Aim: Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors (EGGCT) are rare malignancies which represent a unique entity because their biology and behavior is substantially different from the tumors whose source is the gonads. Methods: All cases of Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors diagnosed and treated at the Department of Oncology of the General Hospital in Mexico City between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated to determine the clinical and pathological characteristics of the tumors as well as the different treatments utilized and follow-up. Results: Among a total of 50 patients, the mediastinum was the most frequent location, being found in 46 patients followed by 2 in the retroperitoneal space, 1 in the ethmoidal air cells, and 1 in the pineal gland. The predominant histopathology was a mixed germinal tumor in 82% of the cases with the rest being pure seminomas. All patients received first-line systemic treatment followed by surgery or second-line treatment according to their initial response to therapy. Conclusions: Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors require a multidisciplinary approach to achieve an adequate diagnosis and treatment. The clinical and pathological differences like tumor site, histopathological type, and tumor stage influence the progression-free survival and the global overall survival.

Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal is one of the useful approach to explore cardiac activity, and extract many features to help researchers to develop technic that may serve medical stuff to the diagnosis of several cardiac diseases. For people when it comes to a heart activity problem it is a serious health matter that need special care. In this paper, the importance is given to heart murmurs to highlight their impact. Heart murmurs are very common disease in world and depend on their severity they could be life-threatening point; therefore, the purpose of this paper is focused on three essential steps: first is to design an algorithm to extract only heart murmurs from a pathological Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal as a basic background to the whole work. Than calculate their severity based on Energy Ratio (ER) which is recommended by recent studies as an effective factor, in order to classify them to mild, medium and severe murmurs. In other hand, this classification will served to study the impact of severity of systolic and diastolic murmurs on cardiac variability, which is very important indicator on general health of human body. This study is done on consider number of patients and its reveal on very interesting results.

Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) therapy is a non-invasive and non-thermal treatment widely used nowadays to treat various types of disorders and traumas, both in humans and animals. Initially applied only for wound healing, today it finds many applications in medicine for the treatment of bone fractures, arthritis, inflammation, edema, and pain. Although their mechanisms of action are still being studied today, and mainly related to the calcium signaling pathway, they are effective in the adjuvant treatment of many human diseases in different medical specialties. This work aims to report the main evidence and research in the medical field with particular reference to the application of PEMF to some medical specialties as regenerative medicine (wound care), sports medicine, orthopedics, and physiotherapy. Finally, this work also wanted to deepen one of the most recent applications of PEMF in the field of complex diseases, i.e. in the adjuvant treatment of cancer. Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy may play an important role in medicine as a complementary treatment for various human diseases and, by deepening the studies in the future, it will be possible not only to understand the exact mechanisms of action but also to extend its application to other pathologies both in the medical and veterinary fields.

Introduction: It is well known that a family history of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) strongly increases the risk of developing AAA, but it is still unknown whether familial AAAs develop differently than non-familial AAAs. Objectives: To investigate whether familial AAAs develop more aggressively than non-familial AAAs by looking at the growth rate, risk of surgery and rupture, as well as the size of the aneurysm at the time of diagnosis and the patient’s age at the time of operation, rupture and diagnosis. Design: Observational retrospective longitudinal study. Materials and Methods: 318 patients with AAA diagnosed between 1996-2008 in Jutland, Denmark with information on family history of AAA, the diameter of AAA throughout follow-up, surgery, ruptures, comorbidity, smoking, and use of medication. Patients with and without a family history of AAA were compared regarding mean age at diagnosis and surgery, the diameter of AAA at diagnosis, risk of surgery and rupture as well as comorbidity and use of medication. Mean growth rates were compared between the two groups and a mixed-effects model was fitted to control for confounders. Results: We included 93 patients with and 225 without a family history of AAA. Patients with a family history of AAA ere significantly younger than patients with no family history of the disease (69.8 vs. 72.4 years, p=0.032), but we found no significant differences in age at operation (72.2 vs. 70.6, p=0.204), the proportion of patients experiencing rupture (16.0 vs. 10.6%, p=0.226) or undergoing surgery (78.2% vs. 81.7%, p=0.484). We found no significant difference in growth rates between the two groups; 5.25 mm/year for patients with positive family history and 6.19 mm/year for patients with no family history of AAA (p=0.490). Conclusions: We found no evidence to suggest that AAA develops more aggressively in patients with a positive family history of the disease.