NTDs are malformations of the central nervous system. It’s therapeutic complexities and the functional future of the child are the challenges in their management. The main objective of this study is to identify the epidemiological profile and short- term prognosis of these abnormalities.

The trigger points can prevent the blood circulation in the organs and between organs, over time it can make the body have the illness, especially the Covid-19 patients. During practicing, Clapping on the back and chest, I have treated many problems of the lungs like coughing, chest pain, difficulty breathing and I think that we can apply on treatment. Best of all, Clapping can be applied by the patients and caregivers, which can help quick recover and prevent the severe complications

Substantial evidence currently exists to demonstrate that Star- ling’s law is wrong , the revised Starling Principle is a misnomer and all the formulae that goes with it are also wrong. Persistent to defend such erroneous concepts is a futile attempt to defend fraudulent science. It is well known that Starling’s law dictates the rules on fluid therapy for the management of shock which misleads physicians, and particularly anaesthetists and surgeons, into giving to much fluid during shock resuscitation, induction of anaesthesia and prolonged major surgery [3]. This practice induces the newly recognized volumetric overload shocks (VOS) that cause ARDS and hundreds of thousands of patients death per year though remain unrecognized and underestimated

Wallenberg syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by neurological symptoms conditioned by the total or partial occlusion of the basilar artery or one of it’s branches, mainly the posterior-inferior cerebellar artery which supplies the lower face of the vermis, central nuclei of the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle, so the symptomatology is closely related to the areas compromised by ischemia, the most frequent symptoms being: ataxia and/or dysmetria - diadochokinesis, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, dysphagia, dysarthria and in extensive cases ipsilateral facial hemihypoesthesia and contralateral hemianesthesia. We present the case of a 67 years old male patient who clinically debut with some of these neurological symptoms, so the diagnostic approach was by means of MRI of the skull.

Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is characterized by contiguous inflammatory lesion of spinal cord extending to three or more vertebral segments. NMO is invariably the most common cause of LETM. Other causes of LETM are infective, neoplastic, autoimmune and connective tissue disorders. All other causes should be ruled out before diagnosis of NMO with appropriate investigations, as early diagnosis and management is essential for optimal outcome [1]. The syndrome can be roughly divided into two groups based on whether the syndrome is complete or partial. However, the clinical and radiologic findings do not always co-associate

Both Plasmodium vivax malaria and Scrub Typhus has numerous reported neurological complications. In our case a middle-aged man presented with quadriparesis with history of high-grade fever with chills and rigor. On investigation, serum potassium found to be low and Plasmodium vivax ring form was found in blood smear. Patient started intravenous Potassium supplementation along with Anti-malarial therapy. Weakness improved within 48 hours of potassium supplementation, but fever persists after three days of antimalarials. On through examination we found an eschar in the back region and subsequently Scrub Typhus serology (IgM) came Positive, fever subsided after starting Doxycycline. Hypokalemia often seen in children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection. But co-infection of Plasmodium vivax malaria with Scrub typhus can also cause severe form of hypokalemia which may lead to even hypokalemic quadriparesis. This is very much atypical presentation in a rickettsia and parasitic co-infection which has not been previously reported.

We present a 30-year-old man who was diagnosed with Vanishing White Matter disease at the age of 9. VWMS is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by progressive white matter deterioration, due to mutations in either one of the five subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2B. The classic phenotype includes ataxia, spasticity, cognitive decline and seizures from early childhood. As young adult, our patient showed severe spastic tetraparesis with spasms and neck muscle stiffness with right laterocollis. Clonazepam, baclofen and botulinum injections were tried with poor results. THC-CBD spray at the dose of 4 sprays per day improved muscular pain, spasms and night sleep, reduced modestly spasticity and caused only mild drowsiness. To maximize the spasticity treatment, a baclofen intrathecal infusion pump was positioned, but Sativex® was continued after surgery for its positive effect on patient’s quality of life.

Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disease, is a public health problem because it is frequent, potentially serious, cosmo-politan without distinction of age, sex or race [1]. Objective: To study the contribution of electroencephalography in the diagnosis and management of epilepsy in newborns: aged between 2 and 3 months. Material and Methods: Descriptive and analytical retrospective analysis carried out during the period 2017 - 2020, i.e. 36 months. Results: The age group concerned were predominantly month-old infants with 50% of cases, followed by newborns under one month with 28.6% and 21.4% of cases, respectively. The male sexes were mainly concerned, in 92% of cases and a sex ratio of 13. The main indications of the electroencephalogram were represented by chronic tonic convulsive seizures (92%), followed by non-febrile neonatal convulsions and focal seizures in respectively 21.4% of cases.

Treatments for bruxism in the elderly is one of the major therapeutic challenges and is significant. Also, there is no definitive treatment, unit and specific instructions for treatment. The first line of treatment for bruxism is always non-drug treatment in the form of behavior therapy. In this article, we tried to have a brief discussion of non-drug treatments. Bruxism is defined as a daily or nocturnal functional activity, including squeezing, restraining, grinding teeth, severe contraction of facial muscles, annoying noises of grinding teeth at night, and tooth wear, which include sleeping and waking teeth

Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is the mainstay of surgery for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Howev-er it is estimated that upto 20% of patients have unfavourable results after TURP, suggesting certain other factors affecting outcome of TURP. Neurological changes occurring in the urinary bladder in patients with long standing BPH have been widely postulated as the reason for this poor outcome in some patients. This study was undertaken to assess the role of various intrinsic factors other than neurological causes, influencing outcome of TURP for BPH.

Mild cognitive disorder (MCI) may precede the onset of cognitive decline. Neuroinflammation may have a leading role in early phase of many neurocognitive diseases and may represent a useful target to limit MCI progression. Palmitoylethanolamide is endowed with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Its formulation containing luteolin (PEALut) has been found to improve memory impairments in experimental models and in cognitively impaired patients suggesting its potential use for delaying the dementia onset. This retrospective study provides a preliminary evaluation of PEALut effect on clinical aspects in MCI subjects. Data related to three MCI subject groups, matched case control for age, sex and comorbidity, were obtained via retrospective chart review. Groups received PEALut, dietary food and no treatment, respectively.

The MTHFRC677T polymorphism is involved in several pathologies.Objectives: We report one case of headache associated with the MTHFR T677T genotype in a woman. Observation: A 39-year-old woman was admitted in neurology department on March 12, 2012 for headaches with feet and hands parathesia for several months. The physical examination had noted a decrease in osteotendinous reflexes and an abolition of the plantar cutaneous reflex. Hamilton’s 17-item depression score was 7. In the etiological investigation of probable polyneuropathy, homocysteine was 88.39 µmol/l (standard < 15 µmol/l), folates 2.34 nmol/l (standard = 11 nmol/l) and vitamin B12 132 pmol/l (standard = 147 pmol/l). The aetiological investigation of this hyperhomocysteinemia revealed an MTHFRT677T genotype.