The importance of this study stems from the fact that it focuses on young people who are university students who are expected to develop the society and develop it by studying future anxiety, depression, the possibility of suicidal ideas and the emergence of the idea of emigration abroad through a sample of 400 students, divided into 200 female and 200 males. Graduation and various specialties belong to the University of Mouloud Mammeri ,pole Tamda. We used the measure of the future anxiety of Zineb Choukair and the scale of depression for Beck and the measure of suicide probability of the design of Bachir maameria. The results showed that 50% of the students had a high level of anxiety about the future, 50.25% of the students suffered from severe depression and 69.75% had thoughts about suicide. As for gender differences, the results were as follows: Females were more depressed than males And more likely to suicidal thoughts, for future anxiety the results were in favor of males. As for the emergence of the idea of migration abroad, the percentage was very high and was estimated at 81.25% of the total sample.

Sartre is another example after Heidegger of the examples that express the intimate relationship that combined phenomenology with the philosophy of existence, Sartre, who tried to apply the Husserl method to the study of human existence to open up to the prospect of finding a concept of human existence or existence for itself. Sartre’s use of the phenomenological method can only be understood by referring to Husserl himself, given that he used him in that before he proved his distinction from him by his approach to phenomenology and the study of the ontology of human existence.

The article deals with the subject of interpretation of the religious text according to Ibn Rushd and its relationship to reforming and guiding the cultural and social movement in society. It is one of the important issues that knew a difference in defining the rules that organize it, in order to derive hidden legal meanings and rules and bring them out to the outlook to build clear understandings from the various principles of faith, which can be Provides solutions to various problems that result from scientific and social developments. This is what the philosopher of Cordoba sought to do as well, with his critical stance on interpretation. This article will try to search for the relationship of Ibn Rushd’s position on interpretation with his epistemological and reform project imposed by the various social, political and legal responsibilities he was entrusted with in the state. By extrapolating and analyzing his critical position and the nature of the rules he set to regulate interpretation, taking into account some historical evidence through which he practiced interpretation, which clarifies his keenness to emphasize the importance of a human return to the religious text by renewing understanding and developing cognitive tools appropriate to the nature of the text, in order to contribute to the reform of the cultural situation. So is Ibn Rushd’s goal of interpretation limited to eliciting the truth, or does it go beyond determining the value and role of the human reading of the religious text in reforming the intellectual and social situation, and including the establishment of a new cultural and civilizational climate?.

This study aims to discover the main informative framings used in the treatment of the events relating to the uprising of the Algerian people (Hirak) in early 2019 on Al Jazeera TV through an analysis of samples of the newscast Al Hasad. A sample survey as part of descriptive studies and researches was adopted, using content analysis in order to analyse a casual sample of this newscast from February 2019 to September 2019. The study concluded to a set of results, the most important of which is that information is the most dominant informative format in this newscast. The study also revealed that: most of the conflict situations contained in this newscast were in favour of “popular protests and demonstrations in Algeria” framing; the main framings of the reasons were in favour of “the people refuse that President Bouteflika seeks a fifth term” framing; the main framings of the solutions were in favour of “departure of the symbols of the old regime” framing; the main results were in favour of “departure of the symbols of the old regime and their judiciary prosecution” framing; and most of the reaction cases contained in the sample of the study were in favour of ”protests and demonstrations denouncing the situation and demanding a change of regime” framing.

Humanity has known several transformations as a result of the rapid development of artificial intelligence, which was not known before, and placed humanity in the face of cognitive and ethical challenges, especially after the research of Autonomous Intelligence which can acting independently of human , For this reasons, the development of artificial intelligence has posed several philosophical problems on the future and destiny of humanity In the context of these changes,and Can this development be restricted by ethical rules? This leads us to ask ourselves the following questions : can we create a machine that’s guided by an acceptable ethical principle?, and can ethics become computerized?

Water resources have a great importance for the survival of all neighbourhoods, but they are often attacked during armed conflicts, despite the existence of International humanitarian law, which was strengthened by the issuance of the two protocols annexed to Geneva Conventions and the establishment of International criminal responsibility for individuals after the adoption of the Rome statute, which considers water assault a war crime that requires international follow-up. The study aims to expose realistic examples of crimes committed against water resources during armed conflicts, since the entry into force of the Rome Statute in 2002 until today. It concluded that the current system is unable to provide water resources protection, not for the lack of legal texts, but for the lack of effective political will to protect this vital resource. The International Criminal Court did pursue on only a few water related violations.

This topic deals with the study and analysis of an intractable problem represented in the spread of the phenomenon of administrative and financial corruption in various parts of the world as a devastating scourge sweeping the corners of the state in this complex circumstance, which prompted the international community to intervene as a whole to confront its creeping dangers by all available means. In this context, I tried to follow the paths of the Islamic view unique in its perceptions and manifestations to confront this bitter reality, and the method of Islam in presenting its integrated approach to confronting this phenomenon in its holistic concept, focusing on clarifying the most important features and episodes of this sober approach in its confrontation with this scourge, explaining its causes and methods of prevention Of them and the means to address them, using the descriptive and analytical approaches mainly in reaching the solutions and treatments he presented to the problem, starting from the level of individual preparation, to building the entity of the group, to focusing the pillars of the public entity, structuring, organizing and practicing in legislation, administration and judiciary, to devote reforms and radical solutions guaranteed Results in facing corruption in the state.

This study revolves around the kidnapping of children and the mechanisms to combat it in Algerian legislation. this scourge has taken on dangerous dimensions in Algeria and threatens the security of society and targets its entity by targeting the weakest link of which is innocence, which has created intense terror among parents, The Algerian government has taken severe measures against to the spread and gravity of this criminal act which is foreign to our society, by establishing heavy penalties and modifying the Penal Code in accordance with Law No. 14-01 and by creating two articles. Article 293 bis, 293 bis 1 Repealed by Law No. 15-20 of December 30, 2020 relating to the prevention and control of crimes of kidnapping of persons but rather the legislator through granting protection and legal care Other The child is in line with international agreements regarding the protection of the rights of the child, so that the Child Protection Law was issued in 2015 and the establishment of the National Authority for the Protection and Promotion of Children’s Rights in 2016 with the Prime Minister, and it was granted several powers, and took many necessary measures to reflect this on the ground, and the involvement of civil society National institutions and bodies. This study highlights this criminal act which has only spread in recent years by amending the penal code and in collaboration with international bodies to fight against the kidnapping of children And ultimately the results obtained from this study.

There have been many critical studies on the book “Orientalism”, and most of them were praising the work of the critic “Edward Said” and the elevation of its literary and intellectual value, given the qualitative leap that this book brought about in different fields of research and study. In contrast, many negative criticisms, responses and interpretations opposed his ideas and sought to dwarf the book and degrade its intellectual and cultural value by refuting his proposals, where every critic in his proposition is based on methodological, ideological, and epistemological backgrounds. Therefore, this article seeks to highlight some of the most important views that criticized Edward Said and his book “Orientalism”, whether favorable or unfavorable. It intends to be a fairly accurate reading and fairly faithful to the thought of E Said. The method is based on the presentation of data according to a dialectical approach that works by presenting a view, criticizing it, and then responding to it as objectively as possible.

Module layered grammar involves many levels: rhetoric level, pragmatic level, semantic level and structural level. Thus, the research aims at studying deeply the poem In Serendib written by Barudi using functional mechanisms through the language used model . this study will focus on the rhetoric level which includes three layers: Deictic center layer, discourse type layer and discourse style layer. The first layer, called Deictic center layer, looks for the speaker’s soul in the text, in addition to main features that define him. Type discourse layer is interesting in the goal that the speaker aims through the mechanism he adopts in the text. The third layer “style discourse layer” plays many roles helping the poet in achieving experiences in a given spatiotemporal frame.

This study seeks to expose the cultural patterns In the discourse of the caricature through a cursory reading given that they lurk behind the iconic matter and the deep suggestive dialogue in the sake of giving rise to those discourses that convey a certain interpretative process, which aims essentially to inform and convince. In fact, it’s a discourse which tends to hide but not to expose, and its ideas are exposed through a satirical and critical hyperbole. Therefore, it depicts the social collective identity by an artistic performance, since its cultural critical practice aims to simulate the reality by transforming it through the act of conception. The caricature aesthetic cultural awareness is the real basis to conquer the cultural consumer. by analysing algerian caricature works according to the semio-cultural approach.

This article discusses the role of the Mediterranean, which links three continents and two oceans, in the strategy of the countries bordering it, including Algeria. The relationship between the two shores of the Mediterranean has been governed by a host of considerations mainly related to the concepts of cooperation and conflict. The aim of this research is to analyze, through a systematic, critical and deconstructive approach, the dimensions of Algeria’s belonging to the Mediterranean region by working to restore its Mediterranean civilizational heritage, and to effectively integrate into the region’s security initiatives, The Algerian security perception of threats in the Mediterranean is based on a global approach, which was completely integrated, linking to the security of Maghreb and African neighbors, or European partners. The study concludes that the Algerian security perception in the Mediterranean is based on a comprehensive approach, which requires the concerted efforts of all parties, as it is an integrated and indivisible whole, whether it is related to the security of Algeria’s Maghreb and African neighbors or its European partners.

This study aims to explore the relationship between school phobia and self-esteem of the schooling teenager, and the extent to which there are statistically significant differences in school phobia due to gender and academic level (first, second and third year average). The study sample is consisted of (135) pupils in the middle at The Masheri Mohammed Intermediate School in Tiaret (Algeria). The study found a negative correlation between school phobia and self-esteem. It also revealed the existence of differences among genders in the phobia of teacher and phobia of exams in favor of females, while there are no statistically significant differences in school phobia due to the change in the school level.

The Algerian approach to combating terrorism is one of the successful and pioneering experiences that can be adopted as a model in combating the phenomenon of violence, where this approach is based on two opposing sides, the first is based on a purely security approach focused on tightening the stranglehold on the phenomenon by drying up the sources of funding for terrorist groups, such as the criminalization of ransom to terrorists, which was adopted by the United Nations as a law, as well as based on the method of self-defence based on the recruitment of the human element from the same areas that have witnessed the activity of groups, such as the Self-Defence Forces and municipal guards. on the idea of man bin of his environment. The second aspect of the humanitarian approach depends mainly on the adoption of progressive humanitarian laws, starting with the Law of Mercy and then civil harmony, followed by national reconciliation, which has proved successful and has received international admiration and regional attention and many countries suffering from the same phenomenon have expressed their desire to benefit from this experience, which has been adopted academically in many security and university laboratories.

In this article, we try to provide a visualization of the approach that can be taken in any educational linguistic project, aimed at improving the teaching of the Arabic language according to the communicative approach. By investing in the achievements of the modern linguistic lesson on which the research is based on its references and cognitive origins, after a comprehensive description of the various language skills. It primarily targets communicative sufficiency that allows language learners to communicate in a sound and effective manner with each other inside and outside the classroom. The theorists of the communicative approach assert that language skills are complementary, so that one does not exist without the other, there is no listening without speech and reading, no reading without writing, no sender without speech or writing, and no recipient without listening or reading. The integration of language skills within the curriculum is necessary, because the purposeful use of these language skills provides the learner with effective outcomes in language education. The interdependence of the different aspects of language skills is essential for planning a balanced language program, based on the organic relationship between the two processes of sending and receiving or production and receiving. By presenting natural learning situations in which language sub-systems can develop for communicative purposes.

This topic deals with the study and analysis of an intractable problem represented in the spread of the phenomenon of administrative and financial corruption in various parts of the world as a devastating scourge sweeping the corners of the state in this complex circumstance, which prompted the international community to intervene as a whole to confront its creeping dangers by all available means. In this context, I tried to follow the paths of the Islamic view unique in its perceptions and manifestations to confront this bitter reality, and the method of Islam in presenting its integrated approach to confronting this phenomenon in its holistic concept, focusing on clarifying the most important features and episodes of this sober approach in its confrontation with this scourge, explaining its causes and methods of prevention Of them and the means to address them, using the descriptive and analytical approaches mainly in reaching the solutions and treatments he presented to the problem, starting from the level of individual preparation, to building the entity of the group, to focusing the pillars of the public entity, structuring, organizing and practicing in legislation, administration and judiciary, to devote reforms and radical solutions guaranteed Results in facing corruption in the state.

Arbitration is one of the most important alternative means for settling disputes at both national and international levels. This prompted interested people in Arab and Islamic countries to search for a way to employ this method in solving outstanding problems in the family affairs courts. Some of them see the need to solve these problems amicably instead of resorting to the court, which makes of arbitration an effective alternative means to end this type of dispute. Although arbitration was stipulated as an alternative means for settling family disputes by the Algerian legislator, whether in the Family Code, or the Civil and Administrative Procedures Code, it has not been activated. Unlike the UAE legislator who activated the role of two arbitrators in the reform between spouses in cases related to division of discord and payment of damage through the provisions of Articles 118 to 121 of the UAE Personal Status Law. In this regard, I will address in this study the role of the arbitral tribunal in settling family disputes in Islamic jurisprudence and in the Algerian and UAE’s legislations. I have adopted the analytical and comparative approaches in the analysis of legal texts, and comparing it with the provisions of Islamic jurisprudence.

This study aims to know the impact of attention deficit on the non-verbal communication of the autistic child. The study was conducted on a group of (04) cases with medium degree of autism disorder and without any accompanying disabilities. Their ages ranged between (5) to (6) years old. The research adopted the descriptive method ‘case study’. After the application of the procedures and the material of the study represented in the estimating difficulties in the autistic child developed by Chikhi & Gana (2017) and Seddik (2005), the study concludes that there is a clear lack of attention among the members of the study group, as they cannot focus their attention on a specific thing among several things. They have problems in nonverbal communication, especially at the level of joint attention. In addition, the attention deficit affects the communicative performance of the autistic child. Based on these results, some recommendations were suggested to specialists and researchers interested in autism, the most important of which is to focus on the development of cognitive abilities in order to enhance the communicative linguistic aspect of the autistic child.

This study aims to identify Burnout factors levels and differences in factors of burnout among coaches of athletes with disability, by type of sport activity variable and variable field experience, so use the descriptive method of subject research, in order to achieve this, the research was conducted on a sample of 30 coaches (2017/2018), so they applied the scale factors of psychological burnout design of Hassan Allawi (1998). After statistical treatment of results showed raw results: The burnout factors levels are medium. And also showed differences in factors of burnout among coaches by type of activity and this variable in favor of collective sports coaches, as well as differences, according to variant field experience and this for the benefit of trainers with less experience, accordingly we recommend attention more perspective, and stimulated, morally and financially by the administration and all the possibilities and requirements for good work.

The real estate investigation process is of important legal and realistic in the purification of real estate ownership and the regulation of real estate containers, especially since the legislator targeted the law (07-02) that includes a procedure for inspecting the property and the delivery of title deeds through real estate investigation sensitive goals that interfered with the purification process in Algeria Especially addressing what was left behind by working with previous documents such as the contract of goodwill and bonds issued before 01march1961, as well as activating the endeavors of the in-kind month system to complete the general survey of lands and achieve greater investments of real estate funds and increase the national income of Algeria, and as a practical model we chose the real estate governorate of the state of Annaba to find out the latest statistics of the real estate survey That is, until January 2021, and what are the problems left by the previous formulas, as well as the real estate investigation, such as the most recent.

This study aims to know the contribution of practical education to improving the level of teaching competencies (communicative competency, emotional competency, and evaluation competency) among students of the Department of Science and Technology of Physical and Sports Activities at the University of Mohamed Lamine Debaghine - Sétif 2. The researchers used the descriptive approach, as it is the most suitable scientific approach to achieve the objectives of the study. To collect data on this subject, a questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 74 students out of 208 students studying in the third year of the bachelor’s degree in physical sports educational activity. The participants were randomly chosen in a simple manner. The researchers concluded that practical education contributes positively to improving the level of teaching competencies (communication competency, emotional competency, and corrective competency) among students in the Department of Science and Techniques of Physical and Sports Activities dedicated to physical and sports education course.

The legislative authority’s censorship of the executive authority’s work is a direct result of the constitutional principle of the separation of powers, which aims to achieve balance and cooperation between the executive and legislative authorities, in a way that ensures that the governing organizations are subjected to constitutional rules. However, due to the executive authority’s dominance over the legislative authority in Algeria and Morocco, and with the decline of the parliament oversight role of both of them, the censorship of parliament as a legal mechanism to ensure the enforcement of constitutional rules in the two Maghreb countries is undermined.

The technological advance that has been reflected in e-government in contemporary life has transformed it into a double-edged weapon, since it has contributed to saving effort, time, and money in its relations with those who benefit from it, but it has also caused the emergence of risks affecting directly the privacy of individuals, which has required the establishment of a legal system for the protection of personal data at both national and international levels. In this context, the Algerian legislator has been quick in reacting to protect this aspect of individuals’ privacy through Law 17/08 in order to be in alignment with international legislation.

This article traces a reflection on the liberation of female sexuality. It is not a question here of positioning oneself in one culture or another, but of presenting an opinion in an objective manner. It seems that the retreat of patriarchy has not prevented female virginity from persisting in spite of mutations, it makes the symbolic (surgery, clothing) a means to defend itself against erasure and suppression. This observation invites us to look for the psychological significance of female virginity and the probable relationship between its desacralization and the appearance of new sexual orientations.

The present study raises an issue that is related to a current debate about technology-based instruction in EFL teaching and learning in Algerian higher education. An investigation of the various features of using technology for educational purposes is carried out. The study aims at exploring the use of technology and its incorporation in EFL teaching and learning in Algerian higher education. It can be of great significance to both teachers and students who would be enlightened about the place of technology in education. Moreover, they are equally expected to exploit technological tools and media followingthe changing conditions all over the world. Data was collected relying on the questionnaire as a research tool. The findings reveal that the issue under study is merely restricted to some technological means, procedures and E. learning. In addition, the implementation is neither systematic nor based on specific teaching or learning models for guidance and improvement

Our research aims to analyze the written slogans of the Algerian Hirak in order to understand the functioning of protest writing. To do this, the following questions had to be answered: For whom, why and to whom are these slogans addressed? How did this manifesting discourse construct? What are the phenomena involved in its development? We consider that these slogans constitute a means of multidimensional communication, we presupposed that they represent configuring factors of new forms of production and creativity; and new spaces of mediation connecting the demonstrators and the world. Our work is based on the analysis of a corpus made up of 300 slogans brandished during the manifestations. We found that the demonstrators use very rich statements in terms of form and substance. They present many linguistic and cultural aspects allowing to locate interesting information.