Introduction. At this stage of social development, the task of proper financial support for human capital development has become important. The success of this task directly depends on the quality of the system of state financial regulation of human capital development, taking into account economic dynamics. Problem. Accordingly, the issues of finding alternative sources of strengthening human capital and optimizing the structure of financial support for its development have been intensified. The aim of the article is revealing the basic principles of public financial development of its human capital and substantiation of strategic objec­tives in the conditions of economic transformations. Methods. The research methodically used the system method, the method of comparative analysis, scientific abstraction, methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. The role of state financial regulation of human capital development in the conditions of economic transformations is determined. The peculiarities of the tools of state financial regulation of human capital development are revealed. An analysis and assessment of the consolidated budget expenditures on education and health care has been carried out. Approaches to the use of financial and budgetary tools in the field of education and health care have been developed. The directions of improvement of the state financial regulation of human capital development in the conditions of economic transformations are substantiated. Conclusions. Making rational management decisions to change the structure of public financial resources aimed at human capital development should be based not only on assessing trends and dynamics of their use, but also on the degree of their validity, given the importance of fiscal policy adaptability to social processes.

Introduction. Foreign investments can be both a condition for prosperity in the recipient state and carry significant risks for national interests and economic security. That is why the unconditional openness to international investments declared by the states of the world is compensated by mecha­nisms for managing the corresponding risks, which most often take the form of screening mechanisms for foreign investments. Problem. The conflict between considerations of necessity, the quality of foreign investments, and considerations of national security and public order is Scylla and Charybdis for modern legislators who are trying to build balanced mechanisms of state control. But domestic scientists do not pay enough attention to this issue. The aim of the article: changes in the direction of policy formation of Ukraine regarding the introduction of screening of direct foreign investments through the prism of the practice of the European Union and ensuring its own national interests. Results. Developed and developing countries have introduced new or strengthened existing screening mechanisms for foreign direct investment, establishing new regulatory requirements for investors, expanding the range of economic sectors subject to monitoring, and providing additional powers to regulatory authorities. The main criteria for screening foreign direct investments - national security and public order – are given a new and expanded interpretation in different jurisdictions, which carries the risks of increasing the volume of foreign investments. Conclusions. Screening mechanisms of direct foreign investments are traditionally built on the principles of transparency, non-discrimination, reasonableness, objectivity, and confidentiality, which allows to neutralize to a certain extent the negative effect of such a regulatory obstacle. Ukrainian legislators have at their disposal significant foreign experience in the introduction of foreign direct investment screening and can implement best practices and protect Ukraine’s national interests. The introduction of the foreign direct investment screening mechanism is accompanied by certain challenges and risks, to overcome which thorough project work and highly professional training of personnel for the implementation of the foreign direct investment screening mechanism is necessary.

Introduction. The large-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine hastened the decision of the civilized world, in particular the EU countries, regarding the need to minimize, and in the future, completely eliminate, energy dependence on the aggressor country. Problem. The development of mechanisms for strengthening the energy security of the importing countries includes, among a number of prerequisites, the abandonment of fossil fuels of the aggressor country. Russia’s dominance in global energy markets leads to dangerous manipulations on its part in the field of European energy security. The aim of the article is to reveal the state of dependence of the economies of the EU countries on the import of energy resources from the Russian Federation and to identify variable scenarios of refusal to finance an important strategic sector of the aggressor country due to the development of renewable energy. Methods. Methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, grouping and systematization, elements of institutional analysis and process approach were used. Results. A high level of dependence of the economies of the EU countries on the import of energy carriers was identified against the background of the dominance of the Russian Federation as a priority supplier of the main types of fossil fuels. The decarbonization of the world economy and the transition to renewable energy sources is a long-term trend and a priority of the national energy strategies of the EU countries. The war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine acted as a powerful catalyst for the decarbonization of European economies. Trade relations between European states and the Russian Federation in the field of energy supply is directly related to the problem of their national security and sovereignty. The priority areas of development of the renewable energy sector of the EU are characterized. Conclusions. The EU’s efforts to reduce the level of energy dependence on Russian fossil fuels are reflected in a set of strategic measures in the field of foreign policy and coordination of efforts at the level of global partnership. They are compatible with the medium-term objectives of achieving climate neutrality of the EU by 2050. Prospects for further research can be seen in the assessment of the consequences of reducing the level of dependence of the economies of the EU countries on the import of energy carriers from the Russian Federation.

Introduction. The blockade of Black Sea ports, which usually receive about 90 % of food exports, is an important problem for the export of Ukrainian grain, the absence of which on the world market can lead to a global food crisis. Problem. A disruption in the supply of agri­cul­tural goods will have significant consequences for food security in those countries that are importers of these goods. Therefore, the question of resuming the export of grain cargoes by railway transport is extremely urgent today. The aim of this article is to analyze the throughput capacity of the export of grain cargoes by railway transport, to study the problems of managing the supply chains of agricultural products and to find ways to solve them in the conditions of war. Methods. The method of elementary-theoretical analysis and synthesis, the method of deduction, economic-statistical methods, such as grouping and graphic methods, which visually present the research results, were used in the course of writing the article. Results. The war in Ukraine has led to a rapid increase in the prices of the most necessary goods, which has the worst consequences for the poorest sections of the population. Governments around the world are struggling to cope with soaring agricultural prices. Ukraine entered the top 5 countries that export grain, despite the huge losses of the agricultural industry as a result of the war. Analysis of the export of agricultural products shows that after the Russian invasion, railway transport is the main mode of transportation of grain cargoes. Conclusions. Among the main directions of increasing the capacity of the railway infrastructure, it is possible to highlight the construction of «dry ports», the restoration of the railway connection between Ukraine and Moldova, the reorientation of logistics to the western borders of Ukraine, as well as the attraction of foreign investments in the development of this direction of transportation.

Introduction. Small businesses play an impor­tant role in ensuring the economic stability of Ukraine, but during the war they are in a difficult situation and need support. Problem. For small enterprises, overcoming existing problems is possible thanks to cooperation with European companies, investors, counterparties, international financial organizations, entering foreign markets, attracting capital, participating in grant projects, startups, etc., but this requires a transition to international accounting standards and the transformation of financial reporting. The aim of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the transition of small business enterprises to international accounting and reporting standards and to find practical recommendations for improving the transformation of financial reporting. Methods. During the research, general scientific and special methods were used, in particular: induction, deduction, comparative analysis, synthesis, generalization, grouping, abstract logical methods. Results. The sequence and scheme of the transition of small business enterprises from national accounting and reporting standards to international ones is analyzed, the stage of transformation of simplified financial reporting into reporting according to the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium Enterprises (IFRS for SMEs) is highlighted. The characteristics of financial reporting transformation procedures, examples and features of reclassification of individual accounting objects and reporting items, typical for small enterprises, are given. An amendment table is provided for the transformation of the financial statements of a small enterprise into reporting according to international standards. Conclusions. The transformation of the financial reporting of a small business entity into reporting according to international standards involves a number of organizational and technical measures to reformat the accounting policy, adjust the accounting system and digitize it according to new rules and approaches, etc. The proposed corrective table helps control the reporting transformation process and track the relationship between the changes made, promotes information disclosure and reporting transparency.

Introduction. Due to the total digitization of banking processes and operations, foreign and domestic banks are actively transforming their activities from the traditional format of customer service in bank branches to the remote format of providing services online. Problem. Banks strive to function in the format of financial assistants available 24 hours a day. Therefore, virtual banks or neobanks which carry out their activities exclusively through remote sales channels with the help of Internet banking tools and mobile applications are actively developing. The aim of the article is to study foreign trends in the development of neobanks and prospects for the development of neobanking in Ukraine. Methods. The methods of theoretical genera­lization, analysis and synthesis, grouping, and systematic approach were used in the research process. Results. The key trends in the development of neobanks in Ukraine and the world have been studied. The foreign experience of the licensing mechanism of neobanks is considered. The dynamics of the number of neobanks in the world and their geographical affiliation are analyzed. The global trend of growth in the number of clients-users of neobanks is indicated. The peculiarities of the activity of domestic neobanks have been studied. The general problems and prospects for the development of neobanks in Ukraine have been identified. Conclusions. Neobanking in the world is in great demand by consumers of financial services and is interesting for investors, so the number of neobanks and their users in the world is growing at a high rate. The domestic banking sector is gradually introducing and implementing innovations in accor­dance with global trends in the development of banking services. Domestic neobanking gained a particularly noticeable development during the coronavirus pandemic and in the conditions of martial law. Due to the lack of a legislative initiative regarding the licensing and regulation of the activity of neobanks in Ukraine, their potential development is restrained. Currently, the development of domestic neobanks directly depends on state support for their activities, internal regulatory policy and competitive environment.

Introduction. The rapid transformational processes of the economy and the mass digitization of all spheres of life require clear, coherent and systematic approaches to the construction of their activities from the subjects of audit activity. Ukraine is not lagging behind in the introduction of the latest forms of control, and therefore actively incorporates the experience of EU countries into the domestic audit practice. Such a form of control, which is actively introduced into the practice of control and verification work, taking into account the experience of EU countries, is e-audit. Problem. Serious concerns among users of financial statements, business entities, and entities of audit activities are caused by a massive increase in the amount of data, which requires interested users to search for new, progressive approaches to the construction of their activities, in particular, in terms of a conceptual change in the approach to the construction of the work of audit activities. The aim of the study is to reveal the essence of the concept of «e-audit» and critically assess theore­tical and practical approaches to the transformation of audit activity in the context of modern business challenges. Methods. General scientific and special methods are used: theoretical generalization and grouping, formalization, analysis and synthesis; logical generalization of the results. Results. An author’s approach to revealing the essence of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of electronic audit has been formed. Conclusions. A conceptual and categorical apparatus of electronic audit has been developed, within which: the concept of «e-audit» is substan­tiated (systematic, independent and documented audit of the correctness, completeness, timeliness and compliance of data (operations, reporting and other documents), which is carried out using modern digital – technologies that automate processes and contribute to more effective achievement of the goal of electronic audit tasks), in which, unlike existing definitions, a systematic approach was applied, which allowed to characterize it from economic and audit approaches to the definition. This contributes to the deepening of the understanding of the essence of concepts, the unification of the terminological apparatus to increase the efficiency of decision-making in the field of control and verification work.

Introduction. During the last decade, the transition to digital education has become one of the main policy issues of the European Union. The importance of responding to the challenges facing higher education lecturers in the digital world has become apparent. Problem. The unprecedented transition to online learning caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has shown the real unpreparedness of the EU education system for a full transition to online education and demonstrated the main policy weaknesses that need to be eliminated. Methods. General scientific methods are applied: analysis and synthesis, comparison, genera­lization, analytical and statistical. Results. The Digital education action plan 2021–2027 of the European Commission stated that digital competences should be among the core skills for all educators and training staff. In its Conclusion, the Council of the European Union confirmed the importance of digital competences of teachers. In its Resolution, the European Parliament stressed the importance of providing financial support for training courses and making them accessible to ensure that teachers possess the necessary digital skills. The EUA emphasized the importance of actions of the governments of EU member-states as the main policy developers at the national level to ensure the financial and professional support for universities staff. Conclusions. Only the urgent transition to online learning, caused by the total closure of educational institutions of all levels during Covid-19, showed the real state of the EU digital education system and clarified the main problems that EU policy makers have to solve. Two strategic priorities have been identified that should be promoted at the EU level: promoting the development of a highly effective digital education ecosystem and enhancing digital skills and competences for the digital transformation.