The most prominent attribute of small family companies is the intertwining the cultures of family and business cultures. Because of the integration of the family into the business, decisions about the business are also closely related to the family at the same time. This problem frequently occurs in non-institutional companies. Hence, the average life time of Turkish small family companies is below the average world standards. Indeed, if the companies in Turkey successfully form corporate structures, then they could also significantly improve their life time. The primary focus of this study is the effective control system which is one of the most important requirements of institutialization. In this research, perceptions of small family business executives on internal control systems have been studied and the barriers to establish an effective internal control system have been analyzed.

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This study attempts to determine volatility and regime switching structure of BIST City Indices over 2012-2017 period by using daily closing values. Three asymmetrical (EGARCH, TGARCH and PARCH) as well as two symmetrical (ARCH and GARCH) models were tested to reveal any asymmetrical conditions in comparing the volatilities and regime switching structure of XSADA, XSANT, XSANK, XSBAL, XSBUR, XSDNZ, XSIST, XSIZM, XSKAY, XSKOC, XSKON and XSTKR. For each model, three lagged values were calculated. TIC coefficients were used in comparing the models. The analyses of the volatility persistency reveal that XSKOC index is the most volatile and XSKAY index is the most stable according to remaining indices. The results of daily volatilities reveal that XSANT is the most volatile index while XSKOC is the most stable index. As a result of the analysis in order to determine regime structure of indices, two regimes were detected for all (12) indices which were taken into consideration. According to findings, the indices generally prefer to stay in higher regime if they are in the high regime and they tend to shift from low regime to the high regime if they are in low regime. XSBUR Index offers significant opportunities to the investors while staying 62.06 days in the high regime period whereas XSADA index was determined as the shortest high regime-staying period through only 9.41 days. XSIZM Index was determined as the worst index based on its duration (7.18 days) for staying in low regime. On the other hand, the XSKAY Index was detected as the shortest-staying index in low regime and fastest index escape from the decline trend.

Taxes are an indispensable part of social life. They make out the most important financing source for the services the state offers to his citizens who live within its boundaries. Therefore it is essential to collect taxes without delay and fully complete in amount in order to finance public expenditure. From the side of the state, tax losses create an issue which may cause important problems in social life. Both the emergence and solution of such problems point out to the scientific area of accountancy as there is a need for the members of this profession in order to enable and ensure tax payment as well to avoid possible tax losses. This research sums up tax issues and refers to tax loss and to the conceptual structure and profession of accountancy; in succession themes such as emergence of tax losses, impact of members of accountancy profession on tax losses, reasons of tax losses according to members of accountancy profession and their efforts on towards preventing tax losses. In this context accountancy practices leading to tax losses and effects of members of accountancy profession on the occurrence of tax losses were investigated. The conclusion is based on a selection of a number solution proposals related to the problems described above.

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) were first established in the USA in 1961. Since then they have become the most important institutional investors in the World real estate market. In Turkey, REITs started to operate after the Notification of Establishment of Real Estate Investment Trusts by Capital Market Board in 1995. The purpose of this study is to analyze risk and performance of REITs that are listed in BIST for the sample periods of 2007 – 2016 on the basis of annual data. In empirical section, multiple regression model is employed. Empirical results indicate that there is a linkage between risk and performance of REITs