This research aims to identify the extent to which the agents’ habitus and intellectual trajectory influence the end product of translation and further to understand the complex portrait of how the agents’ experiences, history, and backgrounds influence the process of translation. The researcher presents a case study utilizing an explanation of Bourdieu’s theoretical framework. The data used in this research involves an interview with the translator Trevor Le Gassick, identifying his experiences, history and backgrounds that might influence the process of translation to figure out if he has a certain degree of liberty in his choice of strategies and practices. The researcher also uses examples from Le Gassick’s translation of novels written by the Egyptian Nobel laureate Naguib Mahfouz to validate his interview responses. It is concluded that the translator’s habitus and intellectual life trajectories strongly influence the process and product of translation. This will allow for more consideration of individual agency in relation to a cultural production.

The international community has been exerting much effort to set an effective mechanism for prosecuting and punishing the offenders who violate the international human rights law and other international laws. Eventually, after the United Nation exerted much effort, the Statute of the International Criminal Court was adopted in 1998. The latter statute came into force in 2002. Since 2002, the offenders who commit genocides, crimes against humanity, and war crimes have been held criminally liable for their crime. Due to such statute, they are not exempted from punishment any more. In other words, there is not any immunity nor any kind of protection that may prevent the enforcement of punishment on those offenders. Establishing the Permanent International Criminal Court is a high significant step throughout human history to ensure that those offenders are prosecuted and punished. The significance of the present study arises from seeking to identify the reasons for excluding the criminal responsibility of offenders who committed international offenses requirements in accordance with the Statute of the Permanent International Criminal Court. This study also aimed at identifying the legal requirements that must be fulfilled to be implemented to set the legal effects and comparing them with those stated in the national criminal law......

The goal of this study is to highlight the loyalty and citizenship values from the 17th Jordanian Parliament members’ perspective. To help answering the research question, the researcher developed a 94-item questionnaire. The sample consisted of (43) members of the parliament. The results showed that (83) items have scored a high level of agreement whereas six items have reached a moderate level of agreement. Moreover, five items have been given a low level of agreement. Further, the study showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of (a=0.05) with respect to the independent study variables, namely sex, educational background, representative membership and party affiliation.

The paper presents a terminological study of the concept of terrorism as a language, a process and a reality. It examines the term terrorism in the Arabic dictionary and its various meanings that are limited to various derivations, namely: fear, threat, warning, inconvenience, lightness, worship, arrow and exhausted camels. The meaning of the term is examined as used in the Quran and Sunnah to help figure out its true implications that proved to be different from the linguistic reality. The term also proves to be different from its derivatives: fear of Allah the Almighty, human fear, worship and of asceticism. The paper aims to show how the actual meaning of the term is different from its linguistic and legislative reality and explores these differences to propose alternatives for the term. It also offers conclusions and recommendations while asserting that there is no legal or political consensus on the meaning of “terrorism” in the present time.

This study aimed at investigating the prevailing social relations between teachers of Physical Education and students at schools of Al-Mazar Directorate of Education. The sample of the study consisted of (618) students, namely (327) males and (291) females. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach (survey) that goes along with the aim of this study. Data were statistically analyzed through means, standard deviations, relative importance indexing, ANOVA and Schaffe test. The results revealed high positive social relations between teachers of Physical Education and their students at schools of Al-Mazar Directorate of Education. Moreover, the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the teachers and their students according to the gender variable. Additionally, the results proved that there were statistically significant differences in favor of the “below good” average variable and family income (below 300 JD). Furthermore, the study concluded that those teachers of Physical Education enjoyed a distinctive level of social relations with their students. Finally, the researcher recommended benefiting from teachers who enjoy this distinctive level of social relations in the implementation of plans and programs that contribute to the development of educational level at distinctive level of social relations.

This study aims at identifying the suitable age to launch training of various sporting activities from the point of views of both the administrative and academic staff. After reviewing related literature and comparing theoretical and empirical studies, the researcher utilized a survey that goes along with the aim of this study. To achieve the goal of the study, the researcher developed a questionnaire with the help of experts in this field and ensured its validity and reliability. The sample of the study comprises 56 coaches working at sports unions and clubs in Jordan in different sporting activities. For statistical treatment, the researcher uses means, percentages as well as frequencies. The findings of the study have revealed that there is a consensus among coaches on the criteria of selecting juniors i.e., they have to be scientifically based besides medical check-ups. The academic staff highlighted other crucial factors that should be taken into account viz., biological age, innateness, heredity, and prediction of the degree of stability as well as taking into consideration the individual differences. Both academics and coaches emphasize that the suitable age to start training depends on the type of activity since each activity requires a specific suitable age and this depends on different stages of growth. Finally, the researcher recommends adopting scientific bases for selecting the talents. Furthermore, special attention should be given to children as a basic block in selection......

The aim of this study is to show the effect of the factors determining the level of financial and nonfinancial disclosure of the commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. To achieve this objective, the study followed the analytical descriptive method. The regression model was applied to test the hypotheses of the study. It is a qualitative study that is based on secondary sources to measure independent variables based on the annual financial reports of commercial banks. The sample of the study covered the years from 2014-2015. The study population consists of (13) commercial banks as classified by, the Amman Stock Exchange.The researchers used the SPSS program to test the hypotheses of the study. The most important results of the study were: there is a lack of awareness and knowledge of the details of the provisions of Article (22 / disclosure and transparency) of the provisions of the institutional governance of banks no. (58/2014) on 30/9/2014. There is a lack of transparency in the mandatory and voluntary disclosure provisions.The study showed a statistically significant effect on the size of the bank (capital) and a positive relationship of financial and nonfinancial disclosure for commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange.The study also showed a statistically significant impact on the profitability, financial leverage, and liquidity of the bank in the financial and non-financial disclosure of commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange, reflecting that the level of financial and non-financial disclosure in the annual reports of commercial banks is positively affected by profitability.The study recommended increasing the necessary attention to the financial and non-financial disclosure of commercial banks listed on the ASE, and raising the necessary awareness of the contents of Article 22 (Disclosure and Transparency) of the Corporate Governance Instructions for Commercial Banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. Also, the study emphasizes the importance of enahncing coordination and organization in the process of financial and non-financial disclosure, linking them together, and encouraging and strengthening commercial banks on non-financial disclosure due to its positive impact on the profitability achieved......

This study aims to identify the effect of the linguistic games on improving the linguistic communication skills of kindergarteners in Jordan. It is based on the quasi-experimental approach. The sample of the study consists of (35) children from kindergartens. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers have developed a linguistic communication skills test. The results reveal that the linguistic games have statistically significant differences in the performance of kindergarteners in favor of the experimental group. The study recommends the necessity of designing linguistic games to be used in teaching kindergarteners besides training their teachers on how to implement them in the classroom.

The aim of this study is to shed light on the economic conditions in Palestine and the extent of their impact on the circumstances of the Second World War in the period from 1939 to 1945. It is clear that since the Balfour Declaration of 1917 Palestine has passed through political occurences that have influenced many of its life aspects. The Palestinian resistance to the Mandate and Zionism has escalated from protest to establishing political parties and then to armed movements. The great Palestinian revolution that broke out in1936 was the biggest local event in Palestine. It was a threeyear-old revolution that only breathed its last breath after World War I broke out on September 1, 1939. This revolution left its significant imprint on the different aspects of life due to the fact that many sectors of the Palestinian society were engaged in it. When the revolution stopped, the internal situation in Palestine was at its worst. As a result, the Arabs of Palestine turned to themselves and tried to improve their conditions economically in a difficult local and international context.

One of the fundamental principles of criminalization is that the criminal legislator shall consider criminalizing tangible conduct represented in observable physical action. It is impermissible to criminalize people for having thoughts and ideas, irrespective of the degree of their embedded danger or perversion. Also, a criminal legislator shall not criminalize people according to their determination and resolution to execute crimes. Moreover, S/he shall not criminalize the culprits even if s/he has admittedly confessed or disclosed harboring such serious thoughts and ideas, as long as the concerned persons did not proceed to carry out such thoughts or ideas. Therefore, there is no punishment for merely harboring the idea of a crime or preparing or designing for committing a crime. However, the criminal legislator has departed from this principle in relation to crimes against state security in order to avoid any threat to the identity, entity and institutions of the state. This applies even if the actions of the culprits did not exceed the mere contemplation or designing or preparation for committing such crimes. Hence, the criminal legislator stipulates punishment for the crime of conspiracy against state security, which does not go beyond an arrangement between more than one person to commit a state security crime. Thus, this paper discusses and compares the policies adopted by both the Jordanian and Emirati legislators in regulating the provisions of the conspiracy crime against the state security......

The study aimed to identify the ability and accuracy in estimating revenues and expenditures by the executive authority in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan for the years 2005-2015. The importance of the study stems from the fact that it is characterized by the fact that it examines the accuracy of the estimation of expenditures and revenues of the public budget, which are linked to capital projects. The problem of the study is that the scarcity of resources in general affects the ability of the executive authority in the Kingdom of Jordan to prepare an estimated budget closer to the actual reality of revenues and expenditures. Therefore, the analytical descriptive methodology was used to determine the correlation and causal relations between the variables of the study that will explain the picture to the government decision makers in preparing the general budget. The study concluded that the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is able to prepare a budget close to the actual reality. This is a unique phenomenon in developing countries. The study recommended the adoption of information technology on the development of the strategies on which the budget is based.

In the course of identifying and analyzing ellipsis in the Nobel Quran, the phenomenon of ellipsis has a positive impact on interpreting, directing and justifying the Quranic texts as shown by Al-Farra’in his book “Ma’ani Al-Quran”. The harmony, that was found in the issues that were highlighted, interpreted and justified based on ellipses, has constituted a significant unit. This was used by Al-Farra’ to interpret Quranic texts whose obvious meanings are different from their implicit meanings.

The Customs Public Prosecution has no authority to initiate an action in custom criminal cases that relates to de facto or de jure custom evasion cases, unless required in writing by the Customs Director General or anyone acting on his behalf. Such request is a legal action that shall meet the substantive and formal requirements; and once issued, it shall have several important legal effects. This research aims to clarify the concept of this request and the reasons for placing such a restriction to the Customs Public Prosecution. It also aims to clarify the legal nature of such a request and the conditions and effects thereof, and to highlight legal gaps in its legal framework. Finally, it aims at presenting recommendations for the legislator, Customs Judiciary System, Customs Public Prosecution in relation to the request of initiating an action in customs criminal cases.

This research discusses the basic legal premises that constitute the general philosophy and motivations to legislate anti-terrorism within an analytical legal framework. These premises represent the basic pillars in combating terrorism within the framework of the constitutional state and the protection of human rights. The first pillar is protection, which includes the protection of properties and people. The second is precautionary which is related to the procedures and measures imposed by the governing bodies aiming at preventing terrorism crime. The third pillar is tracking and investigating all people suspected of having terrorism inclination, including sources of financing terrorism crimes; and the fourth pillar is pursuing those who committed a terrorism crime by inflicting the most severe types of punishment.

The aim of the study was to examine the origin and implementation of the element of “methods and means in transferring the content of call to Allah Almighty. The researcher adopted the deductive approach. The study came up with some findings viz., the methods of communicating the call to Almighty Allah are a set of ways and means that the Islamic preacher formulates to deliver the content of this Islamic call to different categories of recipients. These methods are characterized by being theoretical and anecdotal. Moreover, the means of communicating the call is a set of material resources used by the preacher to convey the content of his message to various categories of recipients. These are characterized by being practical in terms of tools, techniques, procedures and activities.

The Customs Public Prosecution has no authority to initiate an action in custom criminal cases that relates to de facto or de jure custom evasion cases, unless required in writing by the Customs Director General or anyone acting on his behalf. Such request is a legal action that shall meet the substantive and formal requirements; and once issued, it shall have several important legal effects. This research aims to clarify the concept of this request and the reasons for placing such a restriction to the Customs Public Prosecution. It also aims to clarify the legal nature of such a request and the conditions and effects thereof, and to highlight legal gaps in its legal framework. Finally, it aims at presenting recommendations for the legislator, Customs Judiciary System, Customs Public Prosecution in relation to the request of initiating an action in customs criminal cases.

“Al-Insaf” book astonished me indeed due to the valuable scholarly knowledge, which arguably may not exist in any other book. It includes thorough details of the most controversial issues between Basra and Koufas scholars. The creativity of the author, Abi Al-Barakat Al-Anbari, in investigating these issues supported by syntactic bases for both parties even mounted my astonishment. Al-Anbari is a creative author who established the bases in his two books “Al-Ighrab Fi Jadal Al-Irab” and “Lami Al-Adella Fi Ossoul Al-Naho” after completing his book “Al-Insaf”. The features of subjectivity in “Al-Insaf” have appeared to show his syntactic ideology in supporting scholars of Basra in most of the controversial issues. Also, this book has shown his attitude towards the modes of recitation of Qur’an which is explained in the first section titled Ideology and Subjectivity. In section two, the researcher discusses how the book has shown Al-Anbari attitude towards the selectivity in neglecting the scholarly consensus as syntactic bases. The third section is devoted to the issue of refusing any objection supported by poems of unknown poets. In order to prove these features, the researcher has adopted the qualitative methodology. Highlighting these features is not intended to demean the authors both creativity and knowledge, but it raises questions for discussion and further study.

This research aimed at investigating the fantastic of Al-Tanukhi narrations (327-384 AH) which were collected from the narrations that have been gathered. The researcher investigated the fantastic of Al-Tanukhi narrations and their relationship to religious and cultural heritage, the Sufism as well as dreams. The current study examined Al-Tanukhi literature and some narrations that have been selected and analyzed to achieve the goal of the study. It was concluded that the fantastic of Al-Tanukhi has appeared to break the rules of the conventional methods of delivering religious preaching and inducing high morals as well as avoiding the style of dos and don’ts that was prevalent in that era. Thus, it was noticed that Al-Tanukhi provides the reader with amusing narratives in which he evokes the reader’s heart for preaching. It also allows his/her mind to analyze the narrations he/she hears, thereby verifies or falsifies them. Therefore, Al-Tanukhi used the fantastic away from the rigid stereotypes that the recipient has been accustomed to in old narratives and books. In his narrations, Al-Tanukhi is much closer to the art of the story with its modern content.

The study aimed to identify the reality of applying the powers related to crisis-management granted to the principals of the elementary schools in Riyadh. and the degree of their contribution to crisis-management. It also sought to identify the statistical differences among the school principals which are attributed to the qualifications, administrative experience and school size. The study employed both the descriptive approach and a questionnaire. The study found that the implementation and contribution of the powers related to crisis-management were high, and there were no statistically significant differences at the level of (a = 0.05) among principals responses that were attributed to qualification and administrative experience. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences at the level of statistical significance (a = 0.05) among the averages in the responses on the degree of contribution of the powers given to the elementary schools’ principals in crisis-management due to the variable of school size. Based on the results, the researchers suggested the importance of training school principals on planning by using proper crisis-management powers.

AIDS/HIV is perceived as one of the greatest scourge of our times. The Jordanian criminal law has addressed the transmission of HIV/ AIDS to others based on incidental conditions that are related to aggravating circumstances of offences against public moralities. The guilty shall be liable to a penalty of life imprisonment with hard labor in case the disease is transmitted to the victim. The law does not deal with crime of transmitting the disease as an independent case; however, it associates it with “honor crimes”. The current study aims to explore the strengths and weaknesses in the Jordanian legislation and remedy the legislative deficiencies to protect the lives of individuals from this deadly disease. The research also aims to illustrate the criminal and civil liability for transmitting the disease by the infected to others. One of the key findings and recommendations that the study concluded is that the Jordanian Penal Code and the Public Health Law should be amended to criminalization of deliberate or accidental transmission of HIV/AIDS. The code should ensure equality of punishment in the event of death or infection. The study includes three parts: the first part highlights the disease of HIV/AIDS, the second part presents the criminal liability for transmitting the disease and the third part shows the civil liability for the transmission of HIV/AIDS.

This study aims to empirically examine the effect of global financial crisis (2008) on the performance of Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) represented by the three general main indices viz., Free Float (FF), General Unweighted (UW), and Price Weighted (PW), and on the four sectoral indices , namely banking, insurance, services and industrial. The hypotheses were tested by investigating the differences in the three general market indices and the sectoral indices before and after the global financial crisis by applying the parametric paired sample t-test and the non-parametric Wilcoxon Matched-Paired Signed Ranks test. The time span was 116 trading days before June 19, 2008 (which was chosen as a trading peak day) and 116 trading days after June 22, 2008. The study found that there were statistically significant differences between stock prices before and after the global financial crisis for most indices in (ASE). This result indicates that these indices succeeded in capturing the negative signals of the financial crisis, except for the banking’s sub-index. On the other hand, the incompatibility of the (PW) index’s result with the other indices may suggest the need to review the index sample or the weighting scheme. The results also indicate that parametric or nonparametric tests can be used interchangeably in (ASE).

This study discusses transferring the title of a rented property under the Jordanian Civil Code. The reason of this research is that the Jordanian Civil Code regulates the transfer of a rented property in one article i.e. Article 691. This Article deals only with one type of the transfer of a rented property, which is the sale contract. It neither addresses the impact of this contract, nor the ways of proofing it. It also neglects the effects of the contractual relationship between the parties. Moreover, the other related particular laws in Jordan, such as the Landlords and Tenants Act do not address this issue. This study aims to submit a proposal for a legal regulation of the transferring of title of a rented property, taking into account the experiences of the other countries. Hopefully, the Jordanian legislator will take it into consideration when reviewing the relevant provisions of law.