Objective: In this study, the differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were investigated in rats given Vaccinium myrtillus (blueberry) extract. Methods: Biochemical parameters albumin (Alb), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), amylase (AMY), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), calcium (Ca), creatinine (CRE), potassium (K), sodium (Na), phosphorus (Phos), total bilirubin (TBIL), total protein (TP), fasting glucose (FG), total cholesterol (TC), and hematologic parameters such as WBC, LYM, MON, NEU, LY, MO, NE, RBC, HGB, HCT MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, PLT, PCT, MPV, PDW levels were measured. In the study, rats were used as animal material. The rats were separated into two groups, each of which included 10 rats. Ad libitum fed rats were subjected to the control group. In the group of blueberry extract for a period of 8 weeks of the experiment the rate of 20 mg/kg were mixed with drinking water. Results: Completion of the process of the experiment, after obtaining blood samples from the above parameters, creatinine: 0.48 from 0:41 to fell in value. MPV: 6.48 from 6.30 a, PDW: 33.40 from the 32.48 level have fallen. But no significant changes were observed outside of these parameters. Conclusion: As a result, there is a negative impact on blood parameters of blueberry on the contrary due to the significant decrease in the values of MPV and PDW, which is a risk factor for hardening of the arteries as a result of oxidative damage fragmented platelets sticking to the walls of arteries and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis be considered.

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the leading cause of the world-wide mortality and morbidity, is a crucial disease. Although it takes a long time, the lack of awereness of COPD causes a delay for applying to a doctor. This situation is one of the most important factors hindering the therapy. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to investigate awareness of COPD knowledge, smoking-COPD relationships, the causes of COPD, the therapy methods and the knowledge sources. Methods: This study was carried out in the city of Ankara, the region of Mamak. The population including the 100 people, over 40 years old, addicted to cigarette were included. The data was analyzed by using SPSS 20 package programme. Results: It was detected that only 34% of the population recognized the term “COPD” as a “pulmonary disease”. Otherwise, %62 of them chose “cigarette and alcohol” as the answer to the causes of COPD. “Being treated (%37)”, “quiting smoking (%29)” and “use medicine (%17) ” were chosen as the answers of prevention methods. Conclusion: It was detected that the knowledge about COPD in the population was low. But the knowledge about the factors playing an important role in the development of COPD was in midlevel. It is a crucial fact that well knowing about the risk factors causing COPD is a significant issue for providing the awareness. We think the epidemiological studies would contribute to develop an international policy for an effective fighting against COPD.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine knowledge and opinions about cervical cancer and HPV vaccination of midwifery students. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at the School of Health of State University between February 09, and 20, 2015. The universe of the study consisted of 349 midwifery students. It was tried to reach the universe without going to the sample selection in the research and 258 (73.9%) students were taken. "Participant Information Form" and the "Cervical Cancer and Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination the Knowledge and Beliefs Form" developed by the researchers by reviewing the related literature were used for data collection. Study data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS 18.0 software package. Data were expressed as “mean±standard deviation”, number and percentage where appropriate Results: The average age of the students in the study was 20.41 ± 1.57 (min 17- max 26), 27.5% of the students were in the first, 30.6% in the second, 23.6% in the third and 18.2% in the fourth grade. In the study, It was found out that %9.3 of the students are medical vocational high school graduates, that 10.9% had no medical insurance and that 65.1% of the student’s mothers, 55.0% of the student’s fathers were primary school graduates. It was determined that 8.5% of the students (n=21) had sexual intercourse and 33% of these students had unprotected sexual intercourse. Students figured out that 71.2% had heard of pap smear test, 85.9% had known which pap smear test is a cervical cancer screening test, 54.3% had known that HPV is the virus causes cervical cancer, 44.9% had known that the pap smear test should be done once a year and 69.4% had known that HPV was a sexually transmitted disease. Also, the students reported that 71.4% had heard HPV, 78.4% would recommend it to their relatives and 77.3% would like to have it if they had a child. The students of 85.2% recommended the HPV vaccine should be added to the national vaccination schedule. Conclusion: In this study were obtained that the majority of students had knowledge of pap smear test and HPV, would recommend HPV vaccination and added to the national vaccination schedule. These results are thought to contribute to the planning of training programs for cervical cancer and HPV students.

Objective: To determine the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and the associated factors in children living in Turkey. Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted with 114 children (aged 1-18)in Aydin in 2009. Introductory Questionnaire Form, Modified Mallampati Score and modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used in the data collection process. Results: The symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome were respectively determined as follows; having a sleepless mood in 36.8%, snoring in 26.3%, frequent awakings from sleep in 22.8%, having a difficulty in keeping awake in the daytime in 21.1%, morning headaches in 13.2%, frequent urinatings at night in 11.4% and apnea in 3.5%. According to the modified Mallampati Score, 14.9% of children comprise the group with a risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. It was determined that 2.63% of children had the problem of excessive daytime sleepiness and the score of modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale was significantly higher in boys and smokers. Conclusion: It was determined that approximately 15% of children had the risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and the most frequent symptoms were respectively as follows; having a sleepless mood, snoring, frequent awakings from sleep, having a difficulty in keeping awake in the daytime, morning headaches, frequent urinatings at night and apnea. It was also determined that excessive daytime sleepiness was observed in 2.63% of children and it was higher in boys and smokers.

The definition and lines of poverty, a multidimensional and complex phenomenon, can be varied according to the levels of development of countries and the scales of consumption. It is a fact that poverty, an international problem, is inadequate to describe by the economic dimension which only expresses minimum living standards because of having social needs besides the physical needs of the individual. Although more than one billion people in the world during the period 1990-2015 were saved from extreme poverty, currently 767 million people live under the extreme poverty line of $1,90. Compared to adults, children have a higher risk of encountering to poverty.

In recent years, toxic and potentially toxic substances have increased. These toxic substances affect the human health and environment in a negative way. It has been used many model organisms to show the negative effects. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is one of the most important model organisms used for the toxicity studies. This organism has lots of intended purposes. When compared to the other organisms, it has some advantages and disadvantages on the use of toxicology studies. One of the most important advantages is that thanks to the automatic high-scale scans, it can be performed to scan for toxicity of hundreds or even thousands of substances at the same time. In this compilation, informations have been provided about C. elegans and its use in toxicity studies.

Indexes that are accepted by international organizations use to understand the effects that the innovation has brought to the health institutions and the health sector. These indexes evaluate the level of innovation of countries and institutions. The aim of the study is to provide information about innovation indexes accepted by organizations in all sectors including health sector and to comment on the impacts of the incides on the health sector by giving opinions on Turkey. In order to achieve this purpose, the opinions of the indexes are compiled. According to the reviews, Turkey has taken positive steps on innovation but there are some points that Turkey should work. Besides these observations contributed to the interpretation of the effects on the health sector.