India is a sub-continent with rich biodiversity and diverse Agro- climatic zones. Agriculture has emerged as the largest private-sec- tor occupation in India. The agriculture sector contributes about 19.9% of GDP in 2020-21 which abruptly increased from 17.8% in 2019-20 to the Indian economy. Further, the percentage share of Gross Value Added (GVA) of agriculture and allied sector to total economy has shifted from 18.4 in 2019-20 to 20.2 in 2020-21 thereby fondly known as the backbone of the Indian economy.

Seeds are the pioneers of the sporophytic plant body. They are genetically pure. Germinating seeds are called viable seeds and non-germinating seeds are called non-viable seeds. Usually seeds are fertilised mature ovule, however other tissues may also take part resulting in apomixes and polyembryony and more. Plant produced by result of fertilisation is called sexual reproduction and those without fertilisation are called asexual or vegetative reproduction.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a species belonging to the family Fabaceae, is one of the most critical legumes consumed and grown globally. Common bean ranks first among grain legumes in terms of cultivation area and production in the world. However, the bean is recalcitrant, making obtaining this plant via in vitro culture techniques a challenge. Due to changing climatic factors and drought conditions that may happen in the future, it is essential to produce plants that make up human food in vitro conditions. With this goal, the effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D and Kinetin and their possible combinations on callus induction in leaf and stem explants of three-bean genotypes (Bitlis117, Göynük, and Önceler) were evaluated. It aimed to determine the best medium that promotes callus formation in different bean genotypes and tissue types. Callogenesis was successfully promoted from leaf and stem explants of all three genotypes tested. The highest callus ratio was obtained from stem explants of Bitlis117 cultured on the MS medium, including 2,4-D (0.5mg L -1) and Kinetin (2.0 mg L -1).

Citrus fruits are prized in Pakistan and some species such as Kinnow belonging to C. reticulata with high quality were popular. Nowadays, the usages of Citrus fruits are mainly focused on the eating value, and peels as agro industrial byproduct usually are thrown as garbage. In fact, such peels are abundance in biological ingredients such as essential oils, flavonoids, limonoids, alkaloids, fatty acids, coumarins, etc., which have important usages in pharmaceutics, foods, osmetics, etc. As a result, how to make full use of Citrus peels is a challenging task in Pakistan also in the world. The work focuses on use and awareness of the Importance of Citrus commercially as well as best community health provider.

Tissue culture techniques are needed in many areas of plant studies. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the potential of a vegetable such as lentils, which is an essential plant in human nutrition, to be multiplied by the ovule-embryo culture technique, which is one of the tissue cultures methods. Ovule-embryo culture method minimizes embryo deterioration during the early stages of development, reduces breeding time, and allows for the effective multiplication of numerous plants from a single embryo. Lentil plant (Lens culinaris Medik.) ovule explants were used as plant material. Embryos extracted from ovular integuments and cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with various concentrations and combination of Kinetin and 2,4-D. As a result of the study, the best callus formation rate (60%) was obtained from MS nutrient medium containing Kinetin (1 mg mL-1) and 2,4-D (0.5 mg mL-1).

The semi-arid tropics (SAT) represent about of 48 countries in the developing world. The SAT regions are mostly found in some part of India, locations in south east Asia, some part of sub-Saharan Africa, much of southern and eastern Africa, and a few locations in Latin America. The climates of the semi-arid tropics (SAT) are characterized by high incidence of solar radiation, high temperatures and very high variable rainfall. Only about 4% of the arable land of the semi-arid tropics is irrigated. Erratic and inadeaquate rainfall pattern and frequent dry spells are the predominant features of these regions.

Mobiles have become an integral part of life as we depend on it right from communication to marketing. Most of the students are using mobile phones for their study purpose. The present study was conducted to know about the consumer satisfaction and brand preference of mobile phones. An exploratory research design was adapted with a sample size of 15 respondents from Home Science College by using simple random sampling technique. Structured interview schedule was developed to collect the data. Results revealed that most of the respondent were satisfied with their mobiles and brand name, durability; features and price of the mobile phone have the great influence on students brand preferences. Majority of the respondents associated the mobile phone price with quality of phone while culture had less impact on choice of mobile phones.

Research and evaluation of soil quality is a scientific basis for agricultural production development, making an important contri- bution to socio-economic development and protection of natural resources and environment for the territory or country. The objective of this study is to survey, evaluate and build a soil agrochemical map and soil quality map for Bach Dang commune, an area that is converting production from traditional agriculture to developing production models with high economic efficiency in line with the process of urbanization and modernization under the general orientation of Binh Duong province. Methods of implementation include: secondary survey of information, documents and field survey to take 115 samples for soil quality analysis and direct interview with 207 farmers using printed questionnaires. Information and data collected on the status of agricultural production and factors affecting soil quality were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel software.