The 2017 classification of periodontitis is a system consisting of 2 vectors, stage and grade, determined by risk and prognostic factors. This study aimed to examine the possibilities and limits of the 2017 classification from the perspective of risk and prognostic factors. This study also explains a third implicit vector—prognosis—which is spontaneously generated by combining the 2 vectors.

n our daily dental practice, broken instruments are one of the most common accidents. Many factors can lead to these endodontic mishaps such as canal curvatures and instrumental fatigue. The prognosis depends on file location, presence or absence of periapical lesion and canal curvature.

Periapical pathology develops as result of pulp disease. It is generally diagnosed either during tooth pain or routine dental radio- graphic examination

Lingual orthodontics represents a significant advancement in dental treatments, particularly for malocclusions and dental anom- alies. This article examines its effectiveness when combined with surgical bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) in treating severe deep bite and multiple dental agenesis.

The tooth is a complex organ of the Oral cavity that develops from a interaction of processes, cells and signalling factors. The tooth is an important organ of the body with respect to its primary functions of biting, chewing as also its supplementary functions of aesthetics and phonetics.

Gingival lesions are very common, often called a pathological miscellany. Majority of these lesions are reactive in nature, but can also be neoplastic or developmental.

The introduction of artificial intelligence has resulted in a paradigm change in the medical and dentistry industries. Understanding the fundamental concept, functioning principles and prospective uses of AI as a diagnostic tool in Dentistry is crucial for its broad implementation.

Dental anxiety is a common concern in children, especially concerning dental visits. Play therapy is an interpersonal process that helps patients to overcome their anxiety. Bubble therapy is a simple, non- invasive approach that may be used to reduce anxiety in children—an innovative way directed towards distracting and calming the child.

Traumatic fibroma lesions are characterised by painless, slow growing, firm, round or oval shaped lesion. It generally interferes with mastication.

Apnea is a medical condition characterized by temporary pauses in breathing during sleep. Apneas are mainly classified into 2 types Central sleep apnea (ACS) it is caused by a temporary failure of the ponto-spinal center that is responsible for generating rhythmic breathing.

Alveolitis is the most common complication after a tooth extraction. Blum describes alveolitis as the presence of post- operative pain in and around the extraction site, increasing in severity any time between one and three days after extraction accompanied by a partially or completely disintegrated blood clot within the alveolar cavity.

A graduate of dentistry, fresh from the university, should be able to function independently if he/she is competent enough. The graduate should have acquired knowledge, skills, values and professionalism to face the patients reporting to the clinic and offer solutions to the problems the patient has.

The growing emphasis on precision dentistry necessitates a shift towards minimally invasive (MI) techniques. This narrative review explores how MI techniques are revolutionizing periodontics and implantology.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a system enables a robot, com- puter or software imitates a human brain. Artificial intelligence is characterized by the ability of a technology to use a form of its own intelligence, with the aim of developing machines capable of learning data, predicting and solving problems.

The management of the deformity in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the subject of controversy since surgical correction is achieved through conventional orthognathic surgery, or by distraction osteogenesis (DO). The case of a 16-year-old male patient with a surgical history of unilateral cleft lip and palate correction is described, who was diagnosed with severe maxillary hypoplasia with a discrepancy of 14 mm, for which it was decided to perform advancement of the middle third of the face through of rigid external distraction device (RED device) with absolute skeletal anchors.

Metabolomics is a branch of ‘omics’ sciences that utilises a couple of analytical tools for the identification of metabo- lites. It is increasingly being used to study metabolomics in various cancers. However, the field of metabolomics in OSCC has not been extensively reviewed or assessed.