Abstract :Global macroeconomic instability determines the vectors of social development and determines the format of market participants' activities. A new methodological approach to substantiating the directions of economic policy modification in the context of the latest imbalances is presenred. In the course of the study, two hypotheses were put forward: the first is that global economic instability has reached a level at which the state should respond more actively to the course of macroeconomic processes; the second is that almost in all countries of the world a revision of the paradigmatic foundations of the place and role of the state in the economy is being carried out in order to strengthen its regulatory functions. The key feature of the study is the identification of the most significant factors in improving the economic policy of the State. The conceptual foundations of economic policy in the context of the complexity of world economic relations are identified and on this basis, approaches to the application of incentive measures in Ukraine are formulated. The directions of economic policy implementation aimed at preventing and eliminating manifestations of deformation of the competitive environment are substantiated. The theoretical and methodological foundations of economic policy research using the tools of the systemic and institutional approach have been improved. The directions of increasing the competitiveness of the national economy in the context of globalization threats have been studied. The vectors of modernization of the national economy in the context of post-war recovery have been proposed