In the African meningitis belt devastating Meningococcalepidemicsare important public health problems. Sudan as one of the 26 countries of the belt is not an exception, Neisseria meningitides(Nm)is hosted only by humans and transmission of the disease occurs usually through close contact or by air-borne large respiratory droplets from asymptomatic human carriers, Thusstudying meningococcal carriage and human to-human transmission is a key to control the epidemic.

This paper deals with concepts of Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP). LMP can be calculated by solving either DC OPF or AC OPF. Firstly, the calculation of LMP is carried out using DC OPF algorithm for both lossy and lossless cases. Secondly, it is solved by AC OPF algorithm. Finally, Artificial Intelligence(AI) – Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique has been introduced for computing LMP. All the above methods have been implemented for IEEE – 30 bus system and the results are compared.

Cloud computing delivers on request services to its clients. Data storage is among one of the main services delivered by cloud computing. Cloud facility provider crowds the data of data holder on their server and employer can use their data from these servers. As data, employer and servers are different characters, the example of data storage brings up many security tests. In this paper, we will discuss the different types of techniques that are used for secure data storage on cloud.

The relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is still unclear, but there are a lot of data hypothesizing the prevalence of T2DM among HCV seropositive patients. The current research consisted of 62 HCV seropositive and 33 apparently healthy subjects attending Rasheed shekoni specialist hospital Dutse. Serum biochemical parameters were determined using chemistry analyzer (Selectra Pro). Results revealed a statistical increase of all the liver enzymes of HCV subjects compared to controls, all parameters for metabolic syndrome varies between HCV and controls, our findings also revealed that age may be factor in developing type2 diabetes among HCV. A percentage prevalence of 16.1% and 19.4% in male and female respective HCV subjects have fasting sugar levels beyond 7.0 mmol/l. conclusively, a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes was documented among HCV subjects.

The list of perceived problems was used to design questionnaire, which formed the basis of the primary data. The target respondents were postgraduate students in M.Sc. Construction Management whose academic sessions fall in between the year 2007 and 2010. A total sample of One Hundred and Five (105) which comprises of 2007/2008, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 academic sessions of postgraduate students were chosen from M.Sc. construction management programme in University of Lagos. The response rate was 72%. The results of the study show that postgraduate students of M.Sc. Construction Management have a positive feeling on factors like Academic Competence, Test Competence and Strategic studying; a negative feeling on factors such as Test Anxiety, and Project Research Deficiencies; and finally, a neutral feeling on factors like Time Management and Teaching Style. Data collected were statistically analyzed using Likert Scale, Percentage, Mean, Frequency, and Chi-Square was employed in testing the hypothesis. Results obtained revealed the major effects of poor academic performance of postgraduate students of M.Sc. Construction Management. Also revealed is that, association exist between the perceived problems of postgraduate students and their academic performance in M.Sc. Construction Management Programme. Based on the findings, recommendations and suggestions for further studies were made.

Urbanization is an inevitable trend that cities are becoming exposed and vulnerable to the effects of a wide range of disasters. This study used secondary data analysis and obtained from varieties information available in the internet, journal, online news and other electronic information forms. The paper review revealed that the risk on the rapid urbanization is seemingly identifiable these days as such it is recognizable this includes rapid population growth in urban areas where the population most came from the rural areas to look for a greener pasture. Second is in the infrastructure which the issues emergence were electric power supply and distribution, water supply and sewages, communication infrastructure and transportation infrastructure which as state also that overpopulation is one major cause of traffic in urban areas. Third, urban health which compromised the status of urban poor that they are the most affected population on the urbanization as shows they could experience lack of social support, discrimination and isolation. Revealing also on the environmental risk that rapid urbanisation can contribute poor air quality and availability of water. It was also identified the risk on climate change as cities consume 78 percent of the world’s energy and produce more than 60% of all carbon dioxide and significant amounts of other greenhouse gas emissions, mainly through energy generation, vehicles, industry and biomass use and lastly social instability was identified for rapid and unplanned urbanization can also quickly lead to urban violence and social unrest including widening inequalities. Thus, the researchers sees spatial development initiatives have been threw around strategic transport routes, linking ports to mining areas, stimulating industrial and commercial investment in the related urban hubs and the emergence of issues has been perceives on the on-going urbanization in Davao City. Above all, the researchers recommended on adopting an infrastructure guided development policy that can be a potent, strategic tool for managing uncontrolled urban growth.

Blood transfusion centers are saddled with the main responsibility of educating and encouraging people to willingly donate to save life. Despite the percentage of women in all communities being almost equal to that of the men, the women to men ratio for blood donation seems to be quite minimal. The aim of this study is to determine the gender distribution of blood donors and its recipient in Rasheed Shekoni Specialist Hospital Dutse, Jigawa State of Nigeria. The study was carried out in Rasheed Shekoni Specialist Hospital (RSSH), a tertiary health facility in Dutse, the Jigawa State capital in North Western Nigeria. This retrospective study includes the total of 10,799 blood donors and 10,105 blood recipients from January, 2014 to June, 2018. Data of blood donors and recipients were retrieved from the donors and recipient’s register, collated and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). The result shows that of the 10,799 blood donors, 10,764 (99.7%) were males while 35 donors (0.3%) were females. Out of the total number of 10,105 blood recipients, 4,451 (44%) were males while 5,654 (56%) were females. The study concludes that male blood donors far dominate the female donors, hence there is need to educate the female population on the importance of blood donation and to correct negative misconceptions against female gender blood donation and unnecessary discrimination to meet up with the huge demand for blood.

A very well-known land of sarcoma or tumor and mutation research in bioinformatics walk parallel in various dimensions, e.g. numerous records used by scientists to investigate facts from several trials, microarray data analysis, pattern mining, and analysis of proteomics statistics. Availability of fresh resources for researchers don’t guarantee the well-known techniques incorporate bioinformatics tools and analyses into their work, and also to bioinformaticians looking for real data to develop and test algorithms. In this research we are going to discuss the interdependence of microarray high level data analysis bioinformatics, and highlight the very suitable and functional resources mechanism to microarray data analysis researchers. It encompasses the public database s, along with specialized bioinformatics techniques. Our critical purpose in this paper is to present the functions and structure calculation tools of protein genes. It would be a changing agent to study and experiment microarray data analysis.

Nuclear power is among the best means of realising electrical generation in adequate capacity that improves both socio-economic and technological growth of any nation. This energy source is not without occurrences of severe and deadly accidents like that of Fukushima in 2011. However, the use of nuclear energy still attracts numerous positive and negative perceptions. The positive perceptions include: means of reducing emissions, achieving energy security and climate change mitigation while some of the major problems or negative public perceptions are: management of waste, radioactive waste disposal, distrust in the industry, inadequate security against terrorist attacks, safety concerns and costs of construction and decommissioning. This paper aimed to study public perception of nuclear power in Nigeria. Data for the study were collected from both secondary and primary sources. Secondary data were collected from related literatures and past studies across the World. Primary data was collected from questionnaire with the use of two-stage simple random sampling technique. Been a quantitatively study, the questionnaire were analysed using percentages, Kruskal Wallis and independent sample T-test. The study found that majority of the respondents has positive perception of nuclear power. A Kruskal Wallis test conducted revealed statistically different among the different age groups’ perceptions on the statements about nuclear power. Similarly, the study revealed large support for nuclear built in the country while an independent sample T-test revealed that both gender responded similar on support or oppose to nuclear built in the country. The study concluded that since Nigeria has large land mass, nuclear plants can be located in remote areas far away from settlements and operate in safely manner, in order to boast energy security of the country.

This paper aims to measure the Ghannouche industrial zone growth, social and economic impact on the region. Using a cluster approach, it identifies the main determinants of the regional cluster, clarifies the nature of its network relations and interdependencies and gives an overall hierarchy. This analysis should be based on a database inventory of empirical attributes (Knowledge promotion, strategic management, R&D promotion, knowledge transfer, partnerships and cooperation, government orientations and policies, PME’s, etc ...). The challenge ahead lies in the location and extraction of the data. Therefore, serious attention was given to the practical methodology choice. The purpose of this study is to give a general anatomy of the region’s main revenue and employment generator in order to determine its major strengths and weaknesses in term of innovative performance. The study can be used as a support for future work in elaborating development policies for regional competitiveness enhancement.

Managing the resources in the field of Textile industry is the typical task. The waste from the industry should manage efficiently in the organization. Most industries in Tirupur the wastes are managed optimally by adopting certain methods or Recycling.Textile industry plays an important role in the economy of the country like India and it accounts for around one third of total export. Traditionally produced fabric contains chemical residues, used during their manufacturing. These chemical residues may evaporate in air or may absorb through our skin thus causing allergy. In this study the researcher developed the paper structured questionnaire about the different methods and the various operations involved in the textile industry to maintain environment and discusses about the water usage, wastewater characteristic of textile industry. It also gives a brief idea about the treatment technologies for treating waste water and to manage the waste optimally in the organization.

In developing countries, budget deficits are often the result of expansionary fiscal policies, instability of export earnings as a result of erratic fluctuations in commodity prices. The states inability to compensate for this decline by increasing revenue from other sources or reducing spending growth sufficiently affects the formulation and implementation of macroeconomic management policies. Thus, many of these countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo resort to borrowing to cope with the increase in public spending or simply to maintain them at their level. The Democratic Republic of Congo is not immune to the problems related to the budget deficit and the growth of public spending faster than revenue. Since 1980, more pronounced budget deficits have begun to appear in the general state budget. This article analyzes the impact of the budget deficit on inflation in the Democratic Republic of Congo as one of the developing countries. The estimation of the effects of the deficit and fiscal policy variables in the reaction functions of the Central Bank of Congo and in the long-term rate equations for the country shows that this impact is not automatic and may vary from one country to another. country in development vocality to another. JEL codes: E44, E52, E6

The study examined the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on foreign trade in Nigeria. The research design for this study was quasi experimental in nature. The study was basically time series based. Data used in the study was generated from the Central Bank of Nigeria and Federal Bureau of Statistics Bulletin. The data used were those of Exchange Rate (EXR), Import (IMP) and Export (EXP) in international price level (PL) and Gross Domestic Production (GDP) from 1980-2014.The statistical tools employed in analyzing the data were; The Ordinary Least Square (OLS), co-integration/ECM and the Granger Causality test methods. The choice of these econometric approaches was premised on the fact that time series data are sometimes pronged to spurious results. The Parsimonious Error Correction Model (ECM) results, indicates that the dynamic model is a good fit. This is so because the variation in the dependent variable account for 56 percent of the total variation in the model based on the R2 . Specifically, the R2 value of 0.564 indicates that the variation in foreign trade explained by changes in exchange rate (EXR), gross domestic product (GDP) and price level (PL) is 56 percent. Therefore, the explanatory.power of the model estimated is 56 percent. This shows a more realistic value of R2 for the Nigerian economy than the OLS results of 93%. Also, the value of f-statistic at 147.00 in the short run equally reduces to 2.132 and statistically significant at the 5% level. This implies that the overall regression result is significant. The Durbin Watson (DW) value of 1.998, which is approximately 2.0, suggests a lesser level of autocorrelation.The coefficient of the error correction term appears with the right sign (negative) and statistically significant at 5 percent level. This shows that about 55 percent disequilibria in the foreign trade in the previous year were corrected for in the current year. It therefore, follows that the ECM could rightly correct any deviations from short run to long-run equilibrium relationship between Foreign Trade and the explanatory variables (exchange rate, gross domestic product and price level). There is need for diversification of the Nigerian economy to avoid overreliance on one product and reduce importation.

The Genetic Algorithm based optimization combines computer vision pattern recognition statistical inference and optics. Its purpose is real-time high confidence recognition of a persons identity by mathematical analysis of the random patterns that are visible within the iris of an eye. The proposed system takes an image of the eye detects the iris and extracts it. Then a binary image of the extracted iris is created in order to form an equivalent binary template. The matching criteria are hamming distances.The system is implemented in MATLAB. The inclusion of Genetic Algorithms which acts as averaging system achieve a 100 recognition rate and 100% database compatibility for CASIA Database, but the performance was not up-to the mark for UBIRIS as only 82.6% of Database compatibility resulted in errors though achieving accurate matches for all the 124 images compatible out of 150 images. The system is tested on two different databases and the comparative performance evaluation of results on both the databases is also achieved. The comparative result analysis for 10 test images for each database shows 100 performance for CASIA and 80 performance for UBIRIS. On increasing the numbers of test images to 150 the results still show a 100 % performance for CASIA and 82.6 performance for UBIRIS. The performance depicted a slight increase of 2.6 on increasing number of test images to 150 for UBIRIS database and show the scope for improvement as the number of test images is further increased.

The systems extrapolate perception revolution moves recording and analysis activities that were traditionally professional performance lines of activities focused to high operational content. Organizations can adopt various systems extrapolate perception humanistic approach empowerment practices to enhance employee satisfaction. This paper considers the value of solidarity management. The strategic importance of workers is discussed and their interaction, as an asset, with other important organization assets. The basic methodologies for workers are then explained and their limitations are considered. The scientific and systems extrapolate perception progress, growth and internationalization of markets, processors are processes in which the accounting profession plays a leading role of value of solidarity management. This study has reviewed how organizations, as powerful systems extrapolate perception humanistic approach empowerment and development eating institutions, have applied normative expectations and established boundaries for the acceptable expression of emotion among employees through tactics such as applicant screening and selection measures.

The article analyzes the evolution of economic growth in the Democratic Republic of Congo for the period from 2010 to 2014. Despite various recovery measures implemented to stabilize it, its economy was languishing under the effect of fundamental imbalances that are accentuated during the so-called total economic rundown period, from 1991 to 2001. To characterize the nature of growth and formulate appropriate policies and strategies that, for example, would reduce poverty, we the most profitable economic growth for this country. The empirical results show that the point estimates of these indicators are not very precise. The period 2010-2014 marks the continuation of a new economic era that began since 2001: an era of economic reforms and institutional stabilization in a context of international openness, after years of political turbulence (looting, importation of interethnic tensions in Rwanda, wars, and armed conflicts) and international disruption. The analysis of the evolution of economic growth in this country shows that economic mismanagement has distorted fiscal and monetary cycles and led to a loss of hard currency due to declining export earnings, a collapse of the financial system and galloping inflation - factors that have virtually paralyzed public and private investment. However, the authorities must take credible measures to promote private investment in the long term, while ensuring economic growth that does not exclude anyone and benefits all Congolese, he said. Young Congolese are actively looking for job opportunities, according to the new report. The old private sector, excluding recently privatized state-owned enterprises, could create at most 300,000 jobs, or 1.2% of the labor force. The rest will have to fall back to subsistence agriculture or the informal sector. Since the situation has not improved significantly since 2006, the Bank emphasizes that the Government will have to ensure that young people are offered employment opportunities in all sectors that are growth poles.

To design a low-cost system that can gather data from greenhouse environment and control the system automatically with respect to the gathered data. By continuously observing the periodic conditions, this system works by securing connection between sensor readings, reference estimations& the cloud. Through long time benefits & lessening the human intervention, this system has been demonstrated that it has numerous points of interest. Monitoring of several parameters inside the greenhouse like light intensity, temperature, humidity, soil moisture using different sensors like LDR, DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, grove moisture sensor, which will be interfaced with a microcontroller (Arduino) which further is connected to a cloud or a server. It is a closed loop system that will execute control action to adjust temperature, humidity, light intensity, soil moisture& can be controlled using a mobile application.

This paper reviews the available information about important service economy sector criteria such as world trade, organizational accelerated development, activity based management improvement, activity based management improvement system, employment, productivity, activity based management, etc. in an international scale. Recognizing the importance of activity based management improvement system in achieving flexibility in an international context expands the types of research questions related to the role of activity based management improvement system functions in organizational performance, such as selection of activity based management improvement resources, training, and compensation and performance appraisal. The form and structure of an organizations activity based management improvement system can affect organizational accelerated development motivation levels in several ways.Organizations can adopt various activity based management improvement practices to enhance organizational accelerated development. The end of this paper is able to find out how important the organizational accelerated development is, comparing with other economy sectors and how fast the growth of the mentioned sector is. Furthermore, the position of activity based management and productivity in the service sector will be specified and the use of activity based management improvement techniques for improving service activity based management will become necessary.

Palmyrah young fruit kernel is a rich source of nutrients and anti-oxidants. Since Palmyrah products are seasonal, canning was adapted to deliver high quality, nutrient-dense foods on over the year. However there is a perception when a food is subjected to the canning techniques, they change some nutrients compared to the fresh form. Therefore a studywas conducted to assess whether canned Palmyrah young fruit kernel could deliver nutrient levels comparable to fresh one. Proximate, mineral and vitamin C, Total phenol and anti-oxidant activity analysis were conducted to assess how these nutrients were affected by the canning process and whether storage further changed these components. This study was found that canned Palmyrah young fruit kernel is significantly higher level in minerals and anti-oxidant activity than fresh. Vitamin C decrease immediately upon Canning and there were no statistically significant changes during storage while total phenolic content was significantly decreased with storage. Canned sample has significantly higher level of total sugar and ash while moisture and protein were found lower compare to fresh sample. This study shows that most of the nutrients content of canned Palmyrah young fruit kernel has been shown in this study to be comparable to that of fresh one.

The research is to analyze the financial performance ie by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Total Asset Turn Over (TATO) and Investment Opportunity (IOS) on Dividend Policy moderated by Profitability. The methodology is based on the literature study method and documentation of the LQ45 in Indonesia during the period 2012-2017 that is 17 company with purposive sampling method. This research use Moderated Regression Analysis as a data of method of analysis. The results show that there is a significant positive relationship between TATO and DPR. Meanwhile, DER and IOS have a negative relationship to the DPR. Then, profitability is able to moderate TATO and IOS against Dividend Policy while profitability is not able to moderate the influence of DER on Dividend Policy. The implicit research was increase, the bigger the profit and the higher the dividend that relies on the creditor, so the variable can be the determinant variable for the investor in making the investment decision. For further research, it is suggested to add independent variables, ie, EPS and CR which represent the variable of financial performance.

In Nigeria, government has recently announced total removal of oil subsidies, which automatically translated into increase in petroleum products prices and coupled with the global concern on climate change resulting from burning of fossil fuel and depletion of world’s crude oil reserve called for this study. Interest in biogas technology is growing and is gaining national attention with the abundant of animal, municipal and food wastes in Nigeria. This study investigated the characteristics of biogas as an alternative fuel in internal combustion engines. Cow dung, plantain peel, corn cobs and food wastes all were obtained from Bichi local Government Area of Kano state in Nigeria. The design was to combined feedstock with high caloric content and anaerobic microbes. The food wastes were crushed with mixer grinder while the fresh cow dung was mixed with water thoroughly by hand. The cow dung served also as inoculums as it contained the required microorganisms for anaerobic digestion. The waste samples were weighed and poured into the digester based on the experimental design. Biogas production was done in batch system, in which the slurry was added once in the digester for the whole duration of the process. The digester was connected to a calibrated measuring cylinder with paraffin oil displacement arrangement to measure the volume of biogas produced. Various blends of diesel and biogas were tested on diesel engine, and the performance of the engine was found to be almost equal to the performance using diesel fuel alone. Petrol engine was fully operated on biogas and natural gas; the exhaust gas sample gives 4.01% CO2, 95.17%N2 and 0.82% O2 as against gasoline exhaust products of 98.7% C and 1.3% H2. Hence, biogas gives lower CO emission and better volumetric efficiency and therefore, can replace the conventional gasoline.

This study aimed to determine the effect of organizational culture and achievement motivation to researcher’s performance on agriculture sector in South Sumatera. Data were collected through cencus method by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents. The questionnaires were analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis. The result showed that partially, organizational culture have a positive and significant effect on the performance and the achievement motivation have a positive and significant effect on the performance. Simultaneously, the organizational culture and the achievement motivation have positive and significant impact on performance. For further researcher’s, it is advisible to add compensation, leadership, job stress and commitment.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the financial condition of national banks and private banks,whether there were significant differences in the financial ratios that were set (LDR, CAR, NPL and NIM)in achieving the desired profit. The research was conducted from 2008 to 2017. The total sample was 10 banks, namely 4 state banks (State-Owned Enterprises / BUMN) and 6 Private banks (National Private Commercial Banks / BUSN) which had the biggest profit in 2017. Analysis tools used was the independent sample t-test using SPSS software. The results of the study showed that the two types of banking had a positive influence on LDR on bank profits, because banks obtained profits from interest and fees from loans channeled. Whereas in the CAR variable, the two types of banking have no effect on profits, this is because capital is only mandatory in accordance with regulatory regulations. In the NPL variable, state-owned banks have a negative influence on earnings while BUSN banks have a positive effect on earnings. Whereas in the NIM variable both types of banking have no influence on earnings.

The study examined the effect of challenges of business clustering in Nigeria: A Study of building material businesses in AkwaIbom State. The population of the study comprises of 12,104registered building materials businesses in AkwaIbom State as at December, 2018 from Uyo branch of Corporate Affairs Commission. Out of this population, the researcher arbitrarily adopts 253 respondentsas the sample size for the study. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The instrument was validated by two experts in evaluation and Test. Data from 253 completed questionnaire forms were subjected to PPMC analysis. The findings of the study showed that poor infrastructural facilities like roads, electricity and water supply, street signage, refuse removal, etc has a proportional relationship with business cluster in Nigeria. The study recommended that to strengthen the momentum of business cluttering further, the task of infrastructural provision is too important and enormous to be left in the hand of government alone, hence the need for private sector to key in the provision of the infrastructure in the cluster region to complement government effort. To succeed as a nation in improving infrastructural provision, there must be sincerity of purpose on the part of the parties involved in the contracts. The rule of law and the sanctity of the contracts must be maintained. The private partners should be able to play innovative role in the design, construction and ensure timely completion of the projects.

Social Networking sites provide a platform for discussion on issues that has been unnoticed in todays world. This study is conducted to check the impact of social networking sites in the education of youth. This is a survey type research and here the data was collected through the questionnaire. 100 sampled youth fill the questionnaire, and the non-random sampling techniques was used to select sample units. The main objectives were as the effect of social media on youth To check out the beneficial and favor form of social media for youth To determine the attitude of youth towards social media and finding the total the total use times on social media. Here the data collected was checked in the form of frequency, percentage. Respondents replied that Face book as their favorite form of social media, and second favorite form of social media is Skype, and Twitter as their third favorite form of social media and YouTube as their fourth form of social media and last is Myspace. Here respondents face main problem during use of social media are unwanted messages, Is social media helping todays youth in Education, Does use of social media deteriorates our social benchmarks, Is social media act negatively in the Education of youth. Social media promotes unethical pictures, video clips and images among youth, anti-religious post and links create hatred among peoples of different communities, Negative use of social media is deteriorating the relationship among the countries, social media is playing a key role to create political awareness among youth.

Nests, eggs, clutch size, incubation and reproductive success of Pycnonotuscafer (Red-vented Bubul) and Streptopeliachinensis (Spotted-dove) were observed from March to July 2015 at Mohnyin Degree College and its environs, Mohnyin Township, Kachin State. Among the total of six nests, three nests of Spotteddove and other three nests of Red-vented Bulbul were observed during the breeding season. In Red-vented Bulbul nests, seven eggs were observed and six eggs of Spotted-dove were found during the study period. Among the Red-vented Bulbul nests, 28.57% were recorded as successful, 28.57% were abandoned and 42.86% are lost of unknown reason and in the nests of Spotted-dove,66.67% were recorded as successful, 33.33% were lost of unknown reason were recorded in the study sites. Out of all recorded thirteen eggs, six eggs hatched and survived.

In recent years, tremendous growth is found in the Mutual Fund Industry. Mutual funds provide the opportunity to all kind of investors to invest in the capital market. It tries to reduce the risk & maximizes the return through the diversified basket of the selected securities. Any individual can start investing in mutual funds with nominal amount. Mutual funds industry provides the higher rate of growth to the investors and benefit of the liquidity. Mutual fund’s industry’s assets under management has increased from 7.01 trillion (31.03.2013) to 22.20 trillion (28.02.2018), there is tremendous increase in 5 years spam. This paper attempts to analyses the growth of Mutual Fund Industry through the parameters i.e. Growth of Asset under Management of Indian Mutual Fund Industry, Sector wise Resource Mobilization by Mutual Funds, Scheme wise Resource Mobilization by Mutual Funds and AUM, Trends in Mutual Fund Transactions on Stock Exchanges.

In this paper, some classes of solvable standard bi-quadratic congruence of prime-power modulus are formulated. The established formula are tested and found true. Examples are solved using established formula. The formula work well. Readers’ time of calculation is shortened. Formulation is the merit of the paper.

Unique Instead of information encryption and decryption that is randomly produced to guarantee the security of an interchanges session between a client and another PC or between two PCs. Session security, on the because that the session key is utilized for both encryption and decryption. A session key might be derived from a hash value utilizing the Crypt Session Key function.Throughout every session, the key is transmitted along with every session and is encoded with recipient key. A lot of their security depends upon the curtness of their use, session keys are changed as often as possible. An alternate session key might be utilized for every session.

The change of budget approach uses performance-based approach nowadays so that it effect the performance-based accounting and financial reporting system in all government agencies to improve services to public. Contingency theory states that there is no design and use of management control systems that can be applied effectively to all organizational conditions, but particular control system is only effective for a certain situation or organization. This study aimed to examine the effect of budget participation on budget performance with the organizational commitment of as a moderation variable in Sriwijaya University. Data were gathered by means of questionnaire with likert scale. The samples, 113 respondents, obtained using purposive sampling technique, were officials, employees, and lecturers involved in budget planning in Sriwijaya University. This study used instrument test (validity test and reliability test), multiple linear regression test (Y = ß0 + ß1X1 + ß2X2 + e), hypothesis test (f test and t test), and residual test of moderation variables (Z = a + b1X1 + e ...(1) and | e | = a + b1Y ...(2)) using the IBM SPSS 23. The study result showed that budget participation positively and significantly affected budget performance (R Square value (R2) of about 0.615 and t-test results was significance, 0.000 < 0.05). While organizational commitment did not strenghthen or weaken the relationship between budget participation and budget performance in Sriwijaya University (significant value of about 0.385 > 0.05 (not significant) and the regression coefficient was positive, 0.32).