In order to improve the quality of life for people, smart cities are a modern urban concept. Various smart technologies are grouped together in order to increase the comfort of human life. This paper highlights the various technologies that are merged together for building a smart city in a developing country like India. Another major aspect of the paper focuses on the kind of technological combinations and their effects used to plan and build a smart city. Finally, the paper concludes by providing an overview of the present status and various challenges faced during the development of smart cities in the Indian scenarios.

Energy generation corporations provide electricity to any or all the households via intermediate controlled power transmission hubs referred to as Electricity Grid. Generally issues arise thanks to failure of the electricity grid resulting in black out of a complete space that was obtaining provide from that individual grid. This project aims to resolve this downside victimization IOT because the means that of communication and conjointly coping with numerous alternative problems that a wise system will traumatize to avoid needless losses to the Energy producers.

Vasai-Virar region of Palghar District in Maharashtra receives an ample rainfall every year of about 2300 mm. Due to the scarcity of ground water and scanty rainfall in the dry summer months in this region, this paper proposes a rain water harvesting scheme utilizing the roof of VIVA Institute of Technology as catchment area and then designing a reservoir and estimating the cost of the scheme so that the project can meet the water requirement of the Institute.

The treading technology of electric vehicle are all coming up with lithium ion batteries with increased capacity and ability to give more range. This paper investigate all the type of thermal insulation interface material with ability to absorb maximum and radiate minimum. Also cost estimating of all type of materials are discussed in this paper for helping in selection of appropriate material

The novel ideas of being a entrepreneur is a key for everyone to get in the hustle, but developing a idea from core requires a systematic plan, time management, time investment and most importantly client attention. The Time required for developing may vary from idea to idea and strength of the team. Leadership to build a team and manage the same throughout the peak of development is the main quality. Innovations and Techniques to qualify the huddles is another aspect of Business Development and client Retention.

The topic of assignment is a critical problem in mathematics and is further explored in the real physical world. We try to implement a replacement method during this paper to solve assignment problems with algorithm and solution steps. By using new method and computing by existing two methods, we analyse a numerical example, also we compare the optimal solutions between this new method and two current methods. A standardized technique, simple to use to solve assignment problems, may be the proposed method.

This study is focus on various two dimensional material for sensing various gases with theoretical view for new research in gas sensing application. In this paper we review various two dimensional sheet such as Graphene, Boron Nitride nanosheet, Mxene and their application in sensing various gases present in the atmosphere.

In this paper, the electrical power education curriculum is analysed from the viewpoint of the electrical power industry and from the viewpoint of young people that contemplate their future academic study. From the perspective of young people in industrialized countries contemplating their future and the possibilities of an academic study, the current curriculum in (power) engineering lacks attraction. The number of freshmen still shows a decreasing trend. This paper is aimed to be a contribution towards readjusting this trend.

A snake is the only reptile which has the ability to conquer harsh terrains like rock and sand with apparent ease. This project highlights the design, development and testing of a snake-like robot prototype. The snake robot offers high stability than any other wheeled devices. It simulates the serpentine motion of a snake and is controlled by the keyfob transmitter and receiver. The motion commands to snake robot are delivered by four button remote control. The brain of the snake robot is an Arduino microcontroller board which has a wireless camera connected with the board which is placed in the front head portion of the snake and therefore it possesses the ability to map and navigate in its surroundings and also to find the possibility of human life. The applications of these kinds of robots are mainly in space exploration, disaster management, surveillance, etc.

The paper presents an approach to design user friendly and fluid movements of a CNC machine to perform writing tasks. The design of proposed writing machine comprises both hardware and software. In this project the concept of converting textual matter into G-code is implemented. With the help of Inkscape software text is converted into G-code. The user needs to convert textfile into G-code and then feed it to the machine using universal G-code sender. Arduino Nano with Atmega328 microcontroller is used as the control device for this project. The microcontroller is used to convert the G-code into a set of machine language instruction which is sent to the motor driver of the CNC plotter.

Government Schemes in India are launched by the government to address the social and economic welfare of the citizens of this nation. These schemes play a crucial role in solving many socio-economic problems that beset Indian society, and thus their awareness is a must for any concerned citizen The whole idea of this project is to create platform which connect citizens to gov. and spread awareness of gov. scheme available based on their eligibility. Provide detailed information of scheme and complete instruction how to apply for it. Create back-end for easy management (change, add and remove) scheme database.

This project emphasis on design and fabrication of the water waste cleaning machine."Water cleaning machine" a machine which involves the removing of the water debris from water surface and safely dispose from the water body.The work has done looking at the current situation of our national rivers which are dumped with ton liters of sewage and loaded with pollutants ,toxic materials, Debris; It is hampering the life of aquatic animal and put their life in danger.A "Water cleaning machine" will lift the waste surface debris from the waste water bodies, This will ultimately result in reduction of water pollution and the aquatic life will be saved and our water resource will be cleaned.In this project we have used rechargeable batteries and mechanical parts which will not harm water bodies in any manner.

Traditionally after installing all the electronics on the circuit board part, a worker make sure the circuits are working properly. Motive is to build machines that can replace the repetitive function of Human and Test Electronic Circuit Performance using Computer Vision which is one of the advancements using machine learning. Printed circuit board (PCB) testing has been a critical process in electrical production industry to ensure product quality and reliability, reduce production costs and increase production. PCB testing involves the detection of errors on a PCB and the segmentation of those errors to identify the roots of errors. The proposed algorithm is broadly divided into five categories, feature detection and feature classification. The algorithm is able to perform tests even if the image is captured rotating, measuring and translating according to a template that performs algorithm rotation, scale and translation they are different. The newness of the algorithm is still at the beginning of analyzing the feature with its unique appearance as well firmness. In addition to this, the algorithm only takes 2,528 s to scan a PCB image. Performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by performing experiments on various PCB images and shows that the proposed algorithms suitable for automatic PCB view testing

Nowadays, due to rising growth in all sectors, be it in healthcare, infrastructure, finance, education, and logistics, etc. Even though in the era of smart technology constructors, builders are using the old-style method, i.e., usage of brochures by generating 2D sketches of project layout. Builders use these files to sell their construction sites like flats, buildings, or any property to clients by just showing them various floor Plans in multiple views, etc. This procedure aims to be unproductive and ineffective because it does not give a clear idea regarding how exactly the property will look like. Augmented Reality, as shifting to a new developing technology, it gives an entirely new outlook for development. The AR implementation offers many advantages for construction planning, which will help our customers to draw a clear view regarding the assets before making deals without actually visiting the sample flats. To develop an AR-based brochure as a development tool that will serve as an application to intelligently increase the clients by minimizing their efforts and easing their decisionmaking process and maximizing the complete efficiency.

E-waste is a huge problem in India. In my surroundings we have always noticed that people dispose their non-working or damaged tube lights, batteries, lamps, filament bulbs, electronic toys, routers, earphones etc. in general waste which is an incorrect method of disposal because it contains extremely hazardous and toxic metals and we also need to minimize the number of people getting exposed to damaged electronic equipment’s so to overcome this problem we wanted to ensure that the e-waste generated in household of India gets into the proper hands which can dispose, recycle and reuse effectively for this it became mandatory to make an e-waste vending machine where people will gather all the unused, damage equipment and dispose it into our machine for which they will be rewarded but because of rewards people should not dump any unwanted things like plastic, papers, stones so for that we have used the camera module which will take the image of an object which further will be predicted by ML model that the waste is electronic equipment and worth storing or no. We wanted to ensure that the system built by us will effectively collect the E-waste generated and we can reuse most of them for further process and it will also reduce the pressure on non-renewable resources which are used in production of various products as recycling can significantly decrease the demand for mining heavy metals and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from manufacturing virgin materials.

In todays world, a lot of innovation has been going on in the field of medicine and hospital management. But still waiting in the queue for case paper is everyday phenomenon. In hospital there are large patient’s data to handling such huge data is difficult some time data regarding patients is a lost too. So, to solve this problem we are developing the app which can access from anywhere and generate case paper and also print that paper using wireless printer in hospital. Our system will have face detection for direct login and case paper generating once registration of patient is done. It will automatically assign doctors available. So, it saves time and easy to use. The problem of data storage is solving by using MySQL database this store all the data for further use. Digital case paper is to be designed with user friendly interface which can beneficial to patients. Users must be able to get the information within a minute without wastage of time. The implementation of system is primarily as a means to improve the patient service. It provides the security of data and ensure data accuracy. It also minimizes manual data entry.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an ailment of the eye caused by diabetes. People suffering from diabetes can procure the disease. DR is caused when the high blood sugar level damages the blood vessels of the eye. Also due to high blood sugar level abnormal blood vessels can grow in the retina. This can make the patient lose its vision. Unfortunately, the symptoms of DR cannot be detected easily. The disease can grow increasingly if left untreated. Hence it becomes all the more important to detect DR. In this paper we have made use of Image processing Technique like canny edge detection to extract the features necessary to detect DR and find the severity of the disease. The features extracted from the image can be used to detect DR by various other methods like SVM, Logistic Regression, etc.

Whenyour computer isconnected to the Internet, you expose your computer to a variety of potentialthreats. The Internet isdesigned in such a waythat if you have access to the Internet, all other computers on the Internet canconnect to yourcomputer.Thisleavesyouvulnerable to variouscommonattacks. This isespeciallytroubling as severalpopular programs open services on your computer thatallowothers to view files on your computer! Whilethisfunctionalityisexpected, the difficultyisthatsecurityerrors are detectedthatalwaysallow hackers to attackyour computer with the ability to view or destroy sensitive information stored on your computer. To protectyour computer fromsuchattacksyouneed to "teach" your computer to ignore or resistexternaltestingattempts. The commonname for such a program is Firewall. A firewall is software thatcreates a secureenvironmentwhosefunctionis to block or restrictincoming and outgoing information over a network. These firewalls actually do not work and are not suitable for business premises to maintain information securitywhilesupporting free exchange of ideas. Firewall are becoming more and more sophisticated in the day, and new features are beingadded all the time, sothat, despitecriticism and intimidatingdevelopmentmethods, they are still a powerfuldefense. In thispaper, weread a network firewall thathelps the corporateenvironment and other networks thatwant to exchange information over the network. The firewall protects the flow of trafficthrough the internet and limits the amount of external and internal information and provides the internal user with the illusion of anonymous FTP and www online communications.

One of the major problems faced by this digital world is Data Security. Data Security plays an important role in the field of information technology. As there are large advancements in internet technology, there has been huge text as well as multimedia data transfer over the internet. The communication channel available for data transfer from the transmitter to receiver is highly insecure. As the security of electronic data is a major issue and to achieve high security and confidentiality, the public and the private sectors use different kinds of techniques and methods to protect the data from unauthorized users. Cryptography and Steganography are the most popular and widely used technologies for security. Cryptography is the art of hiding information by encryption and steganography is a technique to hides data in the cover medium. Cryptography hides the readable and meaningful contents of the data. And the existence of the data is hidden by the Steganography technique.

Virtual reality is a machinery by-way-of which consumer can interact inside three-3 atmosphere by mean of electronic appliance. Virtual reality (cyberspace) will provide interactive practice through the assistance of virtual reality gadgets like VR thick pair of goggles sensor gloves. with the help of this technology user are absorbed and connect to three-dimensional worlds without viewing physical in front of shop with this customer can feel and sense the product through virtual environment this will increase the buyer better understanding and provide better view about product as compared to Electronic-Commerce experience. This will benefitcustomer as well as seller of the product, consumer can view and sense it through the help Virtual reality gadgets at any place at any time. This research study fundamentally based how to improve E-shopping with the use cyberspace technology simulation. The idea involves making the e-shopping experience more intuitive, closer to the experience of visiting a real shop, and providing on-line three-dimensional interfaces for the entire process from shop design and product placement to customer experience analysis.

Cloudcomputingprovidesondemandservicestoitsclients.Datastorageisamongoneoftheprimaryservices providedbycloudcomputing.Cloudserviceproviderhoststhedataofdataownerontheirserverandusercan accesstheirdatafromtheseservers.Asdata,ownersandserversaredifferentidentities,theparadigmofdata storagebringsupmanysecuritychallenges.Anindependentmechanismisrequiredtomakesurethatdatais correctlyhostedintothecloudstorageserver.Inthispaper,wewilldiscussthedifferenttechniquesthatare usedforsecuredatastorageoncloud. Cloud computing is a functional paradigm that is evolving and making IT utilization easier by the day for consumers. Cloud computing offers standardized applications to users online and in a manner that can be accessed regularly. Such applications can be accessed by as many persons as permitted within an organization without bothering about the maintenance of such application. The Cloud also provides a channel to design and deploy user applications including its storage space and database without bothering about the underlying operating system. The application can run without consideration for on premise infrastructure. Also, the Cloud makes massive storage available both for data and databases. Storage of data on the Cloud is one of the core activities in Cloud computing. Storage utilizes infrastructure spread across several geographical locations.

Quantum Computer is a machine that is used for Quantum Computation with the help of using Quantum Physics properties. Where classical computers encode information in binary “bits” that can either 0s or 1s but quantum computer use Qubits. Like the classical computer, the Quantum computer also uses 0 and 1, but qubits have a third state that allows them to represent one or zero at the same time and it’s called “Superposition”. This research paper has presented the Basics of Quantum Computer and The Future of Quantum Computer. So why Quantum Computer can be Future Computer, Because Quantum Computer is faster than any other computer, as an example, IBM’s Computer Deep Blue examined 200 million possible chess moves each second. Quantum Computer would be able to examine 1 trillion possible chess moves per second. It can be 100 million times faster than a classical computer. The computer makes human life easier and also focuses on increasing performance to make technology better. One such way is to reduce the size of the transistor and another way is to use Quantum Computer. The main aim of this paper is to know that how Quantum Computers can become the future computer.

By doing ethnographic research, UX designers can reap several key benefits for making a long term, multi-legged UX strategy.Ethnography is an experiential research method which means that the researcher experiences the environment while observing it.Ethnography is a long-term engagement with a consumer cultural group, collecting data through observation, key informant interviews and textual material in their natural settings, and analyzing it using the worldview and understanding of cultural protocols used within the community. This research allows design-thinkers to develop and place a product within a community that aligns easily and fills a gap that can be understood only from within the group.The purpose of ethnographic research is to put yourself in the shoes of those you’re observing, get into their heads, understand their perspectives and expectations, and accurately record and share that gained knowledge in an objective way that you can then use to support design decisions later.You can do this through either: passive observation—as though you were a fly on the wall. active participation—by becoming a member of the team for a week and learning how to do the job—assuming you’ve got the prerequisite qualifications and experience.

In our day - to - day life we use wide range of products .The manufacturing and production of these products are done in many small scale and large scale industries. Arranging products manually make quality consistent issue. Nowadays, After manufacturing and production of the products the main difficulties are faced is the sorting of products. Arranging of products in an industry is a poor modern process, which is largely done physically

A robotic arm is a Programmable mechanical arm which copies the functions of the human arm. They are widely used in industries. Human robot-controlled interfaces mainly focus on providing rehabilitation to amputees in order to overcome their amputation or disability leading them to live a normal life. The major objective of this project is to develop a movable robotic arm controlled by EMG signals from the muscles of the upper limb. In this system, our main aim is on providing a low 2-dimensional input derived from emg to move the arm. This project involves creating a prosthesis system that allows signals recorded directly from the human body. The arm is mainly divided into 2 parts, control part and moving part. Movable part contains the servo motor which is connected to the Arduino Uno board, and it helps in developing a motion in accordance with the EMG signals acquired from the body. The control part is the part that is controlled by the operation according to the movement of the amputee. Mainly the initiation of the movement for the threshold fixed in the coding. The major aim of the project is to provide an affordable and easily operable device that helps even the poor sections of the amputated society to lead a happier and normal life by mimicking the functions of the human arm in terms of both the physical, structural as well as functional aspects.

The behavior of and structure with use of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites are summarized here in details. The research progress of friction and wear resistance properties as a tribological charaterstics of PEEK composites with modified by carbon fiber, other nano scale and micro-scales particles, are also summarized scopes for further future research ahead are put forward.

Design and development of Progressive tools for the sheet metal component is one important phase in sheet metal manufacturing. Sheet metal press working process by progressive tools is a highly complex process that is vulnerable to various uncertainties such as variation in progressive tools geometry, strip layout, die shear, material properties, component and press working equipment position error and process parameters related to its manufacturer. These uncertainties in combinations can induce heavy manufacturing losses through premature die failure, final part geometric distortion and production risk.

Just in Time has been a very popular operation strategy partly because of its success in Japanese industry. JIT is a methodologies used to enhance manufacturers’ competitiveness through inventory and lead time reduction. JIT implementation can involve a series of incremental steps and missteps, before the desired outcome is achieved. How many people in the automobile industry, manufacturing industry, and electrical industry can truly say that they have not heard about JIT? JIT implementation improves performance through lower inventory levels, reduced quality cost and greater customer responsiveness. This paper will examine the roll of a company’s resource. This paper present a literature review on a small manufacturing that altered its resources configuration from a producer- consumer relationship separated by a buffer, to a simultaneity constraint. The result of this paper shows that the removal of the buffer system increased the manufacturing system’s need for mix flexibility and indicates that JIT system is success full, and operating JIT system can lead to many advantages to the case company.

In this thesis we have proposed an HVAC system, which we have carefully selected and designed for an IT company, based on the blueprint which was provided. Our approach was to calculate the Heat Load of the whole floor which was dedicated for the IT company. We tried to closely observe every aspect of the floor or the company which can have an impact on our heat load calculation. The floor level, windows, number of rooms, partitions, the specific work has to be done in that compartment, the level of radiation, electronics, gadgets, sunlight entering from the windows, the time and duration of the outside heat and many more important factors we took into consideration. Based on our calculation we had to provide the best efficient system which can fulfill the needs and can assure the better Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and human comfort. The system which we selected for this particular IT company was VAV. Variable air volume (VAV) is a type of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, this VAV systems vary the airflow at a constant temperature.

The field of NDT is a very large and interdisciplinary field that plays a critical role in inspection of crucial component. These test may fail due to either the fault in the equipment used, the miss application of the methods or the However, these techniques generally require considerable operator skill and interpreting test results. This paper presents the reviews of different works in the area of NDT and tries to find out recent and trends available in industries and other fields in order to minimize the total equipment cost, minimize damages and maximize the safety of machines, structures and materials.

Miniaturization is proceeding in various types of industrial products. Micromachining is the foundation of the technology to realize such miniaturized products. A review of the literature, mostly of last 10years, that is enhancing our understanding of the mechanics of the rapidly growing field of micromachining has been provided. The paper focuses only on methods of micromachining process along with applications of major methods of micromachining.this paper gives you idea of current scenario of micromachining market of world along with its benefits and challenges.

Now-a-days the ultimate goal of all industries is to enhance productivity through simplified system and incremental improvements by applying some modern available techniques. At present, many manufacturing companies are facing problems such as high quality rejection, high inventories, high lead time, high costs of production, and inability to cope with customer orders. By implementing and practicing the lean production system many problems can be solved without employing high-tech and high-touch approaches but by involving people on the shop floor in Kaizen activities. For continuous improvement in an organization, Japanese philosophy Kaizen is very popular. Flawless concepts of Kaizen methodology and proper implementation of tools can lead to a successful kaizen program in a company. Kaizen is one of the powerful tools of lean manufacturing. Kaizen refers to continuous improvement in performance, cost and quality. Kaizen ensures that manufacturing processes become leaner and fitter, but eliminate waste (problem) where value is added. The main objective of this paper is to provide a background on kaizen, present an overview of kaizen concepts that are used to transform a company into a high performing lean enterprise.

In India, the growth of manufacturing depends largely on its productivity. Productivity depends upon many factors, one of the major factors are the portability and compactness along with the manufacturing efficiency with which the operations are carried out in the industry. Productivity can be improved by automation of machines and combining the different operations in a single machine etc. Drilling and boring are the major processes involves in manufacturing of most of the industrial as well as commercial products. In the large scale industry for performing the drilling and boring operations special, heavy duty machines are used but the down side of this machines are high initial as well as maintenance cost, large space, skilled workers etc. However, in case of small scale industry the scenario is completely different, because of lack of space, low capital investment, unskilled workers etc. they cannot afford heavy duty machines. In This paper, a system is proposed to simplify a drilling and boring operation by using a gear system and a simple mechanism incorporate in a single machine. The aim of this paper is to generate a new concept to combine and perform drilling and boring operation effectively and efficiently.

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy which focuses on customer satisfaction by improving the organisation performance through co-ordination of various processes in all the business units. The purpose of TQM is to provide quality product or service to the customer which in turn provides increased productivity at low cost. TQM is applicable to all manufacturing and service industries. It operates on the principle that cost of prevention is less than the cost of correction. This study focuses on TQM development, performance and sustenance in service industries through effective communication, critical success factors and market orientation. It examines the quality improvement through effective employee communication and the relationship between CSFs and company performance. The study suggests Deming’s Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle-based approach to develop and sustain TQM. It articulates the relationship between TQM and market orientation, in terms of both elements (practices) and performance. The study investigates the reasons for TQM failures and proposes guidelines for successful implementation of TQM.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is generally recognized as three-dimensional (3D) printing or rapid prototyping, which has evolved rapidly in numerous applications. In this review paper, recent major fundamentals and technology development in 3DP are reviewed, including its features and latest findings. Moreover, some potential applications in 3D printing are involved, followed by its typical applications, advance trend, and future perspective.

FSSW is an advanced and popular solid-state material welding method, which has achieved a different variety of popularity in service in industries and automotive. FSSW method (technique) is used for joining similar or dissimilar materials like aluminium, titanium, magnesium and copper alloys etc. This paper presents finite element modeling of friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process using Abaqus/Explicit as a finite element solver. Three-dimensional coupled thermal-stress model was used to calculate thermo-mechanical response of FSSW process. The various factors such as rotational speed, transverse speed and profile of the tool plays a very significant role in the joining quality of material using FSSW. The main target of this analysis is to observe the variation of tool profile and welding quality of Ti 6Al 4V alloy as the tool speed varies. Two Ti 6Al 4V were lapped and provided with support to the bottom of the plate known as a back anvil to constrain the motion. This is where we analyzed the material flow due to friction of heat generation in the weld zone. Ti 6Al 4V is one of the most commonly used materials and its applications, where low density and excellent corrosion is applied in a wide range of resistance, are necessary in industries such as aerospace industry and biomechanical, marine, chemical industries, gas turbine, etc.

Cryogenic treatment is supplementary thermal treatment done after conventional hardening process, wherein hardened material is further cooled till cryogenic temperatures which may range from -80°C to -196°C. In the case of various grades of steel, the cryogenic treatment process has proved to have improved mechanical properties significantly through conversion of retained austenite to martensite and refinement of grain structure of steel. However, the effect of cryogenic treatment on high hardness material like tungsten carbide is still in research and results are uncertain. Ongoing research have suggested that cryogenic treatment may result into improvement of hardness and wear resistance of tungsten carbide tools which in turn may improve tool life and efficiency of the cutting operation. But, the amount of improvement in properties majorly depends of various parameters of cryogenic treatments. This paper deals with reviewing various parameters of cryogenic treatment like cooling cooling rate, soaking temperature, soaking time, tempering temperature, tempering time and its effect on performance of tungsten carbide tool.

Tinning is the procedure of daintily covering sheets of fashioned iron or steel with tin, and the subsequent item is known as tinplate. The term is likewise broadly utilized for the diverse procedure of covering a metal with weld before binding. Tinplate is a slight steel sheet covered by tin. It has an amazingly lovely metallic brilliance just as fantastic properties in consumption obstruction, solderability, and weldability. Tinplate is utilized for making a wide range of holders, for example, nourishment jars, drink jars, 18-liter jars, and masterful jars. Its applications are not restricted to holders; as of late, tinplate has likewise been utilized for making electrical apparatus parts and numerous different items. Tin Free Steel (TFS) is created by applying electrolytic chromic corrosive treatment over steel sheets. This steel item was created to meet financial prerequisites, and exceeds expectations tinplate in paintability, paint bond, and economy. It is broadly utilized for making drink jars and 18-liter jars. It is likewise utilized for making photographic film cases and as a defensive material for optical fiber links. The principle reason for this paper is to give a diagram about the way toward assembling of tinplate in the wake of visiting a plant. Induction heating was first noted when it was found that heat was produced in transformer and motor windings, as mentioned in the Chapter “Heat Treating of Metal” in this book. Accordingly, the theory of induction heating was studied so that motors and transformers could be built for maximum efficiency by minimizing heating losses. The development of high-frequency induction power supplies provided a means of using induction heating for surface hardening. The early use of induction involved trial and error with built-up personal knowledge of specific applications, but a lack of understanding of the basic principles. Throughout the years the understanding of the basic principles has been expanded, extending currently into computer modeling of heating applications and processes. Knowledge of these basic theories of induction heating helps to understand the application of induction heating as applied to induction heat treating. Induction heating occurs due to electromagnetic force fields producing an electrical current in a part. The parts heat due to the resistance to the flow of this electric current.

The research is about the design and analysis of air conditioning system for comfort application in an I.T. Office Building located in Mumbai. The different types of air conditioning systems have been studied initially. The problem statement is provided by ISHRAE, that is; floor plans of the building. This is a new project, and so building envelope design is also left to the researchers. Air conditioning or HVAC systems are a major source of energy consumption in the building. So, it is necessary to design the right system of air conditioning and install energy efficient equipment. Initially the building envelope has been researched and selected, then cooling load calculations have been done. Based on the cooling demand a suitable air conditioning system is being researched, after which the equipment selection is done. Energy calculations and life cycle cost analysis has been done for the systems, and a suitable system has been selected for energy efficiency. Based on the research and analysis, VRF system is recommended for air conditioning of this IT office building.

A normal drill machine is commonly used for making holes on desired surface of the workpiece. In industries, the vertical drill machine is widely used for the purpose whereas when it cannot be used, at that time other types of drill machines are used. With the vertical drill machine we mostly makes perpendicular holes but with the use of jig and fixture or other attachment we can easily make holes at a desired angle on workpiece. So, knowingly the objective of project is to provide an alternate flexible system which can replace these thing with good performance and similar quality results with the help of CAD CAE. The project deals with designing, analysis and fabrication of multiangle drilling machine of each designed component with the existing system is modeled on SOLIDWORKS software and the analysis is done on ANSYS Workbench software and fabrication is carried out using various modification in drilling machine.

There are various technologies emerging from Aeronautics and Aerospace fields which results into different problems being solved yet there are some which will be very beneficiary in near future for military as well as for civil purpose. We as students are working on a problem which will benefit in our near future. In our project we are designing an electric propelled HDATV (heavy duty air transport vehicle) which utilizes VTOLtechnology. The aircraft which we are designing consists of fuselage with two nacelles at the end of high placed fixed wing and two horizontal stabilizers and a vertical stabilizer along with it. The fuselage and the nacelles are lifting bodies that are configured to jointly form an aerodynamic lifting body which cooperates with the horizontal stabilizer to provide aerodynamic lift to the aircraft in forward flight. The nacelles houses two propellers which are highly pitched and powered by the BLDC Motors operating in counter-rotating directions. The nacelles will be designed to perform tilting operation in the direction of flight whenever necessary. The aircraft will be unmanned and controlled via radio controller. The main aim of our project is to demonstrate the use of electric VTOL technology and to perform basic tasks like avoiding obstacles, to carry loads and to perform some air manoeuvres.

Fibre-reinforced polymer is a composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with Fibres. Factor which are mostly affecting resin bonding are Gel time and peak exothermic temperature which are different for different compounds. Since in Fibre reinforced glass plastic moulding all the raw material such as Fibre glass mat, resin, gel coat, catalyst, accelerator and pigment which are required for the production are constant. Since resin is the binder in Fibre reinforced glass plastic, resin can be considered as the key of the Fibre reinforced glass plastic moulding process. The factors on which resin depends are curing time, gel time, peak exothermic temperature and pot life. The main factors are curing time, gel time and peak exothermic temperature. Curing time, gel time, and peak exothermic temperature are different for different compound. Hence the only parameters that can be changed is catalyst and accelerator. Using different catalyst and accelerator may help in proper binding resin and hence it may result in a smaller number of unwanted defects which will ultimately lead to decrease the cost. Hence certain experiments have to be perform for getting the idea of effect of different catalyst, accelerator on resin.

The disc brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel. A brake disc (or rotor), usually made of cast iron or ceramic composite, is connected to the wheel and/or the axle. Friction causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop. Brakes convert friction to heat, but if the brake get too hot, they will cease to work because they cannot dissipate enough heat. This condition of failure is known as brake fade. This paper discusses the phenomenon of heat distribution on the brake disc during braking. Heat distribution on the brake disc is caused by kinetic energy changing into mechanical energy. Energy changes occur during the braking process due to friction between the surface of the disc and a disc pad. The temperature resulting from this friction rises high. Disc brakes are exposed to large thermal stresses during routine braking and extraordinary thermal stresses during hard braking. Structural and Thermal analysis is to be done on the disc brake. The materials used are Cast iron and finding the suitable material and also find the best geometric design. Structural analysis is done to verify the strength of the disc brake for applied loads. This is important to understand action force and friction force on the disc brake new material, how disc brake works more efficiently, which can help to reduce the accident that may happen in each day Thermal analysis is done to verify thermal properties like thermal gradient and thermal flux etc. Comparison can be done for displacement, stresses, thermal gradient etc. for the materials to check which material is best. ANSYS is general purpose finite element analysis (FEA) software package. Analysis of brake rotor includes Structural analysis and Steady state Thermal analysis for each design. A comparison between the existing brake rotors and proposed new design is carried out and based on the results the best design is found out by ANSYS software.

This paper deals with the design of Exhaust Gas Analyzer for measuring the concentration of contents in exhaust gas emissions from vehicles using MQ135 sensor along with Carbon Monoxide CO using MQ7 sensor. Measuring Exhaust gas emissions from vehicles is an essential element for bringing awareness in the people to take care of increase in pollution caused by vehicle emissions and to safeguard the environment. Based on this, Government of India had already implemented certain NORMS to vehicle emissions to reduce the pollution. We are trying to implement the Exhaust gas analyzer using the Bluetooth device to notify the user about their vehicle emissions, we can bring awareness to every individual about the harm from vehicle emissions causing to our environment by the implementation of our system. We have developed the system as user friendly system for convenient use by every individual .The Exhaust gas analyzer will measure the vehicle emissions or exhaust gases ,the output from sensors will be compare with the current or ongoing issued norms, the concentration of gases will be notified to user to aware the user for vehicle maintenance and flaw detection. Also, the cost of system is economically affordable for everyone.

The aim of this study is to do a analysis of and ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE and make calculations of analysis. The focus has been laid on the simplicity of design and its high performance. The design and development comprise of material selection, chassis and frame design, design of various components of power train, suspension and wheel assembly, braking system and steering system. During the entire design process, an innovative idea was always the primary goal. For performing a analysis, there is a need for a 3d model, for which we use SOLIDWORKS 2018. Its user friendly UI and feature packed software lets us design and make changes in the 3d model on the go. It also allows adding material specifications which is of utmost importance for analysis. Our vehicle dimensions are according to the BAJA SAE INDIA rule book. The main focus of the paper leans towards the durability of the vehicle for different materials uneven circumstances. Again this allows us to choose the material wisely, ex .Economically and most important the materials should reach the required standards of the ATV.

India is experiencing expansive growth in the fast-food sector. In most of the fast-foods, the use of boiled potatoes is seen in major quantity. But, the Potato peeling processes faces some numerous problems such as poor hygiene, more time consumption, etc. The main purpose of this paper deals with development of Peeling and smashing machine for boiled potatoes. The study of manufacturing is very important in order to carried out this project to ensure that everyone can understand on what are the needs to do and to help people easy to use. This paper involved the complete process of designing and fabrication of Boiled potato peeling and smashing machine using engineering concepts and marketing review. Methods and process involve in this paper like welding, perforating, shearing, cutting, drilling, riveting, etc. Generating a new concept of portable peeling and smashing machine for boiled potatoes is the main aim behind this paper. After all process had been done, this peeling machine may help us to understand the fabrication and designing process that involved in this paper.

The purpose of this study is to make an environment healthy, pollution free and depreciate animal atrocity for this we have to make an alternative thing such as it will be non-hazardous to environment so by being this some amount of nature will be pure. Using a cross-sectional analysis, this study analyzed that Dung is an available by product of livestock, farmer’s use them as a various way such as fuel, flooring, plastering of house and it has environmental value. Cows dung is used as a source of bio-fertilizer as it is very effective’s alternative to chemical fertilizers. Cow dung manure and vermicompost increase soil organic matter content, and this leads to amend water infiltration and water storage capacity as well as raised cation interchange capacity. Application of cow dung in proper and sustainable way which enhance productivity in long term and microbial population but also minimizes bacterial and fungal pathogenic diseases. This study definitively answers the question regarding environmental effects by designing a machine to address these characteristics. Our creativity idea and technical knowledge can afford low cost solution towards improvising livelihood options and their economic condition to enhance environmental value of dung in farmer’s life.

In India majorly, the transport is done by the trains. Hence, we have a large railway network spread throughout the country. Due to its large use maintenance of the railway track has to be done on a regular basis. Because of which, we have huge number of patrolling and monitoring staff workers in the Indian Railways. These workers have to travel a long distance onto the tracks to reach the site location. At places where there are no side roads on sideways of the railway track these workers have to walk to the site. Hence to provide them ease and helping them in reaching the site location quickly we have introduced this Railway Track Patrolling Bicycle, which is the modified version of railway bicycle currently in use. This bicycle will also help the workers to detect any type of crack on the railway tracks. The Track Pedal contains an ultrasonic sensor that will automatically detect the cracks on the track. This report gives you a brief introduction about the Track Pedal. It runs at maximum speed of 15 kmph. It weighs less than 30kg. The report contains literature review in detail. The report also explains about the problem statement of the project. The main objectives of this project is also listed in the report. The appropriate solution to the problem statement is been provided in the proposed methodology chapter. The report contains various figures including some CAD model image which give the complete visualization of the project. Finally, the conclusion of the project is covered in the last chapter. At the end there is a list of references from where the important information it is been collected.

In recent years, numerous large-scale seawater desalination plants have been built in water-stressed countries to augment available water resources, and construction of new desalination plants is expected to increase in the near future. Despite major advancements in desalination technologies, seawater desalination is still more energy intensive compared to conventional technologies for the treatment of fresh water. There are also concerns about the potential environmental impacts of large-scale seawater desalination plants. Here, we review the possible reductions in energy demand by state-of-the-art seawater desalination technologies, the potential role of advanced materials and innovative technologies in improving performance, and the sustainability of desalination as a technological solution to global water shortages.

There are too many technologies involved in today’s Agriculture, out of which spraying pesticides using drones is one of the emerging technologies. Manual pesticide spraying causes many harmful side effects for the personnel involved in the spraying process. Birth defects, cancers, genetic changes, blood and nerve disorders, endocrine disturbance, coma, and death are also potential side effects of exposure. The World Health Organization estimates that one million cases of disease have been affected by the manual spraying of pesticides in the crop field. This paved the way to design a drone mounted with spraying mechanism having 12 V pump, 2 Litre storage capacity tank, 4 nozzles to atomize in fine spray , an hex copter configuration frame ,suitable landing frame, 6 Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors with suitable propellers to produce required thrust about 12 KG(at 100% RPM) and suitable Lithium Polymer (LI-PO) battery of current capacity 8000 MAH and 14.4 V to meet necessary current and voltage requirements. This pesticide spraying drone cuts down on pesticide application time, labour, and expense. By adjusting the flow discharge of the pump, this sort of drone may also be used to spray disinfectant liquids over houses, water sources, and densely populated areas. The Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) reduces the direct handling of pesticides by human beings and helps to protect them from any injury which will give to them by pesticides. Also, the entire area chosen by the drone is sprayed and covered very well. There are many processes to fabricate a UAV for the use of agricultural activities. The processes like drilling, CNC milling,3D printing are required to fabricate the above model.

This study is an approach to investigate the viable impacts of Grub screw manufacturing. Due to increase in demand of grub screw in industry it leads the manufacturer to upgrade the exiting process of manufacturing the grub screw. A method and apparatus for manufacturing a screw capable of mass-producing a multiple screw bolt such as a so-called grub screw, grinding and slotting for use therein. By making the existing machine semi automatic to increase the production rate as well as to reduce the man power required for the production process. Grub screw manufacturing process consists of COLD FORGING, SLOTTING, GRINDING and ROLL THREADING. Slotting machine cuts the slot on the top of screw head. The feeding mechanism demands human effort causing slow production rate and time consuming process. To eliminate this we come up with semi-automatic bowl feeder. As similar problem is faced in the grinding process we decided to combine the slotting and grinding machine into one. This project is focused on increasing the production rate with minimal man power by consuming less amount of time compared with the existing process. For this purpose, an optimized design of existing machine is made consisting of cost effective & quality materials.

In the present age, there are a lot of improvement in precision agriculture for augmenting the crop productivity. Especially, in the developing countries like India, more than 70% of the rural people depends upon the agriculture fields. The agriculture faces striking losses due to the diseases. These diseases came from the pests and insets, therefore productivity of crops is attenuated. Pesticides and fertilizers are used to eradicate the insects and pests in order to enhance the crop quality. The WHO (World Health Organization) estimated as one million cases of ill effected, when spraying the pesticides in the crop filed manually. The Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) – aircrafts are used to spray the pesticides to avoid the health problems of humans when they spray manually. UAVs can be used easily, where the equipment and labors difficulty to operate. This paper reviews briefly the implementation of UAVs for pesticide spraying.Various parameters like temperature, humidity, rain, etc affect the production rate of crops. Which are natural factors and not in farmers control. The field of agriculture is also depends on some of factors like pests, disease, fertilizers, etc which can be control by giving proper treatment to crops. Pesticides may increase the productivity of crops but it also affects on human health. The Exposure effects can range from mild skin irritation to birth defects, tumors, genetic changes, blood and nerve disorders, endocrine disruption, coma or death. This research paper will show how UAVs can reduce human efforts in various operations of agriculture like spraying of pesticides, spraying of fertilizers, etc. Where dense and very tall rows of crops are in place it is difficult to quickly access centrally located crops on foot or by land vehicle without damaging some crops in the process, but these areas can be safely and rapidly over flown by light weight drone aircraft with no damage to crops.In this research paper we propose a design of the model, which will spray fertilizers and pesticides which can be controlled by remote controller. The model will be a Hexacopter UAV with spraying mechanism. The frame of Hexacopter will be made of Hollow Aluminium pipe with carbon fibre rods inside it which will make the frame light weight and the strength of frame will increase. The arms of Hexacopter are foldable hence the drone becomes compact in size. The spraying mechanism consist of a 2L tank, pump and 4 nozzles for effective spraying, resulting in convenience to the farmers.

As Global competition hikes, Quality become the highest priority in today manufacturing world. Competitiveness, innovation and performance are the key words that best define the goals of this business environment. Under the given circumstance concepts like quality and continuous improvement become important actors in achieving these goals. These programs were instituted within the 1980s and early 1990s as response to the “economic growth and manufacturing dominance of Japanese industries”. Most of these programs, are “Just-in-Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), KAIZEN, Poka-yoke” were based partly on the tenets and results of the Toyota Production System (TPS) that was established in an evolutionary manner since the 1950s through the work of W. Edwards Deming and Taiichi Ohno. for many years, TQM has been a dominant management concept for improving competitiveness and financial results. In recent years, however TQM seems to have lost variety of its nimbus with other concepts and approaches like Lean Enterprise and Six sigma launched and increasingly stylish. These aims of this paper is to clarify that sigma could also be alternative for its predecessor i.e. TQM and their similarities and differences to sort out whether the two ideas truly are various dishes or contain the indistinguishable fixings in various.

Energy demand in this era has increased which led us to go for renewable energy sources; Solar energy with this respect can fulfill the energy demand. This paper aims at review of the existing floating solar plants worldwide with respect to their capacity. Floating solar plants can save the area for generation. Limitations to such power plant are land availability, land development & land acquisition, substation capacities, evacuation also timely clearances for the project on land and évacuation. These are hurdles for completion of the project. Most of the locations projected by the government considering solar radiation data in the country are hot and dry regions. Though at these locations the radiation appeared to be higher, the energy yield of these points is less due to heating of the solar panels and higher temperature of the surface of solar cells. To overcome these problems an innovative idea has come in front for installation of solar power plants on the water that is canal top, water bodies, lakes, dam backwater and reservoirs, which generally belongs to the government. This paper reveals review regarding the floating solar PV power plants installed in the world.

It is observed that the task of installing cable or internet wires from one building to another is very tedious, less precise, and also a bit risky. Usually, this task is carried out using a simple rope and ball mechanism i.e at one end of the rope is a ball tied and at the other end is the wire to be transported. Now the ball is thrown to the destination with the rope equal to the distance between two buildings and as the ball reaches the destination the rope is pulled along the wire. Thus we can see this entire process is very long and less precise. To make this task simple and overcome all these problems we have proposed a mechanical device called as ‘LDOT Gun’ i.e Larger Distances Objects Transporting Gun which simply works on the principle of air pressure i.e pressurized air filled in the gun when released helps the object reach up to its destination with the help of ball and rope attached at the nose of the gun. This gun not only transports wires from one elevation to another but also transports other heavy objects. Also, this device is easy to use and quite affordable making the task precise and eradicating all the risk factors.

An impeller, according to present invention which consist of hub and at least one blade supported by the hub . In this study, turbulent flow fields in a vessel stirred by a lily impeller will be investigated. The resultant turbulence will be numerically predicted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Turbulence models will be developed using ANSYS solver. The Lily Impeller will be designed based on the original design of Jay Harman, by making changes on its parameters like length/ height of Impeller, angle of blades and also number of blades. We will simulate the impeller action in the vertical and horizontal planes of the stirred fluid volume. Velocity profiles generated from the simulations will be used to predict and compare the performance of the different lily impellers with different parameters and most optimum designs will be finalized. To validate the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, the simulation results will be compared with experimental results from existing work and most satisfactory design will be choosed. The final impeller will be able to provide better turbulence characteristics that would improve the quality of mixing systems.

Airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via air-conditioning systems poses a significant threat for the continued escalation of the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Considering that SARS-CoV-2 cannot tolerate temperature above700C, here we are designing and fabricating efficient filter based on heated nickel (Ni) foam to catch and kill SARS-coV-2. The virus can remain in the air for about three hours, a filter can kill the virus almost instantly. According to the study, published in journal Materials today Physics, 99.8 percent of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 was caught and killed by single pass through a novel Ni- Foam-based filter when heated up to 2000C. In addition, the same filter was also used to catch and kill 99.9 percent of Bacillus anthracis, an airborne spore. This study paves the way for preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other highly infectious airborne agents in closed environments. Air filters are common enough daily items, familiar to anyone who has ever used an air conditioner on a hot summer’s day, but scientist clarified that a common air filter cannot kill the SARS-CoV-2 as well as other highly infectious airborne viruses. Hence This project is about designing and fabricating the catch and kill air filter to help essential workers are at elevated risk of exposure mainly at schools, health care facility, hospitals etc. by providing them safety. This project will help people to buy air filters with lower cost and highest safety during this pandemic.

The renewable energy is the requirement of today’s life. The demand of energy increases day by day. As there is high, demand for energy the use the fossil fuel increase with the same. As a result, we are running out of resources. Many researchers, common people, scientist working on the renewable energy. Most of them are focusing on solar energy. It is because the solar energy is available in large amount and it will not end. In the last few years, many people, researchers have studied solar energy and it shows that there has been a huge increase in the use of solar energy and solar equipment. We can say that the solar energy is the future of our life. This paper focused mainly on the growth of the solar energy

As we all know, in our day-to-day life we are not getting proper nutrition, by this we are facing some problems in musculoskeletal system which includes the bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles that ae so essential to movement and everyday life. And by sitting for longer period at your working desk most of us had been experienced swelling problem in muscles, so to get rid of these problems we just cool down that body parts with the ice cubes or if we are facing muscle strain while playing a lot on ground due to this, we are facing muscle pain for treating that muscle pain we just put our body parts in hot water or after the surgery, for reducing the pain we mostly buy heating pads just to reduce that pain. In short, we are using different natural remedies for this different pain. So, to overcome these problems of using various remedies to cure the pain or swelling we have come up with an idea of therapeutic pad which can solve our both problems in just one pad so no need to do different remedies for different pains. Our therapeutic pad works on peltier module and this module works on peltier effect. This device is designed for cooling objects to below the ambient temperature or maintaining objects at a specific temperature by controlled heating or cooling. Peltier module contains two external ceramic plates separated by semiconductor pellets. One of this plate absorbs heat (Becomes Cooler) and the other plate dissipates heat (Becomes Hotter). Effect of heating and cooling is based on the direction of current amount of heat to be transferred through a peltier module for the cold side to the hot side is denoted Q and is specified in watts. It should be understood that peltier module do not possess the ability to absorb thermal energy. Peltier module only transfer thermal energy and the energy begin transferred will need to be dissipated on the hot side of the module. In our therapeutic pad, we have used step down transformer for getting required current, Bridge rectifier for converting AC to DC and Capacitor for reducing fluctuations from the current and relay we have used for controlling current through the circuit. Also, we have used total four peltier module and heat sinks for getting proper heat. The material we are using is glass fabric which is current suitable material for our therapeutic pad. Our pad is two in one pad for cooling as well as heating as per our requirements. System we have designed is very compact. It is very easy to use and its cost effective. Also, it works fast so we don’t need to bare the pain for longer time. This is our therapeutic pad made by our group members under the guidance of project in charge. .

This paper reports on a study aiming at comparing mechanical and structural properties of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy of grade 5 welded by TIG and MIG welding. To achieve this motive titanium alloy plates of thickness 5mm were welded using tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) and metal Inert gas welding (MIG). Mechanical properties, microstructure, residual distortions and welded geometry of the joints produced with TIG and MIG welding were analyzed. TIG and MIG are generally two most commonly used welding on titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). Welding is done by using filler material ERTi5. Tn all 18 specimens were tested for determining different properties of titanium alloy out of which 9 specimens were welded using TIG welding and the other 9 by using MIG welding. At the specimens were welded at different welding parameters such as by varying current, voltage, gas flow rate, depth of weld, welding speed, etc. and after testing each specimen for various mechanical properties results are obtained. Taguchi methodology was used to conduct the experiments and analysis of results obtained from welded joints.

In recent times, manufacturing industries have shown more interest towards Automation. In other words, the industries today emerge with evolving technology. It is obvious that Industrial Automation streamlines the operations in terms of speed, reliability and product output. In this thesis, welding fixture for two wheeler steering handle is modeled using CATIA software, forces are calculated, and an analysis has been carried out in the precisions placing of one circular component over another circular component during the welding process. Welding circular rod over another circular rod, the possibility of maintaining the accuracy in placing of curved surfaces is very less in the mass production. Here the difficulty is overcome by the new design of the fixture, and the angle as well as the linear movements is maintained in the accuracy of 0.1 mm without any robots. In the field of welding engineering where a consistently good quality, low cost with a maximum productivity is a must, this accuracy canbe done by without automation. Welding fixtures are available in different size, shapes, materials and mechanisms based on their need of operations. The precision of the fixture play a major role in the manufacturing component. Batch production is the commonly used method in various small and large industries. Welding a curved surface over an another curved surface is very challenging so is positioning the components. In mass production, positioning a job takes significant amount of time due to manual process. To overcome this challenge, theoretical approach has been carried out on the fixture like design fabrication and analysis.

This paper will summarize the authors´ experience over the last decades, from new methods developed and used within Product Development, as well as current trends. Hence, a general and broad overview is presented, rather than recent research results. Driving forces in PD are: Technology, Market and Society. Ecological, economic and social sustainability require recycling, reuse, energy conservation and new business concepts. Customization is carried out by modular architecture, combining customer specific products with volume production of components and sub-systems. PD integrates “hard” properties (engineering), with “soft” properties (industrial design). Fundamental PD characteristics are: Iteration, Integration (technical and organizational), and Innovation. Globally distributed industrial partners co-operate using Internet. Iteration: modeling/simulation, virtual prototyping and additive manufacturing speed up process loops. Structured PD: Initial specification of “what” – functional requirements, then “how” - generation of design solutions. Interdependencies analysis is important to simplify the product´s structure. The V-model for specification and verification is commonly used. A 3-stage industrial process separates strategy, core technology development, and product design for market introduction.

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the optimization and the effect of the cutting parameters on Material Removal Rate (MRR) in Plasma Arc Cutting (PAC) of EN-45A Material using Taguchi L 16 orthogonal array method. Four process variables viz. cutting speed, current, stand-off-distance and plasma gas pressure have been considered for this experimental work. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been performed to get the percentage contribution of each process parameter for the response variable i.e. MRR. Based on ANOVA, it has been observed that the cutting speed, current and the plasma gas pressure are the major influencing factors that affect the response variable. Confirmation test based on optimal setting shows the better agreement with the predicted values.

Combustion takes place & produces alittle explosion inside the piston cylinder, which converts into energy. We all know IC-Engines are utilized in Automobiles, Aero plane etc. But incomplete combustion generates some harmful gasses, which is main reason for pollution. Science & Technology has been taken many steps for controlling pollution. Like, using CNGs & LPGs rather than Fossil fuels.. Now technology brings Electrical bikes, scooters & cars. Battery of electrical vehicle can be charged easily like mobile. They have less running cost & 100% emission free. But they need very less load carrying capacity & they are also not suitable for long run. So basically, we must prefer Engines for more power & more running capacity. Here we have introduced a mechanism which has more load carrying and running capacity then electric vehicles but make zero emission or pollution. And Introducing Solenoid engines to the world is important as by seeing the current growing electrical automobile market obviously their will a huge demand for the Induction motors as well which in turn will make the traditional IC engine deplict. So, to see the engines in future we have to make some changes in the Tradition Engines. Solenoid engines is a step in the same direction.

The wheelchair is constructed in such a way that it can be passed over uneven surfaces easily. In this wheelchair one cart can be connected to other and both can travelled simultaneously. This wheelchair is designed to reduce the risk for wheelchair depending in adult pomper patients by Enzyme replacement therapy. In this wheelchair it is designed in such a way that a lifting platform device for raising or lowering of a wheelchair is provided. In this wheelchair The main objective of this system is to identify user perspectives on the issues that impact the quality of the daily lives of ventilator, assisted individuals living in the community. This wheelchair is designed in such a way that we don’t need help of hands to move it. The egocentric computer vision based co-robot wheelchair so that the patient dosen’t need the hands to move the wheelchair.

The project defines the problem faced by the workers in powder coating industries. Powder coating is a process by which electrostatically charged powder is applied on to an earthed object. The health effects that a worker may experience following exposure to a hazardous chemical can become apparent after a short period of time, and includes headaches, nausea or vomiting, dizziness, burns to skin and eyes an irritation to the nose, throat and lungs. Long term health effects include asthma, dermatitis, kidney or liver damage, cancer and central nervous system. The solution for the factors affecting the worker’s health and life, should provide the proper protective equipment. Our design approach provides proper ventilated respiratory system to the person wearing personal protective equipment, with air purification by providing the filters which will purify the air pumped inside the kit.

Value stream mapping is that lean manufacturing tool which helps to improve the productivity for the area through its detailed mapping. It is the visualize tool which describes the current state map followed by lean techniques resulting into the final state map that aiming at reduction of the non-value added activities throughout its phase. One of the most appropriate ways to emerge the productivity for the particular area is through Lean Manufacturing. This paper illustrates the VSM techniques and its benefits in stainless steel utensils manufacturing industry The purpose of this paper is to highlight the effective utilization of the VSM tools for process and productivity improvements.

In this fabrication of project, we will mainly focusing on problems facing by the many operators is that they have to use larger machine to manufacture a small wood work piece, which consume more electricity and expensive. Which in turn increase the cost of work piece, due to it size less space remain vacant and annually worldwide 30,000 incidents take places injury related mainly include hand and fingers. To overcome all this problem mention above we have discuss and fabricating the portable table saw which can almost solve all the problem mention earlier. As it will be smaller in size so it will not take large space so it can be adjust at many shelves, This project will uses a dc motor of 12 v which consume less electricity which will solve the problem of high electricity consumption. The operators will afford this table saw as it supporting frame will made from wood and will sustain considerable amount of weight and we will make as compact as possible. This machine will increase the productivity as it is easy to operate. This machine is beneficial and will be affordable to all who will perform wood operation. This machine will also reduce the risk factor as it will be much safer if use properly.

The use of titanium materials in some sections of mass-produced automobiles and in the aerospace sector has increased recently.Titanium materials however, are distinguished by difficult surface roughness, high melting point, dimensional stability, good thermal expansion, and high oxygen reactivity, overshadowing traditional production methods. To this purpose, the need for more advanced methods for the development of low-cost titanium materials is pressing. For the manufacture of titanium materials, many joining methods have been considered over the years. However, due to its efficiency, high specific heat input, and efficiency, laser beam welding offers an effective alternative for titanium welding. To present, the strength of the laser-welded titanium materials can be close to the original material under optimum operating conditions; some processing issues, such as lower elongation and shock resistance combined with lower fatigue properties, are still present. The laser beam welding on titanium materials is checked in this research work. There are also various types of parameters tested, such as nozzle size, focal length, pulse frequency and pulse duration. Experiment design is applied using the Taguchi method design method. The research will be carried out after the design of the experiment using the Taguchi Process, and the optimum result will be chosen.

This paper aims at developing a mechanism for easy and quick packaging of foodgrains or oils without being spilled out of the package. The need for such a system arises from requirements in our society wanting to have a packaging system that will pack the foodgrains more efficiently. The mechanism consists of screw conveyor as one of the component used for transferring the bulk from one place to another. The geometry of an Archimedes/Conveyor screw is governed by certain external parameters (its outer radius, length, and slope) and certain internal parameters (its inner radius, number of blades, and the pitch of the blades). The external parameters are usually determined by the location of the screw and how much bulk or liquid is to be lifted. The internal parameters, however, are free to be chosen to optimize the performance of the screw. In this report the inner radius and pitch that maximize the volume of foodgrains or liquid lifted in one turn of the screw are found. The optimal parameter values found are used in the design of modern Archimedes screws.

Smartphones and multiple electronic gadgets have become a daily necessity for our life as we have created a huge interdependency on gadgets. Introduction of the electronic gadgets with multiple features have made our lifestyle easier and faster. Smartphones are the most importance and widely used electronic gadget and it can be observe that every new day brings a better innovation in its manufacturing. Along with the innovation In the smartphone, we need a major innovation in its charging methods. In the initial days of the mobile phone manufacturing, its chargers used to work on the constant current supply system. After few years the next generation chargers came with the constant voltage system and the next major update was the introduction of the constant current And constant voltage charging system, which was used for a larger period of time. When the competition in the field of innovation incremented massively, smartphone brands focused on making there smartphone charging rate faster than others and they started using the microcontrollers for increasing there charger’s output. There are multiple smartphone brands with there own different charging technologies like DASH, TURBO, VOOC etc. These charging technologies works on there full potential when connected to The devices which support those technology’s communication. When we connect these high power output chargers to the devices which doesn’t support its communication Style , the charger doesn’t supply the power with the full potential even if the device is capable of handling the load. There is a need for a charger which doesn’t have the compatibility issues with any kind of devices which require the power input between The range of power output supplied by the charger. There is the need for the charger with the wide range of power supply that can charge a earpiece to smartphone. In our Auto Power Adjustable charger’s proposed methodology , we are considering all the above parameters to create a universal charger, which can be used to charge any type of device in its output range. We will add an extra circuit which will be responsible for the feedback from the device’s battery for analysing the required power output . We will supply the exact amount of power which is required by the device and it will minimize the chances of the damage on the less powered batteries. The test results are showing the positive responses till the date . Arduino is the major component , which is responsible for the decision making in the regulation of the power output. Here we can conclude that our charger can eliminate the chances of the damage on the battery and it can supply the power output of a wide range.

The study deals with the design and development of a mechanism to lift the wheelchair to carry the person to the podium. This project evaluates the design and analysis of industrial scissor lift. In this project, the lifting mechanism is used in which the platform is lifted vertically with the help of scissor mechanism. The main objective of the scissor mechanism is to reach the desire height or level. The design is developed by keeping in mind that the lift can be operated by mechanical means by using a linear actuator so that the overall cost of the scissor lift is reduced. In this case, the design of the lift works with electric power. Also, such design can make the lift more compact and much suitable for medium scale work. Scissor lifts, a staple of mechanical design, especially in competitive robotics, is a type of linkage that can be used to raise a load to some height, when acted upon by some force, usually exerted by the linear actuator. The position of this actuator, however, can affect the mechanical advantage and velocity ratio of the system. Hence, there needs to be a concrete way to analytically compare different actuator positions.

A parametric experimental study for producing paving blocks using fine and coarse waste glass is presented. Some of the physical and mechanical properties of paving blocks having various levels of fine glass (FG) and coarse glass (CG) replacements with fine aggregate (FA) are investigated. The test results show that the replacement of FG by FA at level of 20% by weight has a significant effect on the compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the paving blocks as compared with the control sample because of pozolanic nature of FG. The compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the paving block samples in the FG replacement level of 20% are 69%, 90%, 47% and15 % higher as compared with the control sample respectively. It is reported in the earlier works the replacement of FG by FA at level of20% by weight suppress the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in the concrete. The test results show that the FG at level of 20% has potential to be used in the production of paving blocks. The beneficial effect on these properties of CG replacement with FA is little as compared with FG.

There are lots of reasons for death of human being. The major cause is due to accidents. Accidents can be of many types like earthquake, tsunami etc. The accidents cause by natural calamities is not in our control. The amount of road accidents is more comparative to other ones. India is country where the death rate due to road accidents is more. In future, lots of highways will be constructing in India. In India temperature changes rapidly which causes cracks to roads leading to failure of road. These problems are solved out by following remedy. By watering the road every day and by spraying air on it, the road can be reuse within few hours. This is easy and quick method of watering of roa

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the coronavirus2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, many countries have declared a complete national lockdown after a remarkable spike in COVID 19 cases. These decisions have restricted the movement of people and resulted in a complete shutdown of many businesses across many sectors. The construction industry, as a significant growth driver of the economy with no exception, has also been completely shut down. All the developments and projects were postponed until further notice. It is, therefore, a prudent to address the impact of the pandemic at the outset and end of the crisis to prepare for any future possibility and gain lessons for plans. This study aims to investigate the effect of COVID 19 on the construction industry’s survival. The impacts and fallout have been determined and evaluated through the recruitment of construction experts and practitioners. The impacts have been classified into different groups which include economic, human resources. The study implied two methods include exploratory interviews and questionnaire surveys. The study found the most prominent impacts of COVID 19 are the suspension of projects, labour impact and job loss, time overrun, cost overrun, and financial implications. The findings of this study shed light on the consequences of the sudden occurrence of pandemic and raise awareness of the most critical impacts which can’t be overlooked. The findings also help project stakeholders to realise the sequences of the sudden epidemic and prepare for the worst-case scenario during the planning stage of the construction projects.

The population growth in India is immense. Accordingly, the water supply amount is enormous which, in return generates large amounts of wastewater. One such region is the Palghar Boisar region whose population growth according to calculations will sky rocket. But the amount of sewage treatment plants present is only one for a particular area. So, to combat this we decided to construct another Sewage treatment plant per another area. In this project we will discuss the population growth of the region, design parameters, the method selection for design, introduction and the complete design of a sewage treatment plant for Tarapur MIDC. The treatment procedure has been developed to treat sewage and reuse the water for various purposes like water to gardening, toilet flushing, farming and other requirements for Sewage treatment plant, Tarapur MIDC.

This review paper involves the study of various aspects of analysis and design of multi storey car parking by using STAAD. Pro. Structural designing requires a detailed structural analysis on which the design of the structure is based. But it is not always possible to do in manual calculation hence the need for programming tools was found. For which several of power tools were formed, among which the most widely used one is STAAD. Pro, which allows the structural and seismic analysis prior to its construction. For high rise buildings its quite feasible to use STAAD. Pro for computing the loads and its combination and analysing the structure and designing the structure based on the analysis.

Risk management can be directly related to the successful project completion as it is very much essential. Project management literature describes a detailed and widely accepted risk management process, which is constructed basically from four iterative phases: risk identification, risk estimation, risk response planning and execution, often managing the risk management process is included. Construction project planning is an essential element in the management and execution of construction projects which involves the definition of work tasks and their interactions as well as the assessment of required resource sand expected activity durations. The study, therefore, examined the awareness of professionals in construction industry of the various types of planning techniques and tools used on construction sites, Questionnaires were administered on selected building professionals (Project Managers, Engineers, Architects), and Contractors and Sub-contractors directly involved in construction work on sites in planning and the use of planning tools and techniques as major tools for successful project execution

Vermifiltration units are sludge-free, noise-free and low- or no-electricity-requiring systems of operation. The aim of this study was to emphasize wastewater treatment by vermifiltration technology using waste-eater earthworms to highlight the benefits of clean and nutritive vermifiltered water (vermiaqua) uses in agriculture to the farmers. They work on natural capacity of earthworms to treat wastewater from different sources. In view of rising concern about pollution of water bodies due to discharge of waste in them, it is necessary to initiate alternative thinking as conventional methods through STPs (Sewage treatment Plants) have had limited success. In recent years the application of specifically designed filtration based technology (popularly known as Vermifiltration technology) for treatment of wastewater municipal, urban and agricultural, is becoming widely acceptable. It treats the wastewater in natural manner without the use of chemicals. In short, Vermifiltration technology is an improved filtration system for treatment of wastewater. The main objective of present research work is to provide and popularize a simple, feasible, practically sound, eco-friendly and cost effective technology for wastewater treatment. Vermifiltration technology is such a type of system, which reduces the impact of sewage and converts into useful water for gardening and irrigation purpose.

A Partial Replacement of Reinforcement by Bamboo project is to design and built the structure that uses bamboo as structural alternative to steel in order to replicate the shear strength and load bearing capabilities that traditional rebar provide for concrete structure while minimizing cost. The demand of steel reinforcement is high as compare to its production. Furthermore, unlike steel rebar bamboo is an abundant natural resources and it is fastest growing plant in the world. The aspect makes it cheap and easy to access on site. It is economical process. Estimated cost of bamboo reinforced concrete structure is less as compare to steel reinforcement. The present project compare to the cost of concrete structure using bamboo as a reinforcing material with the conventional method and evaluate the feasibility of using bamboo as a potential reinforcement in place of steel the project attempt to develop modular design of concrete structure for different income groups of people.

The landslide consists of rock wedge threatening two roads which are important for local transportation. The present work encompasses all the components of an early warning system, including the geological knowledge, the risk scenarios, the kinematic characterization of the landslide, the choice and installation of the monitoring system, the setting of appropriate alarm levels and the de?nition of plans of civil protection. The focus is on practical and logistical issues met in all these phases and the counter-measures adopted. At present the system consists in 13 wire extensometers, 1 thermometer, 1 rain gauge and 3 cameras. Should a velocity threshold be exceeded by two or more sensors, the attention level would be entered, causing improved monitoring and surveillance. In case the behaviour of the landslide changes and, by using expert judgment and forecasting methods, an imminent failure is hinted, then an alarm is issued and the upper road is closed.

India is a peninsular country three sides covered with water. It faces a heavy monsoon season that causes large scale destruction throughout the country. Perennial rivers such as Ganga, Brahmaputra, etc. always causes flooding in north India and cyclones and heavy monsoon are the reason for flood in southern parts of India. India is the one of the vulnerable country for climatic change. It should work to provide flood proof, safe and affordable structures for all citizens. For centuries, the coastline has been the focus for variety of activities including industries, agriculture, recreation and fisheries. All the major cities in India have developed along the coastline. Over the past centuries, the sea level increased nearly eight inches in the coastal area and the scientists suggest a constant increase in sea level due to climatic change. There are two major factors for sea level rise, melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of ocean. These factors are the result of global warming which cannot be changed easily. The sea level rise will have multiple impacts like migrating from coastal areas, frequent flooding, erode beaches; the net result will be migration from this densely populated areas. This report will explore and documents the various ways of protecting and creating a sustainable living environment for seaside and riverside residents. This will document the projection sea level rise and in change in climate will increase the frequencies of flood. This dissertation will answer the questions like “How can a structure sits in ground can survive during floods?” The techniques to provide low flood residents Amphibious housing functioning both in land and water. Amphibious Architecture is cost effective and safe alternative for permanent static elevation and it is achieved by buoyant foundations.

Recycling of Grey water generated from different industries by using the natural filter materials and making the water reusable for sanitary and irrigation purposes. The aim is to reduce the costly recyclable process of grey water to its minimum cost, hence making it suitable for village and low-income areas when such water can be treated at place with less cost and by achieving almost same quality of water. In view of rising concern about pollution of water bodies due to discharge of waste in them, it is necessary to initiate alternative thinking as conventional methods through Sewage treatment Plants have had limited success. In Rural areas we have some natural materials which can purify the water if used properly. In recent years many techniques by using such natural filters for purifying Grey water had came up. It treats the wastewater in natural manner without the use of chemicals. In short, the method used for this project is the improved method of using natural materials for recycling Grey water and obtaining best quality of recycled Grey water. The main objective of present research work is to provide and popularize a simple, feasible, practically sound, ecofriendly and cost-effective technology for wastewater treatment. In this filter the filtration is done by gravitational force. By using such Techniques, the load on the sewage impact will be reduced and will be converted into useable water for sanitary, gardening and irrigation purposes

This project report deals with study and developmen of village as a smart village.We define smart village as bundle of services of which are delivered to its residence and businesses in an effective and efficient manner. “ Smart Village ” is that modern energy access acts as a catalyst for development in education , health, security, productive enterprise , environment that in turns support further improvement in energy access . In this report we focuses on improved resource use efficiency , local self -governance , access to assure basic amenities and responsible individual and community behavior to build happy society . We making smart village by taking smart decisions using smart technologies and services.

This report majorly focuses on the principles of Public Private Partnership (PPP), its different forms and their suitability as a possible procurement route to be used for the development of road sector in a developing country like India. The report also critically analyse the viability of Private Finance Initiative (PFI) and basic procurement routes for road projects. The report recommends the most suitable types of PPP for the new and maintenance project.

Bridges are vital components of the Indian surface transportation system and support the growth of this nation’s economy. But recent unexpected collapses and near to collapses of bridges underline the need for effective structural monitoring. There are multiple causes: poor technical state of bridges and roads, failure to traffic rules, vehicle built to modern highway traffic regime As the cost for monitoring and repair is much lower than the cost for reconstruction of new structures, monitoring is vital for civil infrastructure facilities, which form the lifeline of our country’s economy. Current maintenance operations and integrity checks on a wide array of structures require personnel entry into normally-inaccessible or hazardous areas to perform necessary non-destructive inspections. Recently there has been increase in need for adopting smart sensing technologies to SHM so this review focus on sensing, monitoring and assessment for civil infra-structure. At present, the commonly used crack detection methods include physical and electrochemical methods, but there are shortcomings such as large equipment area, low detection frequency, and complex operation. This research develops and validates an array of Ultrasonic sensors for surface crack detection. It is a non-destructive testing (NDT) with potential applications for locating and up monitoring cracks and flaws during structural health management. This research presents the quantitative crack detection capabilities of the Ultrasonic sensor, its performance in actual structural environments, and the prospects for structural health monitoring applications.

During monsoon ,we face water logging and Drainage Overflow every year. This happens because of many factors such as, Topography of land because of which the Storm water gets accumulated in a particular area and Drainage system not being designed for that amount of Storm water ,Overflows. And thus,creating a havoc for the people passing by that area. SWMM is one of the software which can be used to simulate the storm water in the given dimension of drainage system considering every type of catchment areas. We can find out that for particular amount of storm water, what dimension of drainage system would be suitable. Which will help to reduce accumulation of water, hence, there would not be any kind of havo

The key reason behind any environmental strain is the haphazard usage of global natural resourcesleading to, pollution in the environment, sea level rising, warming the earth, depletion of natural resources etc. Thedrastic climate variation has been observed worldwide, which in fact is mainly due to the release of CO2 from everyenergy actions. The building sector consumes nearly 40 % of the total energy and accounts for 30 percent of worldgreenhouse gas emissions. With all the green features modeled, the project building could achieve 33.76% energyimprovement over the baseline building in the present model. The formulated water conservation strategy includesrecycled water from sewage, rainwater harvesting, metering and sub metering, and low flow fixtures. The maximumquantity of recycled water generated inside the building is 157.3 KL/month and the total saving of freshwater is53.85%.

An analysis and evaluation of a proposed project to determine if it is technically feasible, is feasible within the estimated cost, and will be profitable. Feasibility studies are almost always conducted where large sums are at stake. This paper is an effort in the similar direction, to study Samruddhi Expressway whether the project is feasible or not. India has one of the largest road networks in the world, consisting national highways, state highways, major district roads, other district roads and village roads. Roads are the key to the development of an economy. A good road network constitutes the basic infrastructure that accelerates the development process through connectivity. The Government of India has planned 10 world class express highways in order to boost the road infrastructure for faster connectivity between different cities. Simultaneously Government of Maharashtra has planned Samruddhi Expressway (Nagpur Mumbai Expressway) (NMEW) which intends to divert and redistribute the heavy traffic on existing corridors.Feasibility studies in the construction industry can be simply defined as the evaluation of the viability of a development project. It is used as a tool for analyzing if a proposed task can operate under a given set of assumptions, such as the technology used and the monetary aspects of the construction work. Feasibility studies focus on providing information to help investors decide whether to proceed or redesign a proposed development project or idea. They are mainly used in business ventures relating to the construction industry.

Aquaponics as a vertical farming technique has undergone various development to make it an efficient replacement for conventional farming methods. Hydroponics, a soil-less farming method has been combined with aquaculture (fish farming) to obtain a system with its own ecological balance. The disadvantages of these systems overcome by symbiotic relationship between them. As a result aquaponics has better production and growth rate than other farming methods. The aquaponics systems focused on increasing economically and sustainability of indoor and outdoor fish farming. Aspect like sustainability, development and economically efficiency improve of farmer health we must reconsider the agriculture sciences, by this we understand that we must develops technologies friendly for the environment. Combining aquaculture with hydroponics we obtain a new innovation named aquaponics which respects principles of sustainable agriculture (wastewater bio filtration by plants) and gives us the possibility to increase economic efficiency with an additional production (organic vegetables) to produce the nutrient rich food. The various parameters that are to be considered during the design and implementation of an aquaponic system have been discussed in this paper.

Water is one of the primary needs of all living being of world. Water supply system is a system of engineered hydraulic and components which provide water supply. The water distribution network plays a virtual role in preserving and providing desirable life quality to the public, of which reliability of supply is the major component. A community can only thrive if it can ensure the availability of safe drinking water for its members. As the population of any community increases, the demand for water also increases and imposes additional load to the existing water distribution system. As a result, the existing water distribution system may become unreliable to meet the demand of the increased population. In order to fulfil the water demand of the continuously growing population, it is essential to provide the sufficient and uniform quantity of water through the designed network of pipes. EPANET is computer program that performs extended period simulation of hydraulic behaviour within pressurized pipe network. The study presents the hydraulic analysis of pipe line network of Narangi area in Virar city using EPANET 2.0. The result obtained verified that the pressure at all junction and the flows with their velocities at all pipes are feasible enough to provide adequate water to the network of study area and also help to understand the pipelines system of the study area in a better way. The study also deals with the future demand of the area.

Cracks on the concrete surface are one of the earliest symptoms of degradation of the structure which is fundamental for the upkeep as properly the non-stop publicity will lead to the severe injury to the environment. Manual inspection is the acclaimed approach for the crack inspection. In the guide inspection, the diagram of the crack is organized manually, and the conditions of the irregularities are noted. Since the guide strategy absolutely relies upon on the specialist’s expertise and experience, it lacks objectivity in the quantitative analysis. So, automated image-based crack detection is proposed as a replacement. The proposed gadget comprises picture processing and facts acquisition methodologies for crack detection and evaluation of surface degradation. The acquired outcomes exhibit that the deployment of image processing in an nice way is a key step towards the inspection of giant infrastructures

Aim of project is to analyze the liquefaction possibilities of some selected sites. The SPT data collected from selected sites and determination of liquefaction susceptibility of selected sites by using noviliq software. From this shear stress due to earthquake or settlements of structure are evaluated using novoliqsoftware.“A Phenomenon where by a saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress, usually earthquake Shaking or other sudden change in stress condition, ca using it to behave like a liquid” is called Soil Liquefaction. By using novoliq software for liquefaction data analysis, test values graphs are collected for determination of liquefaction susceptibility of these sites using Novoliq soil software. Finally we can analyse the liquefied zone or sites with the help software, for this liquefied sites prevention methods are to be given to promote anti liquefaction and risk measures. Additionally, phenomena related to damage in soils and foundations induced by liquefaction are investigated and discussed.

The objective of the present study was to measure the effects of delay in construction projects like cost-overrun, time-overrun, litigation and project abandonment. Data on the study variables has been collected through a structured questionnaire. Statistical tool One-Way ANOVA has been applied for data analysis and inference. It is found that delay in construction projects significantly lead to cost overrun, time overrun, litigation and project abandonment. The findings of the study also provide significant insights to the construction industry so that they may formulate strategies in order to avoid delay and its consequences. Moreover, the recommendations and limitations are discussed in the conclusion part of the study.

Biomass Co-firing is defined as simultaneous combustion of different fuels in the same boiler, provides one alternative to achieve emission reductions. This is not only accomplished by replacing fossil fuel with biomass, but also as a result of interaction of fuel reactants of different origin, e.g. biomass and coal. Co-firing of biomass with fossil fuels provides means to reduceSO2, and CO2 emissions and it also may reduce NOx emissions. It is assumed that there is no net emission of CO2 from biomass combustion as plants use the same amount of CO2 during growth that is released in combustion On the other hand utilisation of solid biofuels and wastes sets new demand for boiler process control and boiler design, as well as for combustion technologies, fuel blend control and fuel handling system. Cofiring with biomass offers a cheap and practical means of reducing carbon emissions using existing infrastructure. The capital costs for cofiring are generally low and usually limited to retrofitting boilers with modified delivery systems. Compared to other forms of renewable energy, the up-front investments needed for co-firing in existing boilers are fairly small. These retrofits are often substantially less expensive than the costly overhaul that would otherwise be needed to meet increased emissions standards.

After the onset of monsoons, development of potholes on roads and streets of India is a common phenomenon. Quite often, potholes are repaired with antiquated techniques such as placing soil or bare aggregate in the pothole because no hot mix asphalt is available during monsoons. But techniques are not reliable these days because they require large amount of time and the quality of repairing is also not up to the mark. Traditional pothole filling techniques take a lot of manpower and a lot of heavy machinery, which is an expensive process. Due to non-repairing of potholes on time many of accidents and traffic congestion takes place every year. In 2016, nearly 1,50,000 deaths were caused by road accidents in India. Out of these, 2,424 deaths in road accidents were caused by potholes. Apart from deaths, they cause several accidents leading to major and minor injuries, and delay in travel time Pothole is a failure in an asphalt pavement when there is water present in the underlying soil which weakens the supporting soil, and then traffic around affected area fatigues and breaks the asphalt surface. Failure in pavements takes place because of shearing, loading and deflection of materials. Which is the result of the action of traffic, poor support, and adverse atmospheric condition. In this paper different methods which are used for repairing potholes are described and best suitable method is selected based on the costing and quality parameters.

The objective of this thesis is to describe the design, construction, implementation and performance of a prototype adaptive pendulum tuned mass damper (PTMD). Furthermore the thesis aims at demonstrating the performance improvements obtained when the pendulum tuned mass damper (PTMD) parameters are optimized. The study considers the effect of adjusting the PTMD tuned frequency and damping ratio on a two storey test structure subjected to broadband and narrowband excitation. An analytical model of the PTMD for a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structure is used to demonstrate the performance improvements when the PTMD parameters are optimized. The optimized model considers the effects of adjusting the frequency ratio, damping ratio, and mass ratio of the combined system to reduce the maximum deflection dynamic vibration absorber when the structure is subjected to a harmonic excitation force. The analytical model is used to simulate the optimal performance of the PTMD system. The experimental PTMD is capable of identifying the structural vibration modes in real time and tuning to the desired mode. The structural vibration control modes are identified by calculating the windowed power spectral density of the structure’s acceleration, followed by peak-picking algorithm to identify the modal frequencies. Tuning is performed by moving the pivot location of the pendulum arm via a tuning frame along a set of rails. The design also allows for changes in the external dampening force. An adjustable damper is attached to the pendulum mass to allow for control of the PTMD damping ratio.

Increased demands on the nation electrical power systems and incidences of electricity shortages, power quality problems, rolling blackouts, electricity spiked prices have caused many customers to seek other sources for high-quality and reliable electricity. Distributed Energy Resources (DER) small-scale power generation resources located close to where the electricity is used (e.g., a house or commercial sectors), provide an alternate source of energy. DER is a faster and less expensive option for the construction of large and central power plants and also high-voltage transmission lines. They offer consumers the potential for lower cost, higher service reliability, high power quality, increased energy efficiency, and energy independence. The use of renewable distributed energy generation technologies and "green power" such as wind, photovoltaic, geothermal, biomass, or hydroelectric power can also provide a significant environmental benefit.

Reliability in large power system is a major concern in this modern age. There are various methods to find out the reliability for the generation capacity. Whenever a generator fails, the capacity of that particular generator is considered as outage. in this paper a major focus will be on the binomial distribution method which is useful when all generators have same generating capacity. A simple formula and Microsoft excel tables will be helpful to find out the generation outage for more number of generators. This will solve the human errors in calculations and fast results will be helpful for future planning in the power systems.

Extensive efforts have been made to harvest energy f from water in the form of raindrops, river and ocean wave, tidal and others. However, achieving a high-density of electrical power generation is challenging. Traditional hydraulic power generation mainly uses electromagnetic generators that are heavy, bulky, and become inefficient with water supply. Alternative, the water droplet or solid-based electric nano-generator, has so far generated peak power densities for less than one watt per square meter, owing to the limit at ions imposed by interfacial effects as seen in characterization of the charge generation and transfer that occur at solid-liquid or liquid-solid interfaces. Here we develop a device to harvest energy from impinging water droplet s by using an architecture that compromises a polytetrafluoroethylene film on an indium oxide substrate plus an aluminium electrode. We show that spreading of an impinged water droplet on the device bridges, the originally disconnected component s into a closed-loop electrical system, transforming the conventional interfacial effect into bulk effect, and so enhancing device that is limited by interfacial effects.

Power larceny is the sizably voluminous quandary now days which causes immensely colossal loss to electricity boards. And to surmount these losses prices are incremented. So if we can obviate this larceny we can preserve lots of potency. The mundane practice for power larceny is to short input output terminals or to place magnet on the wheel in case of old meters. In this system a micro controller is interfaced with an energy metering circuit current sensing circuit, RF communication & a contactor to make or break power line. If current is drawing & energy pulses are mundane then no puissance is larceny. If current is drawing & energy pulses are not coming then it designates power larceny. So microcontroller trip the o/p utilizing relay. This information is sent to substation utilizing wireless communication. Line faults may be caused due to over current or earth fault. If there transpires to be a connection between two phase lines then over current fault occurs. Earth fault occurs due to the earthing of phase line through cross arm or any other way.

for blind individuals Basically, the ultrasonic detector is enforced within the walking stick for detection the obstacles ahead of the blind impaired persons. If there are any obstacles, it will alert the blind man to avoid that obstacles and therefore the alert in Our project proposes a low-priced walking stick supported latest technology and a brand-new implementation are created for economical interface the shape of voice announcement and buzzer to form a lot of helpful the stick is additionally mounted with the water detector that detects and alerts the blind if any wetness content is present to avoid slippery methods. Daily in several aspects so as to produce versatile and safe movement for the individuals. During this technology driven world, wherever individuals try to measure severally, this project propose a low-priced stick for blind individuals to achieve personal independence, in order that they will move from one place to a different simply and safely. A conveyable stick is style and developed that detects the obstacles within the path of the blind using sensors. The buzzer and vibration motor are activated once any obstacle is detected. Additionally, the stick is provided with GPS and SMS message system. GPS system give the knowledge relating to the situation of the blind man using the stick with his relations. SMS system is employed by the blind to send SMS message to the saved numbers within the microcontroller just in case of emergency.

Induction motor is rotating type of electro-mechanical device. Induction motor convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Induction motor is highly reliable, require less maintenance and have high efficiency. Induction motor are wide in range of operation and it used in many application because its construction is simple and robust. In past induction motor can be protected by manual operation of component such as timer, contactor, electromagnetic switch, voltage and current transformer. Protection of an induction motor against problem such as short circuit, temperature rise, single phasing and motor vibration occurring in the operation is very important. Manual operation of protection system are very slow and is not accurate. Looking to this issues, in this paper PLC based protection method is used. Which operated automatically, provide higher accuracy and quick response.

The conventional transformer in power infrastructure should be capable of meeting the demand for the load. The conventional transformer is structured and designed to handle high power. Also, the overload capacity of conventional transformers depends on the highest temperature and short-term overload. This paper represents the construction and working of the solid-state transformer which consists of AC to DC and DC to AC conversion which has low overload capability as compared to conventional transformers. Solid-state transformer finding applications in Solar and wind power generation electric vehicle battery management systems because of high-frequency operation, which is not possible in case of conventional transformers also smart transformer, provides flexible control of electric power distribution.

In todays world we require a continuous & definitive supply of electricity for proper functioning in modern and advanced society. AI may be a field that was found on the idea of human intelligence where AI precisely simulates natural intelligence. AI (Artificial Intelligence) is the mixture of expert task, mundane task and formal task. Power Systems were used from the late 19th century and that they are one among the essential needs that we did like in our modern, developing day to day life. Power systems are used for transmission and delivering the electricity to all or any machines. AI (Artificial Intelligence) plays a serious role in power systems where they solve different problems in power systems like scheduling, calculating, statistics, forecast. As AI (Artificial Intelligence) was being developed in several fields we could see the impact that it made on the facility systems also, the humanly solved mathematical functions were solved by machines and every one the tasks are performed by the machines.AI techniques became popular for solving different problems in power systems like control, planning, scheduling, forecast, etc. These techniques can affect difficult tasks faced by applications in modern large power systems with even more interconnections installed to satisfy increasing load demand. The appliance of those techniques has been successful in many areas of power grid engineering.

The main objective of this project is “Solar and Wind Generator for Street Light Application with Solar Tracking”. The Solar Tracking – Vertical Axis Wind Turbine System is not only cheap and efficient, but also eco-friendly. This turbine generate electricity using both solar and wind energy. So, for uninterrupted electricity generation, we have two powerful and inexhaustible sources. The system has two basic Components-one for electricity generation through solar energy and another for wind generation. Our project focuses on the use of air on highway divider with the help vertical axis wind turbine. When the vehicles passed on the highway, it produces a considerable amount of air due to its speed. The blade of the vertical axis wind turbine strikes tangentially and makes the turbine spin in just one direction. The solar system is used to enhance the overall efficiency of solar panel by keeping them aligned along with the sun position, solar tracking system is used nowadays. The electrical output of the vertical axis turbine and the solar system is stored in battery. This accumulated energy that can be used further for street use, lighting, toll gates etc.

The main theme of the paper is that we are driving the motor at different speed by PWM technique as by doing that we can easily control the motor speed for different loads.AC loads requires variable voltage and variable frequency. These requirements are fulfilled by a voltage source inverter. A variable output voltage can be achieved by varying the input dc voltage and keeping the gain of the inverter constant. On the other hand, if the dc input voltage is fixed and itis not controllable, a variable output voltage can be achieved by varying the gain of the inverter, which is normally accomplished by pulse-width-modulation control within the inverter. There are number of pulse width modulation techniques but only Space vector technique is a good choice among all techniques to control voltage source inverter. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is an advanced and very popular method with several advantages such as its effective DC bus utilization, less harmonic generation in output voltage, less switching losses, wide linear modulation range etc. Owing to these advantages, it is being mostly used to control an inverter.

As today’s world is completely dependent on different types of energies and these energies are going to disappear or exhaust one or the other day so we need to use free energy to run our basic appliances which require electricity for its working. So there is a dire need to find new sources of energy. Most people do not realize that there is a lot of energy that is formed around them all the time. The purpose of this project is to show that the ambient energy in the surroundings can be utilized to generate electricity. In this project, the energy used to open a revolving door is being converted into electrical energy with the help of gears and generator. Further, this electrical energy can be regulated according to the load requirement. Accordingly, a revolving door prototype is designed, fabricated and tested. This prototype can be further optimized in terms of size to generate more electrical energy.

Brushless Direct Current motors are synchronous motors which operates on DC current. These motors have various advantages over Brushed DC motors such as low cost, high speed torque characteristics, noise less operation. Speed controlling is Very important. Speed of the motor is controlled by (ESC) electronic speed controlled. The parameters like Speed, Current, Power, Temperature and Voltage are Monitored on from remote access through the configured electronic gadgets by using the Internet Of things. the purpose of this project is to control and monitor the of Brushless DC (BLDC) motor by using IOT. The Internet of Things (IOT) has led to huge development in digital world. IOT is interface that helps communication between objects Brushless DC Motor (BLDCM) has various features like high efficiency, reliability, high weight to torque ratio. Hence these motors have major significances in the industries. By utilizing this IOT, controlling and monitoring of a system is done to obtain desired output.

This project presents the MATLAB Simulation model of the Distributed Power Flow Controller in Transmission line. This work will be a new component with the flexible ac transmission system, called as distributed power flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC will be derived from the unified power flow controller system (UPFC). The DPFC can be considered as a UPFC with a common dc link which is eliminated. The active power exchange between the series and shunt converters, through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC has the same control ability as the UPFC, which adjusts line impedance, bus voltages, and the transmission lines.

This paper is written in consideration with Brushless DC motor (3.5 kW) and Lithium-ion battery (78 Amphr). Here the motor is considered as the driving element for propulsion and the battery pack for the energy storage for the model. Pollution by IC engine vehicles is one of the primary reason to ruining the air quality throughout India, leading to increased disease rate and vicious side effects, in turn to decreasing economic productivity. This problem has turned the industry to plan for green transportation means. There have been government and private spokespersons running by various identities to address the issue of IC vehicle pollution through deployment of electric vehicles seminar and interactive courses. Due to high costs and low performance parameters, attempts for commercialization of these vehicles is not actually successful. This paper presents the challenges faced and lessons learned during the designing phase of electric vehicles with favorable life cycle costs. This paper explains the concept of the study on the different types of motor and battery used for the designing an electric vehicle according to personalized needs.

Adverse effects of fossil fuel burning and internal combustion engine vehicles have alarmed nations worldwide. Governments are taking steps to promote the use of Electric Vehicles due to less carbon emissions and to pacify the environmental issues. The added load of Electric Vehicles poses a threat to the existing grid which leads to instability of the grid. The problem of demand supply mismatching can be solved by integrating the renewable energy sources with Electric vehicle charging station resulting in bi-directional flow of power. Vehicle to Grid technology helps the utility with active and reactive power support by feeding power from battery pack to grid and vice versa. Vehicle to Grid describes a system in which electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid, fuel cells electric vehicles are connected to the power grid to provide high power, spinning reserves, regulation services etc. The perspective of this study is to evolve a smart charging schedule based on the load on grid, time of use of the EV and other factors in order to minimize cost of charging for electric utilities and EVs as well as promote profits to EV owners.

The main theme of the project is to develop software for calculating the reliability & capacity outage table for generation purposes. The method for the calculation is quite lengthy, complex & a high possibility to get a human error during the calculation. The methods used to calculate reliability & capacity outage are Digital Method, Partial Binomial Method & Recursive Method, this method is highly recommended, but can be complex during the actual calculation. To justify the need for this method & also to remove the human error factor during quicker & better calculation, the software is made with the help of the python software. The python-based website will be easily accessible to use to any sort of user, choosing python program was a better option as it does not compile but interprets the calculation are in constant runtime with the input of values, this program helps in developing highly complex calculation which is up to many decimal points.

This project gives on idea of "POWER PLANT- PORTABLE MICRO POWER GENERATION". In this project we considered wind as a renewable source of energy to generate electricity with the help of aeroleaves are leaf like structure of wind turbine. Which are placed in the form of tree called Wind tree. These aeroleaves are small vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) and able to generate power. They are also silent, so they could be installed along buildings, street or even in people’s backyards. The rotation of aeroleaves depends on wind speed and wind direction. VAWT will catch wind from all directions. When wind blows, aeroleaves rotate and energy get produced .In this project , the power generated from wind tree is eco-friendly, less noise polluted and can provide electricity to remote locations.

This paper gives you a basic overview about designing and implementing the process of solar electric vehicle. A solar car does not use any combustion thus it is free from any cause for global warming. This paper proposes a method to design multi-seated solar car different from the one available in market, in a cheaper way. The most essential equipment for building a solar vehicle are the solar panels. The photovoltaic panels of 250 W are connected as a photovoltaic array to charge a lithium-ion battery bank of 48 V and 78 Ah during the day hours. With the help of this technology, we aim to make solar energy powered car in our project. The solar cells in the solar panel absorbs UV rays transmitted from sun and convert them into electrical energy, thereby powering the vehicle. In between solar panels and battery, there is a charge controller or MPPT to magnify the output from the solar panels to charge the battery efficiently.

This project presents the Designing of Transformer and Induction Motor. Mathematical equations are used for the designing of Transformer and Induction Motor. They help in determining the dimension and electrical parameters which will satisfy specifications such as rating of machine, speed of the machine, etc. used for design. But the design calculation can be a hectic process when done manually. Since the calculation is long and interdependent with each steps the occurrence of error is more likely. Python programming language is adopted for fast computation, to simplify the process and to minimize this error. The program is designed in such a way that allows the user to enter the main specification of the machine. The program performs the calculation required thus allowing the user to obtain the results. In addition, the software would be useful for the education and research purpose.

Brushless DC in most commonly used motors in small scale applications like exhaust fans, Toys etc. The motor is supply by Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) with a dc-dc converter power factor correction circuit (PFC). Performance of dc-dc converters is analyzed and the results are discussed, third converter is best suited converter. By unity power factor the low-cost arrangement are provided. PID Logic Controller is utilized as the Controller for the BLDC motor. The Landsman Converter performs power factor correction and DC voltage control both are in a single controller. PFC converter improve the power quality in AC mains in wide range of speed and input AC voltage. In the PMBLDC Motor the electronic commutator of motor the Voltage Source Inverter is used.

Inevitably, there has been a concerted policy push at the national level to promote electric vehicles. In electric vehicles, the progress stands and falls with the performance of the battery. Lithium-ion batteries are considered in this research project, as they are the most crucial component in the electric vehicle power system and require accurate monitoring and control. Proper battery optimization in electric vehicles requires a meticulous energy management system. The energy management system is bound for estimating the battery state of charge, state of health, various distinct factors in the system, and subsystems in real-time. The state of charge estimation accounts for the prevention of over-charge and over-discharge of batteries and provides cell balancing. Traditional SOC estimation approaches, such as open-circuit voltage (OCV) measurement and current integration (coulomb counting), are relatively accurate in some cases. However, estimating the SOC for Li-ion chemistries requires a modified approach. This project presents the Kalman filtering algorithm for the state of charge estimation that provides precise results for a fair computational effort.

Load flow analysis is most essential and important approach to investigate problems in power system. It can provide balance steady state operation of power system without considering transients in it. This project presents a new and efficient method for solving the Load flow problem of a distribution network. By using Backward/Forward sweep method parameters like voltage profile, total power losses, load on each bus of the Distribution Network will be known. By using Load Flow load balancing of the Distribution system can be achieved. For load balancing we will use the power stored in the Electric vehicle. As Electric vehicle has large battery pack for storage. The impact of Electric Vehicle and load flow of distribution network is computer programed to implement the power flow solution scheme in MATLAB software.

This project aims to develop a sustainable solar powered ozone generator whose operating principle is based on the production of ozone by corona effect. Ozone gas is now-a-days used for treatment of drinking water, disinfection, and air-purification. Corona effect occurs when an intense electric field accelerates the existing electrons around a conductor. This effect generates ozone through a high voltage process that produces a strong enough electric field to break the dielectric strength of the air between the electrodes and breaks the oxygen molecules and form ozone(O3). This phenomenon occurs at or near a field strength of 2kv-10kv. Flyback converter which is excited by a high frequency Hartley oscillator and act as a high voltage-high frequency transformer to reach the expected voltage. The whole system is powered by the solar photovoltaic panels . This work is aimed to evaluate the efficiency of this solar powered ozone generator.

Now days the use of fossil fuels increases continuously because of which in future there will be a stage where we are going to lost all these resources completely. Therefore there are so many organizations or companies which are preferred to used renewable energy sources. This Paper study was done with Brushless DC motor and Lithium-Polymer battery as main propulsion and energy storage for our E-Bike. In this paper we have studied various factors taken into account for designing of electric two-wheeler. This paper proposes an equation-based design for battery electric vehicles. It covers all the parts of the electric vehicle starting from the tractive force calculation, battery model, motor model, drive line model and losses associated with these models. This study is beneficial for the designing of the battery electric Two-Wheeler according to any specification. Apart from this, proper selection of rating required also contributes in using an electric motor of appropriate size, because the size of the motor depends on the rating. Thus, to meet all the needs of the traction characteristics, a proper selection of motor rating should be done based on the load.

This Project simulates an Induction Motor. It will be helpful for the performer in the practical, observation of the Induction Motor in the lab, as the design motor will be the simulation of the actual motor used for the practical and experiment. The Factors such as direction of magnetic field, magnetic field density, number of windings, heat dissipation, temperature gradient, current flow, etc. which are not visible for the performer but actually plays a very important role for the performance and the efficiency of the Induction Motor will be seen digitally, graphically with the help of simulation on the platform of ANSYS software. The design and calculation of various parameters of the induction motor are done to obtain a simulation which will be approximate to that of the induction motor used for the practical purposes. This will not only increase the interest of the performer but also the understandability of the practical will be more convenient as the performer will be able to gain knowledge about various parameter which were practically impossible to view.

Self-Balancing Two-wheeler (Segway) was once a mysterious invention created by Dean Lawrence Kamen. The Self-Balancing Two-wheeler (Segway) Human Transporter is a personal transport device that uses a built-in computer to remain upright. The aim of this project is to mimic the design of the Self-Balancing Two-wheeler (Segway) and build a low-cost Segway. The first stage of this project is to design the mechanical structure of the transport device. According to different power and functional requirements, different mechanical and electronic components have been chosen for the implementation. The rider shifting weight and a manual turning mechanism on the handlebar are used to control the speed and direction of the Self-Balancing Two-wheeler (Segway). Gyroscope and variable resistor are used to monitor user’s physical motion. The Segway is an intelligent vehicle which uses gyroscopic sensors to detect the motion of rider, so that he can accelerate, brake or steer the vehicle. The conventional Segway available in the market are very costly as they are not available locally. Hence the need to design and fabricate a cost-efficient Segway which could be affordable and the same time be reliable to withstand a rider up to 70-80kgs. In this project an attempt has been made to design and fabricate a Segway with minimum resources.

Construction industry is one of the 7th industry with high risk exposure. The prevalent problem with construction industry in recent years is the health of construction workers. In residential construction sites workers daily activities includes Material handling, prolonged standing, bending, etc. this leads to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD’s). Some techniques are required to identify and control WRMSDs. Ergonomics involves the interaction between human, technology and organization in the purpose of optimizing well-being, health and performance. The aim of research is performing ergonomics risk assessment based on which ergonomics risk factors in building construction site is obtained and to give an overview of ergonomic risks at workplace by some of the observational methods that can be used for assessment. Through ergonomics risk assessment tools such as checklist (questionnaire), REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) and QEC (Quick Exposure Check) data is collected. Risk rank order for activities are determined by RII (Relative Importance Index). Comparison of tool QEC and REBA is done and analysis is done in SPSS. The result showed that most workers are at higher and medium risk on residential construction site. Based on the analysis and findings task need to redesigned and reassessed so that it can be safely carried out. In an appendix we have included a brief presentation of these methods together with the work sheet (if available) and the reference source of the observational method.

Smartphones and multiple electronic gadgets have become a daily necessity for our life as we have created a huge interdependency on gadgets. Introduction of the electronic gadgets with multiple features have made our lifestyle easier and faster. Smartphones are the most importance and widely used electronic gadget and it can be observe that every new day brings a better innovation in its manufacturing. Along with the innovation In the smartphone, we need a major innovation in its charging methods. In the initial days of the mobile phone manufacturing, its chargers used to work on the constant current supply system. After few years the next generation chargers came with the constant voltage system and the next major update was the introduction of the constant current And constant voltage charging system, which was used for a larger period of time. When the competition in the field of innovation incremented massively, smartphone brands focused on making there smartphone charging rate faster than others and they started using the microcontrollers for increasing there charger’s output. There are multiple smartphone brands with there own different charging technologies like DASH, TURBO, VOOC etc. These charging technologies works on there full potential when connected to The devices which support those technology’s communication. When we connect these high power output chargers to the devices which doesn’t support its communication Style , the charger doesn’t supply the power with the full potential even if the device is capable of handling the load. There is a need for a charger which doesn’t have the compatibility issues with any kind of devices which require the power input between The range of power output supplied by the charger. There is the need for the charger with the wide range of power supply that can charge a earpiece to smartphone. In our Auto Power Adjustable charger’s proposed methodology , we are considering all the above parameters to create a universal charger, which can be used to charge any type of device in its output range. We will add an extra circuit which will be responsible for the feedback from the device’s battery for analysing the required power output . We will supply the exact amount of power which is required by the device and it will minimize the chances of the damage on the less powered batteries. The test results are showing the positive responses till the date . Arduino is the major component , which is responsible for the decision making in the regulation of the power output. Here we can conclude that our charger can eliminate the chances of the damage on the battery and it can supply the power output of a wide range.

Construction materials management plays a Significant role in the success and profitability of construction Projects. Some of the problems relating to materials Management are materials shortages, delays in supply, price Fluctuations, damage and wastage, and lack of storage space. To Overcome the problem, the advent of ICT has been largely Exercised in developed countries to aid and improve construction Materials management. Overall, there are five processes involved within the materials management, namely planning, Procurement, logistics, handling, stock and waste control Processes. Studies have shown that the use of ICT in managing The materials on site has not fully utilised by many construction Firms despite of the potential benefits. This is due to some Barriers faced by the construction firms in adopting the ICT. Through some qualitative approaches like questionnaire survey and face to face semi-structure interviews data is collected. The findings showed that There were high numbers of common ICT tools involved at the Planning and procurement stage of materials management Processes while handling and waste and stock control stage have The lowest adoption of ICT tools. It was also found that modern Tracking technologies such as RFID and bar coding system used In developed countries has not been utilized and can be Considered as non-existence in construction firms’ materials Management. According to the respondents, this was due to the Requirements needed to purchase the ICT tools such as high Investment on the hardware, staffs training and qualified ICT Specialist on specific software knowledge and technology testing on automation or wireless technologies.

Structural design requires a full understanding and knowledge of all the components comprising the structure. A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (the load-bearing portion) is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders. The design of modern suspension bridges allows them to cover longer distances than other types of bridges. The main element of a cable suspended bridge is the cable system. Bridges are normally designed for dead load, live load and other occasional loads. All loading and unloading conditions in analysis and design are provided as per IRC codal specifications. The whole modeling of the suspension parts of the bridge was done by using SAP2000. Suspension cable bridge having 1km span with single lane road, the intensity of road is given has 20 numbers of vehicles each loaded with 350KN (heavy loading class A-A track load) is analyzed by SAP2000. The output of the software presents results including moments, axial loads, shear force and displacements. Moreover, moments and axial load at each node and at any point within the element can be easily obtained from the software output. This thesis examines issues analysis and design calculation in over a structure will safe under all conditions.

One of the factors emphasized by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), a national consensus-based standard under the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) for developing sustainable or high performance buildings, is water efficiency. A LEED registered project can attain up to five points under water efficiency upon successful integration of various techniques to conserve water. Many techniques are available to conserve water and grey water reuse is one option considered by many LEED registered projects. In spite of widespread popularity, some of the sustainable techniques including grey water reuse, which is recommended by the USGBC and various agencies engaged in green building constructions, are not viable in many parts of the United States due to their effects on construction cost. Implementation of a grey water reuse system has a significant effect on the capital cost of a project. The increase in cost may be attributed to dual sanitary and grey water distribution piping which doubles construction piping costs. Disinfection treatment, filtration, overflow protection, grey water storage tanks, etc. also add to the cost of construction. Ninety percent of the projects claim that project schedule is not affected by the implementation of a grey water reuse system in a green building project. The factors which prevent the project team from implementing a grey water reuse system include capital cost, maintenance cost, local plumbing codes, local water conservation issues, complexity of the system, etc. LEED credits and the spirit of sustainability are the factors which have a positive effect on the design team’s decision to implement a grey water reuse system.

Nowadays one of the major difficulty which remains common in modern society is Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), after every significant efforts to prevent, reduce, reuse and recycle the waste. In most of the developed countries at present, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) The waste material collection is increasing every day in almost all cities in India and creating hazardous situation in form of pollution. The Vasai-Virar is small city & tehsil (sub-district) in konkan division of Maharashtra state in western India. As per the census of 2011 the population of Vasai-Virar is 12,22,390. The amount of solid waste treated is nil and MSW processing facility available here is only dumping. Due to this the average life span of living beings has degenerated to a great extent. Our main aim is to utilize these waste materials in an effective way to help humanity by the process of incineration. Incineration is the best process of combustion of organic materials present in the waste and giving useful by- products. The effective use of these by-products can be growth in production of crops generation.

Oscillation Wave Column (Owc) is generation of electricity and most popular categories of wave energy device. They work on the natural wave action i.e alternate compression & decompression of Trapped Air to generate electricity. In the view of rising population & more consumption of electricity, alternative thinking for generation of electricity for future use is essential. In recent years the application of generation of hydroelectricity (By OWC) in most of the country is widely acceptable. The Main objective of present research work is to provide & popularize the simple, feasible, ecofriendly, renewable source for generation of electricity. OWC technology in such a type of system, which hardness energy from oscillation of seawater into chamber & converts wave energy into electrical energy with low energy impact

Construction claims have such high impacts on the projects’ cost and time that the contractors should establish the effective claim management in their organizations. This research aimed at presenting the key concepts of construction claims, and construction claim management, focusing on the contractors’ point of view. In addition, a questionnaire survey was done to assess the efficiency of the contractors in managing their claims. Three-hundred claim management staffs from contractors’ organizations were then selected by using stratified sampling technique, taking into account their company locations. It was found that the active tasks that the contractors can perform efficiently consist of recognition and identification of the change, systematic and accurate documentation of the change, analysis of time and cost impacts of the change. As to the defensive tasks, they are systematic and accurate documentation of change, and analysis of time and cost impacts of the change. On the other hand, the activities that the contractor can not perform well and should be improved are active notification of the change, active negotiation of the claim, and defensive recognition and identification of the change. The result from this research can help the contractors improve their weaknesses and maintain their strengths of their claim management process.

Noteworthy advancements in the field of deep learning have led to the rise of highly realistic AI generated fake videos, these videos are commonly known as Deepfakes. They refer to manipulated videos, that are generated by sophisticated AI, that yield formed videos and tones that seem to be original. Although this technology has numerous beneficial applications, there are also significant concerns about the disadvantages of the same. So there is a need to develop a system that would detect and mitigate the negative impact of these AI generated videos on society. The videos that get transferred through social media are of low quality, so the detection of such videos becomes difficult. Many researchers in the past have done analysis on Deepfake detection which were based on Machine Learning, Support Vector Machine and Deep Learning based techniques such as Convolution Neural Network with or without LSTM .This paper analyses various techniques that are used by several researchers to detect Deepfake videos.

Risk management is a step to make construction projects more efficient and practical such that uncertainties should be identified before occurring and changing into crisis and a balance should be made between threats and opportunities. Accordingly, construction industry is one of the most important and job creating industries in all countries. Compared to other economic-industrial sectors, construction management is highly influenced by the perception and employment of risk management concept. Additionally, there are abundant risks in such activities since Construction projects activities are very complex and various. Hence, it seems necessary to evaluate the proper use of risk management in various stages of Construction projects life cycle. In this regard, the present study attempts to describe Construction projects life cycle step by step and analyse the way of using risk management from designing stage to reviewing and supporting stage. The risk management framework for construction projects can be improved by combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies to risk analysis. The research work includes visiting and inspecting various construction sites, analysing the field, collection of data, interpretation of data; using matrix method of risk calculation calculating risk and providing effective measures to overcome it.

Any construction project to begin with starts with the Layout of the building or structure followed by Design and Analysis of the structure which is succeeded by cost estimation and planning for the said project. This project involves the layout, design, analysis, planning and cost estimation of a G+3 residential building located in Bhiwandi. The layout of the proposed G+3 residential building is based on a plot of size 18X15M. Previously the plot was being used as a commercial complex, but according to the new plan it will be used as a multi-storied residential building. The ground floor of the building will be used as parking while the remaining 3 floors will be divided into 6 apartments each having an area of 2BHK & 1BHK 60.97sqm & 48.25sqm. Each apartment is of 2BHK and 1BHK configuration.

The objective of this thesis is to describe the design, construction, implementation and performance of a prototype adaptive pendulum tuned mass damper (PTMD). Furthermore the thesis aims at demonstrating the performance improvements obtained when the pendulum tuned mass damper (PTMD) parameters are optimized. The study considers the effect of adjusting the PTMD tuned frequency and damping ratio on a two storey test structure subjected to broadband and narrowband excitation. An analytical model of the PTMD for a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structure is used to demonstrate the performance improvements when the PTMD parameters are optimized. The optimized model considers the effects of adjusting the frequency ratio, damping ratio, and mass ratio of the combined system to reduce the maximum deflection dynamic vibration absorber when the structure is subjected to a harmonic excitation force. The analytical model is used to simulate the optimal performance of the PTMD system. The experimental PTMD is capable of identifying the structural vibration modes in real time and tuning to the desired mode. The structural vibration control modes are identified by calculating the windowed power spectral density of the structure’s acceleration, followed by peak-picking algorithm to identify the modal frequencies. Tuning is performed by moving the pivot location of the pendulum arm via a tuning frame along a set of rails. The design also allows for changes in the external dampening force. An adjustable damper is attached to the pendulum mass to allow for control of the PTMD damping ratio.

Amidst the tense Indo-China border conditions in North-east India coupled with the ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative, the IT ministry of India had banned 59 Chinese-owned applications, including Cam Scanner, Tik Tok, ShareIt, etc., and thus was also taken down from the Indian Playstore for sovereignty and security. Among all the banned 59 applications, CamScanner had been an integral part of daily documentation which allowed users from organizational, governmental, commercial, and academic backgrounds to convert the simple camera-clicked images of important documents into scanned PDF format digital documents. But after the ban of CamScanner, users faced a lot of inconveniences to create these despite the introduction of other alternative Indian scanning applications as these applications were less satisfactory in comparison to CamScanner. This paper studies various Indian and non-Indian scanning applications and a comparative study of the various features provided by these applications is done. This paper also focuses on the study of various flutter libraries and plugins that will be required to design the features of the scanning application such as multiple image picking, conversion of images into pdf, firebase ML for optical character recognition feature, etc..

Human motion is fundamental to understanding behaviour. In spite of advancement on single image 3 Dimensional pose and estimation of shapes, current video-based state of the art methods unsuccessful to produce precise and motion of natural sequences due to inefficiency of ground-truth 3 Dimensional motion data for training. Recognition of Human action for programmed video surveillance applications is an interesting but forbidding task especially if the videos are captured in an unpleasant lighting environment. It is a Spatial-temporal feature-based correlation filter, for concurrent observation and identification of numerous human actions in a little-light environment. Estimated the presentation of a proposed filter with immense experimentation on night-time action datasets. Tentative results demonstrate the potency of the merging schemes for vigorous action recognition in a significantly low light environment.

A Criminal Identification System allows the user to identify a certain criminal based on their biometrics. With advancements in security technology, CCTV cameras have been installed in many public and private areas to provide surveillance activities. The CCTV footage becomes crucial for understanding of the criminal activities that take place and to detect suspects. Additionallywhen a criminal is found it is difficult to locate and track him with just his image if he is on the run. Currently this procedure consists of finding such people in CCTV surveillance footage manually which is time consuming. It is also a tedious process as the resolution for such CCTV cameras is quite low. As a solution to these issues, the proposed system is developed to go through real time surveillance footage, detect and recognize the criminals based on reference datasets of criminals. The use of facial recognition for identifying criminals proves to bebeneficial. Once the best match is found the real time cropped image of the recognized criminal is saved which can be accessed by authorized officials for locating and tracking criminals or for further investigative use.

Vehicle accidents are by all accounts appalling and frightening occasions occurring which cause various deaths. As the number of accidents per year is increasing tremendously and so the lives affected by accidents. There are traditional ways to help the needy or the victim that is informing the right authority but needs assistance or help from others, but this tends to take ample of time and due to it could cost lives. So there is a need to develop an accident detection system that would detect and alert the proper authorities about the accident. The sudden assistance to the alert would in return lead to saving as many lives as possible. Many researchers have analyzed this technique using Convolutional neural network, HDNN, RCNN, etc. This paper will give us an overview of various techniques or methods that are used to detect accidents.

Internet of Things consists of two words Internet and objects. The term objects in IoT refers to various IoT devices that have unique identities and are capable of making remote sensing, performing and live monitoring of certain types of data. IoT devices enable other devices connected to the app directly or indirectly, and send data to various servers and combining IoT with Image processing in the agriculture sector can lead to a more technology driven system in terms of agriculture security which can create a Smart Agricultural Security System. The major problem in today’s agriculture sector is protecting crops from local animals and thieves because it is not possible for every farmer to barricade the entire field or stay on the field 24 hours and guard it. So, to overcome this problem there must be an automated crop protecting system which uses leading technologies like IoT and Image Processing. The advantage of using this system can help farmer to monitor the farm even if farmer is away from field by installing various sensors in farm to detect motion of local animal and sent data to farmer app directly and also farmer can see live streaming of the farm with help of camera installed in farm. This ensures complete safety of crops from animals and thieves thus increasing financial gain with a proper security surveillance system.

People Counting and mask detection based on video is an important field in a Computer Vision. There is growing interest in video-based solutions for people monitoring and counting in business and security applications using Computer Vision technology. It has been effectively used in many Artificial Intelligence fields. Comparing to normal sensor based solutions the one with video based allows more flexible performance, improved functionalities with lower costs. The system with people counter program requires more processing because that deals with real-time video, so this particular proposed technique converts a color image into binary in order to minimize data of image. Reducing processing time is an important term in Software Engineering to build a good working system. People counting methods based on head detection and tracking to evaluate the total number of people who move under an overhead camera and check whether that people wearing a mask or not wearing a mask. There are basically four main features within this proposed system: counting of people, detection of mask, alerting alarm and Scanning of ID. Based on the tracking of the head, this method is using the crossing-line judgment to determine whether a particular head object will be getting counted or not getting counted. The two main challenges which have overcome in this system are: tough estimation of the moving background scene and the number of the people in merge split scenarios. The technique for an masked face detection using three different steps of estimating are eye line detection, facial part detection and eye detection is used in the following system. On being exceeding the count of people or in case mask is seen not worn then alarm gets alerted.

In colleges data stored on the server can be access by any college staff, student or professor. Data is very important and should not be altered or accessed without permission of its owner. But in these type of medium scale organizations server can be access by anyone. A better approach to maintain the data security and sustainable storage is cloud. Cloud provides user management for authentication and authorized access of stored data. Since data is upload in cloud through network therefore its security during this phase is very important. For this, encryption algorithms can be used to protect it from hacker. It provides efficient way to carryout operations such as uploading and downloading data. An efficient use of storage should be a primary concern for which data deduplication technique can be applied. Using this technique uploading of duplicate files can be avoided.

The Internet of Things (IOT) depicts the organization of actual items that are implanted with sensors, programming, and different advances for the point of interfacing and trading information with different gadgets and frameworks over the web . In this day and age, there are numerous IOT based, these IOT based gadgets and machines range from wearable like brilliant watches to RFID stock following chips. IOT associated gadgets convey by means of organizations or cloud-based stages associated with the snare of Things. Among the applications that Internet of Things (IOT) encouraged to the planet , Healthcare applications are generally imperative . There are numerous wellbeing checking gadgets accessible. These framework comprises two sensors that is Heartbeat and blood heat sensor and furthermore contains Arduino UNO. This versatile gadget will screen heartbeat and blood heat utilizing sensors. The framework utilizes Arduino board which is associated with heart beat sensor and temperature sensor. The framework will take contribution from the guts beat and blood heat sensors and can send the data to Arduino. The Arduino will send the information of two sensors to LCD alphanumeric presentation . This presentation will show the perusing of the heartbeat sensor and blood heat sensor in BPM (Beats Per Minute) and in Celsius or Fahrenheit.

Livestock are farm animals who are raised to generate profit. They are used for the commodities such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather and wool. Livestock animals usually distribute in remote areas, with relatively poor condition of disease diagnosis. Generally, it is difficult to carry out disease diagnosis rapidly and accurately.Livestock diseases often pose a risk to public health and even affects the economy at large extent as we are quite dependent on the essential commodities we procure from the livestock. It is necessary to detect the disease outcome in the livestock to take the precautionary measures in order to avoid spread amongst them. So, there is a need for a system which can help in predicting the diseases among livestock on the basis of symptoms and suggest the precautionary measures to be taken with respect to the disease predicted. Our proposed system will predict the livestock (Cow, Sheep and Goat) disease using SVC (Support Vector Classifier) multi-class classification algorithm based on the symptoms and also provide the precautionary measures on the basis of disease predicted. There are some diseases which can prove to be fatal. So, our system will also alert the livestock owner if the predicted disease may cause a sudden death.

In this technical age there are many ways where an attacker can get access to people’s sensitive information illegitimately. One of the ways is Phishing, Phishing is an activity of misleading people into giving their sensitive information on fraud websites that lookalike to the real website. The phishers aim is to steal personal information, bank details etc. Day by day it’s getting more and more risky to enter your personal information on websites fearing that it might be a phishing attack and can steal your sensitive information. That’s why phishing website detection is necessary to alert the user and block the website. An automated detection of phishing attack is necessary one of which is machine learning. Machine Learning is one of the efficient techniques to detect phishing attack as it removes drawback of existing approaches. Efficient machine learning model with content based approach proves very effective to detect phishing websites. Our proposed system uses Hybrid approach which combines machine learning based method and content based method. The URL based features will be extracted and passed to machine learning model and in content based approach, TF-IDF algorithm will detect a phishing website by using the top keywords of a web page. This hybrid approach is used to achieve highly efficient result. Finally, our system will notify and alert user if the website is Phishing or Legitimate.

Development of NGO is also development of society prestige, which makes significance contribution to diverse areas. Since NGO are non-profit organization, they always lack resources. Thus, to fulfill the requirements “UNNATI SAMAJ “app will be a rescue. Using this app any donor can donate food, clothes, and other items which can be utilize by needy ones. For e.g. from big organized parties, often food gets wasted, so using the app’s Google API technology people can donate the food to nearest NGO without needed to search up for contact information. Thus, our app will be a direct bridge between all NGOs and donors.

Online interview is not a new thing but in this covid-19 situation it seems to be the only option. However, assessing the candidate on a video call may not be that effective. Having an AI based Interview Assessment System could prove to be useful, which would take input as speech and will give output as detailed analysis of that speech. While most the research work currently done focuses only on finding sentiment or personality from speech, our system aims to extract multiple information from the speech and provide a detailed analysis. The analysis would include a detailed report containing results about confidence level of the person, his/her emotional state, speed of the speech, frequently repeated words and also personality reflected by that speech. An interview panel consists of various members focusing on different aspect of the answer given by the candidate, some focus on technical correctness while, some simply want to check the communication skills of the candidate. Having an AI system giving a report on the soft skills part would reduce the work for interviewer and he/she could give complete focus on the technical correctness of the answer. This could eventually help save time and resources used by organizations for hiring process. This intention of creating this system is to assist the interview process and give analysis report based on the speech input instead a giving a verdict about selection of the candidate. Thus, this system could use not only by the interviewers but also by the candidates. The output provided would be a detailed report which could prove to be a good feedback for the students who are preparing for the interview. Having a feedback would help candidates work on their week points and thus perform better in further interviews.

Agriculture sector plays crucial role in Indian Economy. It contributes about 17% to the total GDP and provides employment to over 60% of the population. Need of Enhancement of all stakeholders related to Agricultural sector. Most of the farmers doesn’t have any idea about the rates of crops and their products and they sell their products at any cost Improper accessibility. Android application will resolve the accessibility problem between all the agricultural stakeholders. Many laborers depend on agriculture to get their wages. They can include, grass cutters, tractor drivers, farming apparatus technicians, or anyone who is directly involved in farming activities. That said, agriculture allows manpower to be shifted between the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors. If farmers get an assured minimum support prices for their produces and also if the functioning in trade is made digital or online, or by eliminating middle person who is exchanging goods from farmers to factories or from factories to farmers. Then the financial state of farmers will be improved in agricultural field. These problems arises only because of not having the proper accessibility between each other. Nowadays it’s essential to develop of an effective network of all the agricultural stakeholders. With the help of Android application will try to provide better accessibility in terms of all resources (Time, Money and equipment) between farmers to vendors and vice versa, farmer to workers and vice versa, farmer to agriculture consultant as well as seeds and fertilizers suppliers.

In any educational course curriculum, the courses are defined with learning objectives. Teachers conduct assessments to know if students have achieved certain learning objectives or not. The Proposed System provides a solution to choose challenging, well framed questions and make it easy for the user to generate it within a short period of time. The existing tools are rigid and support very basic or limited parameters. In our system we allow admin and user to input a set of questions and mark them with parameters such as difficulty level, complexity, type of question, module, min and max weightage. It contains two modules namely admin module and user module and the question management makes it an effortless task. From the entered input the paper is generated and saved as a .pdf file which can be kept for own or distributed as per the user or admin requirements. The required software and hardware are easily available and easy to work with. The goal is to simplify its current manual method, by means of computerised equipment and complete computer applications, in order to meet its needs, so that its important data/information can be stored for a longer period of time with easy access and manipulation. Basically the project describes how to manage for good performance and better services for the clients.

A traveler is a person who is traveling different places and enjoy the personal growth that occurs within the experience and people they meet. Now a days travelling in historical places and wild nature is more trending for travelers specially the solo traveler is attracted the most towards it. To interact with people, know and learn the cultures of different places, making friends solo travelling is something interesting to do, meeting People, nature, weather, etc. But at a same time, it is really dangerous to travel alone in unknown places and being a stranger all around, it is like doing something out of comfort zone which is dangerous and also expensive. There are no certain applications built for solo travelers with multiple functionalities like exploring places due to help rating security and cab sharing which can reduce their expenses. To overcome the problem’s, we are building an application name ‘Smart Travel’ application where all these functionalities will be implemented.

Public surveillance Systems are creating ground-breaking impact to secure lives, ensuring public safety with the interventions that will curb crime and improve well-being of communities, law enforcement agencies are employing and deploying tools like CCTV for video surveillance in banks, residential societies shopping malls,markets,roads almost everywhere to detect where and who was responsible for events like robbery, rough driving, insolence, murder etc. Other surveillance system tools like phone tapping is used to plot an event to catch a suspected person who is threatening an innocent or conspiring a violent activity over a phone call which is being done voluntarily by authorities . Now analyzing both the scenarios in the case of CCTV the crime(robbery,murder) has already occured and in the case of phone tapping there must be information in advance about the suspected person who is going to commit a crime, Now to overcome this issue a system is proposed to know in advace who is suspected and what conspiracy is being done over phone calls as well to detect it automatically and report it to law enforcemet authorities.

As we know Cyber bullying is increasing day by day and Cyber troll is one of the cyber-aggressive actions that is not much different from cyberbullying in online abuse so that the victims feel uncomfortable. One of the most used social media platforms in which cyber trolling frequently happens is Twitter. Basically, it is found that during an investigation of cyberbullying cases a lot of information gathered is false which aims to give discomfort, hatred and waste lots of time. So, it is necessary to classify between cyberbullying tweets and normal tweets on twitter. There has already been research on classification of cyberbullying tweets and normal tweets using the Support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. But the drawback of the system is that it only gives 63.83% of accuracy. Firstly, we can improve the accuracy of the system by using the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) And Secondly, for balancing the dataset we will be using Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). We believe that using these techniques we will be able to increase the accuracy of the previous proposed.

When Internet of Things (IoT) applications become a part of people’s daily life, security issues in IoT have caught substantial attention in both academia and industry. Compared to traditional computing systems, IoT systems have more inherent vulnerabilities, and in the intervening time, could have higher security requirements. However, the current design of IoT does not successfully address the higher security requirements postured by those vulnerabilities. Many recent attacks on IoT systems have shown that novel security solutions are needed to defend this emerging system. This paper purposes to examine security challenges resulted from the special characteristics of the IoT systems and the new features of the IoT applications. This could help pave the road to better security solution design. Furthermore, three architectural security designs are suggested and analyzed. Examples of how to implement these designs are discussed. Finally, for each layer in IoT architecture, open issues are also identified.

Touch is one of the most common forms of sign language used in oral communication. It is most commonly used by deaf and dumb people who have difficulty hearing or speaking. Communication between them or ordinary people. Various sign language programs have been developed by many manufacturers around the world, but they are relatively flexible and affordable for end users. Therefore, this paper has presented software that introduces a type of system that can automatically detect sign language to help deaf and mute people communicate better with other people or ordinary people. Pattern recognition and hand recognition are developing fields of research. Being an integral part of meaningless hand to hand communication plays a major role in our daily lives. The handwriting system gives us a new, natural, easy to use communication system with a computer that is very common to humans. Considering the similarity of the human condition with four fingers and one thumb, the software aims to introduce a real time hand recognition system based on the acquisition of some of the structural features such as position, mass centroid, finger position, thumb instead of raised or folded finger.

Bitcoin has been a hot topic in the technology industry since its boom in 2017 The underlying technology of bitcoin is the blockchain that has impressed many of the onlookers due to its transparency and usability in this globalized world In cryptocurrencies a ledger is operated which contains all the data regarding the transactions and contracts that are to be executed These ledgers are maintained on multiple nodes around the world Every node has to maintain a full copy of the ledger which currently is 15 GB for bitcoin As more and more transactions are carried on the blockchain this approach becomes slow Scaling is the only solution to counter this problem, thats where the sharding technology comes into play In sharding rather than each node maintaining the full ledger the ledger is divided or sharded into multiple fragments So in short each node consists of a small part of the ledger rather than the whole ledger which is easy to maintain and in turn helps in scaling the blockchain So rather than a full blockchain we have shard chains that consist of multiple node or validator networks which are then assigned multiple tasks like verifying transactions or operations

THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.

Touch is one of the most common forms of sign language used in oral communication. It is most commonly used by deaf and dumb people who have difficulty hearing or speaking. Communication between them or ordinary people. Various sign-language programs have been developed by many manufacturers around the world, but they are relatively flexible and affordable for end users. Therefore, this paper has presented software that introduces a type of system that can automatically detect sign language to help deaf and mute people communicate better with other people or ordinary people. Pattern recognition and hand recognition are developing fields of research. Being an integral part of meaningless hand-to-hand communication plays a major role in our daily lives. The handwriting system gives us a new, natural, easy-to-use communication system with a computer that is very common to humans. Considering the similarity of the human condition with four fingers and one thumb, the software aims to introduce a real-time hand recognition system based on the acquisition of some of the structural features such as position, mass centroid, finger position, thumb instead of raised or folded finger.

Understanding the term hacking as any unconventional way of interacting with some system it is easy to conclude that there are enormous number of people who hacked or tried to hack someone or something. The article, as result of author research, analyses hacking from different points of view, including hackers point of view as well as the defenders point of view. Here are discussed questions like Who are the hackers Why do people hack Law aspects of hacking, as well as some economic issues connected with hacking. At the end, some questions about victim protection are discussed together with the weakness that hackers can use for their own protection. The aim of the article is to make readers familiar with the possible risks of hackers attacks on the mobile phones and on possible attacks in the announced food of the internet of things next IoT devices

Face detection is one of the most suitable applications for image processing and biometric programs. Artificial neural networks have been used in the many field like image processing, pattern recognition, sales forecasting, customer research and data validation. Face detection and recognition have become one of the most popular biometric techniques over the past few years. There is a lack of research literature that provides an overview of studies and research-related research of Artificial neural networks face detection. Therefore, this study includes a review of facial recognition studies as well systems based on various Artificial neural networks methods and algorithms.

The study LiFi Light Fidelity demonstrates about how can we use this technology as a medium of communication similar to Wifi . This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. It explains about the process of transmitting data with the help of illumination of an Led bulb and about its speed intensity to transmit data. Basically in this paper, author will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is capable for high intensity wireless data coverage in limited areas with no obstacles .This research paper represents introduction of the Lifi technology,performance,modulation and challenges. This research paper can be used as a reference and knowledge to develop some of LiFitechnology.

The Internet, today, has become an important part of our lives. The World Wide Web that was once a small and inaccessible data storage service is now large and valuable. Current activities partially or completely integrated into the physical world can be made to a higher standard. All activities related to our daily life are mapped and linked to another business in the digital world. The world has seen great strides in the Internet and in 3D stereoscopic displays. The time has come to unite the two to bring a new level of experience to the users. 3D Internet is a concept that is yet to be used and requires browsers to be equipped with in-depth visualization and artificial intelligence. When this material is included, the Internet concept of material may become a reality discussed in this paper. In this paper we have discussed the features, possible setting methods, applications, and advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet. With this paper we aim to provide a clear view of 3D Internet and the potential benefits associated with this obviously cost the amount of investment needed to be used.

Cyber Security is a crucial and rising part of concern in the present age with a rapid increase in the graph of digitization. And with an increase in the activities in cyberspace, there is also an increase in the cyber crimes. Handling the huge volumes of data with security has become an inevitable need of the hour. Antivirus software, Firewalls, and other technological solutions help to secure this data but are not sufficient enough to prevent the cybercrooks from destructing the network and stealing confidential information. This paper mainly focuses on the issues and challenges faced by cybersecurity. It also discusses the risks, cybersecurity techniques to curb cyber-crime, cyber ethics, and cyber trends.

Recommender System RS has emerged as a significant research interest that aims to assist users to seek out items online by providing suggestions that closely match their interests. Recommender system, an information filtering technology employed in many items is presented in internet sites as per the interest of users, and is implemented in applications like movies, music, venue, books, research articles, tourism and social media normally. Recommender systems research is usually supported comparisons of predictive accuracy the higher the evaluation scores, the higher the recommender. One amongst the leading approaches was the utilization of advice systems to proactively recommend scholarly papers to individual researchers. In todays world, time has more value and therefore the researchers havent any much time to spend on trying to find the proper articles in line with their research domain. Recommender Systems are designed to suggest users the things that best fit the user needs and preferences. Recommender systems typically produce an inventory of recommendations in one among two ways through collaborative or content based filtering. Additionally, both the general public and also the non public used descriptive metadata are used. The scope of the advice is therefore limited to variety of documents which are either publicly available or which are granted copyright permits. Recommendation systems RS support users and developers of varied computer and software systems to beat information overload, perform information discovery tasks and approximate computation, among others.

Real estate is by far one of the most trusted investments that people have preferred, being a lucrative investment it provides a steady source of income in the form of lease and rents. Although there are numerous advantages, one of the key downsides of real estate investments is lack of liquidity. Thus, even though global real estate investments amount to about twice the size of investments in stock markets, the number of investors in the real estate market is significantly lower. Block chain technology has real potential in addressing the issues of liquidity and transparency, opening the market to even retail investors. Owing to the functionality and flexibility of creating Security Tokens, which are backed by real-world assets, real estate can be made liquid with the help of Special Purpose Vehicles. Tokens of ERC 777 standard, which represent fractional ownership of the real estate can be purchased by an investor and these tokens can also be listed on secondary exchanges. The robustness of Smart Contracts can enable the efficient transfer of tokens and seamless distribution of earnings amongst the investors. This work describes Ethereum blockchainbased solutions to make the existing Real Estate investment system much more efficient.

The advancement of Information Technology has hastened the ability to disseminate information across the globe. In particular, the recent trends in Social Networking have led to a spark in personally sensitive information being published on the World Wide Web. While such socially active websites are creative tools for expressing ones personality it also entails serious privacy concerns. Thus, Social Networking websites could be termed a double edged sword. It is important for the law to keep abreast of these developments in technology. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the limits of extending existing laws to battle privacy intrusions in the Internet especially in the context of social networking. It is suggested that privacy specific legislation is the most appropriate means of protecting online privacy. In doing so it is important to maintain a balance between the competing right of expression, the failure of which may hinder the reaping of benefits offered by Internet technology

Google File System was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as Google File System that is GFS. Google File system is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally Google File System is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of Google file system, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. Google File System also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, Google file system is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.

Today the development of cross-platform mobile application has under the state of compromise. The developers are not willing to choose an alternative of either building the similar app many times for many operating systems or to accept a lowest common denominator and optimal solution that will going to trade the native speed, accuracy for portability. The Flutter is an open-source SDK for creating high-performance, high fidelity mobile apps for the development of iOS and Android. Few significant features of flutter are - Just-in-time compilation (JIT), Ahead- of-time compilation (AOT compilation) into a native (system-dependent) machine code so that the resulting binary file can execute natively. The Flutter’s hot reload functionality helps us to understand quickly and easily experiment, build UIs, add features, and fix bugs. Hot reload works by injecting updated source code files into the running Dart Virtual Machine (VM). With the help of Flutter, we believe that we would be having a solution that gives us the best of both worlds: hardware accelerated graphics and UI, powered by native ARM code, targeting both popular mobile operating systems.

With the Internet of Things (IoT) bit by bit creating as the resulting time of the headway of the Internet, it gets critical to see the diverse expected zones for the utilization of IoT and the research challenges that are connected with these applications going from splendid savvy urban areas, to medical care administrations, shrewd farming, collaborations and retail. IoT is needed to attack into for all expectations and purposes for all pieces of our day-to-day life. Despite the fact that the current IoT enabling advancements have immensely improved in the continuous years, there are so far different issues that require attention. Since the IoT ideas results from heterogeneous advancements, many examination difficulties will arise. In like manner, IoT is planning for new components of exploration to be finished. This paper presents the progressing headway of IoT advancements and inspects future applications.

Our daily routine activities revolves on our sense of "touch" or "feel". And a technology that helps in experiencing this sense through a device is called "haptic technology". Haptic tries to evaluate the sensation of touch through various mechanisms. Haptic devices make virtual objects seam real when they are touched. Haptic technology uses force, motions and vibrations to the user to initiate interaction between virtual environment and user. With this technology we can now touch the objects that is only in the mind of a computer system but does not exist in reality. Users can receive feedbacks in the form of felt sensations in the hand or other parts of the body from computer applications using various input and output devices. The idea of haptic technology evolved from virtual reality. Haptic is a technology that is evolving day-by-day. As the demand for virtual reality is being intensified the haptic technology will also intensify. In this paper we will study the idea and evolution of haptic technology, haptic devices and their applications. Finally we will conclude with the future of haptic in our daily life.

The Smart glasses Technology of wearable computing aims to identify the computing devices into today’s world.(SGT) are wearable Computer glasses that is used to add the information alongside or what the wearer sees. They are also able to change their optical properties at runtime.(SGT) is used to be one of the modern computing devices that amalgamate the humans and machines with the help of information and communication technology. Smart glasses is mainly made up of an optical head-mounted display or embedded wireless glasses with transparent heads- up display or augmented reality (AR) overlay in it. In recent years, it is been used in the medical and gaming applications, and also in the education sector. This report basically focuses on smart glasses, one of the categories of wearable computing which is very popular presently in the media and expected to be a big market in the next coming years. It Evaluate the differences from smart glasses to other smart devices. It introduces many possible different applications from the different companies for the different types of audience and gives an overview of the different smart glasses which are available presently and will be available after the next few years.

The wireless sensor networks are event-monitoring and data collecting devices which are tightly distributed, lightweight nodes deployed in large number to monitor the environment or system. They are generally deployed for periodic reporting and event detection in an environment. WSN faces many challenges like design and deployment of sensor nodes, localization and topology changes, mobility and physical distribution, clustering, data aggregation, security, and quality of service management. An intelligent-based approach works more efficiently as sensor nodes are deployed in dynamic environments. Computational intelligence provides autonomous behavior, flexibility, robustness against communication failure and topology changes. The most common computational intelligence (CI) paradigms such as fuzzy systems, evolutionary algorithm, artificial neural networks,, swarm intelligence, and artificial immune systems are explored in this paper.

Agriculture is an important sector in many countries, especially in the rural sector. It introduces a major source of food for people worldwide. However, it faces the great challenge of producing more and better quality while increasing sustainability through proper use of natural resources, reducing environmental degradation and adapting to climate change.Therefore, it is very important to move from traditional farming methods to new modern agriculture. Smart Agriculture is one of the solutions to address the growing demand for essential food products while meeting the needs of sustainability. In Smart Advanced Agriculture, the role of knowledge is growing day by day. Information on weather conditions, soil, diseases, pests, seeds, fertilizers, etc. It contributes significantly to the economic development and sustainability of the sector. Smart and Advanced Management consists of transferring, collecting, analyzing and selecting data.As the value of agricultural data increases exponentially, robust analytical techniques that are able to process and analyze large amounts of data to obtain accurate data and more accurate predictions are essential. Data Mining is expected to play a key role in Smart or Modish Agriculture managing real-time and big data analysis. The purpose of this paper is to review further studies and research on Advance and smart agriculture using the latest Data Mining practice, to solve various agricultural problems and scenerios.

Innovation for supporting prosperity has for quite some time been a focus on numerous orders, including PC science, brain research, and humanPC connection. In any case, the meaning of prosperity is not continuously clear and this has suggestions for how we plan for and evaluate advances that intend to cultivate it. Here, we talk about current meanings of prosperity and how it relates with and now and then is a result of self-amazing quality. We at that point center around how innovations can uphold prosperity through encounters of self-amazing quality, finishing with conceivable future bearings.

Demand for data storage is growing exponentially, but the capacity of existing storage media is not keeping up, there emerges a requirement for a storage medium with high capacity, high storage density, and possibility to face up to extreme environmental conditions. According to a research in 2018, every minute Google conducted 3.88 million searches, other people posted 49,000 photos on Instagram, sent 159,362,760 e-mails, tweeted 473,000 times and watched 4.33 million videos on YouTube. In 2020 it estimated a creation of 1.7 megabytes of knowledge per second per person globally, which translates to about 418 zettabytes during a single year. The magnetic or optical data-storage systems that currently hold this volume of 0s and 1s typically cannot last for quite a century. Running data centres takes vast amounts of energy. In short, we are close to have a substantial data-storage problem which will only become more severe over time. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are often potentially used for these purposes because it is not much different from the traditional method utilized in a computer. DNA’s information density is notable, 215 petabytes or 215 million gigabytes of data can be stored in just one gram of DNA. First we can encode all data at a molecular level and then store it in a medium that will last for a while and not become out-dated just like floppy disks. Due to the improved techniques for reading and writing DNA, a rapid increase is observed in the amount of possible data storage in DNA.

One day system authentication could be widely achieved through brainwaves. One does not need to remember that 8 or more character long strange password. Simply thinking of certain things, such as a person face, or a rotating displayed cube, or line of song would be enough to unlock a device. Electro-encephalography (EEC) sensors are behind the technique. That is where electrical activity in certain parts of the brain is recorded. These sensors are used to generate the graphical lines on charts created from wired electrodes placed on the scalp, as seen in hospitals and TV shows. They are used in hospital to diagnose epilepsy, among other things. In this case, though, one wouldn’t need to be fitted with wired electrodes or even a headset, which is used already in some current non muscular EEC computer controls. An ear bud will collect the signals (mental gesture) and perform secure authentication. This research could provide hands-free and wireless interaction, authentication, and user experience, all in the form-factor of a typical ear bud.

AI is a territory of software engineering that gains from a lot of information, recognizes examples, and makes expectations about future occasions. In the accounting and auditing professions, Machine Learning has been progressively utilized over the most recent couple of years. Thusly, this investigation means to Survey the current Machine Learning applications in accounting and auditing with a focus on Big Four Organizations. In this study, the AI devices and stages created by Big Four organizations are analyzed by directing a content investigation. It has been distinguished that Big Four organizations built up a few Machine learning devices that are utilized for predictable audits coordination and the management, completely automated audits. Accounting processes such as accounts receivable and accounts payable management, preparation of expense reports, and risk assessment can easily be automated by AI. For instance, machine learning algorithms can match an invoice received, decide the right business ledger for acknowledgment, and place it in a payment pool where a human specialist can inspect and submit the payment request to the payment queue.

There are many projects made by government under the smart cities and it is necessary that these systems which conflicts the smart-cities garbage systems have to be smarter. With the help of these smart cities systems, it is necessary thatpeople need easy accessibility to the garbage disposing methods as well as the collection process. It should be efficient in terms of time and fuel cost. In our propose system we are going to check garbage fill status of the dustbin by using different types of Sensor to check the status and send the message to cloud. This research paper represents to segregate Dry and Wet garbage more efficient and reliable to certain extents.

The usage of chatbots has increased tremendously since past few years. A conversational interface is an interface that the user can interact with by means of a conversation. The conversation can occur by speech but also by text input. When a chatty interface uses text, it is also described as a chatbot or a conversational medium. During this study, the user experience factors of these so called chatbots were investigated. The prime objective is to spot the state of the art in chatbot usability and applied human computer interaction methodologies, to research the way to assess chatbots usability. Two sorts of chatbots are formulated, one with and one without personalisation factors. the planning of this research may be a two by two factorial design. The independent variables are the two chatbots unpersonalised versus personalised and thus the specific task or goal the user are ready to do with the chatbot within the financial field a simple versus a posh task. The results are that there was no noteworthy interaction effect between personalisation and task on the user experience of chatbots. A significant difference was found between the two tasks with regard to the user experience of chatbots, however this variation was not because of personalisation.

Food is essential forliving. Food adulteration deceives consumers and can endanger their health. The purpose of this document is to list common food adulterant methods commonly found in India. An adulterant is a substance found in other substances such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, or other chemicals that compromise the safety or effectiveness of that substance. The addition of adulterants is called adulteration. The most common reason for adulteration is the use of undeclared materials by manufacturers that are cheaper than the correct and declared ones. The adulterants can be harmful or reduce the effectiveness of the product, or they can be harmless.

In today’s society, we stand before a change in energy scarcity. As our civilization grows, many countries in thedeveloping world seek to have the standard of living that has been exclusive to a few nations, so their arises a need in thedevelopment of technology that is compatible enough with the resources provided by nature in order to have sustainabledevelopment to all class of the society. In order to overcomethe prevailing challenges of huge energy crises in near future, there is an urgent need for the development of electrical vehiclesor hybrid electrical vehicles with low CO2 emissions using renewable energy sources. In view of the above, electrochemicalcapacitors can fulfil the requirements to some extent.Preparation of nano composite polymer gel electrolyte is the best optional product to overcome these problems. When fillers are added or dispersed to the polymer gel electrolyte, amorphous or porous nature of electrolyte increases which enhances the liquid absorbing quality of polymer and helps in removing the drawbacks of polymer gel electrolytes such as leakage, poor mechanical and thermal stability etc. In this work dispersion of SiO2 nano filler is done in the [PVdF (HFP)-PC-Mg (ClO4)2] for the synthesis of nano composite PGE [PVdF (HFP)-PC-MgClO4- SiO2]. Optimization and characterization was carried out by using various techniques.

This paper is explaining that how only leadership is responsible for sustainable improvement and growth and only it can lead the organization towards improvement and overall development. Leadership and its effectiveness are discussed in this research work and also how leadership is a different way of the success of the organization and different from the traditional management to create true work-culture and good-will of the organization in the social scene. Leadership is only responsible in bringing positive and negative change in the organization; if the leadership doesn’t have the concern in the organization, the organization will not be able to lead in the right direction towards improvement and development.

In the second week of March 2020, governments of all states in a country suddenly declared shutting down of all colleges and schools for a temporary period of time as an immediate measure to stop the spread of pandemic that is of novel corona virus. As the days pass by almost close to a month with no certainty when they will again reopen. Due to pandemic like this an alarm bells have started sounding in the field of education where a huge impact can be seen on teaching and learning process as well as on the entire education sector in turn. The pandemic disruption like this is actually gave time to educators of today to really think about the sector. Through the present research article, the author is highlighting on the possible impact of coronavirus on education sector with the future challenges for education sector with possible suggestions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is proving to be an efficient alternative approach to classical modeling techniques. AI refers to the branch of computer science that develops machines and software with human-like intelligence. Many problems in civil and structural engineering are affected by uncertainties that cannot be solved with traditional methods. AI aids to solve such complex problems. In addition, AI-based solutions are good alternatives to determine engineering design parameters when testing is not possible, thus resulting in significant savings in terms of human time and effort spent in experiments AI is also able to make the process of decision making faster, decrease error rates, and increase computational efficiency. Among the different AI techniques, machine learning (ML), pattern recognition (PR), and deep learning (DL) have acquired considerable attention and are establishing themselves as a new class of intelligent methods for use in structural engineering. The objective of this review paper is to summarize recently developed techniques with regards to the applications of the noted AI methods in structural engineering over the last decade. First, a general introduction to AI is presented and the importance of AI in the field is described. Thereafter, a review of recent applications of ML, PR, and DL in structural engineering is provided, and the capability of such methods to address the restrictions of conventional models are discussed. Further, the advantages of employing such intelligent methods are discussed in detail. Finally, potential research avenues and emerging trends for employing ML, PR, and DL are presented.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is proving to be an efficient alternative approach to classical modeling techniques. AI refers to the branch of computer science that develops machines and software with human-like intelligence. Many problems in civil and structural engineering are affected by uncertainties that cannot be solved with traditional methods. AI aids to solve such complex problems. In addition, AI-based solutions are good alternatives to determine engineering design parameters when testing is not possible, thus resulting in significant savings in terms of human time and effort spent in experiments AI is also able to make the process of decision making faster, decrease error rates, and increase computational efficiency. Among the different AI techniques, machine learning (ML), pattern recognition (PR), and deep learning (DL) have acquired considerable attention and are establishing themselves as a new class of intelligent methods for use in structural engineering. The objective of this review paper is to summarize recently developed techniques with regards to the applications of the noted AI methods in structural engineering over the last decade. First, a general introduction to AI is presented and the importance of AI in the field is described. Thereafter, a review of recent applications of ML, PR, and DL in structural engineering is provided, and the capability of such methods to address the restrictions of conventional models are discussed. Further, the advantages of employing such intelligent methods are discussed in detail. Finally, potential research avenues and emerging trends for employing ML, PR, and DL are presented.