L’intervieweurdel’entretienlittéraireexerce,deparsesquestionsetinterventions,unimpactmajeur sur le discours de son ou de ses interlocuteurs en se distinguant principalement par le rôle d’assurer lemaintiendel’échangeverbal.Àpartird’uneétudedecasdecegenreparticulier,notreattentionestportée essentiellement sur l’étude de la construction de « l’ethos» et ce dans le but de comprendre les comportements discursifs des acteurs sociaux avec l’hypothèse que les images identitaires du couple discursif « intervieweur/ interviewé » se construisent enmiroir.

This article revolves around a basic idea that human sciences suffer from an epistemological crisis, which has led to a state of cognitive alienation. The mentioned state is confirmed by the French philosopher Roger Garaudy, whose insights have been used in approaching this subject. Garaudy sees that the positivistic philosophy is responsible of the crisis. This philosophy formed the cognitive outlook that framed the human sciences, where positivistic thought was mixed up with scientific thought. In light of that, human sciences followed the footsteps of natural sciences, where the human has been reduced to the material dimension, and put under the implementation of the same methods applied in the natural sciences. Therefore, the human has been emptied of its human dimensions, and here lies the crisis.

This research aims at determining the relationship between urban design and urban land, the latter represents the future reserve for urban projects, which are characterized by a great consumption of urban soils. In this research, we tackle this theme through a sampling method by taking two samples in two different places in the city of Mila, and then we try to put into practice a strategy for the valorization and good management of urban land

The study aimed to identify the relationship between the degrees of cognitive representation models of information and the degrees of learning and recall skills of the students of the Faculty of Social Sciences at Bordj Bou Arreridj University. It intended to find out if there were differences between the students of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Bordj Bou Arreridj in the models of cognitive representation of information, learning skills, and the university, which was conducted on a random sample size (149 students). The researcher reached the following results, After analyzing the data: there is a correlation between the degrees of cognitive representation models of information and the degrees of learning skills and memorization among students, there were no differences in the models of cognitive representation of information, learning skills and memorization among students of the Faculty by sex variable and university level.

The natural environment is avital target during the war. The hostilities are directed directly at them. In most wars, the parties of the conflict have not taken into account the rules of protection of the environment in international law, especially with the development of weapons and methods Including international weapons of mass destruction and geo-physical weapons. There is no doubt that the rules on international responsibility in international law in general and international humanitarian law in particular for violations to the environment in the period of armed conflict are taken into account in accordance with the rules of public international law with regard to the responsibility of the wrongdoing State in case of non respect of the obligations imposed by international law, thereby contributing significantly to the protection of the environment.

Theater is an intellectual and artistic activity that has its own rules and conditions. If we submit it to a celebratory status, it becomes a festive theater and the way in which it is transmitted changes and becomes based on the ceremonial perception of which the origin was a social manifestation and the attempt to constitute it in a coherent intellectual system then becomes a philosophy. The concept of philosophy does not refer here to the notion of doctrine, but the experience of the celebrants aims to know how to elaborate a theater combining the different patrimonial aspects in a specific form (ceremonial) and its expression through a specific and different language. This construction lends itself at the same time to initiative, development and criticism. This research deals with festive theater as one of the most important trends in Arab theater through its definition, conditions, functions and sources.

The objective of the curricula reformation is to equip the teachers with professional practices and preparing them to train learners through an educational program to use important learning skills as to facilitate their educational and social integration. These practices will be based on a good perception of the theoretical referential of thoughts including constructivism, socioconstructivism, as well as the set of learning strategies and the adequate education which are founded on learners active involvement into learning and activities, mainly training learners to use problem-solving, project-based learning, discovery learning, cooperative learning, etc. In addition, the recommendation of integrating the previously mentioned learning activities into the curricula counting on the enclosed relevant documents as to ensure the efficiency of the educational training attributed to the teachers.

The reform of the education system aims at empowering learners with competencies that meet the requirements of the world of work and enable them to adapt linguistic and cognitive skills that qualify them to become social actors who are saturated with ethical values, humanity and positive citizenship in their local and international dimension.The school is the most suitable place to prepare young people to meet the challenges imposed by globalization through the curriculum and contents of the curriculum at different stages of education.

This paper aims to highlight the impact of media policy on addressing economic in order to find the appropriate solutions and contribute to the achievement of comprehensive development, especially at the present time, which is experiencing increasing economic problems and crises that negatively affect the national economy threatening the stability of the state and all components of society. Thus, it calls for the need to combine the efforts of all social, cultural, political, economic, and media institutions to reduce the development of economic crises, and face the impact on various levels. As one of the sources of economic information in a time of crisis, media must plan the contents of the so-called crisis information, in a studied scientific way, in choosing, presenting and publishing the information, using specialists and qualified reporters to deal positively with these urgent crises.

Security studies are an important part of scientific research, whose analysis and interpretation have differed according to the views of thinkers and researchers, across time and space, depending on its peculiarities, limits and characteristics. That is why the ideas and theories differed in the concept of study safety, starting with the philosophical aspect of thought with the ideal perception through the rational introduction of the school of realism and its traditional pioneers, and by the new tendencies that characterized the post-cold war era, through the dynamic theoretical interaction between several schools.

This historical study deals with the economic policy of the Algerian revolution in the region of Jijel (in the North East of Algeria) during the period between 1954 and 1962. The first period (from 1954 to 1956) was difficult because of lack of money supplies because the revolution was in its beginning and the harsh pressure exercised by the French colonialism. During that period, the economic system relied on what was collected from people who supported the revolution like zakat and Laashoor. The system had been flourished during the period from 1956 to 1962; thanks to a system of money supplies. This system was one of the results of the Sommam conference (August 20 1956).this systemt had been supported by an agricultural system which stood on taking advantages of the resources of the region of Jijel, and exchanged them with neighbors ( oil for cereals as an example). The troops which were composed of mules carried the products and walked through very difficult paths from the hills of Milla and setif to the mountains to the national liberation army. These products had been preserved thanks to a financial system which preserved all the resources of the revolution. Thus the revolution in the region of Jijel presents a miniature sample of the Algerian revolution in all its different systems.

Proponents of the pedagogical approach, founded on competences, claim since its emergence alternative visions of the prevailing pedagogical methods. As a matter of fact, these visions were not based on the overall method, and despite their claims to protecting themselves from the dangers of this entity, they did not escape the complex paths of the concept of pedagogical unity; this leads to the fragility in building these units in the textbooks and in the classrooms too. A borrowed perception referred to without any scientific and methodological resolution of the many issues and problems related to the Arabic language and its cultural component in the field of education. Since independence, learning in Algeria has not gone away from the dominance of the one method in teaching and learning of language and culture. Thus, the teaching of subjects in general and the teaching of the Arabic language, in particular, has not been able to overcome the narrowness, and infertility of the one-way method. If the previous methods have devoted the rigors of research and reflection on the issue of education. The suggestion of the approach of the approach of competencies to break this obsession can find a way out of it through the methods of pedagogy it proposes; however, this solution needs an improvised scientific training, one that avoids the context of urgency and guinea pigs. This is what this paper is trying to debate.

Nietzsche s philosophy and writings were not of interest to the thinkers of his time, his ideas were not very well echoed among the Western thinkers at the time, but after his death attention to his texts and the interpretation of their content returned, many new perspectives sprung regarding the dimensions of this critical philosophy, which affected the Western culture s heritage and its civilization. One of the most important questions that troubled Nietzsche was metaphysics, his criticism of metaphysics began at the principle of duality in Platonic philosophy, for example: Ideal/Realistic, Intelligible/Sensible; knowing that Nietzsche was a renovator of the terrestrial world at the expanse of the celestial world. This question offered a fertile ground for Martin Heidegger, the pioneer of Existential Philosophy, who cared very much about the subject of metaphysics, being a successor of Nietzsche s intellect; he attempted to establish a new design of criticism different from that of Nietzsche,who is considered as the “Last Metaphysician”.

This research seeks to propose a charter for the academic and personal ethics that the university professor should adhere to in his work and behavior, as part of the requirements of efficiency and excellence. The academic and personal ethical concepts of the university professor in the new millennium is important because of its multiple roles, such as enabling universities to achieve competitiveness and sustainable development. The success of the professor in his functions requires not only the availability of professional and personal qualities, but the professor also should be prepared from the academic and personal ethics. Therefore, the new directions of the institutions of higher education in the developed world countries, seek to establish all what it has a relation to the issues of ethics and good governance, which aims to achieve sustainability and creativity and institutional excellence. The research has reached the following: - The necessity of providing moral and academic competencies that the university professor should practice and abide by. – The necessity of - Presenting a proposal for the academic and personal ethics charter for the university professoraccording to the requirements of efficiency and creativity.

Since ancient history, literature has influenced. Arab creativity was not far from being affected. it has always been in contact with all the new ideas that appear in Western literature, whether through translation or emigration, in addition to Western literature, translated or migrated, and this is the case of foreign literatures with the Arabic, it differs from so-called sadism and masochism. It contains Arab artistic creativity on the behavior of sadism and masochism, intentionally and influenced by modern analytical methods, including psychological, it was an amnesty A without paying attention to be in accordance with cases of mental disorders. Therefore, we have tried in this research to address the effects of sadism and masochism in modern Arabic poetic narrative, in two parts: a theoretical part devoted to the history of these psychological disorders and the first dealing with the effect Arabic poetics of masochism, the second part dealing with the sadism effect.

With the rise of sexual assaults in all their forms against women in Algeria, the strengthening of criminal protection has become more than a necessity.The amendment of the penal code (15/19) has made this vision a reality by widening the criminal context and setting up a highly rigorous repressive policy to punish and put an end to such crimes.The purpose of our study is to evaluate the degree of success of this policy and the difficulties facing women protection against sexual violence

Cultural expressions are an important factor in enabling individuals and peoples to express and share their values. They are perceived as a tool for preserving cultural specificity. To strengthen the protection of these expressions, UNESCO has adopted the Convention of the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Despite the apparent cultural dimension of the UNESCO Convention, it has often been associated in legal debates with its implications for the international trading system. In fact, it has never been far from the confusion of politics and economic interests.

The present study tends to reveal the status of the philosophy from the point of view of the philosopher Averroes (Abû Walid Muhammad Ibn Rushd), through an analysis of his book "Fasl Al Maqual" (The decisive Speech) which highlights the marks of his philosophy in our Islamic convictions, so that demonstrating the functional concept of the philosophy through the notion of interpretation. So, the gap created further to the contact with the Greek thought is reduced and the rough initiatives of many other philosophers are overtaken. The present study focuses in the end on the proportions of this philosophic spirit and the relation between the philosophy and the Sharia in the Arabic thought and through the laic theory of the Lebanese theorist Farah Antoine. This approach thus aims to escape the superficial understanding and to become impregnated with a consciousness gone deeper into an ideological context maintained by the text and context connected to the history.

The translation of the Holy Quran has always been at the center of interest of researchers in the fields of quranic, linguistic and translation studies, and between the difficulty of such a task and its necessity at the same time, the debate has often been limited to the legitimacy or not of translating the Holy Quran into languages other than Arabic on the one hand, and between literal translation or free translation (of meaning) on the other hand. Through this brief study, we aspire to overcome the classic controversy over the legitimacy and illegitimacy of translating the Holy Quran, and to deal with the fact that several translations of the Holy Quran do already exist in different languages of the world. By shedding light on the methods of translating the sacred text of Islam from the perspective of modern translation studies.

The literary and criticism world has seen an effective and active action, revealed in one of its corners, in what we call novel experimentation, the Arabic narrative text is appeared as a mixture of fictional visions, distinguished by its local Characteristic, showing itself to be read. That s why this article is coming to show something of an Arabic novel ( At-tibre) written by Ibrahim Elkouni distinguished by being local, it takes the desert and shows the relationship between the human being and the camel, a relationship that is considered as a new objective way, he was the first one to do it as a narrative work, time was the orbit and the axis and the principal idea, the narrator dives in the desert time, the lost time ruled by dreams and legends, the time in the novel is related to the pain, torture and confusion, thus there was an ultimate relation between that time and the other elements of narration embracing each other in a spectacular way.

The European union imposed their position to the middle area, and the responsibility which get off to the explanation role in the middle, and north Africa especially become busy to the European union through the interaction and events on the level of southern Mediterranean Especially European countries near to this later, and this interaction reflected the geopolitical of European region on the one hand. And effective partnership in the other hand and provide perceptions which suggest on the partnership in the south of the middle region, the two revolutions Tunisia and Libya have formed the revolution of Arab spring parameter the importance measurement in the Maghreb region to the policies of European region located south of old continent.

This paper aims to address one of the current problems concerning the issue of human sciences, which began with the events of May 1968 year in France, and endemic in the living reality of contemporary philosophical and scientific intellect, which has been posed that power in its relation with representation. For here, the question of the great challenger is the issue, which juxtaposed on its sciences of the outside for to reformulate it is scientific, philosophical, political and social course about that we have singled out by its problematic character when it is assistant to the philosophical challenge. For the reason, the humane sciences finced the limitation on a relational-critical discourse that called for difference and diversity. In this context, our research attempts to solve the following crucial problem: can the humansciences be able to pose statute of modernity as a project of proofreading.

The bilateral of mind and transfer in Islamic thinking, this old and renewable problem, it still raising at the present time, a methodological controversy which can be considered not only as a criterion on which we classify the Islamic thinking trends but a mental balance as well So, can we consider getting far from the essence of Islam and its spirit, which means getting far from the text ( Quran and Hadith ), follow it word by word,and take it as the only criteria in the judgment of the originality of the belief and the belonging? Those who are in favour of the text refuse to subject the religious text to the mind arguing that the religious text is so sacred, higher, and more honour dole that it doesn t need to be defended. They didn t even dare to interpret or explain any verse which has no interpretations from our prophet or his companions, as previously note, the religious text can be interpreted only by another religious text.From this point, Almoutazila s thinking suffering started. This trend, which gives too much importance to the mind and consider it as the only effective means to understand the religious text on one hand and take it as a means to refute the opponents of Islam or the other land. In addition to this, we can deduce the convincing proofs or arguments for non-Muslims since they totally refuse the idea of revelation. However, the Ashaira, s point of view is swinging between Al moutazila and the ancestors because the mind, which is independent of revelation, is unable to know Devine affairs and it is just a means to understand the revelation. Although the mind pushes us to faith, it can t oblige anything on anyone; it doesn t relieve him and it can’t allow or forbid, it doesn t improve or condemn. But all that have been mentioned is among the functions or tastes sharia

The elections are the best democratic way for the citizens to participate in the management of their daily life and business and therefore to express themselves and their choice and convictions with freedom and independence. All these could be done and realized by a clean and transparent election all along its steps by respecting the laws by everyone. One of the most important steps of these elections is the step of inscription in the electoral lists. It is one of the conditions which permits to the citizens to exercise their elective rights besides other conditions. That’s why, the law-maker has given a great importance to this step which is very sensitive by giving constitutional and judicial warranties which were reinforced during the last rectification of 2016and the organic law 16-10which concerns the regulations of the elections in order to protect it from the fraud and from any other act which may change the choice, the will of the electors.

This paper reports on the use of Facebook page created by 10post-graduate students for educational purposes. The study involves a quantitative and a qualitative analysis of data obtained from postings on the Facebook page and from a questionnaire developed by the researcher. The study aims at exploring students usage patterns and perceptions of the value of this social networking tool and uncovering its potential role in an educational environment. The results showed that students, by creating this personal space and using it to connect with their peers and their teachers, not only have a strong sense of community involvement students have used a wide variety of communication tools to communicate with their peers, but also greater satisfaction of this medium as an effective tool in developing their socio-pragmatic competence via authentic linguistic interaction.

This paper aims to explore EFL teachers’ beliefs of learner autonomy and their teaching practices to promote autonomous learning in the classroom. The participants are 33English teachers at Setif2University. For data collection, an adapted questionnaire is used and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings reveal that the majority of teachers understand learning autonomy and its influential role in language learning. However, they are negative about the feasibility of some of learning autonomy principles such as involving students in decision-making about objectives of the course, learning assessment and classroom management. Although teachers are cautious about their roles in promoting learning autonomy, they report that they actually provide learners with a range of opportunities to enhance their autonomous learning inside and outside the classroom. The paper reveals and discusses some of the challenges for promoting learning autonomy along with the pedagogical implications for teachers, learners and policy makers.

The aim of the current study is to shed light on the potential of e-feedback in a form of e-mails for improving second year LMD students academic writing at Batna 2University. Data were collected through a semi-experimental qualitative research. Based on the findings, the researcher found that there was a positive effect of using e-feedback (e-mails) on improving students academic writing. In general, e-feedback as a fresh and modern pedagogic practice was effective in many ways as providing positive learning environment various from the physical rigid classroom environment, which increased students participation. Thus, the present study recommends that teachers should focus more on the use of e-feedback particularly e-mail in responding on students writings. Moreover, the researcher recommends decision makers to arrange workshops for training teachers in this new educational tool.

L’approche psychocritique de l’autobiographie, doit-elle se focaliser sur l’homme et interroger son imaginaire ou sur l’œuvre et jauger de l’efficacité et de la fiabilité de sa mémoire ? La prise en charge de l’œuvre et de ses contenus est rentable dans la mesure où elle révèle les failles et les ressorts de la mémoire. L’étude de l’homme l’est encore plus : elle permet de sonder son moi et de déployer les étapes de la constitution et de l’évolution de sa personnalité. L’approche autobiographique doit tirer profit des théories psychologiques, car tout lecteur en attente de signes à déchiffrer, requiert de tout écrivain de ‘‘se faire’’ langage. En s’y prêtant, ce dernier ‘‘se dissout’’ dans son verbe pour en être le véritable sujet pour le lecteur.

The present paper is concerned with the evaluation of the Culture Presentation in the Algerian EFL secondary school classroom. It aims at comprehending teachers opinions about culture teaching, assessing learners’ knowledge in culture, and exploring the types and categories of culture in the textbooks. The study is conducted through qualitative and quantitative approaches. Questionnaires are administered to both teachers and learners while a content analysis is operated on the three textbooks “At the Crossroads” for first year level, “Getting Through” for second year level and “New Prospects” for third year level. The results show that the Culture Presentation does not help learners to communicate in intercultural communication situations and henceforth recommendations are suggested to remedy the deficiencies.

Depuis longtemps l Histoire est considérée comme une source commode où lécrivain use de sa richesse pour donner naissance à des œuvres qualifiées dhistoriques. Le roman historique doit beaucoup à Walter Scott, un écrivain écossais célèbre par sa série Waverley Novels. Cet article propose de voir létendue et linfluence de ce précurseur dans le roman historique contemporain à travers la recherche des critères de la scotticité dans Alger ville blanche de Régine Deforges, létude sappuie sur les analyses de Louis Maigron dans essai sur linfluence de Sir Walter Scott et George Lukacs dans Le Roman Historique, elle détermine aussi le statut de lHistoire dans la littérature.