Glossophobia which is known as social phobia is a big problem in delivering a speech. As such, this research is purposed to thoroughly investigate the problems faced by the students in training of speech in Darul-Huffadh Islamic boarding school of Tujutuju, Kajuara, Bone. With regard to the methodology applied in this study, a qualitative approach was used to describe the data that was discovered from the field through observation with the questionnaire and in-depth interview and field note. In addition, forty-one students were chosen as samples, whilst only ten were selected and invited to have an in-depth interview; these were chosen by using purposive sampling. Finally, the major implication of this study is to confront the problems dealt with the students in training of speech as a recommendation in education that should be taken into account and needs to be solved immediately and for the other researcher to conduct in-depth investigations of research to produce a better outcomes.

Approaches in reading have widely emerged to fulfill the needs of learners to comprehend a text and to change their reading habit which is one of them is Inquiry Based Learning (IBL). Thus, this study aims to identify the role of Inquiry Based Learning to improve reading comprehension. The design of this study was mixed method with QUAN-qual model. The quantitative method used quasi-experimental design with control and experimental group including pre-test and post-test. It used purposive sampling technique to determine the samples who involved 40 students; 19 students in control class and 21 students in experimental class. This study was conducted at third semester students of English Education Department of STKIP Muhammadiyah Sidrap. The data were gained through test and non-test (questionnaire and interview). Then, the data were analyzed through SPSS 22. The significant findings of the recent study was the roles of IBL; developing students’ reading proficiency, engaging the students with complex texts, practicing students’ all levels of comprehension as they take a part in IBL phases,activating students prior knowledge, aligning inquiry process to students’ reading comprehension, providing students to work with team and enhancing students’ learning process. Finally, this study could be implemented practically and pedagogically in the study of IBL.

A good communication is a cooperate communication, but when someone wants to deny someone or something, it can be FTA (Face Threatening Acts) in some situations, so she/he needs to express it in polite way to save the face of each through the use of the politeness strategies. This research is aimed to investigate (1) the politeness strategies used by Buginese and American people in using the negation expression; (2) the influence of social and cultural relationship on the politeness strategies used by the Buginese and American people when using negation expression. This was a comparative study between Buginese and English language in using negation. The research used the qualitative descriptive approach. English and Buginese data were obtained through DCT, questionnaire. The research result indicates that three politeness strategies are used by American and Buginese people in using negation namely: the bald on record, positive politeness, and negative politeness. The American people tend to use those strategies in polite way to negate something by being more friendly and using the casual language with other people. On the other hand, Buginese people tend to use formal language as the politeness strategies in making negation. The significant differences between both languages can be seen from the indirect and direct strategies in making negation. English tends to use direct strategies, while Buginese tends to apply indirect negation. The research also indicates that the other aspects influencing the politeness strategies used are; gender, social situation, social distance or intimacy, social status, relationship between interlocutors. Buginese people indicate the politeness by giving the formal treatment because they are more hierarchical and pay more attention to use honorific address term and politeness marker such as iye’. On the other case, American people are more friendly and emphasize the solidarity.

Sit Subtype refers to a stance of resting, some verbs specification of Locus is obligator and other it is optional. The aims of this research were (1) To identify Rest verbs in English and Buginese based on the Sit subtypes divided by Dixon. (2) To investigate the differences and similarities in terms of semantical and grammatical construction of Sit subtypes of Rest verbs in English and Buginese. English data were collected from Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), while data of Buginese were obtained from field research through process of observation and in depth interview. Both of the data were analyzed with description and qualitative analysis.The result of this research shows that (1) There are nine rest verbs of Sit subtype in English, they are sit (down), stand (up), lie (down), kneel, crouch, squat, lean, hang (down), and float, while in Buginese, there nineteen of Sit subtype: ttudang, ccado’, sEppo’, massampiang, massulekka, makkaddao uttu, mattulak sadang, mappasilojo’, mappalempu, tettong, llEu, maggalelu, mattojang, makkaluttu, ccuku’, rroko’, maccekkeng, ssanrE’, maggattung, and mmawang. (2) The main differences of rest verbs in English and Buginese based on Sit subtype can be seen from two aspects, clause structure and a stance of resting. From clause structure, In English a NP is followed by VP, while in Buginese is permissible that VP is followed by NP that marked by suffix –I in VP. From a stance of resting aspect, cultural background plays important role determining the variants of the rest verb.

English Environment Programs is one of method In Improving Speaking Ability At Polytechnic of National Informatics. This research aims at finding out wheather or not the use of English environment Programs improve the speaking ability. This research used Quasy experimental method with two group pre-test and post-test design. The result of the data analysis showed that the degree of freedom (df) was 43 (n1 + n2 – 2) where n1 = 30 and n2 = 15 so 30 + 15 – 2 = 43), the level of significant (a) = 0.05, the t-test value of students’ speaking ability= 3.765, and the t-table value = 2.021. The t-test value is greater than the t-table value (3.765 > 2.021), this showed that there is a significant difference of improvement between the Control group and Experimental Group. It means that the Alternative Hypothesis (H1) is accepted while the Null Hypothesis (H0) rejected. Based on the result above, the researcher concluded that the using of English Environment Programs can improve the speaking ability of the second year students of Polytechnic of National Informatics

This research conducted with the consideration that speaking ability can be enhanced with the implementation of Four Square Method This research was attended to find out the extent to which utilizing Four Square Method in teaching speaking will enhance students’ speaking skill or not and to investigate students’ perception in utilizing Four Square Method in enhancing their speaking ability. The researcher used a quasi-experimental design involved two groups, they are: an experimental group that used Four Square Method while control group that used traditional method. The data of pre-test and post-test were analyzed by two independent raters by refering to Heatons speaking band score; while the students perception toward the implementation of Four Square Method was analyzed by using Likerts cale. There were 60 participants in this research where 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. They were second grade students of SMAN 1 Baubau. The instruments used were speaking test, questionnaire and recorder. After the data analyzed, the researcher lounched that there is a significant enhancement of students’ speaking ability as the mean score of experimental group (accuracy: pre-test 2.80 and post-test 4.07), control group (accuracy: pre-test 3.73 and post-test 3.67). Experimental group (fluency: pres-test 2.70 and post-test 4.10), control group (fluency: pre-test 4.03 and post-test 3.57). Experimental group (comprehensibility: pre-test 2,63 and post-test 3,93) while control group (comprehensibility: pre-test 3.57 and post-test 3.73) and experimental group (content: pre-test 2.87 and post-test 4.43) while control group (content: pre-test 4.13 and post-test 4.40). Students’ perception toward the implementation of Four Square Method (FSM) was positive; 66.7% from the students (20) had high interest and 33.3% (10 students) categorized as moderate. It declares that Four Square Method is effective in enhancing student’s speaking ability.

Metaphor as part of language is taking special place on Semantics studies which is unique and needs more logical thinking in interpretation. The objective of this research was to ascertain the kinds of metaphorical domains of English stab verb in corpora. The data of this research consist of American English and British English which were mainly taken from two corpora, Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and British National Corpus (BNC). The result of this research indicated that, there were source domain and target domain that were employed on the semantic construction of English Stab verb. Source domain ascertained from the semantic roles which lied on the construction of stab verb, they are Agent, Target and Manip, while target domain consists of twenty noun phrases they are: eyes, looks, words, voice, question, guilt/ remorse, sadness, anger, pain, memory, fear, panic, light/ flash, ray, dark, air, sound and directions. Most of these nouns were mapped as Manip or stabbing instrument while dark, air, and direction were mapped as the stabbing target.

The Industrial Revolution was a time of great age throughout the world. It represented major change from 1760 to the period 1820-1840. The movement originated in Great Britain and affected everything from industrial manufacturing processes to the daily life of the average citizen. The main industry at the time was the textile industry. It had the most employees, output value, and invested capital. It was the first to take on new modern production methods. The effects caused by the industrial revolution which has mentioned above, can lead to another impact such as the emergence of where the industry must obtain the availability of raw materials, and the next impact is where the result of the raw material processess by the industry will be marketed. For colonialism itself, generally it is the direct and overall domination of one country by another on the basis of state power being in the hands of a foreign power. Spesifically colonialism has two objectives, they are political domination and the second one is to make possible the exploitation of colonized country. This research aims to find out the colonialisms traits of the characters perform in their respective position, and to reveal the impacts of colonialism on characters.

This study aims to investigate the differences of politeness strategy used by Munanese in their social interaction. The source of the data was verbal utterances of Munanese dialect Gu . This study used pragmatic study especially theory of politeness by Brown and Levinson, and supported by other theory particularly Yassi’s theory. It also used descriptive qualitative method that is observation by recording and note taking. The result of the study showed the pattern politeness strategies used in Munanese Dialect Gu are; Hormat Non Kerabat; mixed, Hormat berkerabat; mixed and positive politeness (KP), Akrab Non Kerabat; mixed, Akrab Berkerabat; positive politeness (KP), Hierarki Non Kerabat; mixed (hierarchy), and (6) Hierarki Kerabat; mixed. The differences of the strategies maybe caused by several possible reasons including cultural differences, different age and social status when the people interact each other.

The aim of this study was to describe the use of translation techniques and the impact of the use of translation techniques on the accuracy and acceptability of medical terms in book of the Foundation Module: the midwife in the community. The method used in this research was a mixed method design, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches as it to discuss the quantification of the frequency of translation techniques used by the translator to translate medical terms and the impact of translation techniques applied on the accuracy and acceptability of the medical term translations. The source of data in this study is a book entitled Foundation Module: the midwife in the community and its Indonesian translation and 6 informants as well as a rater to assess the quality of medical terms translation. The results of this study showed that translation of medical terms of total 334 data dominated by naturalized borrowing 32.63%, calque 16.77% and description technique 8.38%. Meanwhile, quality assessment of the accuracy level of the translation showed a highly accurate 80.24% and assessment of acceptability 86.53%. Mostly the techniques used in translating medical terms give a positive influence for the accuracy and acceptability level of translation because the techniques used delivery the same information from the source language into the target language which is accepted linguistically.

Convicts Life In James Tucker’s The Adventures Of Ralph Rashleigh. Convicts transported from Britain to Australia are one of historical phenomenon. This research is aimed to describe the convicts life in the late eighteenth century to early nineteenth century in Australia as illustrated in The Adventures of Ralph Rashleigh by James Tucker. This research was a descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected by using library research and it was analyzed by applying sociological approach proposed by Swingewood (1972) who revealed three classifications of sociology of literature. In this case, the researcher focused on the classification of sociology as the mirror of age. The result of this research showed that the convicts alive harshly in Australia where the flogging was a common punishment for them

Systemic approach in teaching vocabulary involved aspects in learning vocabulary. The aims of this research were to observe (1) the extent to which Systemic Approach develops students’ vocabulary of the second semester of Makassar Islamic University; (2) the students’ perceptions on the application of Systemic Approach in vocabulary development. This research was carried out with second semester students of Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Makassar Islamic University. The research method was quasi-experimental design with pre-test, eight meetings for treatment, and post-test. Data were collected with 2 instruments: vocabulary test and questionnaire, then analyzed with statistical analysis of sample t-test and questionnaire frequency. The result of the research indicated that the p value of independent t-test comparing students’ score on post-test was p<0.05. There was a significant difference between the students treated by systemic approach compared to those without systemic approach. The questionnaire analysis indicated that the students’ perceptions on the application of Systemic Approach were positive.

Systemic approach in teaching vocabulary involved aspects in learning vocabulary. The aims of this research were to observe (1) the extent to which Systemic Approach develops students’ vocabulary of the second semester of Makassar Islamic University; (2) the students’ perceptions on the application of Systemic Approach in vocabulary development. This research was carried out with second semester students of Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Makassar Islamic University. The research method was quasi-experimental design with pre-test, eight meetings for treatment, and post-test. Data were collected with 2 instruments: vocabulary test and questionnaire, then analyzed with statistical analysis of sample t-test and questionnaire frequency. The result of the research indicated that the p value of independent t-test comparing students’ score on post-test was p<0.05. There was a significant difference between the students treated by systemic approach compared to those without systemic approach. The questionnaire analysis indicated that the students’ perceptions on the application of Systemic Approach were positive.

Students’ reading habit and lecturers’ teaching in a classroom have a role to raise students’ achievement for being an important part of successful teaching and learning process. The aims of the research were to observe 1) the lecturers’ teaching styles in teaching Extensive Reading class, 2) the students’ reading habit, and 3) the correlation between lecturers’ teaching style and students’ reading habit in reading comprehension. The research employed a correlational research. Data sources were obtained from reading habit questionnaire distributed to the students, teaching style survey based on Grasha-Riechmann to the lecturers, and TOEFL in reading test section to the students. The research indicated that 1) Lecturer 1 (D1) had moderate category as Expert and Facilitator, but high category for Formal Authority, Personal Model, and Delegator. Lecturer 2 (D2) had high category as Expert, Formal Authority, Personal Model, and Delegator, but moderate category for Facilitator. Lecturer 3 (D3) had high scores for five categories (Expert, Formal Authority, Personal Model, Facilitator, and Delegator), 2) the students’ reading habit category were fair, and 3) the lecturers’ teaching style was inversely correlated to reading comprehension. Reading habit had a proportionate relationship to reading comprehension. R value (0.661) indicated correlation between lecturers’ teaching style and students’ reading habit on reading comprehension is strong. Reading comprehension skill should not be only observed from students’ reading habit, but also lecturers’ teaching style, for the success of learning and teaching in classroom.

The phenomenon of deixis is the most obvious way to describe the relationship between language and context within the structure of the language itself. The aims of the research were to observe the type of location deixis used in English and Buginese and to explain their differences by using Stephen C. Levinson’s Theory. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, conducted in Barebbo Sub-district, Bone Regency. The Buginese data were collected from note-taking and recording, and English data were from internet. The result of this research indicated that deixis in English and Buginese were used in certain context. They were different especially in English which used 4 types of location to indicate something in a conversation between two or more people. Buginese used 9 different words based on distance of the speaker, hearer and object. Difference of location Deixis in English and Buginese were influenced by the culture and different way of wording in language.

Escapism is a part of psychology which in this research connected into literature as an interdisciplinary study which shows inclination of human personality to seeking for a way out or escape from unpleasant realities. The aim of the research was to describe the characters got acquainted with escapism and the way the characters’ cope with escapism in their daily life. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with psychoanalytical approach of Sigmund Freud’s personality structure from anxiety theory, defense and problem solving mechanism. Data sources were primary and supporting data. The primary data were taken from Tennessee William’s The Glass Menagerie, and supporting data were taken from the books, journals, articles, and internet sources. The research indicated that each character experienced anxiety that made them got acquainted with escapism. They had their own way in dealing with escapism through defense and problem solving mechanism. Some characters solved emotional problems with negative mechanism consciously or unconsciously, and others handled emotion with positive mechanism, therefore the result were also positive.