Non-quantitative models are translation assessment approaches that aim at a qualitative assessment of translations, focusing on the text and its target audience, as well as the objectives of the translations and the cultural elements that should be kept during the transfer from one language into another. In other words, the assessment is purely qualitative and not quantitative.

The concept of error analysis in the translation process, encompassing both teaching strategy and types of error, is a crucial aspect of translation studies. It is important to establish objective criteria for evaluating translations based on scientific principles rather than personal opinions.

The curriculum of Applied Modern Languages (AML) aims to equip students with broad trilingual professional skills, emphasizing civilization, culture, languages, and literature. However, the incorporation of gender studies within AML remains limited despite its relevance to the humanities and potential benefits for graduates entering international organizations or NGOs.

Through this study, we attempted to examine, in the light of cognitive theory, simultaneous interpreting teaching at the University of Badji Mokhtar – Annaba, by a sample group of master’s degree students in oral and written translation (Arabic- French) in order to analyze the contribution of cognitive theory into the teaching of simultaneous interpreting due to the absence of specific technologies for this discipline. Through this study, we have deduced that the contribution of cognitive theory to the teaching of simultaneous interpreting is huge, especially in the early stages of learning.

This study examines the intersection of the medical and legal domains in medico-legal reports. It addresses the translation strategy employed by translators and how Skopos theory can be applied. The study assumes that the target text recipient controls the translation strategy.

This article presents an attempt to establish a translation of the terms ‘swarming’ and ‘Outsourcing’ given that there is no equivalent to them in Arabic language. It is not easy to understand it by no specialist.

This research aims to contrast the past tense forms in the Arabic language to the past tenses of the indicative mood in the French language based on their temporal meanings and uses because it is quite impossible to contrast them according to the morphological side, which seems to be very different in both languages.

Conference interpreting requires special skills to process the incoming information immediately from the source language to the target language. This article shows the strategies and techniques used in the development of the conference interpreter performance, including the extensive exercises and workshops.

This paper aims to highlight the ethical aspect of literary translation, which has often put the translator in the dock.

The opening of new markets and the growth of international trade have led to a higher demand on specialized translation, whether in public or private companies. For this, the importance of translator has increased and his job has become more complex. Beside his colleagues, terminologists, and writers, he is responsible for the translation of many types of documents and specialized texts produced by different companies in pharmacology, economics, law, …etc. This paper deals with this issue.

In this paper we shed some light on the Arabic translation of western classics, and particularly the works of Antoine Berman; the famous translation scholar, theoretician, and historian. As a critic in the field of translation, Berman left a huge number of critical studies about translations in different fields such as poetry, epic poetry, theatre, prose, philosophy and psychoanalysis, from which he developed his theoretical points of view.

This article aims to identify the strategies used to render the Eye Dialect and how it is translated. More specifically, the purpose is to analyze the translation of Eye Dialect found in Harry Potter dialogues. Throughout this article we will define ?Eye dialect? and specify its role. Thus, it is worth investigating the purpose of the writer by using the ?Eye Dialect? in order to be able to select the appropriate strategy of translation.

Advertising discourse holds a major place today. It does not lack importance compared to other discourses, as information, culture, politics, and economy. Being in a world of globalization, nations are constrained to adapt themselves to this new order, which inevitably guides them towards language and translation activities. So, how can this new mode of discourse be translated?

Many studies have highlighted the possibilities and limitations of using translation technology tools in the professional context. An ever-increasing body of literature also explored the use of these technologies to translate specialized texts, raising many issues, particularly the disparities between the human and automated translation of specialized discourse. To further investigate this problem, this study discusses the quality of Machine Translation of legal texts.

The dubbing of cartoons may be subject to domestication or foreignization depending on the objectives intended and the general orientation of the broadcasting channel.

The article includes questions of the legal translation. As proficiency requires languages performance to the translating legal domain we cannot translate if we don‘t make the difference between the source language and the target language .We also requires a competence of written expression and a general knowledge of the legal field as well as a professional ethic.

Language transfer is a linguistic phenomenon which refers to integrating elements from the native language (L1) while learning a second language (L2). The presence of L1 in L2 learning was not accepted by all researchers; some highlight its facilitating effect and others emphasize its hindering effect in learning L2. Language transfer has been tackled by contrastive analysis and error analysis. Besides, language transfer manifest in different forms and different factors influence its use. It is of different types, and its role in L2 classrooms is regarded differently by teachers. However, positive transfer is of immense help in learning L2.

The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the pharmaceutical translation field in Canada, particularly within brand-name companies. It will also discuss the work of the Translation Group – Rx&D. It should be of special interest to corporate employers, translation firms, freelance translators, and present or potential university students in translation programs.

This article investigates the issue of the implicit meanings which are often lost in the translation process. It seeks to provide solutions for rendering the hidden contents embedded in the Kabyle oral feminine poetry. For that, pragmatics, the branch of linguistics which deals with the cultural dimension of language use, is combined with techniques of translation suggested by Vinay and Darbelnet to render this untranslatable aspect of poetry.

This research paper endeavours to tackle the relationship of translation with media discourse. Through this article, we will answer the following queries :-What do we mean by media discourse, and what are its characteristics ? -How can we define media translation? -What are the regulations, the criteria and the steps of media translation ? -What is the importance of translation in news agencies since they are the authoritative source of news ?

This article studies the aspect of the analogue in some verses of The Noble Quran, an issue that occupies a considerable space in this book, and the techniques that have been used to translate them into English. Many studies and researches are devoted to this field of Quranic Sciences, considering its importance in raising confusion and uncertainty for many verses in which this analogue exists.

Interpretation, translation and adaptation are dialogically related to the problematic matter of representation. How can we perceive and conceive the world as the other ? This is a philosophical, spychological and even didactic question, which is within the core of language teaching and interculturality.

The translation is considered an essential factor for diffusion every literature but in same time translation can be a tool for putting out shape the original text. Every time the translation was controlled by the ideology. We try in this article to analyze the method of translation of Alhariri‘s Maqamat to Hebrew by Judha Alharizi , we propose three axes :1-The culture situation of Jews in Andalusia 2 –Juda Alharizi between two cultures (Arabic and Jewish) 3-The approach for translation of maqamat Alhariri to Hebrew

Translation is an act of communication, i.e., it is a means of interaction between different identities and languages. Moreover, it is a basic element of scientific and cultural development. So, the present study investigates the act of translation.

This paper will discuss the purpose of translation in the language classroom to develop learners‘ mastery of English language, since the basic knowledge of translation techniques that learners gained in the classroom can serve as a solid ground for building up language skills. This paper then tries to answer the following question: Does translation promote foreign language learning and foreign language proficiency?

This paper deals with one aspect of historical issue related to modern Arabic scientific terms. Several questions arise about their origin, their creation, and their propagation, and others within several fields of research

One of the main issues in teaching was providing the student with the necessary information . Nowadays, the main concern is how to provide him with the information and how to imply him in an atmosphere in which he is not only a receiver but also an important factor who can decide, create, has a different vision and lead his own research .This is what we have chosen to call "the autonomy of the student" . We try to suggest the ways, methods and solution in order to imply him the most.

Modulation involves switching angle or point of view in order to translate a word or expression that "moves" awkwardly from one language to another. It operates by metonymic transfer – the part for the whole, the container for the content, etc. Translators are obliged to use these techniques of oblique translation to render a text that does not deform the target language but abides with its styles. It goes without saying that translators should not overuse these techniques but resort to them only in cases when they cannot construct a smooth text in the target language.

The colonial system has always requisitioned the book since its publication and has defamed its author because of the liberal ideas he seeks to propagate, and anti-colonial position against the crimes of France in Algeria and Africa. However, his attempts have failed, and to Arabic and English translations that the author still exist.

This study deals with two different and differing French translations of the meanings of the Quran: the first is of Mohamed Hamid Allah and the second of Ahmed Derrous. It focuses essentially on the inversion techniques of rhetorical images of the Holy Quran.

This paper deals with the modalities adopted by the teachers of translation for the formation of professional translators. The aims of choosing particular texts, by adopting some particular strategies in treating the texts that should be translated, and the adoption of a particular strategies to link the theoretical notions with the practice are among the responsibilities that lie on the teacher‘s shoulders.

Translation is a complicate process; the analysis of the internal mechanisms when translating a given text from one language into another requires a particular attention about the source and target languages. Prepositions are the subject of this paper because of their importance for every researcher in linguistics. They are ubiquitous in every book‘s page regardless of its language, and they have different names and roles in every language.

This paper represents a model to be used in teaching specialized translation, and contains various types of specialized translations. It aims at guiding the teachers towards a convenient method of teaching specialized language, which can be applied on such kinds of translations through some texts and simplified examples that make their task easier.

Translation is a means of modernization and development of the Arab culture. It allows changing the outdated mentality into a more modern one, and helps in the opening towards the scientific achievements and new technologies.

Algerian teachers of translation are complaining about the current curriculum, which has failed to form competent professional translators. Translation is often of a bad quality and the problem of equivalence and exact translation are always raised. As translators‘ major problem is linguistic untranslatability and the difficulty to find the exact equivalence, this simple paper suggests the incorporation of ESP in teaching specialized translation. Because the interrelatedness of specialized translation and ESP is largely unexplored, the paper is a daring attempt to vindicate that the integration of ESP (English for Specific Purpose) in the translation syllabus is important if Algerian universities are to form competent and professional translators. It is likely to help translators transcend the assorted difficulties and translate texts as faithfully and as accurately as possible. Because it focuses on students‘ needs and their linguistic skills, ESP is highly recommended for students of specialized translation.

Antoine Berman was inspired in his Translation Project from Daniel Gouadec, who was the first to talk about this topic in the field of specialized translation. It is meant by The Translation Project, the path taken by the translator during the translation process, and that reflects the adoption of particular strategies.

Translating is an act of transfer of a word—or an expression—along with its internal meanings from a source language text to a target language text. But translating word for word can never be possible: every language has its own characteristics and its own autonomy. Worse is the translation between languages that do not belong to the same roots, as French vs. Arabic, or languages that are half cognates, as Anglo-Saxon vs. French, etc… Besides this difficulty, the field of specialization is another obstacle in translation, mainly for those who are specialized in a field but are not translators. My modest contribution raises the difficulties the translator faces in the field of legal system. Most legal systems are specific, particular and culture-based. Thus, there are some disparities between these systems all around the world. It is, therefore, a challenging field in the domain of translation because of its linguistic register. Then: How do we translate? What do we translate, mainly when the target language does not possess in its judicial system legal instances, as =barrister‘, =advocate‘, etc…? The register uncommonness makes the translator, who has no clear-cut knowledge of legal linguistic and semantic nature, imprisoned or handicapped.

Translation embodies different activities as long as translated documents differ, providing that the main purpose of this task is to render a message from the source language into the target language. Nevertheless, the process of such mission needs some prerequisites so that the transfer would be operated as methodical and thoroughly as possible. Indeed, this path has to go through specific phases which vary according to the type of the text the translator deals with. Once moving from one language into another, the translator has to bear in mind that general texts do not require the same terminology management like specialized ones. As defined by Jean-René LADMIRAL, we mean by specialized translation all the informative texts, where the language has a designated function of representation, and documents are centered on real objects. Such definition may point out that interpretation in specialized translation is limited.

We know any language superficially, if we don‘t weigh the value of its terms. The selection of words gives possibilities for a better communication. Linguists and the like have raised a series of questions: What is synonymy? How does it appear in language? Two languages are used as examples: Arabic and French?

In training interpretation quality assessment essentially differs from assessment in the field due to its guiding function and to the importance it allocates to the interpreting process as opposed to the quality of the product. A process-oriented assessment is recommended for the early part of the training syllabus in view of its psychological advantages and its efficiency in guiding students. A gradual migration towards product-oriented assessment is however necessary so as to increase the efficiency of the instructors‘ intervention in helping students optimize the product and in preparing them to graduation tests. Potential discrepancies between the instructors‘ norms and market norms are not fundamentally problematic as long as they reflect higher standards in the training environment rather than differences in interpretation strategies and norms.

The issue of teaching / learning of grammatical knowledge in language teaching encourages thinking constantly methodological mediation tools for anchoring some knowledge among language users in the institutional context. A convergent educational establishing a metalinguistic discourse between systems of Arabic and French, can register an entry to an illuminating approach to semantics grammar. A knowledge transfer contents in a possible logical equivalence of data, is able to reduce the margins of complexity in the case of languages marked by a distance interlinguistic proven. The study of the predicative sentence in French, may reflect class experience where language contact situation appears as a regulatory tool constraints conceptualization of the facts of the languages most "stubborn".

To ensure its success, an advertisement must be in harmony with social values, so that his speech fits into society without risk of rejection or indifference. Thus, encoding and decoding of an advertising discourse challenge, in addition to linguistic competence, communicative and language competence, that is to say the contextual and situational norms that govern the practical use of language, among other relevant cultural knowledge. It is in this cultural knowledge that we may encounter difficulties of interpretation and understanding,, which can lead in time to a difference between the interpretation that the person provides and the anticipated or desired by the speaker.

Translation Studies has attempted to categorize the texts commonly transferred into clearly defined typologies. General translation theorists were quick to propose their own typologies, the most famous of which were Katarina Reiss, Peter Newmark, and Basil Hatim‘s typologies. Legal translation theorists emulated general translation theorists‘ trend, while proposing typologies peculiar to legal translation and legal texts. In this regard, the typologies of Jean-Claude Gémar, Susan Sarcevic, and Deborah Cao are the most important. In the present paper, an investigating study elaborates a holistic typology that has attempted to take into account previous works while relying on various criteria in the categorization of the different sorts of genres and types of texts and translation types.

This study raises some problems related to the competence the translator is supposed to have (and must have) in order to translate texts in scientific fields. This study tries to give answers to the (re)construction of the textual, communicative and pragmatic concepts and the perspectives of their usage. The study has also raised some ambiguities that face the translator of linguistic texts, mainly terms and expressions that put a wedge in the understanding of the text.

Translating idiomatic expressions is a difficult and complicated process. It requires the translator not only to perfectly master the source language and the target language, but also to have a cultural sensitivity in both languages, taking into account the linguistic and metalinguistic difficulties and obstacles which hinder the transfer of all meanings and allusions that conveys the original expression and would fail to reproduce the same effect that arouses the original expression in the mind and the psyche of translation’s reader. Through this intervention, we will try to answer a main problem relating to the translatability of idiomatic expressions from French to Arabic in the literary text. From this problem arises a no less important question, in this case: if the idiomatic expressions are translatable, what would then be the most adequate translative process to do this?

There are many approaches and models for Translation Quality Assessment (TQA), which are based on theories in translation and linguistics. What are these approaches and models? What are their potentials and Limitations? What is the relationship between them? The aim of this article is to introduce some of the most important approaches and models for TQA, both quantitative and non-quantitative, based on the descriptive analytical method. The study concludes the importance of translation assessment with its different models, and the necessity of using them instead of relying on subjective judgement.

Legal translation is considered as one of the most difficult fields to be tackled; regardless the linguistic side a translator may encounter in such texts, there are other challenges to face and might make his mission more complicated, especially when there is no sufficient knowledge about the different aspects a legal text may reflect, that is why it is necessary for a legal translator to have a deep theoretical background on how to tackle such texts in order to bypass the different obstacles hindering him to convey the message correctly.

This study aims to address the concept of revision as a critical measure that falls within the translation process by highlighting its impact on the quality of translation, and this is by adopting a descriptive analytical research approach. The study touched on the various concepts and elements related to the revision and the quality of translation. The study concluded that revision contributes significantly to ensuring the quality of translation. However, revision can negatively affect the quality of translation if it is subjective.

The translators/ interprets played and still play an important role in multilingual communication which is increasing all the time. This kind of communication improves the different exchanges between people speaking different languages. The reason why today it becomes necessary for companies to have translators/interpreters despite their activities .the question that asks itself is what are the personnel qualities and professional qualifications for interpreter/ translator? Defining those qualities and qualifications helps practicing the profession in field, and contributes to elaborate an academic program which coordinates between the needs of the current market and the college formation. Also this study allows making a future personnel and professional profile of the translator/interpreter including the polyvalence as a need more than a quality.

This essay is a translation of Roger Allen’s introduction to the volume Arabic Literature in the Post-Classical Period, which was published by Cambridge University Press as part of its “History of Arabic Literature.” The volume, which was edited by Allen himself along with Donald Sidney Richards, includes contributions by prominent scholars of the field. Allen’s introduction provides key concepts, visions, and reflections about the literary, political, and intellectual orientations and complications of one certain period of Arabic literature. Entitled, “The Post-Classical Period: Parameters and Preliminaries,” the introduction focuses on the production of Arabic literature from the Fall of Baghdad to the Mongol in 1258 until Napoleon Bonaparte’s campaign in Egypt in 1798-1801, which arguably ushered in the era of modern Arabic literature.

Communication process is not only speaking or writing words. It is very a complex matter that requires factors affective such as language, grammar, experience and non-verbal elements. Sign language and facial expressions can reveal what person is trying to express than what person actually says in in conversation of face-to-face interactions. However, in text-based communication. The absence of non-verbal can cause misunderstanding and confusion in interpersonal communication. This study focuses on the role of emojis and emoticons in communication technology, specially Messenger and WhatsApp application. This study depends on a theory called (Media Richness Theory) that is proposed by Daft and Lengel. The method used is qualitative research method. Research results show that emoji and emoticons have very important role in interpersonal communication technology.

For more than thirty years, the environmental issue has significantly risen in scientific, institutional and academic circles and has then spread in the press as well as the ordinary discourses. In response to that, new terms have been created to designate new concepts, which resulted in the emergence of neologisms. Thus, our study will focus on all the terminological creations, clearly dated and linked to the concept of "ecological refugees". So far, several terms are used in order to designate these people; thus creating a conceptual vagueness. Therefore, our study will put emphasis on the emergence and propagation of these neological forms in the French-speaking press. We will follow the evolution of the concept of “ecological refugees” and its terminological variations through a scientific watch, made possible thanks to Europress, in order to identify which neologism has established them over time.

This paper primarily deals with the methodology of a translating Legal Public Service document from Arabic into English language. In the study is of two folds: the first part is devoted to the theoretical bases of translation and interpretation in the public services, mainly in the legal field. The second part is the practice through a genuine analysis of the corpus namely “Work Permit” issued from the Directorate of Work in Algeria. This analysis highlights the distinctive difficulties and problems that may arise during the translation process. Finally, a glossary was set out to sum up the main terminology and expressions found in this corpus.

Rasa needs as much emotional focus as is required in premature ejaculation (Shiv Drishti. 1986, p. 09). Perhaps this desired emotional state is the result of the reflective presence of the self and attention. Out of the many known and unknown Indian writers on this topic, there are two critics of dramaturgy, namely Shilaleen and Krishashava, who wrote about the theory of drama even before Bharata. Along with Bharata’s Natyashastra (of the first century?), Abhinav Gupta’s Abhinay Bharti is also available to us in Hindi by Archaraya Vishveshawar. Abhinav is one of the most ancient and authentic authors of the critical Tikas (paraphrases) on Natyashastra. This paper shall re-read the roles of the translator, the reader and the author through the Indian theories of Rasa, which is the domain in question, in particular by Bharata and Abhinav Gupta, the authors of the aforementioned texts.

This is a translation of an article by the researcher, Winfried Nöth, in which he touched upon the relationship of semiotics as a science to the structures of signs within the framework of ideology as a system of ideas. The application of the semiotic procedure in the study of the ideological pattern underlies the discourse.

In this chapter of the work "fantastic linguistics" the author « Kees Versteegh » evokes the conception of Ibn Jinni (392 hegira) around the great derivation (or the major derivation) based on the mutation of the consonants of the root, by exploring its sources and its extensions in the Arab, Jewish and Latin heritages.

Given the diversity of our world, medical interpreting, in which participants do not share the same language, is becoming more common. However, when it comes to intercultural aspects in medical care, problems and deficits are usually in the foreground. This paper has used a descriptive and analytical approach to find the most stringent challenges facing medical interpreters in healthcare settings. The study aims to determine the problems and triggers the most useful strategies to cope with them.

The existence of translation is due to the diversity of languages and cultures, which are the main cause of the difficulties and obstacles in language transfer. This fact leads to the emergence of words that seem untranslatable into other languages and, subsequently, cause linguistic and cultural gaps.

Journalistic writing employs and mobilizes a number of discursive devices, such as polyphony and argumentation. These two processes combine in some cases to form a whole discursive process, which is referred to as ‘argumentative polyphony.’ The objective of this article is to reflect on and problematize the notion of ‘argumentative polyphony’ in the journalistic columns of Sid Ahmed Semiane and Hakim Laalam. Through this study, we aim to understand the function of argumentative polyphony and its use in the press discourse via a linguistic study inspired by the theory of argumentation of Oswald Ducrot (1980/1984)) and Jean-Claude Anscombre.

As most learners and teachers described, writing is a challenging task due to its different aspects. Accordingly, learners, frequently, tend to transfer from L1 to L2. Technological development brought various tools to help learners overcome their difficulties that Google Translate (GT) is the ideal option among students.

The translation of philosophical texts is essentially a philosophical work. The nature of the philosophical language means that it does not consist of words that have a direct meaning only, so that it can be translated easily, according to the traditional methods of scientific translation, its rules and mechanisms, but it also consists of concepts that need thorough philosophical understanding. Hence, the translation of a philosophical text is also a hermeneutical and philosophical activity. It is a creative activity that works to reproduce philosophical ideas contained in concepts.

The lived situation and the transmitted history find their firmness and meaning through their narration. According to this point of view, the historical narrative, as a translator of experiences and realities, contains a multidimensional representation of an identity and a memory. The novel finds, here, an activity of transmission of the past. As a result, it becomes memory. The effect of memory is certainly capital in this process of the diffusion of culture, customs and history. This process of identity construction is never deprived of historicity. Memory and history are closely linked since they form the various aspects of collective identity.

The analysis of transfer involves determining the way different factors interplay in shaping multilinguistic competence. The present study aims at investigating the impact of prototypicality on syntactic transfer. The study adopts a qualitative approach where data is collected from the written composition of 40 students of English at Laghouat University. The first step is the analysis and categorisation of errors. The students’ judgements of prototypicality are measured through individualised questionnaires. The findings of the study indicate that there are some patterns to the learners’ syntactic errors; part of these errors is attributable to transfer from the mother tongue. The findings also reveal that learners’ awareness about syntactic markedness in their mother tongue has a direct impact on reduction of transfer. One major implication is teaching practices that take into account explicit consciousness raising activities that are built on contrastive analyses of markedness.

The present study analyses linguistic variation and change in the Mzabi community. The objective is to understand how extralinguistic variables determine linguistic variation and language change. The first research instrument is a glossary translated to Mzabi dialect showing linguistic variation and change. The second is a questionnaire that elicits data about the participants’ attitudes towards their ethnic variety. The study is supported with an interview designed to observe the linguistic behaviour of the participants. The sample consists of 62 Mzabi. The translation of the glossary shows that there are many instances of contact-induced language change that is mostly from Arabic. The findings also reveal that there are some differences between the participants’ attitudes with regard to their age and education while gender remains of a peripheral impact. Finally, the study concludes that the young educated male participants are the leaders of linguistic change in the Mzabi community.

This article attempts to wrestle with a challenging aspect in the recent Irish debate on identity and nationalism, which is that Irish collective and individual experiences have undergone a shift in terms of social incentives that all dwell on scarcely addressed psychological variables. The article’s primary objective is to explore Irish identity which has historically been imagined to be one continuum by delving into the concepts of generations, social shift, and trauma. Finally, by uncovering the representations of social shift after the Irish War of Independence in this novel, the finding brings to light a previously overlooked aspect in Irish literature, namely Irishness, concept infused with a multitude of symptoms curtailing a deeply psychologically traumatized culture.

In this article, which has for subject the translation and the teaching of the French language in Algeria, we explain the bases of a new didactic strategy: to introduce the translation in the read text. It is a question of inserting words translated into Arabic in the right side of the text studied to guide the understanding of the students during the reading comprehension session. In this way, we participate in the enrichment of paratextual elements (title, source, illustration, etc.). We seek, at the same time and thanks to the results obtained, to show that this lexical translation is not limited to the text; it can also play the same role, provide the meaning of the word if it is introduced into the textbook. To verify the usefulness of our contribution, we carried out an experiment within the 3rd year class of the middle cycle.

This article aims to shed light on the Quranic term and what they bear as semantic and linguistic secrets. The translator of the meanings of the Holy Quran finds that the words in the Holy Quran are characterized with ultimate accuracy and wisdom because of what they have as precise meaning. However, there are some nuances that require from the translator the accuracy in the selection of their equivalences in the target language according to their contextual meaning to transfer faithfully the meanings and the intentions of the verses (Ayat) of Allah.

The purpose of this study is to identify the students’ immediate needs in language and to contribute to the elaboration of a curriculum through the design of a series of activities, covering all the fields to which the young translator will be confronted.

Adaptation is a kind of violation of the unity of the text. Whatever the film producer is doing, his quest is no more than a deconstruction and a reconstruction of the text. This reconstruction is, almost, a new creation of a new type of artistic production. Though the author manifests himself, here and there through the screen, he is devoiced and his identity is fragmented through the making of the scenes and images of the film. Any text has a variety of interpretations. Its plurality is potential with endless possible significations: its signifier has many signifieds. Negotiations, manipulations and focalization of the camera eye decide upon the product orientation of filmconstruction. Reproducing literature into film is, then, very challenging. The novel fictionalizes life, whereas the film literalizes it. The case of Marleen Gorris’s film of Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway is very illustrative

All aspects of human daily practice constitute a subject of semiotics, whether expressed by linguistic or non-linguistic signs. All forms of human communication are originally a work of signs bearing indictations that tell us about a situation or about a certain experience or about culture, and reveal to us one’s identity. The aproach of the Italian translator and theorist Umberto Eco, which is based on semiotic analystic, raises many theoretical issues that concern the field of translation as essence, content and context.

This article seeks to stand at the stylistic features in Slimane Azem’s kabyle poems translated into Arabic. In order to address these features and know their mechanisms, we have taken some of his poems, as a sample, for application and analysis according to the stylistic method. The study focuses on the various technical devices that the poet relied on in the linguistic displacement of the words of his poems, trying to highlight some of the stylistic contexts that characterize Azem’s verse.

It is surprising to note that the history and even the fate of foreign language teaching are intimately linked to translation, which, according to the most recent research, constitutes a significant paradigm for teaching today. In fact, this research has shown, on the one hand, that this practice is still present in FLE classes, through code alternation, and on the other hand, that translation is likely to support and optimize cognitive processes, which intervene in the learning / acquisition of foreign languages. In this case, what is / are the nature (s) of the relationship between foreign language teaching and translation? What is the current situation like? What are the main lines of this didactic contextualization? What are the steps that should interest the didactician / practitioner in order to "didacticize" translation during courses reserved for learning foreign languages, in general, and those of the French language, in particular?

This research paper focuses on a pragmatic view of the discourse and what the subject of intentionality, which has philosophical roots, may add to the discourse analysis. In this research, the concept of intentionality is defined in language and heritage and in philosophical and linguistic terminology. Then it concludes with an overview of translation theories and mentions the importance of intentionality in the translation process and how it may be an important resource for the translator and translation critic, alike. Then, an applied part provides a model for translating a debate discourse that shows the most important aspects of intentionality. Finally, the research states the results focusing on the subject of intentionality in translating debates discourse.

Translation is a human activity that dates back to the dawn of time. Indeed, it was already essential for the first peoples speaking different languages to ensure permanent and effective interaction. Today, it has not only become ubiquitous but has evolved to appear in a new way. Thanks to technological development, particularly in the field of IT, translation has been able to take advantage from certain functionalities capable of optimizing the act of translation and easing along the way the translator’s task. The latter finds himself/herself, unlike his fellows of past centuries, well "armed" for providing his/her services. The weapons are none other than technological tools that abound, day after day, to the great dismay of the translator, who no longer knows which tool to turn to! Thence, we found useful to review the main tools that may help translators to speed up the translation process and improve the quality of the final product.

The main purpose of tourist translation is to allow foreign readers to learn about the picturesque places and to attract their interest to these sites, as they are expected to acquire some cultural information, including geography, religion, customs, history, etc., which requires the latter to be of high quality and to ensure the good transmission and reception of information. Therefore, translated tourist text should play two roles: the first is to convey the related information, and the second is to provide guidance. This paper will state some recommended criteria in order to reach high quality in tourist translation. The paper will also talk about tourist texts, their features and functions as well as translator’s main strategies for translating tourist texts.

The present paper revolves around aesthetic aspects of Mohammed Dib’s style of writing in his novel Les Terrasses d’Orsol, and the way he shaped and constructed its story. The study mainly investigates the power of the poetics of the novel in order to convey latent philosophic and mystic significance to the reader, who may find some difficulties to unravel its real deep message. Thus, the paper endeavors to reveal the main challenges that the translator encountered to render all the subtleties of this book in Arabic, which is essentially a poetic language. Moreover, the research seeks to prove how translatable is the musicality of French and that of the Nouveau Roman in Arabic, and how capable is the translator to read the implicit meanings of Dib’s text, to decide of the suitable tools and strategies that are needed to approach this modernist and completely different novel.

The present paper revolves around aesthetic aspects of Mohammed Dib’s style of writing in his novel Les Terrasses d’Orsol, and the way he shaped and constructed its story. The study mainly investigates the power of the poetics of the novel in order to convey latent philosophic and mystic significance to the reader, who may find some difficulties to unravel its real deep message. Thus, the paper endeavors to reveal the main challenges that the translator encountered to render all the subtleties of this book in Arabic, which is essentially a poetic language. Moreover, the research seeks to prove how translatable is the musicality of French and that of the Nouveau Roman in Arabic, and how capable is the translator to read the implicit meanings of Dib’s text, to decide of the suitable tools and strategies that are needed to approach this modernist and completely different novel.

In this article, we have discussed Arabic legal terminology with religious value. The latter are the terms of Islamic law on which the Algerian family code is based. They group together the rules determining family relations in Algeria. According to a multilingual equivalence approach, we found that the equivalents proposed in French and Spanish for the same terms of the Arabic language of Islamic law do not highlight the same communicative and functional value. By analyzing this value, we have tried to find out whether the decisions taken by the translators are imposed by linguistic, discursive or cultural context. This description highlights the serious translation problems posed by Islamic law terms and the reasons for these constraints, which are exclusively religious and cultural.

This paper aims to discuss the Quranic Economic Concepts from a translational view. The Quranic concepts constitute a special unique glossary that obliges the researcher to deal with these concepts according to the Semantic Fields Theory. This later helps the researcher to maintain position of the concept among its Quranic conceptual field. The Holy Quran deals with the Muslim daily life issues, particularly economy. Transferring The Quran to non-Arabic speakers, the translator of these economic concepts faces difficulties in ensuring the communicational process under the absence of the most appropriate equivalent in the target language. Hence, we conclude that Quranic Semantics is the most efficient approach in rendering the meaning of Zakat at the aim of achieving a better meaningful translation of this concept.

Literature translated for children in the Arab world is governed by ideological and cultural concerns, which controvert the Arabic values and morals. To try to overcome some of the issues that arise while translating children’s literature, this study examines some selected Brothers’ Grimm fairy tales emphasising whether the translators’ faithfulness to the source text affects the translation product, or not. In addition, it seeks to find whether translators take the target reader and culture into consideration while they attempt to render those fairy tales into Arabic, i.e., whether they use adaptation as a method of translation, or not. The results portray that those translators were faithful to the source text neglecting the age of the target reader; child and his culture. Thus, translating for children should be governed by some rules and principles, in order to avoid the threats caused by the international children’s literature on the target culture.

Translation technological tools are receiving major updates continuously. Even though machine translation (MT) is one of the most used technologies, computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools proved to be more reliable in aiding translators with their challenging tasks. However, combining these two into what is called Machine Translation Enhanced Computer Assisted Translation is an interesting trend. This paper primarily focuses on introducing the MateCat tool and explaining how it works. Then, it employs a descriptive approach to compare two translations of a science article from English into Arabic using Google Translate and MateCat, respectively. This process aims to see how well these tools carry out this task in certain areas. The results show that the translation quality of the MT-enhanced MateCate was better than that of the stand-alone Google Translate tool.

Translation in Algeria is a recent field. It has been taught in Algerian universities through many stages, either as an independent specialty or as a ‘module’ in other fields. This is due to political and social reasons more than educational ones. Students, after graduation, find themselves facing a very choking reality represented in a gap between studies and labor market. Throughout this study, we looked for the reasons after that gap between academic and professional translation; then, we suggested some methods to find a balance between them. This study resulted, prominently, in the necessity to reconsider the curricula in line with the specificities of each region and its economic structures so that the university does not remain far from the labor market, besides valuing the efforts of researchers as well as the recommendations of colloquiums and conferences so as not to just remain words on paper.

The field of translation is so vast it relies more on specialized terms, which are very difficult. The multiplicity of terms for one reference, especially specialized dictionaries, have increased this problem due to the lack of comprehensiveness of this dictionary, or its difference with other dictionaries in adopting the term, or because the term was not explained and the appropriate counterpart was not chosen. Therefore, it is not expected that the translator will excel in all disciplines, but rather he must specialize in a specific field, such as specializing in the scientific, literary or sports fields. The main objective of this research is to address the language of specialization in the sports field. It will focus on the term in/of the sports language.

The ironic folk proverb is characterized by stylistic and semantic features. It is marked by shortness, eloquence, and ironic style, using colloquial and metaphors to impact the addressee. These characteristics pose a challenge to the translator when translating an ironic folk proverb from Arabic to any other foreign language, given the culture’s differences. The ironic folk proverb is a social product. It discusses the society’s issues, referring to its cultural codes. The study aims to identify the mechanisms of translating an ironic folk proverb, using comparative stylistic techniques, by analyzing selected models from the translation of two satirical fiction. The analysis revealed that many translation procedures preserve both the meaning and the form of the Arabic ironic folk proverb when transferred into French.

This study delves into the Arabic translation of Jean-Paul Sartre postcolonial work Orphee Noir by Mohamed El Maaradji.

The paper studies the implicit negation as a linguistic process in the Holy Quran through three grammatical and rhetorical processes

Audiovisual translation is of particular importance due to its increased demand and the need of the people of the Arabic language to it. Culture-Specific Items are considered one of the most important aspects of audiovisual texts, as they reflect a large part of their spirit and identity.

The relationship between scientific popularization and translation is symbiotic; each process enhances the other’s efficacy. Scientific popularization relies on effective translation to bridge linguistic gaps and make accessible content available to broader audiences.The main objective of this study is to highlight the relationship between translation and scientific popularization and their power to simplify economic and financial terminology in one of the well-known magazines in the world (i.e. Finance and Development, IMF). The main findings of this study consist of the magazine’s specific style in simplifying and translating economic terminology through the use of many techniques, like: dialogues, pictures, anaphora, metaphors, and telling stories,…etc.

Languages and multilingualism are two processes that are similar to the Algerian sociolinguistic situation. When the child arrives at school around the age of 5, this constitutes for him a complete break with his family linguistic habits. He begins his schooling with standard Arabic, a language that is foreign to him, and it is so throughout his school and even university course. The mother tongue creates in the speaker this essential identity link, hence the difficulty he may encounter in understanding a foreign language. The relationship between French and the mother tongue has always occupied an essential place in the reflections of specialists in the school environment. So, a question arises: Should we eliminate translation/code-switching because it is an obstacle or, conversely, rely on it to better manage educational progress? Indeed, the use of the other language helps the learner to acquire knowledge that is certain but incomplete and will not effectively serve the teaching/learning of French as a foreign language.

We cannot pretend to ignore that the methods capable of initiating or improving the process of learning foreign languages have always been a subject of focus, which ostensibly finds an echo in the research, carried out in the sciences of education as much as in language teaching. This research attempts to define the place that translation- as a didactic aid- has occupied and currently occupies, by making an inventory of the methodologies of teaching foreign languages. Thus, it is by means of a questionnaire addressed to a panel of forty teachers that we will try to identify the representations that the latter have of this type of didactic practice in the development of the skills of Algerian learners in French as a foreign language.

Our research analyzes the various types of definitions and their formulation methods. To achieve this objective, we analyze a series of definition patterns in the Legal Terms Dictionary. Our study examines the characteristics of terminological definition, its formulation principles, and fundamental models. Practitioners of terminological writing should create a well-structured methodology for composing definitions, which is emphasized in this article. In the methodology of translating terminological definitions, we utilized a combination of textual analysis and Corpus- Based Study tools to analyze source language term texts and obtain a comprehensive understanding of their various meanings. In order to achieve this goal, we have used "Sketch Engine" software, a reliable translation tool that facilitates the creation of specialized dictionaries and databases. By utilizing this tool, we are able to provide accurate and reliable term translations, thereby significantly enhancing the quality of translation and ensuring accuracy in various fields.

Literary translation is one of the most important types of translation and the most difficult in general, and preserving the aesthetic characterics and features of the text remains one of its most important challenges. And linguistic and aesthetic to be constructed and transferred to the target language. Given the importance of literary translation and the problems facing the literary translator, this study came to explain how I translated The child of Sands by Moroccan writer Tahar ben Jelloun and compared it with original text written in French, which was translated by Muhammed Al Shorki. We will try to clarify the translator’s work, which is to preserve the technical and aesthetic characteristics of the original text, in addition to searching for the mechanisms.

The study sought to investigate the presence of reflective practice in the translation and interpreting classroom. Reflective Practice is regarded as a highly effective metacognitive strategy used to improve the learning experience significantly. A survey research was conducted with 72 participants from the Translation Institute of Oran (Algeria), with the aim of researching the extent to which reflective practice is used in the translation and interpreting classroom. The results revealed a scarce and unstructured use of reflection and self-examination in the classroom both on students and teachers’ parts. The findings of the study highlight the importance of fostering a learning environment where metacognition is implemented and encouraged while also pointing towards the need to present teachers with training opportunities in relevant didactic approaches that make use of metacognitive strategies, such as reflective practice.

This article focuses on translation as a process of communication between different languages, highlighting lexical and syntactic differences. It focuses on the study of the coexistence of languages in French courses at the secondary level in Algeria. The research is based on semi-structured interviews with French teachers and a questionnaire for 3AS (secondary year) students. The answers collected relate both to the language practices of the students and to metalinguistic discourse. Discourse analysis makes it possible to explore representations of languages, their norms, characteristics and status by teachers and students, which influence strategies for learning and using languages.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how to professionalize university training for translators and identify the mechanisms and strategies involved in this. This required the use of a comparative analytical approach, beginning with a theoretical analysis and comparison of university training in translation with professional training. We then analyze the outputs of university training to determine the profile of a translator upon graduation. We highlight the active role that universities can play in linking academic training for translators to the job market, and enriched this approach through practical examples of mechanisms and strategies for professionalizing university training, drawn from original corpus of professional translation and selected reports on internships and projects of startup in Annaba.

Translation plays a significant role in the world of media. It makes information accessible by overcoming linguistic and cultural barriers. Consequently, media institutions often use professional translators to translate different types of media content. The study highlights the main challenges faced by translators at the Algerian Press Agency (APS), as well as the fundamental aspects of translation within the agency. We have found that translators encounter several challenges, such as speed, quality, attractiveness and adaptability. To deal with these problems, translators must work in close collaboration with specialists in the different fields covered. The development of writing and translation skills, as well as continuing education are also necessary to meet the demands of the journalistic field.

Professional translation training presents a significant challenge in preparing future translators for the demands of the job market. This study compares academic and professional translation training, accentuating the essential skills and requirements and highlighting the differences and similarities between the two approaches. It also clarifies the needs of the job market, encouraging for a more practical and skills-oriented approach in translation training programs. In addition, the study discusses the role of translation software, artificial intelligence, and technological advancements in the field of translation. It offers a practical study based on professional texts in general and specialized translation fields, focusing on Arabic and French languages. The aim is to analyze the specific challenges faced by translators in specialized fields and propose solutions to enhance collaboration between universities and translation professionals, facilitating a smoother transition between academic training and the job market.

The Teaching of specialized translation in Algerian Universities focuses on a type of texts with a didactic orientation. The assigned programs may be the source of the considerable gap between the academic teaching and the labor market. As soon as they graduate, translation students will face types of texts that bear no resemblance to those taught at the University, such as sales deeds from the colonial era, written in cursive French calligraphy and Maghrebi Arabic calligraphy. These deeds manuscripts bear witness to a very important chapter in the history of colonized Algeria and reveal a historico-political background of the orientalist movement in Algeria, the institution of legal translation, assimilation and estate management; a challenge to the current student and future official translator- interpreter who will handle the translation of this type of manuscripts.

Interpreters have constantly played a key role in various multilingual environments involving different entities. The sanitary context caused by Covid-19 led to the emergence and the spread of new technical means liable to help stakeholders ensure their communications remotely. As a result, all interpreters required to perform online interpreting have to be aware of the usual obstacles in order to perform their tasks in line with the guidelines expressed by the source and the target audiences in terms of effective multilingual communication, clarity and goal achievement. This paper aims at describing online interpreting by analyzing the methods and the tools that interpreters should take into consideration for such tasks. On the other hand, it illustrates some of the unexpected hurdles that interpreters may have to face by reviewing former studies on remote interpreting and by reporting multiple experiments involving multilingual market research sessions in three Algerian cities, namely Algiers, Oran and Sétif, from December 2020 to March 2023.

The objective of this study is to shed light on the most important foreign economic terms developed in the light of global transformations and crises, during the period 1970-2023, and evaluating the accuracy of its translation in Arabic economic research. We used historical and descriptive approaches to test the hypothesis: Arabic economic research was unable to agree on an accurate and unified translation of foreign economic terms. The results revealed the absence of linguistic proofreading in the Arabic translation of newly introduced foreign economic terms, due to the differences in content, context, treatment, and understanding of these terms, and the absence of systematic efforts to discuss the problems of Arabic economic translation. Finally, we suggested directing efforts towards reviving both “Lexicography” and “Arabicization” process of foreign economic terms, by adopting Arab research institutions the issuance of a “Unified Dictionary of Economic Terms,” particularly new introduced terms.

Despite the growing availability and advancement of technological tools in the translation and interpreting industry, there is a limited research that addresses their adoption and utilization in Algeria. This paper investigates the current state of technology integration within the Algerian professional translation and interpreting landscape. The study follows a qualitative approach in which the data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with nine professional Algerian translators and interpreters. The results show that translators use various technologies, whereas interpreters depend only on limited tools. Observed issues included a lack of accessibility to paid tools and an absence of alignment between academic training and job market requirements. This paper suggests conducting more research on this topic to address other issues related to the professional context and technology.