Analytical and separation conditions for the simultaneous determination of minor anions (F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3-, SO42–, and PO43-) using ion chromatography technique have been optimized. In this study, ion chromatography with a suppressed conductivity detection system was applied to determine the ionic species with high sensitivity. By these conditions, it has been targeted in the determination of the seven anions in bottled drinking water samples. With concentration of 6 mM Na2CO3 and 1,2 mM NaHCO3were used as the eluent combination for all determinations. All the above anions could be completely determied and eluted were less than 30 min. All anions were displayed symmetrical peak shapes as in the chromatograms. The correlation coefficient (r) varies between 0.9995 and 1 for the above seven anions, whereas the detection limits calculated at S/N= 3 were 0.02–0.45 µg/L. The obtained optimum conditions were then applied to the simultaneous determination of minor anions in 6 bottled drinking water samples with different brands. From the overall drinking water samples which was collected commersially in North Maluku, there were no minor anions concentration exceeding the specified quality standards.

Resort Pemangku Hutan (Forest Manager Resort) or RPH Tambak is one of the forests managed by Indonesian State Forestry Enterprise in the northern part of Lawu Mountain, Surakarta. RPH Tambak located in the Berjo village, in Ngargoyoso, Central Java. This area offers ecotourism attraction for locals and international tourists. The management of forest becomes the main focus with involvement from the locals and stakeholders. This area is a potential area for avian conservation although this area is still relatively unknown. Because of its virgin forest and natural landscape, RPH Tambak has the potential to become a birdwatching spot. The aim of this research is to gather data about local avian species, to interpret the initial data for ecotourism, and to make a birdwatching track. The research methods used in this research are by tracking, and surveying the local avian species to create a roadmap for birdwatching track. The finding of this research is there are 40 species of birds from 25 families living along as cosmopolite and rarely in the birdwatching track. The birdwatching track has 5 posts with different specifications (vegetation, altitude, and tracking time) and tracking distance to make various contact with local avian species. The birdwatching track will be maintained by locals that has the access to the peak of the Lawu Mountain.

This research is conducting to determine effect of HPFLE (Hibridisasi Pipe Filter Layer-Elektrolisis) method on the waste produced by nata de coco because the waste hs not been too much of a concern of the industrial owner, so that it pollutes the water ecosystem. In this research used two independent variables that is variations in absorbance in the pipe filter layer and variations in voltage and treatment time for the electrolysis stage. Absorbants used in the form of kelaa coir, zeolite, sand, cloth, and sponges. The voltage variations used are 5 volts, 10 volts, and 15 volts while the time variations are 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, and 75 minutes. From the existing variables, it is known that at the pipe filter layer stage the content of COD gives an effect of 13, 14% while for 9.7% of phosphate. For electrolysis voltage at the COD level which has the best effectiveness at 5 volts with 75 minutes treatment time. As for phosphate, the effective stress is at 5 volts within 10 minutes. From this research, it’s known that HPFLE method gives effect to COD level to 4000 mg/L while for phosphate to 179,01 mg/L.

Coral reef are the most diverse and productive ecosystems. Coral reef ecosystem provide benefits directly to people by providing food, medicines, building materials and other products.Coral reef ecosystems also support others coastal ecosystems which are importantly for human life. This research was conducted at coastal area of Tahua Village of North Tidore Sub-district, Tidore Kepulauan City. Objective of this research is to determine the percentage cover of coral reefs and to assess local community uses of reef at coastal waters of Tahua. Coral data collection was done by applying line transect method or LIT (Line Intercept Transect), conducted at three observation station with 50 meters transects length at three depths, namely 3 meters, 6 meters and 10 meters. Data was analyzed by using Cox formulation. Researh results indicated that coral reef of Tahua has been generally degraded, with live coral cover percentages for three research station measured were of 21.86% at Station I (degraded), 18.87% at Station II (degraded), 27.21% at Station III (fair).

Large red chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has a fairly complete nutrition and economic value. The supply of large red chili in the country is considered low compared to its demand, that’s why we need to increase its production. Increasing production can be done by fertilizing using natural fertilizers is coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) and administration of Growth Regulatory Substances (ZPT) is atonik. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of coconut water and atonic to the growth of large red chilli pepper sprouts determine which consentration of coconut water and atonic that has the most effective effect to the growth of large chilli pepper. This research was conducted in October - November 2019 at the Botany Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Lampung. This research was carried out using a 2x3 factorial design using young coconut water (a) with 3 levels of concentration ie 0% v / v (a1), 25% v / v (a2) and 50% v / v (a3) and atonic solution ( b) with 2 concentrations, namely 0% v / v (b1) and 10% v / v (b2). Data analysis is the data homogeneous first with the Levene test at 5% significance level. Data analysis using analysis of variance (Analysis Of Variance) ? = 5%. If the interaction between the two factors is real, then proceed with the determination of the simple effect of coconut water at each level of atonic concentration with the F test at 5% significance level. The results of this research shows that the use of atonic and coconut water effects the growth of large red chili plants, and the most effective concentration to the growth of large red chilli pepper plants is the combination of 0% coconut water + 10% atonic.

Moringa plants are one of the plants that contain lots of nutrients both minerals and vitamins. This study aims to determine the content of Vitamin C extract of Moringa oleifera Lam extract with different heights in Baubau. Moringa leaves were extracted by maceration using water and Sodium Oxalate (Na2C2O4) and vitamin C levels were analyzed using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Method. The results showed that the vitamin C content of Moringa leaves for a height of 20 masl (KP 20) in the coastal area was 0.59%, 50 masl (KM 50) 0.53%, while for an altitude of 296 masl (LBW) was 0.83% . From the data obtained shows that the highest levels of vitamin C are Moringa leaves located at a height of 296 mdl (LBW) compared to areas with low altitude in this case Moringa that grows on the coast (KP 20) and medium height (KM 50). From the results of this study it can be concluded that the vitamin C content of Moringa leaf extract which grows in the low area is 296.40 ppm, medium height 267,12 ppm and for the altitude region is 413.71 ppm.