Background: Bleeding esophageal varices is a catastrophic event with high mortality; every effort should be exerted to prevent such a consequence. Primary prophylaxis against the first variceal bleeding has been adopted worldwide with different modalities and techniques for prophylaxis. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that concurrent devascularization could reduce at least half the number of bleeding episodes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of splenectomy alone or with vasoligation (devascularization of the upper 2/3 of the greater curvature of the stomach and left gastric vein ligation) on the evaluation of the esophageal varices in those patients with hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension. Patients and Methods: This is prospective simple randomized trial including 34 patients who presented with hypersplenism and asymptomatic esophageal varices during the period from March 2014 to March 2015. These patients were randomizes into two groups; in group I, patients were managed by splenectomy alone and patients in group II were managed by splenectomy and vasoligation. These patients had different presenting complaints such as pain in the left hypochonderium, bleeding tendency or easy fatigability. Any patient with past history of hematemsis and melena were excluded from our study. Before treatment, all patients were evaluated clinically, laboratory, radiological evaluation and esophago-gastro-dudenscopy. Also portal vein diameter was measured to all patients in this study. All patients were evaluated at one month and three months postoperatively. Results: There was no much difference between the two groups in the postoperative course as regard to hospital stay or complication. Both groups of patients showed decrease of the portal vein diameter; this may be indicative for decreased portal pressure after both types of surgery which needs farther evaluation and measurement of the portal vein pressure. There was no change in the grade of varices in group I after surgery. But there was statistically significant improvement of the grade of varices in group II postoperatively, although no patient showed eradication of varices in this group. Conclusion: We found that vasoligation when combined to splenectomy can give beneficial effect to the patient by decreasing the grade of varices, but the patients are still in need to be scheduled on a program to assess the efficacy of vasoligation on long term follow up