Introduction: The inhalation route remains the mainstay of therapy for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This confers a number of advantages such as delivery of medication directly to the site of action resulting in faster onset. It also allows smaller doses to be administered and therefore significantly reduces systemic side effects compared with oral therapy. The drug treatment regime for the majority of patients with asthma and COPD is straightforward and is documented in many guidelines [1-3]. However, the choice of which inhaler device to use is less straightforward. Rather than being spoilt for choice, we are frequently confused by the ever-increasing number of devices available. Although inhalation therapy is now the mainstay of asthma treatment, for most patients such treatment is still not optimal.

Introduction: Mucoproduction plays an important role in the processes of tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), mucins hypersecretion has been associated with alterations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. However, the relation of mucins with EGFR in these tumors is not completely clarified.

Introduction: Cystic lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of pathologies which differential diagnosis can be complicated[1]. We are going to comment some aspects that we should know about cystic lung diseases to facilitate a better understanding and clinical management of these entities.

Background and objective: Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) is a key factor in the pathogenesis of the most lung diseases where ex?essive ROS production and prooxidant/antioxidant imbalance greatly contribute to disease progression. We have used severe hypoxia in sessions of repeated H/R of different duration as a model of lung pathologic states to investigate mitochondrial oxidative stress intensity, protein expression/activity of antioxidant enzymes manganese-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 as well as protein expression of their upstream regulators: p53 and nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-kB).

Abstract: Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) presents with fragility of blood vessels, with high incidence of fatal hemorrhages in middle-age adults. We present a 38-year old female with vascular EDS presented to the emergency unit with spontaneous hemomediastinum and hemothorax. A selective arteriography showed a bronchial artery aneurysm that could be embolized. Coagulated hemothorax was cleared up using intrapleural instillation of urokinase. Acute massive hemoperitoneum happened a few hours later, due to spontaneous disruption of a splenic artery aneurysm. It could not be managed and led to the decease of the patient. Multifocal bleeding is a frequent threatening event in vascular EDS.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a term that describes a group of more than 200 lung disorders that show varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis of the pulmonary interstitium. The etiology and pathophysiology of many of these disorders still remains poorly understood and is the topic of ongoing research and debate. The diagnostic approach to ILD can be complex and often requires a multidisciplinary team approach with involvement of a pulmonologist, radiologist and pathologist. A lung biopsy is often needed to determine the particular subcategory of interstitial lung disease. Unfortunately, conventional transbronchial biopsy with forceps has a very poor diagnostic yield in ILD.