Mangosteen is known as “the queen of fruits” in Malaysia, and the fruit is usually available during seasons from June to August yearly. This fruit comprises substantial amount of hull which disposes off as waste. However, it is the hull that has been discovered having various pharmaceutical properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoral. The sudden surge of antitumoral properties studies of mangosteen hull in recent years is due to the rising of cancer which is the leading cause of death worldwide. This review highlights the recent discoveries of antitumoral properties of mangosteen hull. The major xanthones isolated from mangosteen hull which attribute to antitumoral properties are a-mangostin and ?-mangostin. They have been majorly discovered against cancers of colon, breast, and leukemia, followed by skin, bone, lung, brain, pancreatic, prostate, and head and neck.

The objective of this paper is to provide quick, complete and up-to-date reference on governing equations applied in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) related research, along with the recent review on their future development. The development of non-Newtonian momentum equations, formation of conservation equations in advanced coordinate systems and inclusion of miscellaneous body forces into momentum equations are highlighted. This may ease complicated numerical burdens in solving fluid dynamics equations. Continuity, Navier-Stokes and energy equations are involved, while their coordinate systems span across Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical domain.

Wave energy conversion by using point absorber has recently gained intensive research in renewable energy. However, a majority of research works only focused on the regions with high wave heights, which may not be readily achievable in Malaysian seas condition. As the technology of point absorber facing the concern on less-applicability in low wave height conditions in Malaysia, a numerical modeling to understand the maximum potential power output to be generated by point absorber is now in demand to predict the power capture ability of point absorber in Malaysian waters. In order to complete this research gap, this paper is aiming to determine the sensitivity of different configurations of power take-off system in point absorber and to numerically analyze the potential maximum power output to be generated by the point absorber in Malaysian water, under regular wave motion. The significance of this study leads to a better understanding of the envelope of power output generated by point absorber in Malaysian seas. The methodology is conducted with theoretical modeling of point absorber, developing a numerical model of power take-off system to identify the maximum magnetic flux density of different stator-translator configuration, and simulating the power output of point absorber in time-domain under regular wave condition based on Malaysia seas data. The results show that power output of point absorber can be increased by a double-sided stator. The envelope of maximum power output to be generated has been identified. This research provides a further understanding of the development of point absorber technologies in Malaysian seas condition.

The high usage of fossil fuel to produce energy for the increasing demand of energy has been the primary culprit behind global warming. Renewable energies such as solar energy can be a solution in preventing the situation from worsening. Solar energy can be harnessed using available system such as solar thermal cogeneration systems. However, for the system to function smoothly and continuously, knowledge on solar radiation’s intensity several minutes in advance are required. Though there exist various solar radiation forecast models, most of the existing models requires high computational time. In this research, principal component analysis were applied on the meteorological data collected in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur to reduce the dimension of the data. Dominant factors obtained from the analysis is expected to be useful for the development of solar radiation forecast model.

Access to clean water is the major priority in all countries in the world in which millions of humans and living organisms die due to contaminated water-related diseases every year. Flora and fauna particularly urban rivers are losing attraction due to the problem of high turbidity in the water resources. Sedimentation and filtration had been regarded as efficient approaches in tackling high turbidity problem in wastewater. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the performance of banana peels as bio-flocculant for the potential application in turbidity removal in wastewater treatment process compared to alum. The comparison of coagulation-flocculation activities between the extracted bio-flocculant and alum was carried out under different process conditions such as the effects of solution pH, bio-flocculant dosage, temperature and initial wastewater turbidity to investigate the optimum operating conditions in terms of turbidity removal. It was found that the performances of bio-flocculant under different process conditions were almost comparable to alum. The highest turbidity removal percentage could be achieved at solution pH of 4 and 12, 150ml/400ml of bio-flocculant to turbid water dosage, temperature of 40oC and very high level initial wastewater turbidity (>500NTU). In order to minimize dependency on conventional chemical coagulant, ratio of 50/50 of banana peels bio-flocculant to alum was used to achieve the best turbidity removal percentage in comparison to other ratio combinations. The exploitation of naturally available resources or waste materials into bio-flocculants in this research had shed some lights in the discovery of efficient, biodegradable and green coagulants or flocculants as potential replacement to conventional synthetic chemical coagulants in reducing water turbidity.