting disease, affected approximately 85% of adolesence, that was defined as a chronic inflammation of pilosebaceous units. It was characterized (diagnosed) by the formation of comedones (as primarily acne lession), erythemathous papules and pustules, less frequently nodules and pseudocyst, and was accompanied by scarring in some cases that caused psychosocial problems. Cunliffe classified the severity of acne vulgaris into 4 types based on the kind and number of acne lessions : mild, moderate, severe, very severe. Four major factors were involved in the etiopathogenesis : follicular hyperkeratinization, increased sebum production, abnormality of microbial flora and inflammation process. The goal of therapy were : removed plugging of the pilar drainage, reduced sebum production, treated bacterial colonization, prevented from scaring. The complications were acne scar, persistent hyperpigmentation, pyogenic granuloma formation, persistent swelling, gram negative bacteria folliculitis, bacterial and fungal folliculitis as secondary infection, resistances to antibiotics. The purpose of this case report was to share experience in treating very severe comedonal acne vulgaris because of the chronicity course of acne vulgaris was difficult to be eradicated and there were many resistances problems to antibiotics in some literatures and journals.

Primary Immuno Deficiencies (PID) are rare disorders accompanying with immune dysregulation and different types of infections. Chronic diarrhea is a common complication that occur in 20% of these patients. As causes of diarrhea are diverse and include various microbial agents; thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the virological status of chronic diarrhea in patients with PID referred to the Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Rasoul Akram hospital by PCR, endoscopy, and colonoscopy. We evaluated 54 patients with PID and these results were obtained: no virus was found in 42 (77%) patients and 12 patients (23%) had the viruses as the following: Norovirus was the most common virus detected in 4 patients (7.4%) and there was a patient with concomitant Norovirus and Cytomegalovirus. Colonoscopy and endoscopy were performed for the patients who were positive for Cytomegalovirus and this virus was associated with Norovirus and Enterovirus in other 2 patients. The results of colonoscopy showed that Cytomegalovirus was present in 3 patients (5.6%). In conclusion, we found a number of viruses causing chronic diarrhea in PID patients; therefore, appropriate treatment is applicable to reduce the long-term complications of these patients.

Diabetes is a type of metabolic disease. Metabolic disease is caused by the malfunctioning of an organ or organ system. Diabetes is the result of an imbalance of the control mechanism that regulate carbohydrate metabolism. A healthy body maintains a constant blood sugar level which is normally 80 mg per 100 ml of blood. When large quantities of glucose inter the blood stream, the excess glucose is converted into an insoluble product called glycogen which is formed by glucagon peptide hormone produced by alpha cells of the pancreas to elevate glucose level, glucagon binds to receptors on hepatocytes (Liver Cell) and some other cells. This activate an enzyme glycogen phosphorylase, inside the hepatocyte to hydrolyze glycogen to glucose. This process is called glycogenolysis. Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles of the body for future use. As and when required glycogen is reconverted into glucose and reintroduced into the blood stream. All these processes are controlled by a hormone known as insulin. This hormone is produced in the pancreas by beta cells. If insulin is not produced in adequate quantities. Abundance sugar can’t be deposited and used. As a consequence, sugar continues to hoard in the blood stream, till it is lost through urine. This leads to hunger, thirst and gradual loss of weight- a condition referred to as diabetes.

Acute and chronic pancreatitis post scoliosis correction surgeries have been reported before as a rare complication. Many hypothesis were suggested including direct trauma and waves generated by the high speed drilling and re-allignment of the spine after the surgery. In all the cases reported before there was an element suggesting those hypothesis. In this case, there was no evidence that the pancreatitis is caused by the spinal surgery at all. 14-year-old girl who was admitted for elective scoliosis surgery on. She was unwell post operatively, with a rising CRP and an increasingly distended abdomen. A CT abdomen was performed and showed some free fluid but no free gas. She went for a diagnostic laparoscopy due to failure of conservative management. This showed extensive inflammation of the right side of the colon, adherent to the bowel and that led to laparotomy and extended right hemicolectomy and ileostomy formation. The surgical samples from the bowels has been sent for pathology in which showed manifestations of Pancreatitis. No cause identified for diagnosis. The histology Macroscopy report of the biopsy samples in this patient showed congested and oedematous serosa with adhesions and patchy, fibrinopurulent exudate extending along almost the entire length of the specimen (Right Hemicolectomy). Microscopically: There is extensive mesenteric panniculitis with multifocal neutrophilic abscesses surrounding fat necrosis. There was extensive saponification and necrosis. There are acute and chronic inflammatory cells within the fat necrosis -foamy histiocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and plasma cells.

Introduction: Our preliminary trial revealed the correlation between cognitive ability and active ability, blood vessel age, and stress. From this result, a method to eliminate stress and favorably influence blood vessels and activity capacity was examined. We developed a method where elderly participants danced to familiar music while executing brain training tasks. Methods: Verified method is a brain training developed from music therapy and dance. As brain training, the effectiveness of training tasks such as dual-task (performing two tasks simultaneously) and n-back task (recall task for items shown n steps earlier) have been verified. Additionally, methods developed in this study utilized "ostinato", a rendition often used in music such as folk music. This method repeats a short phrase multiple time. As it has a trait which makes it easy to retain and recall, a repeated melody which speeds up is easily retained in memory. Analysis in that is a comparison between intervention and control. Cognitive tests and stress checks were compared with a paired One-way analysis of variance. Result: Data of 102 people were analyzed. In comparison to the control group, cognitive function was improved and distress was reduced in the intervention group. Scores of cognitive test items: immediate memory and recall delayed memory were significantly improved (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The brain training dance to familiar music improved cognitive abilities. This activity can relieve stress. Following this study, we want to evolve the brain training dance that elderly in various conditions can do and increase the volume of fun activities available to the elderly.