The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, are low-molecular weight substances, synthesized in eucariot cells from their immediate precursor, ornithine. The polyamines are found in fruits and vegetables, foods of animal origin and fermented food products. As plant growth regulators, are believed to be involved in several physiological processes. Gibberellins are plant hormones that regulate growth and influence various developmental processes and are derived via the ent-gibberellane skeleton. Gibberellins are synthesized by the terpenoid pathway in plastids and then modified in the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol until they reach their biologically-active form. Here, we show the importance gibberellin and polyamines functions in plant growth, development, and postharvest senescence of various ornamental plants. Studies initiated on the application of the polyamines and gibberellins in ornamental plants should improve our knowledge in the future.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of green-grains from three cultivars of cowpea kept in refrigeration. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada. The experimental design was completely randomized with 6 replicates within a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement. The first factor consisted of three cultivars of cowpea (BRS-Guariba, BRS-Tumucumaque and BRS-Potengi) and the second factor consisted of four storage periods: 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. Packages consisted of 200 g of green beans of each cultivar, placed in 15 x 10 cm polypropylene bags of 15 µm thickness. After sealed, samples were kept at 5 °C ± 2 and 90 ± 5 % of relative humidity. There was an intense drop in total acidity in chlorophyll and carotenoids, that was visually perceived by a change in the tone of green and increased content of soluble solids during cold storage. The maximum conservation time for the conditions studied was 14 days. After this period, a slight darkening of the beans was noticed. This conservation time is longer than the packages currently found in the market. The BRS-Guariba and BRS-Potengi cultivars showed the smallest variations in pH, titratable acidity (TA), chlorophylls (CLT) and carotenoids (CRT). These two cultivars were more suitable for storage at refrigeration.

The object of this study was to adjust dosages for measuring polyphenoloxidase activity in sweet potato under refrigerated conditions. The following cultivars were utilized: ESAM 1; ESAM 2; ESAM 3; Mãe de Família; Paraná; and Sr. Antônio. Plants were harvested after 120 of growth. The tubercles were refrigerated for four days at 10 °C and then washed, cut, packed, and stored at 5 °C for 12 days. At initial time (day zero) of conservation, 1 g of tissue sample was macerated in a mortar, under ice bath, containing 6 ml of sodium phosphate buffer [0.2 M; pH 6.0]. The extract was then centrifuged at 7690 x g for 23 minutes at 4 °C. For the PPO activity essay, it was used a mixture of 2.385 µL of phosphate buffer (0.2 M), pH 6.0, and 500 µL of 0.2M catechol as substrate, which remained at 30 °C until temperature stabilization. To this mixture, it was added 10 µL, 15 µL, 20 µL, and 25 µL of the enzyme extract at 425 nm. This was done every 10 seconds in an interval of 2 minutes. It was observed that increasing the volume of extract, increased the activity of polyphenoloxidase independent of the cultivar evaluated. However, the cultivars ESAM 2, ESAM 3, Mãe de família, and Sr. Antônio seemed to slightly lost linearity above 10 µL. Thus, we conclude that the volume of 10 µL is the most appropriate for determining enzymatic activity for all cultivars

Agricultural use of land normally changes soil properties, depending on soil management and climatic conditions. Aiming to analyze the chemical modifications of an Ultisol, this study was conducted to evaluate the soil chemical attributes when submitted to cassava planting and fallow condition and how it compares to the natural ecosystem in the region (Atlantic Forest). Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m for chemical analysis of soil characterization. Most of the chemical attributes did not differ between the systems at any depth, with the exception of K+ in the cassava system with contents of 0.72 cmolc kg-1 at the depth of 0-0.20 m and 0.57 cmolc kg-1at the depth of 0.20-0.40 m. The Atlantic Forest showed the highest values of P (34.61 mg kg-1 ) and total organic carbon (2.31 dag kg-1 ) at the depth of 0-0.20 m, which was significantly differing from the other systems. The period of 1 year fallow adopted to recover the productive capacity of the soil was not sufficient for the studied area. With the removal of the forests for implantation of the agricultural system (cassava) there was a marked reduction in the levels of organic carbon and phosphorus in the soil at the depth of 0-0.20 m.

The aim of this research was to characterize studies on production of super precocious and precocious cattle by meta-analytical approach associated with data mining, using articles published between 2002 and 2012. The selected research was intended to address the production of male bovines, receiving the same level of concentrate during all experimental period, receiving as roughage, exclusively corn silage. Data were classified as super precocious for cattle until 18 months of age at the end of the experiment; and precocious, for bovines with aged between 19 and 30 months to the finishing of the experiment. The classification accuracy was 89% with accuracies from 89% for super precocious and 92% for precocious. The built model showed the number of days confined as root node, which is the primary node in the decision tree. System production of super precocious steers require greater confinement period with high share of food with low fiber and high energy and high energy level of the diet. The exploitation of results through the decision tree model features easy viewing and interpretation, with good implementation capacity in animal production

The objective of this study was modify the surface of the Pinus elliottii with the deposition of TiO2 particles synthesized by the microwave-assisted solvothermal method. Initially, the TiO2 nanoparticles were obtained from the titanium isopropoxide in alcohol at a temperature of 140°C for 60 min in a reaction cell coupled in an adapted microwave system. After the synthesis, the samples of P. elliottii were added to the solution rich in TiO2 and again submitted to the microwave solvothermalization process at 90°C for 60 minutes with a self-generated pressure of 3 bar. Through X-ray Diffraction, it was possible identify that the nanostructures observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy correspond to the anatase crystalline phase. Particles in agglomerates (~ 200 nm) formed a homogeneous cover on the surface and a probable interaction through hydrogen bonds with the OHradicals present in the cell wall of the wood. With the action of the microwave, the molecules tend to align under the influence of the electric field, which made possible an oriented and uniform deposition. In addition, the hydrophobicity measured by the sessile drop analysis showed that the method used transforms the original surface of the wood, from superhydrophilic to hydrophobic. In addition, the treated samples immersed in water for a period of 400 hours, showed strong delay of water absorption. In this way, the method proves its effectiveness in modifying the surface structure of the wood in order to give it appreciable characteristics to increase its durability and stability

The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, are low-molecular weight substances, synthesized in eucariot cells from their immediate precursor, ornithine. The polyamines are found in fruits and vegetables, foods of animal origin and fermented food products. As plant growth regulators, are believed to be involved in several physiological processes. Gibberellins are plant hormones that regulate growth and influence various developmental processes and are derived via the ent-gibberellane skeleton. Gibberellins are synthesized by the terpenoid pathway in plastids and then modified in the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol until they reach their biologically-active form. Here, we show the importance gibberellin and polyamines functions in plant growth, development, and postharvest senescence of various ornamental plants. Studies initiated on the application of the polyamines and gibberellins in ornamental plants should improve our knowledge in the future.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of green-grains from three cultivars of cowpea kept in refrigeration. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada. The experimental design was completely randomized with 6 replicates within a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement. The first factor consisted of three cultivars of cowpea (BRS-Guariba, BRS-Tumucumaque and BRS-Potengi) and the second factor consisted of four storage periods: 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. Packages consisted of 200 g of green beans of each cultivar, placed in 15 x 10 cm polypropylene bags of 15 µm thickness. After sealed, samples were kept at 5 °C ± 2 and 90 ± 5 % of relative humidity. There was an intense drop in total acidity in chlorophyll and carotenoids, that was visually perceived by a change in the tone of green and increased content of soluble solids during cold storage. The maximum conservation time for the conditions studied was 14 days. After this period, a slight darkening of the beans was noticed. This conservation time is longer than the packages currently found in the market. The BRS-Guariba and BRS-Potengi cultivars showed the smallest variations in pH, titratable acidity (TA), chlorophylls (CLT) and carotenoids (CRT). These two cultivars were more suitable for storage at refrigeration.