The purpose of this review article is to discuss in detail Six Sigma in the pharmaceutical industry. This article highlights the history, benefits, characteristics, implementation, methodology, organization, Certifications, and Applications of Six Sigma. The goal of this technique is to decrease unnecessary expenses, improving customer loyalty by offering exactly what the user wants. This process involves a systematic approach and assigns participants specific tasks. It is an approach for Improving Processes, Reducing Process Uncertainty, and Reducing Defects that are driven by business. It is a process improvement strategy used in the pharmaceutical industry to reduce waste, enhance profitability, and enhance product standards and user needs

Background: Assessment of gastrointestinal (GI) biomarkers involved in diagnosis of GI diseases and cancers is difficult. Measurement of biomarkers is a valuable tool for the assessment of inflammatory bowel diseases and malignancies. Objectives: To review the role of various biomarkers in diagnosis of GI disease. Methods: The primary studies have been screened from different databases , PMC , NLM , Scopus , Google scholar etc. all the information have been reviewed and considered after consulting with medical subject headings. Result: Many research efforts in the GI field have been placed on finding non-invasive and reliable biomarkers of GI disease that can be easily tested in body fluids without impacting the quality of life of patients. Unfortunately, the ideal biomarker is yet to be discovered and recent studies have investigated the possibility to increase the accuracy of such measurements by combining different markers. Conclusions: we provide an update about the current knowledge on GI biomarkers, focusing on disease diagnosis, correlation with endoscopic findings, and prediction of relapse. We also summarize composite scores of clinical and laboratory markers that have been recently proposed in various scenarios of GI diseases.

The current threatening outbreak of the world which is caused due to SARS-CoV-2 is COVID-19, reports suggest that bats are the initial reservoir of this virus but intermediate source are not confirmed. Seafood market of Wuhan, Hubaei province are responsible for initiating the spread of this small crown shaped single stranded RNA virus which now infected around 12.7 million across the 213 countries, since it is satisfying stats that are recovered with the recovery rate of 24%. It is challenging for the world how they will secure global health in the time of pandemic. This Review includes complete stats of a novel corona virus which now become a global health emergency.

Depressive disorders have become a serious illness affecting millions worldwide, which prominently affects day to day life activities of patients affected with the disorder. It becomes a long term illness gradually requiring prompt therapy to prevent certain risk associated with the illness chiefly suicidal risk. Traditional antidepressants generally required weeks to months to generate any response from patients, having delayed onset of action which may become cumbersome and quite expensive for the population in need. However, the introduction of certain antidepressants with a faster onset of action, such as mirtazapine changed the conventional approaches. Electronic search was performed to identify and include relevant studies done under topic of interest since from 1999 to 2020. This paperbriefly reviews the various published literature on mirtazapine to come up with sufficient evidence illustrating its faster onset of action compared to several other antidepressants using certain comparison studies emphasizing its benefits along with risk.

Pain is an overall term that depicts any sort of unpleasant or awkward sensation in the body. Pain management is most important challenge in medical and dental field. Local anesthetics are backbone of pain control techniques. These represent safest and most effective method for managing pain associated with medical and dental treatment. Local anesthetics are the drugs which provides loss of sensation in circumscribed area without loss of consciousness. These drugs are in opposite to general anethesia. In order to induce anesthesia in a given area, a weak solution of anesthetic drug is applied topically to mucous membrane or injected hypodermically. It interferes with excitation process of the nerve membrane. Local anesthetics are reversible in nature with very less side effects and toxicity. Local anesthetics are widely used by the clinicians. Understanding the pharmacology and mechanism behind the action of these local anesthetics is of importance for more efficient clinical outcome. Potency, speed of onset, duration of action and safety of a specific drug in a given clinical situation depends upon properties of the local anesthetic. Other factors influencing anesthetic properties are dosage and vasoconstrictors concentration present in the solution. Local anesthetics travel many tissue barriers to reach their site of action. Local Anesthetics are toxic on many tissues but clinically apparent nerve damage is very rare. Local anesthetics induced toxicity after peripheral nerve block has a good prognosis overall. This article focuses on basic structure, function, mechanism of action and different techniques of local anesthesia.

The pandemic of COVID-19 is an extreme respiratory ailment brought about by human Covid (HCoV), otherwise called SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)- CoV-2 or novel Corona virus. COVID- 19 is an exceptionally infectious illness brought about by SARS- CoV- 2. The sickness might fluctuate from asymptomatic cases, gentle side effects to life- compromising intricacies like ARDS, multiorgan disappointment, sepsis, and demise. Specifically, older with comorbid conditions are at higher danger. The COVID-19 flare-up is as yet difficult for clinicians. The seriousness of COVID-19 has brought about a worldwide race to find the right antiviral treatment that decreases the danger of inconveniences and works on persistent result. This review emphasizes on the different aspects of COVID-19 such as the epidemiolo- gy, clinical features and preventive measures to be adopted in order to fight this pandemic.

Background: Coronavirus outbreak looms with fear and uncertainty. Public awareness is considered as one of the most important determinants of control and preventive measures of the disease. During this global healthcare crisis, this study aims to assess the determinants of knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19. Methodology: This online cross-sectional study was conducted by employing a self-administered questionnaire to assess the KAP towards COVID-19 among general public. The time frame for this study was 10th April to 30th April 2020. The survey was conducted through various social media platforms. Descriptive statistical methods were majorly employed to summarize the data on demographic characteristics and responses to questions concerning KAP towards COVID-19. The data was summarized as frequencies and percentages (%) for categorical variables. The Independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, chi square test, multiple linear regression analyses, and multinomial/binary logistic regression analysis were also employed. A p value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: A total of 515 participants completed the online survey questionnaire with mean age of 25.1 years ranging from of 18-70 years. Male participants (271) were slightly higher than females (244), a majority of which 450 (87.4%) were unmarried, more than half of them 281 (54.6%) held a masters degree or above, and 351 (68.2%) were students. The overall average COVID-19 knowledge score (SD) was 11.7 (2.121) with 78% (11.7/15*100) correct rate in the knowledge section. The correct response percentage of the 15 questions on the COVID-19 knowledge questionnaire was in the range of 30.48-98.44%. The majority of the respondents agreed that COVID-19 will be successfully controlled and had confidence that India can win this battle, maintaining social distance along with personal hygiene. Most of the participants did not visit any crowded place (93.5%), wore masks before going out (90.6%). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Indian adults demonstrated good knowledge, a positive attitude and practice towards COVID-19. However, knowledge was lower among older adults and less educated groups. But lack of specific treatment attracts more coordinated efforts to educate and practice the preventive measures.