The most important, complex and time-consuming process of land consolidation is known as the reallocation phase. Reallocation processes in land consolidation projects in Turkey is made according to farmer preferences (interview). Besides, the optimization studies based on the mathematical models for the reallocation process in many scientific researches in addition to reallocation model based on interview have been conducted. But, because there isn’t a precise mathematical model for the reallocation process, many different solutions have been suggested. In this study, importance of reallocation in land consolidation and interview-based and block priority-based reallocation models has been described. Also, the results of the block priority-based reallocation model that makes land reallocation by being take into account respectively the largest parcels belong to the farmers have been obtained. The results which are obtained from the block priority-based reallocation model has been compared with the results which are obtained from the interview-based reallocation model. In the consolidation area of the Bogazici neighbourhood (Kocarli-Aydin-Turkey), previously the number of cadastral parcels were 74. The number of this parcels according to the block priority-based reallocation model that is applied in this study have decreased to 50. Average parcel size was 1.25 hectares before consolidation in this region. Average parcel size has increased to 1.44 hectares according to the interview-based reallocation model and to 1.72 hectares according to the block priority-based reallocation model.

Metal industry wastewaters include different types of heavy metals with respect to the metal production processes and products. There are several methods used for metal production industry such as refining and smelting operations. Both may produce air emissions like SO2 and particulate matter, wastewater originating from floatation and leachate, and other wastes like sludge and slag. Heavy metals of metal industry wastewaters are nickel, brass, chrome, gold, cadmium, copper, brass, and silver. Most of them may give severe damage to human and environment. For example, chrome ion leads to lung cancer, stomach ulcer, kidney and liver function disorders and death on human. Thus, heavy metal containing wastewaters could be very dangerous. Besides, plant species which have capability of accumulate heavy metals can be an option to bioaccumulate metal industry wastewaters while plant species which are sensitive to heavy metals can be used as a plant for phytotoxicity tests. In this study metal industry wastewaters were analysed in order to determine plant species whether they are sensitive or tolerant to heavy metals. During analysis phytotoxicity tests were conducted with different plant species.

Insects which have begun to be seen as the main food source, are becoming increasingly popular in food and nutrition. When we look at foreign studies of insects research within a decade, those concerning edibleness seem to have increased in the last three years. This study provides an overview on the perception and acceptance by consumers of insects as an alternative food source in Turkey and comprises a social experiment. For this purpose, the study was carried out on a total of 100 people attending "Nutrition Education" and "New Trends in World Cuisine", and pre- and post-training behaviours were observed. It understood that the majority of the individuals participating in the study did not see insects as a food source and would have been consumed if they were religiously appropriate. Despite the work being done, the question remains unanswered as to whether or not edible insects will have the potential to gain a position in the Turkish cuisine in the coming years.

Industrial wastewaters entering a water body represent to an overwhelming wellspring of natural contamination in waterways. It influences both the water quality and the microbial and amphibian greenery. With contending requests on constrained water assets, attention to the issues required in water contamination, has prompted to significant open level-headed discussion about the natural impacts of Industrial effluents released into oceanic situations. Raw petroleum, refined petroleum items, and in addition polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are universal in different natural compartments. They can bioaccumulation in natural pecking orders where they upset biochemical or physiological exercises of numerous living beings, in this manner bringing about carcinogenesis of a few organs, mutagenesis in the hereditary material, impedance in conceptive limit and/or creating and causing hemorrhage in exposed population. The cause/impact of oil poison are typically evaluated by utilizing organic end guide parameters alluded toward as biomarkers. Defilement of soil emerging from spills is a standout amongst the most constraining components to soil ripeness and consequently edit profitability Petroleum Refinery, Petrochemicals effluents are described by their irregular turbidity, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), Biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total hardness. Petroleum Refinery, Petrochemicals effluents containing high grouping of microbial supplements would clearly advance an after-development of essentially high coliform sorts and other microbial structures. Natural contamination is constantly obvious, and the contamination is aggravated via arrive based sources, for example, the infrequent release of crude sewage through tempest water outlets, the effluents from refineries, oil terminals, and petrochemical plants. Squander effluents rich in decomposable natural matter, is the essential driver of natural contamination.

It is known that infill walls considerably change the behaviour of frames under horizontal loads. However, about this subject, there were not enough knowledge and experience accumulations compared with some other subjects in structural analysis. In order to contribute to the behaviour of infilled frames, a series of experiments carried out under statical loads which were applied in the diagonal direction to the infilled samples having various conjunctions and thicknesses and framed with steel profiles. During the experimental research, the decrease in the horizontal rigidity caused by the separation and sliding between the frame and the infill should be taken into consideration. It was known from the previous researches that after the frame separated and slid, the infill wall works like a compression bar; the experiment results obtained from this study also confirmed this fact. The properties of the “equivalent compression bar” that represents the infill wall were studied to be designated due to the experimental data and compared with the values suggested in the literature. Experimental researches constitute the basis of the study.

The study is performed in Elbasani region; cities in which many biological studies carried out in recent years. Palynological information featured in this paper are provided in earth depositions of last XX centuries - last Quaternary or last period of New Holocene. Through this study we try to provide paleopalynological information for the layout of this family during Holocene period, for the geographical location in which the Elbasan city is located. The goal of this presented paper is to provide information about the Holocene distribution of Caryophyllaceae spores and pollens, bearing in mind that different ground depths correspond to certain time periods. For this purpose, we taken different sediment samples in each station, every 25 cm from the surface up to 4 m deepness. Approximate data about sedimentation rate are given, from about 1.87 mm/yr (during 1500 years at the Basilica of Bezistani) and up to 2.5 mm/year at the depths 2.8-4 m (0-V centuries). Paleopalynological information given for this family are provided for the first time exclusively in this work and does not exist any similar work of this nature and for this family in the Albanian Palinology literature. Sample treatment and microscopic examinations were carried on at the Study University “La Sapienza”, Rome. Survey and palynomorphs photos it was carried on using Motic BA310 microscopes with 1000x magnification. In conclusion we can say that the data provided is sufficiently clear for the Holocene layout of this family.

In this paper are presented concentrations of organochlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in some medicinal plants from South-East Albania. Many medicinal plants grow in Albania due to appropriate Mediterranean climate. Twelve different species of medicinal plants were taken in May 2017 in Pogradeci-Korca-Kolonja-Permeti region (South-East Albania). Ultrasonic extraction used for extracting organochlorinated pesticides, their residues and PCBs from medicinal plant samples. Clean-up procedure was performed using firstly silicagel with sulfuric acid and a second clean-up procedure in an “open” florisil column. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was realized in HP 6890 Series II, gas chromatograph equipped with µECD detector. For separation of organochlorinated pesticides and PCB markers was used Rtx-5 capillary column (30m x 0.32mm x 0.25µm). The highest level of organochlorine pollutants was found to the samples of Mentha longifoglia because these plans were grow near the agricultural areas. The main origin of organochlorine pesticides could be as result of their previous uses for agricultural purposes. Profile PCB marker were as following: PCB 28 > PCB 138 > PCB 153. This fact confirms atmospheric origin of these compounds in the wild ecosystem of medicinal plants.