Postoperative neurological complications are gaining world- wide attention due to medico-legal aspects and more importantly long term functional outcomes that are detrimental especially in the elderly population with increased mortality and financial bur- den on society. Hence, it becomes necessary to identify risks and take measures that would decrease chances of peri operative and post operative surgical complications.

Hypnic headache (HH) is a rare primary headache disorder typically affecting the elderly population, characterized by recurrent attacks of headache occurring strictly during sleep. A 68 year old hypertensive female presented with repeated attacks of nocturnal headache occurring exclusively during sleep around 2:00 am for the last 5 months. The pain is bilateral diffuse dull aching type last- ing for 1-2 hours. Her general physical and detailed systemic examinations were unremarkable.

Rehabilitation is a process of education of the disabled person with the ultimate aim of assisting that individual to cope with fami- ly, friends, work, and leisure as independently as possible [1]. Neu- rological rehabilitation denotes the medical subspecialty in the clinical interface between rehabilitation medicine and neurology.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability worldwide with an incidence of 1.6/1,000 Live Birth (LB) for high income and 3.0033/1000 Live Births (LB) for low and middle income countries(4). Over the past 10 years, there has been rising trends in the number of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Eritrea; the reasons of which are not clear to date.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function. SCI is a life-changing event which has profound effects on domains like physical,psychological, social, sexual, and vocational aspects of the person, with SCI. This injury is a high-cost chronic disability, and the longterm complications increase morbidity and decrease community participation and health-related quality of life. The psycho-social impact of the SCI is more concerned and has a major impact on the affected individuals, their families and the society

Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) are associated with high rates of comorbid behavioral problems leading to increased need for crisis interventions, ER visits and health care spending. These patients often end up with polypharmacy of multiple psychotropic medications and complexities secondary to the associated side effects, which may often be irreversible. Not having a proper guideline also makes it difficult for physicians to select appropriate medications.

Vaccination can be regarded as one of the safest modes of medical management, owing to the fact that it’s constructed for administration to perfectly healthy individuals [1]. Due to the historical evidence to strengthen its claim, and the eradication of certain diseases following universal vaccination, vaccines have been accepted all over the globe. However, there do remain individuals or groups and sects, who harbour aversion to vaccines; who either completely refuse the administration of vaccines or who practice considerably delayed administration, owing to their scepticism. Studies have often reflected bleak confidence of the general population in the procedure and outcome of vaccination, even in those compliant with the prevalent norms of vaccination.

Introduction: Post-stroke epilepsy is the leading cause of epilepsy in the elderly. The diagnosis can be difficult in case of non-convul- sive manifestations. So-called novel anti-epileptic drugs are more appropriate as low-dose monotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiological, electro-clinical and therapeutic aspects of post-stroke epilepsy in our practice. Patients and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a descriptive and analytical aim over a period of 12 months. We interviewed, reviewed and consulted records of inpatients during the study period. Chi2, t-student and Anova tests were used for the comparison of variables

A 70-year-old male, with alcohol and nicotine dependence presented to casualty in a state of altered consciousness after accidental overnight LPG gas exposure. Over the next 2 weeks he had residual fatigability, discontinued his work, and remained abstinent from substances henceforth, otherwise was asymptomatic. In the 3rd week, he started to develop confusion, disorientation, irritability, urinary incontinence, decreased self-care, aggression and reduced oral intake. Over the next 2 days developed catatonic symptoms. Routine investigations found within normal limits. MRI-Brain revealed features suggestive of toxic leukoencephalopathy. Minimal improvement in catatonic symptoms was noted with Lorazepam. Nootropics, Steroids, Antioxidants and Multivitamins were added along with supportive care. Over the subsequent two weeks completely was bedbound, his Glasgow coma scale score deteriorated to E4V2M3. He succumbed to death.

Background: With the growth of the elderly population in most societies and the increase of chronic diseases, the increase of care costs, the expansion of mononuclear families, a number of elderly people are sent to nursing homes. Objective: The purpose of this study is to help choose a correct place to continue the life of the elderly Results: A review of studies shows that nursing homes have a negative effect on the health of the elderly. And it should not be the first choice to continue the life of the elderly. The elderly who are with their families have a better quality of life and the conditions of healthy and active aging are more likely to be realized

Primary spontaneous intra-parenchymal haematomas are associated with high morbidity and mortality and are rarely operated on. The aim of this study is to report the characteristics of primary intra-parenchymal haematomas operated in two neurosurgical centres in Madagascar

Introduction/Background: Stroke is being noticed as the most prevalence cause of upper extremity (UE) impairments. Visual and motor pathway disruption results in disoriented eye-hand coordination. Mirror therapy (MT) established significant evidence for rehabilitation after stroke for UE. Remapping and visual illusion of active hand in place of affected UE can improve eye movements and hand coordination.

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is often caused by arterial compression of the root exit zone of the facial nerve. HFS caused by venous compression is rare. In this report, we describe a case of microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm caused by venous compression, with excellent results. The patient was a 68-year-old man with right HFS for 3 years (2019~2022). Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated that the facial nerve was compressed by a vein rather than an artery. We performed MVD of the facial nerve

What are the types of pituitary stem cells (PSS)? The pea-sized pituitary gland located at the sella turcica is made up of two main structures: anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) [1]. Adenohypophysis encompasses the stem cell candidates of the gland, which are: folliculostellate cells, follicular cells, marginal zone cells, side population cells, pi- tuitary colony-forming cells, sex-determining region Y (SRY) box 2+ (SOX2+) cells, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha 2/Prophet of POU domain class 1 transcrip- tion factor/Stem cells (GFRa2/Prop1/SCs) [2]. There is compelling evidence on behalf of all of these cell groups being the stem cells (SCs) of the pituitary, but the findings are still controversial, and more research is needed.

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is often caused by arterial compression of the root exit zone of the facial nerve. HFS caused by venous compression is rare. In this report, we describe a case of microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm caused by venous compression, with excellent results. The patient was a 68-year-old man with right HFS for 3 years (2019~2022). Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated that the facial nerve was compressed by a vein rather than an artery. We performed MVD of the facial nerve