ABSTRACT: The present study design to assess the qualitative phytochemical constituents responsible for anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and cytotoxic activity of methanol extract of Caryota mitis leaves. The freshly collected Caryota mitis leaves extracted with methanol (MECM) to evaluate the secondary plant metabolites along with anti-inflammatory activity by protein denaturation assay. Thrombolytic and cytotoxic activity investigated using human blood clot lysis and brine shrimp lethality bioassay, respectively. The MECM exhibited several secondary plant metabolites named alkaloid, glycoside, protein, flavonoid, reducing sugar, saponins, and phenolic compound. The MECM extract (62.5-1000 µg/mL) exhibited an extremely significant (P < 0.0001) 6.06-45.45 % inhibition of protein denaturation against positive control diclofenac sodium (43.11-85.48%). In thrombolytic, the MECM exhibited 24.29 % significant (P < 0.0001) protection against blood clotting, whereas the positive control streptokinase (75.35%). In the cytotoxic study, a significant (P < 0.05) percentage of mortality exhibited while 70% mortality of Brine shrimp after 24 h at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL with an LC50 value of 550.57 µg/mL whereas the positive control vincristine sulfate (1.63 µg/mL). The current results suggesting MECM has promising anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic activities with weak cytotoxicity.

ABSTRACT: Herbal medicines are in great demand for preliminary health care due to their wide medicinal values without any side effects. Since many species are used in the system of traditional medicine, scientists have great opportunities to develop appropriate packages of practices for their multiplication and conservation. It is reported that the plant has a broad range of therapeutic potentials, like anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-tumor, analgesic, anti-spasmodic, anti-diabetic, anti-serotonergic, antimigraine, including treatment of inflammation, ulcers, wounds, throat scratches and sores. Abrus precatorius is the native plant of this Indian subcontinent and used in many ways in the traditional system of medicine considered as Ayurveda treatment. Ayurveda recommends the administration of the Abrus precatorius in disease like alopecia, edema, helminths, skin diseases, itching, urinary disorders, and antifertility. This review will help to explore the medicinal effects of the Abrus precatorius especially in the field of contraception which might be a remarkable activity in this realm. Therefore the present review is aimed to compile up the updated data and highlighting the special features on its pharmacological activities in various diseases.

ABSTRACT: Plant-derivatives impose a huge momentum in the field of medical science lately due to their wide-spectrum therapeutic attributes. Owing to the emerging drug resistance and hazardous side-effect of synthetic drugs, phytochemicals are now coming into play as a source of new and effective therapeutics. Mikania micrantha is a medicinal plant commonly found in tropical Asian countries including Bangladesh. The pharmacological significances of this plant were reported earlier which include a diverse range of antimicrobial and therapeutic potencies. However, the rapid-growing nature and covering surrounding flora reckoned M. micrantha as one of the world’s most invasive weeds. Therefore, it is essential to understand if the therapeutic essence of M. micrantha outweighs its invasiveness. In this brief review, we tried to explore the biological activities of M. micrantha. The future perspectives regarding the management of its invasiveness were also highlighted in this limited scope.

ABSTRACT: Macadamia is categorized into a group of minor crop but can exhibit wide climatic adaptability. It has quick expanding industry demands for its high economic and nutritional values. Graftings, cuttings and micropropagations are the three major propagation methods of macadamia that can be utilized in a combination manner as seedlings with successful graftage can be encouraged to elongate and provide more scion woods for further multiplication such as supporting materials for cuttings. Cuttings can be sprouted to provide explant materials for micropropagation. Therefore, micropropagations are being used for commercial production of macadamia. Micropropagations are comparatively easy and convenient methods that can faster the introduction of any novel varieties into a new region, production of biotic stress tolerant plants, production of plants with greater uniformity and superior branching. Hence, this crop plant might hold an example for the other plants in the next few decades regarding much better application of advance propagation technologies and other genomic approaches.

ABSTRACT: Based on the novel data collected during the field surveys in 2019, we here in provided a checklist of eight species of amphibians belonging to seven genera (five families, one order) and nine species of reptiles belonging to eight genera (seven families, two orders) from Tien Hai Wetland Nature Reserve in Thai Binh Province. The species Hemidactylus stejnegeri is reported for the first time from Thai Binh Province. In terms of distribution pattern most of recorded species were found in the canal and aquaculture pond habitat (nine species of amphibians and reptiles, 52.94% of the total number of species). The diversity of amphibian and reptile species recorded from Tien Hai Wetland Nature Reserve is lower than the other wetland areas in North Vietnam. In this nature reserve, the number of species change according to salinity of amphibians is higher than of reptiles.

ABSTRACT: Direct exposure to mosquito coil smoke (MCS) is a regular event in the entire life of most tropical country peoples, although it has countable significant health implications. However, noxious effect of mosquito coil smoke exposure on living being remains elusive. Herein, to address the mosquito coil smoke implication on health, Swiss albino mice were directly used to detect the health indicator alteration upon MCS administration as experimental model. In total 45 albino mice were grouped and exposed with MCS in two different time period viz, short time for 20 days and long time for 40 days. At the end of exposed time period, blood samples were collected and various health indicators analyzed. We revealed that biochemical indicators like serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, urea, glucose, cholesterol, and triacylglycerol (TG) as well as hematological indicators like red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and leukocyte (white blood cell) were significantly augmented in the exposed mice as compared to controls. In contrast, serum levels of total protein and albumin were remarkably decreased while serum creatinine and globulin level remained relatively unchanged. Furthermore, the microscopic analysis showed that the histopathological lesions were present on the lung tissue of exposed mice resulting, the alveolar septa and bronchiolar epithelial thickening, emphysema, and atelectasis of lung tissue as well as increased alveolar macrophages. Despite of, liver histopathology of the exposed mice showed same findings with a little deviation. Collectively, our findings propose that inhaling mosquito coil smoke induce significant health hazards on mice model followed by modification of vital health indicators and histological tissue-alignment alterations of lung and liver tissues.

ABSTRACT: The water-soluble extract is a gummy semi-solid content of Apis cerana indica beehive (WSE-BH). The present study reports the neuropharmacological effects of beehive derived from Apis cerana indica. The neuropharmacological results evaluated by modified open field, hole cross, elevated plus maze and hole board (OF-HC-EPM-HBT) test by Swiss Albino mice of both sexes after single oral administration where parameters for sedative and anxiolytic activity was square movements, hole crossing, time spent in open arm and head dipping which is the unpunished or unlearned response. A time-dependent manner activity observed by WSE-BH (200 and 400 mg/kg) and diazepam (1 mg/kg) against negative control normal saline. At low dose (200 mg/kg), the OF and HC possess significant reducing effects in time dependence manner while EPM and HBT exhibited significant anxiolytic activity avoiding sedation, whereas at 400 mg/kg exhibited an irregular effect. The current results were suggesting that WSE-BH might a good source of anxiolytic and sedative effects at low dose concentration.

ABSTRACT: Over 60% of the global productions of industrial enzymes are proteolytic enzymes in which about 35% are alkaline proteases. The current microbial sources are unable to reach industrial demands of alkaline protease which led scientists to search new sources with enhanced enzyme activity. Therefore, we applied UV irradiation to develop a Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant as a new source of protease overproduction, followed by cultural and nutritional optimizations. The mutagenesis was carried out by exposing parent strains to UV radiation (30w, 2537 Å) at 25 ºC with a different time interval. The protease activity was estimated as relative protease activity and standard protease assay (OD660). Among all, mutant strain P. aeruginosa–M25 (PA-M25) exhibited 75.47% increased protease activity over the parent strain in submerged fermentation. It showed 612.84±2.50 U/ml of alkaline protease production compared to 349.26±2.57 U/ml by wild-type strain (significant at P=0.005). Besides, the effects of nutritional factors on the protease production by PA-M25 were also studied. We found the optimal alkaline protease production in the medium (adjusted to pH 9.0) supplemented with 1% (w/v) glucose as carbon source, 0.5% (w/v) casein as nitrogen source and 2% (w/v) NaCl when incubated at 35 ºC for 48 h without agitation. We believe that the mutant PA-M25 could be a potential candidate to meet the growing protease demands. However, further assessments regarding the characterization of the protease enzyme, as well as the industrial fitness of the mutant, are warranted.

ABSTRACT: The superior gluteal artery (SGA) perforator flap (SGAP) used to cover lumbosacral soft tissue defects, in order to take advantage of the SGAP flap, all surgeons are required to have substantial knowledge of its cutaneous distribution of perforator. This study describes the anatomical characteristics of the perforators of SGA on Vietnamese adults; and locates the perforator of SGA on the gluteal region. We carried out on 32 Vietnamese adult cadavers at Department of Anatomy of Ho Chi Minh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, from Jan 2017 to June 2019. On average, SGA gives off 4-5 perforators, while none was found on the deep branch. The average length of perforator from the skin to the dissecting point is short compared to that of from skin to origin diameter at origin is quite large (1mm). The chance of finding 3-5 perforators in the upper triangle is 75% and 87% on the right and left side, respectively. Also, the probability of finding a single perforator in the upper triangle is 100% based on the x-axis, most perforators are found in segment 2/5 to segment 3/5 with the center being the midpoint between two segments; based on the y-axis, most perforators are found in segment 1.5/5 to segment 3.5/5 with the center being the midpoint between the two.