Behavioral economics, at broad level, superimpose many areas including Psychology and Economics. Behavioral economics by all means enhances the explanatory power of Economics as it provides it with a ?rm and more rational psychological basis. During the previous 20 years, many studies have explored different aspects of behavioral economics leading to introduction of the respective principles that pertain to human behavior. This article intends to provide an introduction to behavioral economics in its historical context. It also investigates the gaps that lie in the broad spectrum of behavioral economics.

Background: Fatigue following treatment for breast cancer has a profound impact on quality of life. Dragon boating is known to be beneficial because of its networking and social function. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the effects of dragon boating on fatigue and health related quality of life. Intervention/Methods: Individual and Family Self-Management Theory guided the study. The methodology was a multiple point cohort panel design. Data were collected from breast cancer survivors (n=26) to measure fatigue, quality of life and upper arm functioning at the beginning of the racing season timepoint 1 (T1), midway through the programme, timepoint 2 (T2), and at the end of the dragon boat season, timepoint 3 (T3). Results: Fatigue levels fell significantly between T1and T2 (p<.033) and from T2 to T3 (p<.048). Similarly, upper limb functioning improved from T1 to T2 (p<.002), but showed no significant change between T2 andT3 (p<.58). Fatigue was significantly related to quality of life at each time point. Conclusion: While this was a small scale study, the findings suggest that dragon boating appears to have beneficial effects on well-being including reduction of fatigue, which impacts on health related quality of life for women post breast cancer. Implications for Practice: This study confirms the benefits of dragon boating in upper limb functioning and reduction of fatigue. Health care professionals could advise cancer survivors on the benefits of dragon boating exercise, post cancer treatment.

Major findings of a trauma survey with two samples of adolescents (age 11-17) are presented. One was a sample of school children from Croatia screened for PTSD at the time of warfare in former Yugoslavia (N = 172). The control was a sample of peers from Hungary (N = 282), with no personal experience of any warfare in lifetime. Croatian and Hungarian versions of a self-administered screening instrument was used to measure perceptions of trauma and twelve symptoms of PTSD. The findings call attention to the fact that despite remarkable difference between the two groups in free listing of adverse life events, the levels of distress as measured with a series of PTSD symptom scales were found not that dramatic as one would expect. The following symptom scales were found with high average self-rating in both groups: Nearly equally high mean scores were estimated for both groups in the following symptom scales: 1, Anger, 2. Revenge, 3. Meaninglessness, 4. Fear,5. Powerlessness, in this order. The largest between groups difference was found in the “Hate” subscale on the behalf of the warfare sample (t = 8.46 df = 426 p < .0001). Alternative interpretations of the results are discussed.

Introduction: At the beginning of 2020, the Corona Virus created a major pandemic in the world that was associated with death in all countries. In addition to the many crises caused by this pandemic, a variety of mental disorders also emerged. One of the most common disorders in the acute phase of the disease was Stress and Depression in patients as well as the general population. During this time, many protocols have been proposed for managing stress and depression. In this study, the effect of Spirituality and Religious Behavior on reducing depression caused by grief and stress has been studied. Presentation Case: Our case is a 45-year-old Iranian Muslim woman who witnessed the death of her husband at the beginning of the Corona pandemic, and she herself suffered from Covid 19. She has been quarantined and under treatment for three months. During this time, she was alone and could not even attend his wife funeral and mourning. Due to quarantine, others did not contact him and only contacted him by phone. This person is a believer, has high spirituality and performs religious behaviors carefully, and believes that deep belief in God, spirituality, and performing religious behaviors can make suffering easier. Conclusion: Through an in-depth and semi-structured interview with a phenomenological approach, it was found that she was able to overcome the stress caused by the Corona pandemic and covid 19 and also the depression caused by mourning her husband by relying on deep religious beliefs. And keep yourself consistent in life. It was also concluded that if there were no religious beliefs and spirituality in this person, he could not overcome the stress of illness and grief of her husband divine worldview can increase spirituality and the power of compromise in the face of suffering.

The presence of shivering and psychogenic shivering in mental health was measured using a compiled database including the DSM-5 and a large body of existing assessment tools and technology. We found results for chills, tremors, and temperature. None of the other shiver-related terms (N=9) yielded any results, which suggests that the role of psychogenic shivering in mental health has been largely understudied by physicians and psychiatrists. Based on the results and the data extracted from a complete database of the literature devoted to psychogenic shivers in cognitive neuroscience, we outline the importance of psychogenic shivering in the assessment of mental health in a clinical setting. We discuss how the tools introduced in this article could be developed further to gather new clinical data about both shivers and health.