Abstract :Ulcerative proctossigmoiditis is one of the presentations of ulcerative colitis, whose main etiological
tripod is the modification of the intestinal bacterial microbiota, genetic predisposition and exposure
to environmental antigenic factors. Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease are predisposed to
severe and recurrent infections with Clostridium difficile, presenting high morbidity and mortality
rates if treatment is not instituted early. The use of vancomycin as the first line in the therapeutic
arsenal was effective in reducing the recurrence of C. difficile infection and complications of ulcerative
colitis. In cases of relapse and not responsive to antibiotic therapy, fecal microbiota transplantation
is used as a safe and effective therapy to restore the mucosal protection barrier through intestinal
dacolonization by healthy bacterial flora. This case report confirms the positive therapeutic response
to the use of fecal microbiota transplantation in a patient with ulcerative proctosigmoiditis for
treatment of recurrent Clostridium infection.