Background: There is still debate on the best sites for biopsy- based tests of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastritis. This study was designed to determine if it is important to add corpus biopsies to the routine antral ones for identification of H. pylori, especially in case of gastric atrophy and/or intestinal metaplasia. Methods: A causative role is now accepted for Helicobacter (formerly Campylobacter) pylori in type B gastritis, and evidence is accumulating that H. pylori infection plays a major contributory role in peptic ulcer disease. Preliminary studies have reported that the prevalence of H pylori infection increases with age, but detailed information on the prevalence of the bacteria in any defined population and on the factors that may influence the pattern of distribution remains scanty. Results: Up to 85% of people infected with H. pylori never experience symptoms or complications. Acute infection may appear as an acute gastritis with abdominal pain (stomach ache) or nausea. Where this develops into chronic gastritis, the symptoms, if present, are often those of nonulcer dyspepsia: stomach pains, nausea, bloating, belching, and sometimes vomiting or black stool. Conclusion: H. pylori has been associated with colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer. It may also be associated with eye disease.

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a prevalent disease, it affecting around 5-10% of the general population worldwide, but with notable regional and racial variations. The two most common etiological causes are the chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Its diagnosis is based mainly in the endoscopy and the active search of concomitant Hp presence. The discovery of the link between H. pylori and peptic ulcer has changed dramatically its management, because it has become a curable infectious disease. The eradication therapy of is the best choice to achieve the final cure of PUD in infected patients. Several current international recommend a standard triple therapy as first-line therapy, including a proton pump inhibitor and a combination of amoxicillin and clarithromycin. This combination therapy has shown a decreased efficacy over the years. The main reason is increasing antibiotic resistance, particularly to clarithromycin and metronidazol, of certain Hp strains. Several new treatment options or modifications of already established regimens have been introduced in last years, to overcome these treatment failures. For the subgroup of patients with H. pylorinegative ulcers, avoiding NSAIDs intake also has a clear influence in evolution of the disease and in some cases drives to the complete healing of the peptic ulcer. In refractory or recurrent cases, continuous therapy with anti-secretory agents and/or the replacement of conventional NSAIDs by selective drugs for inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are useful treatment options.

The aim of the present study was to develop colon targeted matrix tablets of Metformin HCl using various conc. of selected polymers such as HPMC, Ethyl Cellulose Guar gum and combination of the same. Tablets were prepared by direct compression method and both pre-compression and post- compression parameters for all batches shows in the acceptable ranges. Short term accelerated stability studies was performed according to ICH guidelines temperature of 400±20 and relative humidity of 75%±5% RH to study any physical changes and chemical decomposition of drug, no formulation shown any physical or chemical changes. The compatibility of drugs, polymers and excipients were determined by FT-IR Spectroscopy results showed that the drug was compatible with polymers and all excipients. Dissolution studies were performed for 12 hours study in 1.2 pH for first 2 hrs then in 7.4 pH for next 3hrs followed by 6.8pH phosphate buffer at the temperature of 37±0.50C at 100rpm. The dissolution data so obtained was fitted to various mathematical kinetic models and the drug release followed mixed order and Higuchi’s model. To study release mechanism of drug from matrices the data were fitted to Koresmeyer-Peppas model and the release. In –vitro release profile of Metformin HCl from various polymers showed that drug increasing the conc. of polymers resulted in reduction in the release rate of drug (MTF1 to MTF12). Formulation containing combination of E.C-G.G, HPMC-G.G and E.C-HPMC showed drug release profile for MTF-12 about 38.72% after 12 hrs, MTF-11 about 40.66% after 12 hrs, for MTF-10 about 45.45% after 12 hrs. This is an indicative of retardation of drug release when polymer combination was changed. Results showed that the tablets with higher binding concentration showed minimum drug release. Combination of polymers shows greater retarding of drug release.