Klotho was discovered in 1997 as an anti-aging gene that, when overexpressed, may extend the life span, but when it is disrupted, it may be a factor responsible for premature aging syndrome. The structure and the role of aKlotho and ßKlotho genes from Klotho family in malignant tumors is described. The expression profile of the ßKlotho gene is significantly different from the expression of the aKlotho gene. Analysis of Klotho expression in breast cancer, cervical cancer as well as endometrial cancer are discussed. The available data indicate the involvement of ßKlotho in the neoplastic transformation of the endometrium. More advanced disease is related to negative expression of ßKlotho gene. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a large family of proteins characterized by different functions in the cell development and metabolism. The FGF signaling is also associated with cancerogenesis. The relation between some FGF subfamilies and endometrial cancer clinical data is reported. The interaction between FGF subfamilies and the Klotho subfamily proteins acting as a co-receptor is stressed. Disorders in signaling of the FGF / FGFR pathway have been confirmed in gynecology. It can be assumed that increased expression of FGF21 might be a suppressor factor in endometrial cancer. The FGF21 factor, like the ßKlotho protein, achieves its biological effect via the FGFR1 receptor. High expression of the FGFR1 gene inhibits further tumor growth. FGFR1 has the potential to perform both a suppressor and promoter role in the oncogenesis process.

Introduction Knowledge about tuberculosis (TB) is generally insufficient in women with misconceptions and its consequences, particularly in rural setting. This study identified factors of TB knowledge, and its implications, among women aged 15-49 years-old in Burkina Faso, and the specificity rural versus urban area. Methods This scale-up population-based study used household survey with sampling method as for the 2006 General Census in Burkina Faso. Conducted from February to April 2008, this study enlisted women aged 15- 49 years-old from one health district of each 13 health-regions of Burkina Faso. Simple and multiple step-wise linear regression models have been used to identify predictors of total TB-knowledge index (total possible point from 0 to 15). Results This study included 5495 women (53.6% from rural setting) aged 15-49 years-old. The mean of total-TB-knowledge were 5.5±1.2 ranged 1 to 11 (rural 5.4±1.2 vs. urban 5.5±1.3, p<0.001). Univariate analysis predictors for total TB-knowledge were: setting, information given by health worker, knowledge of where to diagnose TB, marital status, wealth index, and knowledge that TB can be cured. Adjusted predictors of total-TB-knowledge consisted of: setting, know where to diagnose TB, marital status, know TB can be cured. Conclusion The study provided information about factors regarding knowledge of TB with statistic difference between rural and urban area among women. These influential factors are important considerations to be incorporated into TB program towards women, particularly in rural setting.