The opioidergic systems play a key role in endogenous modulation of neuropathic pain, given that Naloxone, a nonselective opioid receptors antagonist at a dose of 100 µg, reverted the antihyperalgesia caused by physical exercise demonstrated in our previous study. Due to the lack of relates regarding the control variables of physical exercise and endogenous modulation in neuropathic diabetic pain, we investigated if such modulation is exercise intensity dependent.

Interruption or lack of sleep has been linked to chronic degenerative diseases including obesity, which has tripled its figures worldwide in the last 40 years according to data from the world Health organization (WHO). Obesity associated with lack of sleep affects the Circadian rhythm which is responsible for synchronizing the energy balance during the sleep- wake cycle, hormonal secretion, homeostasis of food/energy, among the others. The aim of the study was to determine plasma levels of acylated ghrelin in obese young adults with sleep deprivation to plasma levels of acylated ghrelin in obese Young Adults. Study was carried out a total of 56 young adults with obesity, one of the groups had the condition of lack of sleep, n = 28 per group, to determine the relationship between hours of sleep levels of acylated ghrelin Spearmans correlation test was applied, a negative correlation of Rho = -0.293 and p = 0.028 was found the results obtained suggest that lack of sleep may be a factor that alters hormonal regulation and promotes obesity.

Patients with type 2 diabetes have reduced aerobic capacity, negatively reflecting on their daily life and prompt independence. Greater damage can be harmed by the presence of chronic complications from diabetes, but this can be mitigated by the effects of physical exercise. The aim of the study was to assess the level of maximum oxygen consumption of people with type 2 diabetes who already have chronic complications and exercise practitioners and also compare with the reference value for women of age group, exercisers and without diagnosis of diabetes. The study was characterized as descriptive, a sample composed of 10 women with type 2 diabetes, mean age of 53 ± 13 years, as who had chronic complications from diabetes such as autonomic and peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy and hypertension and who participated in Doce Vida - Supervised Physical Exercise Program for Diabetics / ESEF / UPE. The group participated in a training protocol combined with 20 minutes of walking and 04 strength exercises (protocol A and B) in each physical exercise session. The weekly frequency of training was three times a week, in the morning period. To assess VO2max, the Rockport 1-Mile Walking Test was performed, the volunteers were instructed to walk as fast as possible. For data analysis, the t-test was applied to a sample, with a significance level of p=0.05. The results obtained showed an average of 16.8 ml / kg / min of VO2max in the volunteers, values ??lower than the ideal average for the age (53 ± 13 years) of women without diabetes, which corresponds to 28.2 ml / kg / min (p = 0.02). Therefore, it is concluded that women with type 2 diabetes with the presence of chronic complications, similar levels of VO2max complications are lower than recommended for the same age group of women without diabetes. Therefore, it is suggested that women with the profile of the participants in this study should undergo a cautious progression of physical exercise, better adaptation and adherence to physical exercise.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is well known as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is one of the diabetes complications that has a major impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Aim: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes attending the diabetic center in Cotonou and to identify its risk factors. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was identified using deep breathing test, standind test and the blood pressure response to standing test (orthostatic hypotension). Chi square test was used for statistical analysis and différence was considered significant when p<0.05. Results: A total of 405 subjects were included in the study. Their mean age was 53.67±11,68 years and the mean diabetes duration was 6.66 years. The prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was 65.9%. Regarding the severity of the complication in neuropathic patients, 51.7% of them had an early neuropathy, 41.2% have presented a moderate neuropathy and 7.1% have presented a severe neuropathy. Factors associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy were age of patients (p = 0.0002), diabetes duration (p = 0.0012), hypertension (p =0.0015), dyslipidemia (p = 0.027) and high pulsed blood pressure (p = 0.032) Conclusion: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is a very frequent complication of diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately this complication of diabetes is not often explored in the patients follow-up examination. As this complication is recognised to be associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, systematic screening can be recommanded in patients with long duration of diabetes or presenting an other cardiovascular risk factor.

Aim: To assess different clinical presentations and outcomes of primary hyperparathyroidism in Pakistan. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Study Setting: East Surgical Ward, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Duration: 2011 to 2016 Introduction: PHPT is a common endocrine condition with a wide range of clinical manifestations differing according to geographic. Discussion: The most common clinical presentation in our study was bone pains which were in contrast to the asymptomatic cases being most common manifestation in US and Western countries. 90% (n 36) of the patients had bony involvement while 47.5% (n 19) had renal involvement at the time of presentation. Conclusion: Due to lack of routine biochemical screening tests in developing countries, primary hyperparathyroidism is detected late.

Dietary health supplements have increasingly used in the prevention and treatment of chronic disorders. During the previous decades, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds have been reported to have hypoglycemic and cholesterol lowering effects when used in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and in experimental diabetic animals. The aim of this paper is to review fenugreek research findings relevant to its use in diabetes. There is convincing research evidence suggesting that fenugreek can improve hyperglycemia and has a protective effective against diabetic complications through immunomodulatory, insulin stimulation, and antioxidant effects, enhancing adipocyte differentiation, inhibition of inflammation in adipose tissues, and preventing or lessening pancreatic and renal damage. Many of the beneficial effects of fenugreek in diabetes have been attributed to four bioactive components including diosgenin, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, furostanolic saponins, and the fiber in fenugreek.