The Covid-19 pandemic changed the world and accelerated processes that could have taken decades without a pandemic. In this paper, the authors discuss the public and government responses to the new normal, nowadays reality, and most importantly, the legal regulations that have been enacted in different countries in response to the challenges. The paper discusses in detail issues related to security measures, social distance, gender issues, abortion, education and student mobility, employment, and entrepreneurship. A pandemic that has survived more than a year needs to be addressed. The decision-makers made efforts to create a provision for the influenza virus after it became prominent in society. The intention is not to be pessimistic but to be optimistic enough to create provisions for the future. Countries are aiming to achieve their commitments to recover from the pandemic. A pandemic demands a legal response as well as a social response. The research paper aimed to divert the attention of the readers to the untouched aspects of the law that are related to emergency situations, including pandemics. In the paper, we discuss the paradox of the pandemic, lockdown, and post-lock- down situations, as well as protests/riots, gender-based violence, healthcare, and education topics related to the changes that have taken place due to the pandemic.

In the digital era, technological advances have brought innovative opportunities. Artificial intelligence is a real instrument to provide automatic routine tasks in different fields (healthcare, education, the justice system, foreign and security policies, etc.). AI is evolving very fast. More precisely, robots as re-programmable multi-purpose devices designed for the handling of materials and tools for the processing of parts or specialized devices utilizing varying programmed movements to complete a variety of tasks.1 Regardless of opportunities, artificial intelligence may pose some risks and challenges for us. Because of the nature of AI ethical and legal questions can be pondered especially in terms of protecting human rights. The power of artificial intelligence means using it more effectively in the process of analyzing big data than a human being. On the one hand, it causes loss of traditional jobs and, on the other hand, it promotes the creation of digital equivalents of workers with automatic routine task capabilities. “Artificial intelligence must serve people, and therefore artificial intelligence must always comply with people’s rights,” said Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission.2 The EU has a clear vision of the development of the legal framework for AI. In the light of the above, the article aims to explore the legal aspects of artificial intelligence based on the European experience. Furthermore, it is essential in the context of Georgia’s European integration. Analyzing legal approaches of the EU will promote an approximation of the Georgian legislation to the EU standards in this field. Also, it will facilitate to define AI’s role in the effective digital transformation of public and private sectors in Georgia.

The work discusses Personal Data Protection system under the European Union law, also Personal Data Protection in Georgia and the compatibility of those two regimes. Moreover, there were men- tioned ways how Georgia can adopt regulations and harmonize its legislation, to be compatible with the European Union Personal Data Protection regime. The work emphasized efforts of Georgia on the path of developing its Personal Data Protection system. The many citizens of Georgia don’t even have a knowledge that their Personal Data has to be defended. Although, the court practice of Georgia revealed good developing signs in this field. If before there were not any cases concerning personal data protection, today we have some good decisions regarding the personal data protection. The data transfer between the European Union and Georgia, is also implemented in the Association Agreement between the European Union and Georgia. Here as well has to be mentioned that the Association Agreement was the greatest step for Georgia, it was the great opportunity to harmonize Georgian Personal Data system with a European. Step by step, Georgia is straining to become a member of the European Union. Thus, this work is a look through past and future of Georgian and EU relations in the field of Personal Data system.

This paper examines various laws governing telecommunication installations in Nigeria with a view to addressing the perceived shortcomings in the laws. While the National Environmental Standards Regulatory and Enforcement Agency Act (NESREA Act) and the National Communications Commission (NCC Act) have been enacted to solve the problems associated with the effects of telecommunication mast installation in public places, the outcome of these laws seem inadequate for failure to provide effective means of enforcing same. The study considered the provisions of NESREA Act which is the principal Law enacted for ensuring that environ- mental standards are maintained and protected in Nigeria and the provisions of NCC Act which is the law that establishes the principal body which regulates telecommunication installations in Nigeria as well as other legislations. While NESREA in its Regulation provided for a setback of 10 metres, the NCC Act provided for a setback of 5 metres, which often conflicts and put victims at disadvantage and also conflict between the two regulatory bodies. It was observed that serious environmental hazards are linked to installation of tele- communication masts within/close to residential premises. Among these are leukemia, cancer, cracks on the buildings, pollution, such as water, land and air. The problems also include telecommunication masts falling on buildings and sometimes death due to sub- standard materials used in the installation as against the stated standard by the controlling regulatory bodies.

This article examines the issue of information asymmetry in consumer law and deliberates on the necessity of regulation of the status of a consumer and their protection mechanisms. It is evident that the relevant Georgian law, by and large, does not guarantee the sufficient safeguarding level and thus the approximation to the respective EU legislation cannot be deemed successful in toto. Furthermore, this article analyzes the Draft Law of Georgia on the Protection of Consumer Rights and displays the possible challenges. In addition, the special emphasis is on consumer credit contracts. In the wake of the growing importance of behavioral analysis and its impact on the law and economics, the standard of an in- formed and rational consumer, which constitutes a cornerstone of the EU consumer law, is now highly debated. By reviewing some findings in behavioral law and economics, along with the international legislation and case law, it is argued that some im- plications of behavioralism should be taken into account in the field of consumer law.

Present work was written as a part of doctoral research. It aims to generate reasonable arguments on whether it is just to prosecute and punish a person that was entrapped by an agent-provocateur. In other words - does criminal entrapment constitute a substantive defence for an entrapped person or not? In scientific literature the matter is traditionally discussed within the scope of criminal procedure (admissibility of evidence, fair trial etc.) while arguments from substantive criminal law are rarely addressed. Thus, it remains un- clear whether the goals of punishment are achievable at all if an entrapped person gets sentenced. Thus, it is necessary to compre- hend the subject through the prism of goals of punishment name- ly: restoration of justice, special prevention of crime and general prevention of crime especially since all three are well-recognised by science of criminal law and current legislation. After detailed and consistent analysis done within research, there are good rea- sons to conclude that prosecution and following sentencing of an entrapped person: • Hinders restoration of justice • Hinders special prevention of crime • Partially hinders general prevention • Eventually, all that constitutes an important argument to consider entrapment as a substantive defence for the entrapped person.

This article is related to issues of interpretation of certain norms defined under General Administrative Code of Georgia and Law of Georgia on Police. In particular, Article 3 of the General Administrative Code of Georgia regulates the scope of this code. However, pro-vision of the Article 4 does not contain any reference to the administrative offenses committed by the police and other administrative bodies, what in specific cases may lead to ambiguity in regards the scope of this code – as subject required by the General Administrative Code of Georgia and Administrative Offenses Code of Georgia, in both cases is an authorized administrative body (officials). Responding to administrative offenses by police is an important part of the activities carried out by the state authority (police). There- fore, Law of Georgia on Police distinguishes preventive function of the police from function of responding to offense. Also, the Article 5 of the law defines legal grounds for police activities, however this article does not contain specific references to Administrative Offenses Code of Georgia what can be deemed as legislative shortcoming. Taking into consideration the above-mentioned, in order to clarify the law and to achieve objective goal of the legal norm, below listed terms shall be added to 1. General Administrative Code of Georgia Section 4, Article 3, and 2. Law of Georgia on Police, Article 5.

The goal of the present article is to give the reader an insight in the problems of regulating pet issues in Georgia, as well as ongoing trends and up-to-date views in the European countries, to identify the causes of problems of legal regulation and management in the given field and to give an impetus to those interested in the topic and problems to find ways to address the problem. The source of the article was the effective legislation of Georgia, which was duly studied, including the normative acts adopted by the central authority and municipal bodies, as wellas the nation- al legislations of the European countries, international legal documents and the managerial practice of the branch in Georgia. Following the study of the problem considered in the article, it was found that Georgia lacks a single legal framework to systematically and thoroughly regulate pet issues. Neither does the country have a legislative act that would define the status of pets. Consequently, there is no quality and comprehensive legal document at the municipal level derived from the nationwide legislative act. There have been attempts at the levels of both, the central government and concrete municipalities, to address pet issues. However, such attempts are fragmental and non-systemic and fail to cover complex measures. As a result, it is impossible to obtain a desirable outcome in respect of safety of people and animals and protection of animal rights.

The protection of personal human rights is especially important after the death of the victim. First of all, it is necessary to determine what is meant by the personal rights of a person, what personal rights can be protected after the death of the victim, in order to determine what is meant by the protection of the personal rights of the deceased. Then it is necessary to find out what the characteristics of a person are, by whom, how and in what form these rights are protected, and what harm can be caused by the violation of personal rights. It is true that the violation of personal rights is not allowed by law, but, nevertheless, there are many facts around us when the personal rights of the deceased and the living are violated. It is also desirable to protect personal rights acquired at birth from being violated by others both during the life and after the death of the victim. It is true that a person with personal rights protects his life and can claim compensation for property and / or non-property damage, but after the death of the victim, the law prohibits relatives or friends of the deceased from claiming compensation. for moral damage in violation of these rights. However, if a person was rehabilitated after his / her death, but the unlawful condemnation of the victim or other illegal legal actions damaged both the name and reputation of the heir, it is recommended to give the victim’s heir the right to claim compensation for the damage directly caused to him.

The inheritance right is one of the basic human rights, which is protected and guaranteed by the Constitution. This fact implies that the state has certain obligations to recognize this right. The article deals with the case where the heir does not want to receive the inheritance because the testator has creditors who seek to meet the obligations left by the testator. This issue has become more frequent in recent years, as it is not yet regulated at the legislative level, so I will offer recommendations to the public. The study reveals the difficulties associated with this case of in- admissibility of the estate, when the main purpose of the heir is to avoid liability to the creditors of the testator, both by will and by law. The study discusses in each case, the inadmissibility of the entire estate, as well as the inadmissibility of part of it, as well as the case of liability to several creditors of the heir. I think the discussion of this issue will be really new for the Georgian legislation, because the Civil Code does not fully regulate this topic and it can be boldly said that the research issue will not lose its relevance in practice.

In modern criminology, the threefold division of the causes of crime is accepted: physical; Anthropological and social. However, it should be noted that in modern criminology there is an opinion that the reasons are divided into two parts. In particular, physical factors should be removed from this classification and the causes of crime should be divided into social and anthropological categories. For modern criminology, in relation to the causes of crime, it would be most appropriate to take into account the vast experience of the past and to conduct our further research in a three-part classification: studying anthropological, physical and social causes and influencing these causes, developing prevention measures. Experience has clearly shown that the science of criminology in the fight against crime, occupies a leading place among the social sciences, whose recommendations should be taken into account as much as possible in the social control of crime.

Private international law plays an important role in defining applicable law and regulating private international law relations. Foreign law is significantly different from local law. Judges do not have the right to change the content of foreign law, they simply have the opportunity to reject or apply foreign law. When a judge is obliged to make a decision based on the rules of national law in the process of legal proceedings, it is clear that the law of a foreign country can- not enjoy the same status. The issue of determining the content of foreign law and its application remains one of the most problematic issues in the private international law of countries around the world. French case law has gone through a difficult and controversial path to formulate a decisive position on the application of foreign law. Resolving this problem was especially important for France, as the courts of this country have to deal with a large number of international litigation cases. The basis for the application of foreign law is the choice of French private international law rules, as a particular legal relationship is subject to regulation by a foreign legal system. Thus, French courts apply foreign law to administer high-quality justice, as finding the right solution lies in applying foreign law.