This paper investigates the role of human resources in the knowledge economy and the methods for training and developing modern management skills. The study analyzes training models and clarifies the needs and solutions for enhancing management capabilities. The results indicate that investing in human resource training and development is a crucial factor for businesses to maintain competitive advantages in a globalized and high-tech economy.

This research includes the preparation of aromatic derivatives of nanosheets by the electrochemical method ArCBG (I, II) by a specially designed electrolytic cell (SDEC) in two steps: The first step: prepare diazonium salts by using one of the amines (4-Aminobenzoic acid, 4 e) -Aminophenazonand second step: Preparation of highly aromatic nanosheets by used CBG nano-carbon was dissolved in 800 ml of distilled water and then placed in an ultrasonic bath.The compounds were diagnosed us-ing FT-IR, XRD, FESEM and AFM.

Indonesia Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) Net Sink 2030 is an initiative to reduce Green House Gas emissions from the forestry and land sectors in Indonesia. The aim of this program as a serious step in overcoming the problem of climate change. Dissemination of the Indonesia FOLU Net Sink 2030 action at the Public Relations Bureau, highlighting the importance of public communication in supporting the achievement of the 2030 FOLU Net Sink target. One of the strategic communications that is considered effective in disseminating the Indonesia FOLU Net Sink 2030 action is Cyber Public Relations or commonly called Online Public Relations. The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of Cyber Public Relations carried out by the Public Relations Bureau of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. This research was analyzed using the theory from Philips & Young (2009) regarding the four basic elements of online public relations that PR practitioners must pay attention to. So that from this research a digital public relations practice can be produced that is appropriate and measurable from the perspective of existing theory and reality. The difference between this research and previous research lies in the research object, and it does not only focus on one digital platform, but also several platforms used to implement cyber public relations. The results of this research show that the implementation of Cyber Public Relations carried out by the MoEF Public Relations Bureau has been measured in accordance with the theory used.

In this research work, a standard and modernized 12 Volts battery charging machine was constructed and implemented. The materials used were locally sourced. The main objective centred at making the charger to protect the battery from being overcharged and damaged. Related works on the subject were carefully reviewed to arrive at the main objective. The best circuit option for the functionality and reliability of the charge controller was developed. The method adopted, include perforating the Veroboard for soldering and mounting of electronic components on the board. Integration of the required integrated circuit (IC), incorporation of transformer and casing. The circuit was initially tested by checking the output voltage, before testing with battery. The pulse width modulator circuit successfully produced approximately 100 Hz output frequency. The functionality of the charger controller was tested, and was found to be operating optimally, while serving and preventing the battery from breakdown and damage.

The proportion of sexually active adolescents, including secondary school students, has increased worldwide. This group constitutes the majority of youths who are sexually active, which puts them at high risk of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. The continuum of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and family planning (FP) knowledge acquisition is built throughout adolescence. It begins with the need for basic knowledge of the reproductive system,sexual and social relationships in the early teen years and advances to the mastery of sexual behavior and the potential risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in later adolescence. This study is part of an awareness creation programme, initiated by a Clinical Officers’ Training College (COTC), to find out the knowledge that adolescents in secondary schools in Mtwara, Tanzania, have of SRH. A total of 1566 adolescent students, who were randomly selected, participated in the study. Pre- and post-structured questionnaires were used to collect information about the respondents’ knowledge of SRH . Descriptive analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to put the respondents into various SRH and FP knowledge themes. The findings of this study revealed that the adolescent students are generally aware of SRH services, including certain types of FP. Despite having this awareness, factors, such as lack of resources and user-friendly health centers, cultural and religious beliefs, and lack of right sources of information, hinder some of them from accessing SRH services. The findings of this study are useful to the efforts of the government, stakeholders, and other decision-makers seeking to create awareness of SRH and FP among adolescent students.

In the Philippine educational setting, novice elementary head teachers face the challenge of providing instructional coaching to beginning teachers. These head teachers, with three years or less of experience in their roles, must demonstrate their competence and effectiveness during this period. This study strived to determine the challenges of novice elementary head teachers in practicing instructional coaching for beginning teachers. The participants of the study were three (3) novice elementary school heads in the 2nd District of Ilocos Sur who participated voluntarily. This qualitative study employed case study design to gain comprehensive understanding of the different challenges that novice elementary head teachers encountered when practicing instructional coaching for beginning teachers. The data was gathered through each informant’s voice-recorded narrative and analyzed thematically. Findings showed that novice elementary head teachers face several challenges in instructional coaching, including gaining the trust of beginning teachers, overcoming resistance to feedback, and balancing coaching with administrative duties. A lack of resources, time, and comprehensive digital tools further complicates their ability to effectively support and track teacher progress. Enhanced training and technical assistance are needed to improve coaching efficacy and manage workloads. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach. Novice elementary head teachers should prioritize relationship-building and communication skills development through ongoing training and mentorship. Additionally, advocating for adequate resources and support systems is crucial to bolster coaching effectiveness. Investing in professional development tailored to instructional coaching practices equips novice head teachers with the necessary tools and strategies to navigate these challenges effectively, ultimately enhancing the quality of teaching and learning in their schools.

The spectrum of autism developmental disorders is vast and diverse, ranging from mild to severe impairments. If parents lack knowledge about autism, maternal acceptance levels tend to be low. Autism literacy through the internet serves as a medium to provide beneficial, extensive, cost-effective, and easily accessible information and knowledge. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of online autism literacy in increasing maternal acceptance of autistic children. The research utilized a single-subject design, involving only one subject, following the ABA Single-case Experiment Design. The single-case experimental method was employed in this study, where autism literacy intervention was delivered through the website www.careautism.wordpress.com. A Maternal Acceptance Scale was used to evaluate the subjects psychological state before and after the intervention. The researchs significance lies in providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of online autism literacy in enhancing maternal acceptance of autistic children. Visual inspection and descriptive analysis methods were employed for data analysis. The studys results indicate that autism literacy intervention through the Internet can improve maternal acceptance of autistic children, with an increased mean score between the baseline and intervention phases.

The existence of an Individual Company, which aims to ease abbreviate by reducing or simplifying the rules, raises a dilemma in its regulation which shifts the meaning of a company as a legal entity. The method used is normative legal research, with the legal approach used is conceptual and statutory approach. The existence of an Individual Company as a legal entity that can be recognized as a legal subject is only passed with a Statement of Establishment of an Individual Company and registered to the Ministry of Law and Human Rights based on the Job Creation Law. The convenience found was only based on an economic point of view. Practically speaking, there are more hazards in the society. As an example, the Individual Company credit facility, which is hesitant to be granted by the bank as the creditor because it is still categorized as individual credit. Although it has the status of a legal entity, its establishment by one person and without a Notary may not ensure certainty for all parties in the Individual Company.

Air pollution has emerged as a significant peril to public health on a global scale, with around five million deaths occurring each year as a direct result of air pollution. The respiratory system mostly absorbs air contaminants, which then enter the alveoli and circulate in the bloodstream. Exposure to particulate matter (PM), the primary pollutant, can lead to acute inflammation of the respiratory tract and exacerbate pre-existing chronic lung inflammation. The extent of damage produced by particulate matter (PM) is determined by the manner in which the particles enter the lungs, including factors such as their aerodynamic diameter, ambient air velocity, and respiratory rate. Additionally, the manner in which the particles depart the lungs, involving processes such as nostril hair, mucociliary clearance, and macrophage phagocytosis, also plays a role in determining the damage caused. During periods of low air quality, particulate matter (PM) can negatively impact the immune system by causing damage to the bronchial mucociliary system. This damage makes it harder for the body to eliminate pathogens and leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines, which can harm lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Additionally, it inhibits intercellular communication within the gaps of the epithelial barrier, hence reducing its efficacy as a protective barrier for the lungs. The detrimental effects of PM can be attributed to oxidative stress caused by free radicals. PM has the ability to directly stimulate macrophages, leading to inflammation and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) impair antioxidant defenses and inflict damage on DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Lung function will decline as a result of bronchoconstriction, pulmonary edema (which leads to thickening of the alveolar capillaries), and fibrosis (which restricts lung expansion) caused by epithelial thickening. Based on the findings of many research, it may be inferred that an excessive influx of particles can lead to an excessive burden on the lungs, consequently impairing the respiratory systems defense capability and potentially resulting in lung damage. These investigations have established that higher levels of exposure to particulate matter are linked to a larger likelihood of reduced lung function. On the other hand, decreasing the amount of these particles that one is exposed to will reduce the danger.

Our thoughts, movements, memories, and decisions are all controlled by the brain, which is the hub of the human neurological system. The complexity of the human brain has increased with evolution, and many of its fascinating characteristics are still poorly understood by researchers. When it comes to mathematical computations, quantitative analysis, and game show questions, computers may be able to consistently outperform human brains, but that does not imply that computers are generally smarter. Humans are more adept at drawing conclusions about a new situation by remembering prior experiences. Qualitative analysis and emotional intelligence are skills that humans possess. The article examines a few topics pertaining to the human brains capacity for information. The amount of information that can be stored in the brain and its capacity for retaining and reproducing text and auditory information are evaluated and estimated based on the fact that the unit of information measurement is a bit. The potentials of the computer have been examined in order to simulate the recognition of pictures that occurs in the human brain. A theory is put out that real-time modeling of these processes is challenging to implement given the capabilities of todays computers. A Comparative Study of Human and Computer Intelligence Intellect in Humans and Computers: A Comparative Analysis Human vs. Computer Intelligence: An Evaluation of Cognitive Abilities An Investigation into the Relative Intelligence of Humans and Computers Human Intelligence and Computer Intelligence: A Comparative Analysis of Human and Machine Intelligence Comparison between Humans and Computers: An Empirical Study An Examination of the Capabilities of Human and Artificial Intelligence Human and Computer Intelligence: A Comparative Study of Cognitive Functions The Great Debate: Human Intelligence vs. Artificial Intelligence

This qualitative study investigated seasoned teachers views and experiences of classroom observations in Santa District, Schools Division of Ilocos Sur. Employing a phenomenological research design, the study aimed to understand how these teachers viewed and experienced classroom observations as part of their professional practice. Five key informants with 15 to 33 years of teaching experience participated through purposive sampling. Data wer gathered through in-depth interviews and classroom observations, focusing on teachers emotions, views, and responses. Cool and warm analysis was employed to identify recurring themes, providing insights into the complexities of classroom observation practices among seasoned teachers. The study identified five significant themes: professional development and improvement opportunities, a shift from evaluation to growth mentality, reflection and emotional responses with coping mechanisms, long-term impact on student performance, and advocacy for authentic assessment. The findings revealed that instructors saw observations as critical to their professional development, moving from early anxiety to embracing them as chances for reflection and improvement. They established effective coping mechanisms to deal with observation-related stress and used feedback to improve their instructional approaches, which boosted student engagement and academic outcomes. The study emphasized the transformative change from perceiving classroom observations as evaluations to viewing them as learning opportunities. It also advocated for real assessment procedures that were consistent with instructional strategies. However, limitations such as sample specificity and inherent biases warrant caution when generalizing the findings. Future research should look at these patterns in different educational situations to have a better understanding of classroom observation methods.

This study explores the perspectives and strategies of seasoned Teachers of Technology and Livelihood Education / Technical-Vocational Education and Training (TLE/TVL) in addressing the challenges posed by the Digital Divide in educational settings. The participants are four Master Teachers who have 10 or more teaching experience and currently teaching in the secondary school in the Province of Ilocos Sur. Two of them are from rural secondary schools while the other two are from secondary schools situated in urban areas. Through a phenomenology study and cool and warm analysis, the research investigates how these seasoned teachers view their teaching experience in using adaptive pedagogical approaches and perceive the impact of unequal access to technology and varying levels of digital literacy among learners on engagement and learning outcomes. Findings reveal that seasoned TLE/TVL teachers view the Digital Divide as both a dynamic challenge and a leveraging opportunity. They employ adaptive pedagogical approaches, including differentiated instruction, flexible grouping, and varied assessment methods, to cater to diverse learner needs. Continuous assessment of individual learner digital competencies and promotion of collaborative learning emerge as effective strategies to bridge digital gaps and enhance student engagement. The study underscores the importance of ongoing professional development in digital competencies and the need for institutions to prioritize access to technology and support flexibility in teaching practices. However, the study also identifies limitations, including potential sampling bias and the subjectivity of self-reported teacher experiences. Despite these constraints, the findings contribute valuable insights into effective strategies for fostering inclusive learning environments in vocational education amidst technological disparities.

There is growing interest in the production of biofuels from biomass wastes. The availability of biomass waste poses the need for technical assessment of pelletisation of biomass waste at industrial production level. The misuse of environmentally friendly and sustainable energy resources and lack of compressed biomass energy products that could enhance fuel quality needs to be addressed. This study intends to determine the energy output from tenary combination of the biomass fuel pellets consisting of rice husks, African birch sawdust, corncobs and their varying mixtures bond with aqueous extract of C. populnea (Cp) and M. esculenta (Me). The combustion characteristics of pellets produced from Rice Husk, African Birch Sawdust, Corncob and their blends (M, M1, M2, M3 and M4) were conducted by the development of an analytical protocol. Pellet admixtures were prepared at each binder ratio of 10% of bulk weight of RH, ABS, corncob and their various blends in the ratios 1:1:1 (M), 1:2:3 (M1), 2:1:3 (M2), 3:1:2 (M3) and 2:3:1 (M4), respectively. The Bulk Density (BD), Ash Contents (AC), Heat Release Rate (HRR) and Calorific Value (CV) of the pellets were measured using established procedures. The result revealed that combustion characteristics of fuel pellets made from Corncob and Blend ratio of 1:2:3 bound with Manihot esculenta gel were enhanced and the fuel pellets possessed sufficient calorific values suitable for energy applications. It was recommended that massive production of fuel pellets from biomass wastes for small and medium scale energy systems could give a positive development to agrarian and rural areas in Nigeria where there is a lot of these resources and lack of stable electrical supply.

Teachers pursuit of a masters degree is influenced by many factors, which can considerably affect their quality of life. This study examines these factors focusing on age, education, marital status, family income, job security, self-motivation, financial stability, and recognition, with a significant relationship between these factors and teachers quality of life. Public elementary and secondary school teachers in Opol District of School Year 2023-2024 are the respondents of the study. A study involved two hundred (200) teacher-respondents, comprising one hundred seventeen (117) elementary and eighty-three (83) Junior and Senior High School teachers. It used Slovins Formula to determine sample size; and statistical tools such as Pearson r correlation, mean scores, frequency and percentage, and standard deviation. The study found that self-motivation significantly impacts the quality of life of teachers, resulting in increased job security, financial stability, and job dedication. A masters degree empowers educators to become leaders, and mentors, thus influencing education. Empowerment strategies include professional development, praise, recognition, and collaborative decision-making. Further, the study recommends motivating teachers to go on professional development, praising their efforts, giving them recognition and respect, and encouraging collaborative decision-making processes. Moreover, the Department may provide leadership development programs that foster cooperative decision-making processes, incorporating professional growth and development for teachers.

Over the years continuous progress were made to the multi-faceted spectrum of instructional leadership. Each of its layer plays a magnanimous role contributory to supportive learning environment for students, teachers and leaders aimed at fostering significant success stories for each. The purpose of this study is to narrate the stories of beginner teachers as they start their journey in the world of teaching particularly as they undergo one aspect of instructional supervision which is, coaching and feedbacking. The researchers made use of Colaizzis Method of Descriptive Analysis after employing the purposive sampling technique to interpret the responses gathered from the five participants who possess the following qualifications: 1) must be a Junior High School teacher of the Department of Education; 2) must be in the public service for 0 to 3 years just yet and 3) must be willing to participate in the whole period of exploration. Two themes emerged rom the main problem which is described as 1) Perceptions and Impressions on Coaching and Feedbacking as an Aspect of Instructional Supervision with a category specified as “The Roller Coaster of Emotions” where sentiments such as “nervous but challenged”, “happy and thankful”, “pure and total adjustments” were shared. All of this according from the participants are the things they felt when undergoing instructional supervision. The second theme that emerged was 2) Challenges and Adversities Encountered where in two categories came up. The responses include “Equipping Ones Self with the Necessary”, “Being prepared at All Times”, “Seeing Help from Colleagues” all under “The Beginner Teacher Coping Mechanisms.” Meanwhile, “Leading by Example”, “Time Allotment is Important” and “Constructive Feedbacking” materialized under the “Instructional Leaders Approach.” This qualitative study contributes to the field by providing colorul narrative stories from beginner teachers of Narvacan National Central High School and Sulvec Integrated School loated at Narvacan, Ilocos Sur, Philippines that an inspire and motivate others towards a positive outlook in the world of teaching.

This study determines the intricate relationship between action research culture and its effect on the professional development among teachers in Opol District, Division of Misamis Oriental. Five significant goals were addressed in this study by profiling respondents characteristics, defining the research culture among teachers in terms of funding, infrastructure, interest, research capability, and research collaboration, evaluating the teachers professional development based on curriculum, general pedagogical knowledge, field of knowledge, pedagogy, and teaching methodologies, examining the significant relationship between teachers research culture and their professional development, evaluating the significant relationship between the research culture, professional development, and respondents characteristics. This study used a survey questionnaire on all public elementary and secondary school teachers during the School Year 2023–2024. The participants were 200 teachers: 117 were elementary, and 83 were junior and senior high school teachers. Slovins Formula was used to get the sample size. Data were analyzed using statistical tools such as Pearson r correlation, mean scores, frequency and percentage, and standard deviation. Significantly, relationships exist between research culture and professional development. It was manifested that the respondents years of teaching and highest educational attainment showed a significant relationship between their level of research culture and professional development. Ultimately, despite the teachers being competent in cultivating research culture and also referred to as experts in professional development, it is recommended that Values Education as one of the areas of specialization be improved, funding for research resources be allocated, opportunities for ongoing professional development be offered, reskill and upskill teachers in line with current curriculum updates and a research culture be fostered utilizing mentorship and workshops.

Education is a collaborative effort where both parents and teachers cooperate to equip learners for achievements. This study aimed to determine the level of parental involvement in their childs education, learners academic performance and significant relationship between parental and learners academic performance during the Second Quarter of School Year 2023- 2024. It employed descriptive correlational design with documentary analysis. The respondents were the parents of learners at the different schools of Manolo Fortich IV District, Division of Bukidnon. The instrument was adapted and modified to determine parental involvement while academic performance of their children were taken from the School Form 5 of the adviser. Mean and standard Deviation and Pearson Moment Correlation were used to determine the analysis of the variables. Results found that parents are highly involved in the education of their children. It also showed a very satisfactory performance of learners during the Second Quarter of School Year 2023-2024. Significant relationships were demonstrated between parental involvement and learners academic performance. Parents may continue to assist at home, talk with the teachers, and be involved in their childrens education.

There are many time series forecasting techniques, one of which is Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR). STAR is an extension of the autoregressive model for nonlinear time series data. The STAR model consists of the Logistic STAR (LSTAR) model and the Exponential STAR (ESTAR) model. The aim of this research is to compare which model is more suitable for predicting farmer exchange rates in Lampung Province, Indonesia. The results of this research show that the ESTAR model outperforms the LSTAR model based on a smaller AIC.

The Precision Village Data (DDP) Program is a program that emphasizes the importance of village community participation in collecting their own data. In this program, residents are the subjects of collecting data, in other words, the DDP program emphasizes participatory communication in collecting data for sustainable development. This research aims to explore how the principles of participatory communication are related to the success of bottom-up village data collection in the DDP program. The research results show that participatory communication in the DDP program in Watunohu District is at a medium/marginal level where Functional Participation occurs. Furthermore, from the research results it is recommended that there is a need to increase the application of participatory communication principles so that the level of community participation can reach the Empowered Participation level.

Efforts to improve childrens fine motor skills are an indispensable effort in growing and developing early childhood, one of which is using the media of playdough games. This study aims to find out (1) whether there is an effect of playdough media on the fine motor development of group B children at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten, (2) whether there is an effect of playdough media on the cognitive development of group B children at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten. This study is a quasi-experimental research with a nonequivalent control group design, the population of this study is all children aged 5-6 years at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten, with a sample of 60 children. The instrument used was in the form of observation techniques for the fine motor and cognitive development of children. The data analysis technique used independent sample t-test analysis with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the study showed that: (1) there was a significant influence of playdough media on the fine motor development of group B children at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten where the paired sample t-test results were obtained on average of 46.77 with a Sig value of 0.000 < 0.05. (2) there was a significant influence of playdough media on the cognitive development of group B children at Pembina Sekayu State Kindergarten where the paired sample t-test results were obtained on average of 52.93 with a Sig value of 0.000 < 0.05. So based on the study, it can be concluded that there is a very significant influence on playdough media games on fine motor and cognitive development in early childhood

Cigarette smoke contains toxic components, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide, and tar, which can trigger the formation of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and reduce antioxidant reserves, which impact oxidative stress and are known to cause damage to liver cell membranes. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is a fruit that is rich in antioxidants that inhibit ROS and prevent damage to liver cells by cigarette smoke. This study aims to assess the effect of administering red dragon fruit juice on liver microscopic images in Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke. It was an experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. Thirty-five male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were randomized into five groups. Four groups were exposed to cigarette smoke (K-, P1, P2, and P3), and the fifth group was used as a control (K). All the P-groups were given red dragon fruit juice 2 g/2.5 ml, 4 g/2.5 ml, and 8 g/2.5 ml, respectively, for twenty-eight days. On the 29th day, the livers of Wistar rats were taken for preparation and microscopic observation. The research data were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney post hoc tests to determine group differences. The average liver cell damage in K, K-, P1, P2, and P3 were 1.23, 2.51, 1.57, 1.51, and 1.43, respectively. There was a significant difference in damage between the K- group and the P1 (p = 0.002), P2 (p = 0.004), and P3 (p = 0.002) groups. The administration of red dragon fruit juice can protect the liver cells of rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

The low level of learning independence, students problem-solving abilities, and instructional materials that do not yet use digital as a demand for 21st century learning inspire this research. The goal of this study is to create a valid and useful Problem Based Learning based E-Module on data display and measurement material. Data centralized. This is development research (Research and Development/ R&D) employing the Plomp development paradigm. This development strategy employs two stages: preliminary research and prototyping. The subjects of this study were nine SMAN 13 Padang class X students. Observation sheets, interview guides, and questionnaires were employed as study instruments. Techniques for data analysis employ quantitative and qualitative analysis. The E-Modules validity based on problem-based learning was 89.85%, with a very valid category. The E-Modules practicality results were 87.33% in the extremely practical category. Based on the findings, it is possible to infer that the E-Module based on problem-based learning on data presentation material and data concentration measurements at SMAN 13 Padang is valid and practical, and that it may be utilized as teaching material.

This paper investigates the role of human resources in the knowledge economy and the methods for training and developing modern management skills. The study analyzes training models and clarifies the needs and solutions for enhancing management capabilities. The results indicate that investing in human resource training and development is a crucial factor for businesses to maintain competitive advantages in a globalized and high-tech economy.

Results of laboratory examination of 600 faeces samples fem patients attended to Pediatric Hospital and General Kirkuk Hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were showed 57 infection cases with Giardia lamblia with 9.5% infection rate. The diagnosis of positive samples was confirmed by PCR. No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of parasite in males 38.6% compared to 29.8% females. The highest infection rate 28.1% were found among age groups (1-5) years whereas the lowest infection rate 10.5% were found at age groups (11-15) years. The infection rate in rural area was 56.1% as compared to 12.3% in urban. The PCR product analysis of glutamate dehydrogenase gene revealed two genotypes (assemblage A and assemblage B) amplified at 264 bp and 460 bp for identifying G.lamblia.

This research uses the Value for Money measurement concept to assess the financial performance of villages in the Katiku Tana sub-district, Central Sumba Regency. The researcher used a descriptive quantitative approach with a case study research type to measure and analyze the measurement results in the APBDes Realization report in seven villages in Katiku Tana District, Central Sumba Regency in 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, which were reviewed from an economic, efficiency, and effectiveness. The data used is secondary data in the form of the 2018 to 2022 APBDes Realization Report and primary data in the form of interview observations. Data analysis techniques use 1) data reduction, 2) data presentation, 3) conclusion. The research results show that the financial performance of seven villages in Katiku Tana District, Central Sumba Regency, from 2018 to 2023 is in the economic category. Regarding efficiency, 2019 to 2023 shows inefficient results, while 2018 shows efficiency. In terms of effectiveness, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023 show effectiveness results. This research concludes that there is efficiency in controlling spending, so it can be a consideration for villages in Katiku Tana District, Central Sumba Regency, to reduce shopping activities while increasing the villages original income by exploring and developing its potential.

This study investigates the perceived competence and the actual performance of Psychology Graduates from Pamantasan ng Cabuyao during Industrial On-the-job Training as their competence is measured in different areas of Knowledge, Skills and Abilities. That utilizes a quantitative approach, self-validated questionnaires were administered to measure the graduates perceptions and supervisors evaluations. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant difference in knowledge, skills, and abilities in terms of their perceived and actual competence, with mean scores indicating higher perceived competence than actual performance. Despite this gap, Psychology Graduates demonstrate competence crucial for various industries, suggesting potential success as HR professionals as said in a study (Ontok-Balah, 2023).

This article analyses the death penalty in the Indonesian judicial system amid the challenges of globalisation. The purpose of this article is to find out how the death penalty reform in the justice system in Indonesia amid the challenges of globalisation. This research uses the normative research method. The result of this research is that the new criminal code reflects the quality of the Indonesian nation. There is a need for new regulations to discipline and regulate law enforcement officials in carrying out their duties. Legal culture, it is necessary to socialize the common people about the nature and essence of law as well as the mechanism of law to be carried out in order to realize an interactive justice and responsiveness of law enforcers with the community.

This study investigates the perceived competence and the actual performance of Psychology Graduates from Pamantasan ng Cabuyao during Industrial On-the-job Training as their competence is measured in different areas of Knowledge, Skills and Abilities. That utilizes a quantitative approach, self-validated questionnaires were administered to measure the graduates perceptions and supervisors evaluations. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant difference in knowledge, skills, and abilities in terms of their perceived and actual competence, with mean scores indicating higher perceived competence than actual performance. Despite this gap, Psychology Graduates demonstrate competence crucial for various industries, suggesting potential success as HR professionals as said in a study (Ontok-Balah, 2023).

The escalating environmental impact of plastic pollution has compelled policymakers and researchers to explore sustainable alternatives. This study examines the environmental impact of various plastic alternatives employed in Zamboanga City, analyzing their effectiveness and potential drawbacks. This study investigates the ecological consequences of substituting traditional plastics with alternative materials in Zamboanga City, Philippines. The study combines quantitative data analysis of waste production with qualitative interviews involving city stakeholders using a mixed-methods approach. Initial findings indicate a reduction in single-use plastic consumption following the adoption of plastic alternatives, but data reveal the challenges related to the recyclability and biodegradability of these materials. Stakeholder perceptions vary on the benefits and limitations of different alternatives, emphasizing the necessity of a multifaceted approach to plastic waste management. The study underscores the intricate balance between environmental sustainability and practical considerations in implementing plastic alternatives. Insightful discussions with residents, environmental experts, and policymakers illuminate the complexities surrounding the transition away from conventional plastics. The study offers recommendations for sustainable waste management practices to guide decision-making processes for policymakers and businesses in Zamboanga City, ultimately aiming to foster informed and ecologically conscious choices in mitigating plastic pollution.

This research aims to analyze the influence of Project-Based Learning models and Learning Behavior on Economic Learning Achievement through Learning Motivation in Grade XII Social Science at SMA N 3 Bantul. The type of research is associative quantitative. The population of this research includes all Grade XII Social Science students at SMA N 3 Bantul for the academic year 2023/2024, totaling 71 students. The sampling technique used in this research is saturated sampling, meaning all members of the population are used as research samples. Data collection techniques use questionnaires, and data analysis techniques use Partial Least Square (PLS). The research results indicate that: 1) Project-Based Learning models have a significant influence on Learning Motivation; 2) Learning Behavior has a significant influence on Learning Motivation; 3) Project-Based Learning models have a significant influence on Learning Achievement; 4) Learning Behavior has a significant influence on Learning Achievement; 5) Learning Motivation has a significant influence on Learning Achievement; 6) Project-Based Learning models have a significant influence on Learning Achievement through Learning Motivation; and 7) Learning Behavior has a significant influence on Learning Achievement through Learning Motivation.

Back ground of the study:Identifying the risk factors leading to hypertension can help explain why some populations are at a greater risk for developing hypertension than others. The present study seeks to identify the association between the risk factors of hypertension in 35- to 65-year-old participants in south India . Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 100 teaching faculty working at Paavai engineering college, Namakkal we assessed the direct and indirect effects of factors associated with blood pressure. Results: Socioeconomic status (SES), physical activity, kidney diseases, cardio vascular diseases, diabetes and family history of hypertension had a diverse impact on the blood pressure, directly and (or) indirectly. The standardized total effect of SES, physical activity, kidney diseases, cardio vascular diseases were -0.09 vs. -0.14, -0.04 vs. -0.04, 0.13 vs. 0.13 and 0.24 vs. 0.15 in men and women, respectively. Diabetes had a direct relationship with the blood pressure in women (0.03).

Participatory communication is a two-way communication process that actively involves the community from problem identification, solution seeking, to decision-making for the implementation of actions in community empowerment. This process is carried out through three stages: monologic communication, dialogic communication, and multi-track communication. The PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Integrated Terminal Gorontalos Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiative represents the companys effort to fulfill its responsibility by empowering the community. Community empowerment is a process where communities, especially those in resource-poor conditions and other marginalized groups, are supported to improve their welfare independently. Thus, PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Integrated Terminal Gorontalo has several community empowerment programs, one of which is the KAIL (Komunitas Hasil Laut) program. This program focuses on community empowerment in the culinary business development sector, particularly in processing tuna into food products. The aim is to create job opportunities for women in the Tenda Subdistrict, boost economic growth, and optimize existing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This study employed a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, and documentation. The studys findings indicated that the communication between PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Integrated Terminal Gorontalo and the community groups involved in the KAIL program was well-established.

The study focuses mainly on providing Celso with an Apartment Rental Management System for Real-Time Transaction and Task Organization. The system is a solution to the issue of inaccurate and disorganized data management within Celso’s apartment complexes. To address this challenge, the Apartment Rental Management System for Real-Time Transaction and Task Organization is designed to cater specifically to the needs of lessors, offering a comprehensive system. By implementing the Apartment Rental Management System for Real-Time Transaction and Task Organization, this study seeks to alleviate conflicts between lessors and how to manage the properties while concurrently enhancing the efficiency of property management operations. The researchers will use the developmental method of research and the Rapid Application Development Approach Model as the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The implementation of the system was successful and generated a positive outcome. Therefore, the lessors, and property managers of the Celso Apartment, consider and accept the implementation of the developed system as a promising solution to the multifaceted challenges encountered in apartment rental management.

SHORT ABSTRACT: Companies now prioritise sustainability, especially FMCG firms, have efficiency and environmental responsibility goals. This study examined financial sustainability and green logistics practices of selected FMCG companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. Survey data was collected using verified questionnaires. The survey included 13,782 managers from eight listed FMCG companies. Taro Yamane formula was used to calculate 519 samples. The response rate was 96.7%. Descriptive and inferential (multiple and hierarchical regression) was applied. This study demonstrated that green logistics practices did not affect the financial sustainability of selected FMCG companies in Lagos State. To improve long-term sustainability, these firms should use green logistical methods. ABSTRACT: Todays organisations value sustainability more. Thus, organisations, particularly those in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) business, have aligned goals to focus on efficiency and environmental responsibility. FMCG firms suffer from non-sustainability because of mismanaged green logistics operations such as green production, procurement, transportation, packaging, and reverse logistics. Many current studies focus more on industrialised countries than developing nations and non-FMCG businesses. This research examined Lagos State, Nigeria FMCG businesses financial sustainability and green logistical practices. The study was survey-based. The survey included 13,782 managerial staff from eight listed FMCG corporations in Lagos State, Nigeria. Taro Yamane formula was used to calculate 519 sample size. Simple random sampling was used. Structured and validated questionnaires data was collected. Cronbachs alpha reliability coefficient ranged from 0.78 to 0.94. The response rate was 96.7%. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple and hierarchical regression, were employed. The results indicated that the implementation of green logistics methods did not have a statistically significant impact on the financial sustainability of the chosen FMCG companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. (Adj.R2 = 0.001, F(5, 496) = 1.11, p > 0.05). The study concluded that green logistics practices promote firm sustainability of selected FMCG firms in Lagos State, Nigeria. This study recommended that the management of FMCG firms in Lagos State, Nigeria should embrace a comprehensive strategy towards sustainability, integrating green logistics practices into their broader sustainability strategy to enhance their long-term sustainability.

Cricket is a sport played by hitting the ball with a bat and running to exchange positions to get points, which is played on an oval-shaped field. Cricket requires good physical conditions such as speed. Plyometric and ladder drill training methods are training methods that can increase speed. This study aimed to examine the effect of plyometric and ladder drill training on the speed of cricket athletes in terms of leg power. This research uses a 2x2 factorial experimental method. The population of this study was 45 cricket athletes from the province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). The research sample consisted of 24 cricket athletes who were taken using a purposive sampling technique and then carried out ordinal pairing to divide the groups. The data collection technique uses pretest and posttest, the test instrument used to measure speed is a 30 m sprint and the agility instrument is the T-Test. The data analysis technique uses two-way ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05. The research results show that (1) there is a significant difference in influence between plyometric training and ladder drill training on the speed of female cricket athletes. The plyometric training group experienced an increase in speed of 4.67, better than ladder drill training, namely 4.86, with a posttest average difference of 0.19. (2) there is a significant difference in influence between cricket athletes who have high and low leg power on speed. Cricket athletes who have high leg power experience an increase in speed of 4.64, which is better than cricket athletes who have low leg power, namely 4.89 with a posttest average difference of 4.25. (3) There is no interaction between plyometric and ladder drill training and leg power on speed

Fish is one of the sources of protein. Fish is one of the largest commodities from aquaculture. Fish farming is one of the economic supports for the community, especially around the waters in Indonesia. Aquaculture in Indonesia uses river water and tidal seawater as the main water source. Changes in water quality due to pollutants in the water can affect the quality of pond water. Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland (HSSF-CW) technology can increase the efficiency of organic matter removal. The aim of this study were to identify the water quality of fish pond and performance of HSSF-CW technology in improving fish pond water quality. The media in reactors were gravel and sand with plants (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Avicennia alba). Dimension of reactor were 65x60x40 cm3 and it were made from polymethyl methacrylate. There were 10 reactors, namely K1 (without plants and without flow rate), K2 (without flow rate), A1Bg (raw water+4 mL.min-1+B. gymnorrhiza), A2Bg (raw water+8 mL.min-1+B. gymnorrhiza), A1Aa (raw water+4 mL.min-1+A. alba), A2Aa (raw water+8 mL.min-1+A. alba), B1Bg (effluent+4 mL.min-1+B. gymnorrhiza), B2Bg (effluent+8 mL.min-1+B. gymnorrhiza), B1Aa (effluent+4 mL.min-1+A. alba), and B2Aa (effluent+8 mL.min-1+B. gymnorrhiza). The reactor were operated continuously with flow rate (4 mL.min-1 and 8 mL.min-1). Analysis of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) used gravimetry method and salinity used argentometri titration. The spectrophotometers analysis were conducted to determine of COD, PO43-, NH4+, and NO3-. In conclusion, the largest removal efficiency of raw fish pond water on COD, TSS, PO43-, NH4+, and NO3- parameters were obtained in reactor A1Aa (83.86%), A1Bg (89.53%), A2Bg (24.06%), A1Aa (84.83%), and A2Aa (93.77%). The greatest removal efficiency of effluent pond on COD, TSS, PO43-, NH4+, and NO3- parameters were obtained in reactor B1Bg (85.46%), B1Bg (91.21%), B2Bg (92.29%), B2Aa (86.81%), and B2Bg (96.84%).

This research can contribute to elucidate this issue, in addition to subsidizing the clinical practice of health professionals and assist in the preparation of specific care protocols for this population, with peculiar clinical characteristics and little discussed in the scope of research. This study aimed to evaluate the results of studies that supplemented with vitamin D, impact of SOD on patients with CKD. Several studies have been done regarding the inhibitory effect of SARS. Mice without VDR expression have a 3-fold increased renin expression with a consequent increase in plasma angiotensin II and, clinically, arterial hypertension. In cell cultures of As 4.1 cells, with high renin synthesis, the administration of 1.25 (OH) 2D markedly decreased the activity of the promoter region of the VDR-mediated renin gene, resulting in a decrease in the respective messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). In mice lacking 1 ? - hydroxylase expression, administration of 1.25 (OH) 2D was also effective in decreasing the activation of RAAS and in the treatment of arterial hypertension. An experimental study with partially nephrectomized animal models evaluated the renal effect of administering an ACE inhibitor, enalapril, a vitamin D analogue, paricalcitol, or both. It was found that in most of the parameters studied, the combination was more effective than either of the two drugs separately.

This study on the continuing professional development of physical education teachers in selected local and state universities and colleges in Laguna provide valuable insights into their teaching practices and the perception of Career Professional Development (CPD) programs. The findings reveal that the teachers exhibit a high level of competency in planning, instruction, and assessment, with mean scores of 4.89, 4.81, and 4.75, respectively. These scores indicate competencies beyond the highly proficient level, placing them in the category of "Distinguished Teachers (DT)." The study also highlights the positive impact of CPD programs on teaching skills, collaboration among teachers, professional growth, and student performance. The analysis of supervisors perspectives offers additional insights into strategies for enhancing teachers participation and engagement in CPD programs. The recommended upskilling CPD strategies aim to strengthen professional development initiatives, customize programs to address specific needs and improve program effectiveness through regular evaluation and feedback mechanisms. By implementing these recommendations, this study contributes to the enhancement of the knowledge, skills, and teaching practices of physical education teachers, ultimately benefiting both teachers and students in the field of physical education in Laguna.

Teachers are stressed with all the tasks that need to be done both in teaching and administrative. The study aimed to ascertain the psychological capital and stress levels of the Balingoan District, Division of Misamis Oriental. It sought to answer the respondents’ psychological capital, their level of stress, respondents’ attitude towards work, the significant relationship between the teachers’ psychological capital and the level of stress and the significant relationship between psychological capital and level of stress to the respondents’ attitude toward work. The respondents of this study were the one hundred twelve (112) teachers of Balingoan District for School Year 2023-2024. The research instruments were patterned and modified, and descriptive-correlational research design and Pearson-r Correlation statistical tools were employed to establish the relationship between the variables. Results showed that the respondents have a very high level of psychological capital. The majority of the respondents were slightly stressed and their level of attitude toward work was very high. All psychological capital variables registered a strong positive relationship towards stress. Also, all psychological capital variables registered a strong positive relationship towards attitude towards work. Further, the level of stress variables registered a strong positive relationship to attitude toward work. The high psychological capital and low stress among teachers resulted to positive attitude towards work. Thus, the null hypotheses are rejected. It is recommended that teachers be provided with seminars on professional learning engagements like training and School Learning Action Cells that will improve their resilience and coping mechanisms. Teachers may develop, adopt, or create activities that may help improve the numeracy and literacy of learners.

The pineal gland has a hormonal and mystical component, described since time immemorial; its main secretion product with recognized health effects is melatonin, which is involved in the light/dark phenomenon. Additionally, this gland has been related to spiritual aspects and divine connection; in fact, for certain traditions, they define it as the “Third Eye” and establish it as the link between the “Body and Mind”. This review describes the most relevant aspects of the functioning of the pineal gland (from a hormonal point of view) and its possible role from a mystical-spiritual point of view.

This research was conducted to analyze the influence of the current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, and own capital on remaining business results in the East Manggarai Wae Motu cooperative (KSP) in the 2016-2022 period. This research uses quantitative data methods to assess the influence of the current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, and own capital on remaining business results. The secondary data used is in the form of financial reports and balance sheets. This data was obtained from the Wae Motu Cooperative (KSP) East Manggarai. The research results show that the current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, and own capital influence the remaining business results. Meanwhile, partially, the variables current ratio and debt to equity ratio do not affect remining business results. At the same time, capital itself influences remaining business results in cooperatives in East Manggarai.

This study investigated the efficacy of different coagulants, namely ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate at a concentration of 1.95 g/L, and aluminum chlorohydrate at a concentration of 2.1 g/L, in removing microplastics from plastic recycling facility wastewater under different pH conditions. The results showed that the presence of microplastics in wastewater was 76% in the form of fragments, followed by films and fibers in smaller amounts. The size of these microplastics varies, with a dominant size range of 251-500 µm. At pH 6, ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate were able to remove 75% and 90% of the microplastic abundance, respectively, by adding a dose of 1.95 g/L. However, the highest removal efficiency was obtained by adding a dose of 2.1 g/L Aluminium chlorohydrate at pH 8. These findings underscore the importance of selecting suitable coagulants and optimizing treatment operational conditions based on the type and size distribution of microplastics present in the wastewater system.

Motor motion control is the control of motor motion that needs to be trained from an early age. Motion is basically often done by humans from infancy, namely by crawling. When the childs motor movements are not trained since childhood, there will be delays that prevent the child from moving at the right age. This research aims to determine the influence of traditional games on childrens motor motion control. This type of research is literature review research or literature research. The data obtained by the researcher is the result of research that has been researched by previous researchers and this research was obtained from Google Scholar. The result of this literature review is that traditional games have a good influence on childrens motor control movements

In the context of globalization and continuous progress of the fourth industrial revolution, digital economic development has become an inevitable trend and urgent need. The digital economy not only creates new business and job opportunities but also enhances national competitiveness and promotes sustainable development. Recognizing this importance, the Vietnamese Government has implemented many policies and management methods to promote the building of a digital economy. According to a report by the Ministry of Information and Communications of Vietnam, the digital economy is expected to contribute 20-30% of GDP by 2030. To achieve this goal, the application of effective economic state management methods is a prerequisite. These methods include building an appropriate legal framework, deploying advanced digital infrastructure, developing high-quality human resources and promoting public-private cooperation in the field of information technology. Research on the use of state management methods to build a digital economy in Vietnam has high practical significance, helping to identify challenges and opportunities, thereby proposing specific solutions to promote effective and sustainable digital transformation.

The primary objective of vocational school education is to prepare students for the workforce. The independent curriculum includes provisions for preparing students for the workforce. One of them is found in textbooks, which ought to encourage education and training for skills necessary for the workplace. This research aims to describe the perception and need for independent curriculum-based Indonesian language textbooks in vocational schools. This research used a case study approach with a purposive sampling technique. The data was collected from 17 Indonesian language teachers, 200 vocational school students, and 5 textbooks used at vocational schools in Sambas Regency. Data collection was obtained through questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis. Data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of the research showed that only 23% of the implementation of the independent curriculum from 17 Vocational Schools in Sambas district use independent curriculum textbooks, the need for vocational school teachers for independent curriculum-based textbooks reaches 79.5%, and the need for vocational school students for independent curriculum-based textbooks reaches 73.5%.

This research aims to determine: (1) the difference in the influence between plyometrics and resistance band training on leg muscle power in wrestling athletes; (2) the difference in effect between wrestling athletes who have high and low leg muscle endurance on leg muscle power; (3) the interaction between plyometrics and resistance band training as well as high and low leg muscle endurance towards the leg muscle power of wrestling athletes.The type of this research was an experiment using a 2 x 2 factorial design. The research population was the wrestling athletes from Malang City, totaling 40 people. The research sample was 24 people taken by using purposive sampling technique, then ordinal pairing was carried out to divide each group. The instrument used to measure leg muscle power was the standing long jump, while leg muscle endurance was measured by using the squat test. The data analysis technique used the two way ANOVA test.The results of the research show that: (1) there is a difference in the effect between plyometrics and resistance band training towards leg muscle power of wrestling athletes where the F value is at 11.674 and the significance value is at p 0.003 < 0.05. The plyometrics training group is better than the resistance band training group with an average difference at 13.92. (2) There is no difference in the effect between wrestling athletes who have high and low leg muscle endurance towards leg muscle power, where an F value of 0.704 is obtained and a significance value of p is at 0.411 > 0.05. (3) There is no interaction between plyometrics and resistance band training and high and low leg muscle endurance towards the leg muscle power of wrestling athletes, where the F value is at 0.402 and the p value is at 0.533 > 0.05.

The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program is a program that must be implemented by every company. The main focus of CSR is increasing education rates, improving health quality, preserving the environment, and community empowerment (community development). This research aims to analyze communication performance and CSR program desires at PT Migas Utama Jabar (MUJ). The results of the research showed that communication performance in the PT MUJ’s CSR group was in social performance, ritual performance and political performance. Group of think carried out by one of the group leaders through a learning initiative using a smartphone. For program sustainability, there needs to be a roadmap for empowerment activities. Routine and intensive assistance provided to members of the assisted group (chicken, eel fish, and maggot feed)

This qualitative research study aimed to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has caused stress and its contributing factors from the perspective of senior citizens who have experienced it first-hand. A set of semi-structured questionnaires were asked and answered by ten respondents from Cabuyao City. The participants responses were interpreted and categorized into themes such as family, financial strain, grief and loss, and challenges of restricted mobility. The findings of this study suggest that senior citizens, regardless of economic stability and health concerns, have all experienced being stressed due to the pandemic. However, senior citizens have managed to cope and deal with mental stress through different coping strategies to be able to alleviate their stress.

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is one of Indonesias fresh fruits highly favored by both domestic and international consumers. Its production can be increased by applying KCl fertilizer. This study aims to determine the response of KCl fertilizer on the growth of passion fruit in lowland areas. The research was conducted at the Bosowa University Experimental Garden located in Bontoramba Village, Pallangga District, Gowa Regency. The study was designed as an experiment using a Randomized Block Design. The treatments applied were different doses of fertilizer: K1 (control), K2 (1.5 g/plant), K3 (3.5 g/plant), and K4 (4.5 g/plant). The results indicated that the application of KCl fertilizer at a dose of 1.5 g/plant tended to have a better effect on the growth of the main stem length, stem diameter, number of leaves, and number of branches in the plants.

Discovery learning directs students to discover something through their learning process. Learning becomes active when students use their thoughts and actions during the learning process. This study aims to determine the effect of discovery learning model on student learning outcomes. This type of research is an experimental study using posttest only control design. Data collection techniques in the form of tests using question instruments, then data analysis using prerequisite tests, namely homogeneity test, normality test and hypothesis testing. The results showed that learning by using discovery learning can significantly improve student learning outcomes and can significantly improve student activeness.

Humans cannot be separated from inheritance. Inheritance is the most important aspect in all areas of life, because in the end people are always faced with inheritance, whether it is inheritance in positive form, namely obtaining wealth or negative, namely the existence of many debts that are paid as an inheritance from the testator. Inheritance is something that many people who are in need or who are not in need still hope for an inheritance that can improve and/or increase their standard of living. Inheritance is an inheritance left by a person who dies to his or her heirs. All rights and obligations of the heir automatically (saisine principle) are transferred to the heir(s) when the heir dies, even if the heir is not/is not aware of the existence of the inheritance1. Inheritance often triggers divisions and/or quarrels in families, especially if the heir leaves behind many heirs. Quarrels can occur because of feelings of injustice, jealousy, disagreement or disagreement in the distribution of inheritance and many other things that trigger quarrels over inheritance, but in the end it is the assets that are fought over between the heirs. To minimize the risk of disputes, one way is to determine what inheritance law is used in dividing inheritance assets when someone dies. Determining inheritance law is an important aspect in resolving legal problems related to inheritance of property. This research aims to explore various factors that influence the choice of inheritance law in the context of differences in culture, religion and state law. The research method used is analytical descriptive of the inheritance law system in force in Indonesia as well as a review of related literature. The results of this research identify that in determining which inheritance law to use, factors such as religion, cultural values, state policies and personal family preferences play a crucial role. Apart from that, legal clarity and certainty are also the main considerations in choosing inheritance law. The implications of this research are the importance of being aware of cultural and legal diversity in dealing with inheritance issues, as well as the need for a flexible and inclusive approach in determining inheritance laws that suit the needs and values of the family concerned. This research makes an important contribution to the practical and theoretical understanding of determining effective inheritance law in an increasingly connected global context.

Implementation of problem-based-learning in dance education have not simple. Provide an overview of the lesson problem-based-learning and describe the specific features that define this teaching model. Describe the theoretical basis of the model problem-based-learning and summarizes the research supporting its use. Explains how to plan and use the problem based learning model, including how to adapt its use to students with different abilities and backgrounds (Arends: 2008). Describe how to implement a learning environment that is conducive to use problem-based-learning. Describe appropriate ways to address student learning in accordance with objectives problem-based-learning. Specify regarding usage restrictions problem-based-learning and make predictions about its future use. Several aspects in the art of dance can be used as a problem, which students seek to find a solution to, namely: movement, accompaniment/music, floor patterns, make-up, fashion, property. Students are given the task in groups to discuss and explain selected aspects of a regional dance. Another example, students discuss making floor patterns in regional dance, with a predetermined number of dancers. Problems of movement, accompaniment, floor patterns, make-up and clothing can be used as problematic topics in the art of dance.