Age restrictions in the job recruitment process are an increasingly relevant issue in many countries, causing discrimination against job applicants who meet the qualifications but are considered unsuitable simply because of their age. This study examines the application of age restrictions in job applications from the perspective of human rights, as well as its impact on equal employment opportunities, social welfare, and economic productivity. Through literature studies, it was found that age discrimination, both against young and elderly age groups, is still rampant in Indonesia, even though it contradicts the principles of equality in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). While regulations such as the Age Discrimination in Employment Act in the U.S., the Employment Equality Directive in the European Union, and Law No. 13 of 2003 on Employment have been implemented, weaknesses in law enforcement and strong age stereotypes remain major obstacles. This study emphasizes that the age limit in job applications is a violation of the right to decent work and recommends the implementation of competency-based recruitment policies, strengthening anti-discrimination regulations, and raising awareness of the importance of creating an inclusive work environment. This step is important for building a fairer, more dynamic, and sustainable labor market in the era of industrial transformation.

This research aims to analyze the influence of Sharia Financial Literacy and the Use of Digital Finance on Financial Inclusion with Financial Behavior as an Intervening Variable in Halal Food MSMEs in Palembang City. This research uses a quantitative approach method. The population in this research is Halal Food Business Actors in Palembang City with a sample size of 121 respondents. The data collection technique uses primary in the form of distributing questionnaires using a Likert scale. The data analysis technique in this research uses Outer Model Analysis, Inner Model Analysis, Bootstrapping, Path Coefficient. The results of this research show that: (1) Sharia Financial Literacy has a significant positive effect on Financial Inclusion, (2) Use of Digital Finance does not have a significant positive effect on Financial Inclusion, (3) Sharia Financial Literacy has a significant positive effect on Financial Behavior (4) Use of Finance Digital has a significant positive effect on Financial Inclusion 5) Financial Inclusion has a significant positive effect on Financial Behavior, (6) Financial Behavior is able to mediate Sharia Financial Literacy on Financial Inclusion as shown by the Indirect Effect calculation, (7) Financial Behavior is able to mediate the Use of Digital Finance on Financial Inclusion as shown Indirect Effect calculation.

This systematic review of literature examines the prevalent skills and competencies of emotional intelligence for effective educational leadership. It explores the significance of emotional intelligence in building connections, managing conflicts, and creating a supportive school atmosphere. The review analyzes 16 research articles published between 2016 and 2024, focusing on the five components of emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills (Goleman, 1995). The study identifies self-awareness, social skills, and empathy as the most prevalent emotional intelligence components among education administrators. It concludes that emotional intelligence is critical for effective educational leadership, enabling leaders to navigate complex relationships, manage conflicts effectively, and create a positive and supportive school environment.

Learners conduct may be taken from several factors which may be the cause for their educational achievement. This study aimed to determine the level of learners conduct and educational achievement. This also determined the relationship between the learners conduct and educational achievement. The respondents of this study were the teachers (n=105) from the selected schools in the Division of Cagayan de Oro City. This study used descriptive correlational research design with documentary analysis and utilized an adapted and modified survey questionnaire as its instrument to gather the data from respondents. Statistical tools like frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient were used to find out the relationships between the variables. Results showed that the learners conduct was at moderate level on which family has the highest mean score while teacher has the lowest mean score. Learners educational achievement was at a satisfactory level. Learners conduct was negatively correlated with educational achievement. Though negatively correlated but it can be concluded that family plays an important role in molding learners conduct. Thus, the school may hold parenting seminars to remind parents of the importance of family in developing the learners conduct. If learners have desirable conduct, they would have good study habits that would improve their educational achievement.

The quality of life of the population is a measure of the sustainable development of the country, in which education and health care play an important role. In Vietnam, education and health care have made important strides in improving peoples lives, helping to improve the level of education and public health care. The education system is expanding with many good improvement policies, while the health sector is also developing strongly through strengthening facilities and wider access to health services. However, there are still many challenges, quality disparities between regions and overload in hospitals... The article focuses on studying the current status of education, health care, and its impact on the quality of life of the population.

This study examines the collaborative process between the youth of Dukuhpicung Village and the local government in the development of AI-based e-proposals as part of the village infrastructure development. The research was conducted in Dukuhpicung Village, Luragung District, Kuningan Regency, West Java Province. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study explores how the active participation of youth in the e-proposal training program enhanced their digital skills and strengthened synergy with the local government. The results show that the use of AI and audiovisual technology not only accelerated the planning process but also improved the effectiveness of communication through more interactive and persuasive proposals. This training successfully empowered the youth to take an active role in village development, enhancing their capacity to access funding opportunities and facilitating improvements in local infrastructure quality. These findings provide guidance for policymakers and development practitioners to support the implementation of digital technology at the village level and encourage closer collaboration between the community and the government in community-based participatory development.

Introduction: Tourism resources provide great potential for tourism development, but at the same time, they also face problems such as over-exploitation and environmental damage, so it is crucial to achieve a balance between development and conservation. This study explores the development and protection of tourism resources in China. Background: Since the reform and opening up of China more than 30 years ago, China s tourism industry has rapidly developed into one of the important pillar industries of the national economy. At the same time, the destruction of tourism resources has also become more and more prominent, therefore, we must correctly deal with the relationship between the development and protection of tourism resources, to ensure the economic benefits while achieving the sustainable development of tourism resources. Novelty: Many studies in China currently focus on either tourism development or conservation, but this study endeavours to consider the relationship between the two in an integrated manner, providing a comprehensive approach to effectively develop and conserve China s rich tourism resources, while at the same time obtaining economic benefits. Research Methods: This study adopts the methods of literature review and qualitative analysis to review the research results on the development and protection of China s tourism resources by collecting relevant literature and summarising and analysing the ideas in the literature to conclude the development and protection of China s tourism resources. Finally, corresponding management suggestions and policy measures are proposed based on the conclusions. Results:To promote the sustainable use and protection of tourism resources, and to ensure the long-term stability and sustainability of the resources Conclusions: To solve this problem, this study puts forward the following suggestions: (1) to formulate strict laws and regulations; (2) to raise the overall awareness of environmental protection; (3) to promote the corresponding scientific research and technological support; (4) to strengthen tourism planning and management. (5) Establishment of funds for the protection of tourism resources; (6) Strengthening of cooperation and exchanges.

This study aims to analyze the impact of traditional games on children s cognitive development. In the midst of the rise of digital games, traditional games are often neglected even though they have great potential as an educational tool. Through a systematic review of various relevant studies, this study found that traditional games such as Sundanese Manda, Gobak Sodor, Congklak, and Dakon can provide significant cognitive stimuli for children. The game helps improve children s problem-solving, logic, and social comprehension skills. In addition, traditional games also play a role in strengthening social interaction and cultural values. Although many studies have focused on digital games, the results of this study highlight the importance of integrating traditional games in formal education to maximize children s cognitive development. Therefore, it is recommended that traditional games be recognized and applied more widely in the early childhood education curriculum.

The application of change management theory to the management of teaching and learning activities in schools in Vietnam in recent years has attracted much attention, but this theory has not been systematically and clearly defined. The purpose of this article is to establish a theory of change management in schools to apply to school management in the context of education and training innovation in Vietnam today. Based on the approach of the Theory of Change, the article builds a system of theoretical issues on change management in schools. The research aims to establish directional criteria on change management capacity, requirements for change management, and methods of practicing change management. The research results provide a systematic approach to change management in schools that is suitable for the requirements of current education innovation in Vietnam.

The Traditional Cultural Expression of Pendet Dance from Bali is one of the Communal Intellectual Properties, where the use and exploitation of traditional cultural expressions is often carried out without clear permission, thus leading to unauthorized exploitation and use. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal protection status of the Pendet Dance as a traditional cultural expression in Indonesia. This legal research is an empirical legal research with a descriptive analytical approach method. The research results show that the effectiveness of legal protection for the traditional cultural expression of the Pendet Dance is influenced by several factors, namely legal factors, law enforcement factors, facilities and infrastructure factors, community factors, and cultural factors that grow in the community. Legal protection for the Pendet Dance can be through preventive protection through inventory and recording carried out by the state through the minister or local government, or through repressive protection.

This study explores the impact of social media on the travel decision-making process of Generation Z, utilizing the Engel-Kollat-Blackwell (EKB) model as a framework. Generation Z, comprising individuals born between 1997 and 2012, is characterized by their high level of digital fluency and reliance on social media for gathering information and making informed travel choices. Conducted with 350 Generation Z travellers in Santa Fe, Bantayan Island, Cebu, Philippines, this research employs a descriptive-correlation design and a survey questionnaire to gather insights. The findings reveal that social media significantly influences three key stages of the Engel-Kollat-Blackwell (EKB) model: need recognition, information search, and post-purchase behavior. In the need recognition stage, travel content on social media sparks Generation Zs desire for exploration. During the information search phase, users seek reviews and recommendations from peers and influencers to better understand their travel options. After making their travel decisions, Generation Z shares their experiences on social media, influencing their peers and encouraging ongoing engagement. While social medis impact on the alternative evaluation and purchasing stages is recognized, it appears less pronounced than in the earlier stages. This underscores the critical role that social media plays in shaping the travel decision-making process for Generation Z, highlighting the need for engaging content and authentic interactions to effectively influence their choices. These insights underscore the essential role of social media in shaping travel preferences among Generation Z. To effectively engage this demographic, travel and tourism businesses should craft targeted marketing strategies that emphasize authentic content and influencer partnerships, thereby fostering brand loyalty and driving purchasing decisions.

The researcher determined eleven grade 3 learners belonged to the struggling level where they got low scores in pre-test of the Functional Literacy Assessment Tool (FLAT) in the first quarter of SY 2022–2023. Nevertheless, with the commitment and dedication of the researcher as a teacher, the researcher decided to develop reading material that suited the learners. Moreover, it aimed to develop a contextualized skill book in English to improve the reading level of grade 3 learners. Accordingly, the study focused on improving the reading level and effectiveness of the contextualized skill book used. Furthermore, learners reading levels improved after the intervention s implementation. In addition, pre-test and post-test results showed a significant difference, which implies that the intervention is effective. Particularly, as perceived by the learners, the contextualized skill book improved their reading abilities and academic performance in other subjects, consequently their love for reading developed. Finally, the contextualized skill book used showed effectiveness among the respondents, as well as appropriate for struggling learners. Similarly, the skill book was extremely recommended for use by other educators in the improvement of the reading level of their learners. Therefore, the researcher recommended that other researchers develop a contextualized skill book used as an intervention for struggling readers because it proved effective in improving the reading level of learners.

Diabetes is a persistent medical condition distinguished by elevated concentrations of glucose in the bloodstream. This condition has a global impact, impacting millions of individuals, and inadequate management can result in a range of complications. Despite the absence of a cure for diabetes, exercise and diet, among other lifestyle components, can significantly impact its management. Interest in the potential function of vitamin D in the prevention and management of diabetes has increased in recent years. This article aims to investigate the correlation between vitamin D and diabetes, elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying its impacts, and survey the existing scientific literature that substantiates its efficacy.

Togo s cotton growers have integrated “cotton under maize” into their production system in their quest for innovative solutions. This practice is of heuristic interest insofar as agricultural policies are constantly being improved. The aim of this paper is to analyze the social logics underlying this innovative cultivation practice. Analysis of qualitative data collected from 254 randomly selected cotton growers in the Plateaux region reveals that farmers prioritize the security and social prestige of their households over the financial enrichment provided by cotton. This strategy, although detrimental to the overall performance of the sector, enables them to guarantee the viability of their farms despite their technical and organizational constraints.

This study aims to determine the level of physical fitness index and mental health of lecturers and educational staff at Yogyakarta State University. The research design used in this study uses an experimental research method. The population of this study were lecturers and educational staff at Yogyakarta State University. The instrument for measuring physical fitness used the Rockport Test. The instrument for determining the level of mental health used the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-29). The study was conducted at the UNY Athletics and Football Stadium and the UNY Wates Stadium. The sample consisted of 202 UNY Lecturers and 62 UNY Educational Staff. The results of the study that have been carried out, obtained the results that the level of physical fitness of UNY Lecturers was 1% indicating good, 3% indicating very poor, 43% indicating sufficient, 53% indicating less. While for the percentage results of the Fitness Test for UNY Educational Staff, 13% indicated good, 2% indicated very poor, 48% indicated sufficient, 37% indicated less. Meanwhile, the mental health test of UNY Education Staff showed that 92% were good, 6% were quite good and 2% were lacking. Meanwhile, the mental health test of UNY Lecturers showed that 97% were good, 2% were quite good and 1% were lacking.

Effective coordination and collaboration between secret intelligence agencies and government institutions are crucial for national security in the face of complex and evolving threats. Despite technological advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, which have enhanced intelligence capabilities, achieving seamless collaboration remains a persistent challenge, owing to differences in organizational culture, communication barriers, and the need for secrecy. This study explores the interplay between technological advancements, organizational dynamics, and legal frameworks to foster coordination between intelligence agencies and government institutions. Through a comprehensive literature analysis, this study examines the historical evolution of intelligence agencies, their functions and responsibilities, and the legal and regulatory frameworks governing their operations. The dynamics of coordination and collaboration were investigated, including various models (centralized, decentralized, and hybrid), factors influencing effectiveness (communication, trust, and leadership), and the role of technology in facilitating information-sharing. The study also identifies key challenges, such as bureaucratic barriers, legal and ethical concerns, resource constraints, political interference, and cybersecurity risks. Opportunities for enhancing collaboration are discussed, including policy reforms, strengthening interagency trust, adopting technological innovations, international cooperation, and capacity-building programs. Case studies on success and failure in intelligence collaboration provide valuable insights into the best practices and lessons learned. The study concludes with recommendations for improving intelligence collaboration, emphasizing the importance of strong legal frameworks, ethical AI integration, effective communication, and sustained investment in capacity building and international cooperation.

Saanen is a specialized dairy goat breed originating from Switzerland, imported and encouraged to be raised in Vietnam. This article presents the results of a survey of estradiol and progesterone levels during pregnancy in Saanen goats at the Binh Duong Large Livestock Research and Development Center. After monitoring mating, goats were sampled for blood every 7 days until birth, at 6-8 am. Hormone levels were determined by electrochemiluminescence assay, with the Cobas E601 immunoassay system. The results showed that after 14 days of conception, progesterone levels gradually increased (3.21±0.36 ng/ml) and shifted to higher levels, peaking on day 70 of pregnancy (12.28±0.52 ng/ml) (in the 1-2 years old group); corresponding values were 3.18±0.75-11.88±0.92 ng/ml (in the 3-4 years old group). The high value range was maintained throughout pregnancy and decreased rapidly in the 14-21 days before birth in both age groups. Estradiol, maintained at low concentrations from 0.73±0.35 to 2.65±1.25 pg/ml (in the 1-2 years old group); from 0.98±0.48 to 3.27±1.95 pg/ml (in the 3-4 years old group) in the first 21 days of pregnancy and then gradually increased to above 10 pg/ml (in both age groups) on day 28. Estradiol continued to increase and reached a maximum level (205.48±32.81 pg/ml) in group 1 on day 126 and had an average value below 10 pg/ml within 1-2 days after giving birth. The results of this study help diagnose pregnancy, predict gestational age for effective reproductive management, and serve as a reliable reference when using assisted reproductive tools and strategies to improve reproductive performance in goats.

This study aims to understand the relationship between social stratification and the political participation of Generation Z women in Pantai Bahagia Village and Medalkrisna Village, Bekasi Regency. The method used was a mixed-methods approach that combines both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The political participation of Generation Z women was measured based on the forms of conventional, non-conventional, cultural, and digital participation. The research results indicate that there is variation in political participation based on social stratification, with the lower strata tending to be more active in conventional political participation, the middle strata being more active in digital political participation, and the upper strata being more involved in election administration. This study highlights the importance of creating an inclusive political environment to enhance young womens political participation.

This study aims to explore the level of attachment anxiety, marital adjustment, pyscho-social support of love and arranged marriages among Meranao women specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: 1.What is the demographic profile of the respondents in love marriage and arranged marriages in terms of present age, age at the time of marriage, family monthly income, number of children and sibling rank? 2. What is the level of attachment related anxiety, the marital adjustment of the respondents in love and arranged marriages among the following aspects psychological, social, emotional and spiritual? 3. What are the marital adjustment of the respondents in love and arranged marriages when classified as social, physical, financial and spiritual? 4. What is the level of marital quality of the respondents in love and arranged marriages on the following aspects; commitment, trust and mutual interaction? 5. What are the forms of marital support of the respondents in love and arrange marriages receive in terms of psychological, confidant, affective and social support? 6. How do love marriages differ from arranged marriages along the following along the following aspects; level of attachment anxiety, marital adjustment, level of marital quality and marital support? 7. What marriage counseling program has been developed on the basis of the findings of the study. This study was conducted at Tuca, Pindolonan and Dawayan, Marawi City with the total number of 327 married Meranao women, with a breakdown of 132 for love marriage and 195 for arranged marriage. The researcher utilized the descriptive–correlation design. Part of study was done through describing the demographic profile of the respondents and personal profile in terms of age, gender, socio economic status, educational attainment, monthly income and occupation. Their perceptions on their marriage particularly on attachment anxiety, marital adjustment, marital quality and marital support were also given descriptions. On the other hand, these two important variables were then correlated so as to establish a conclusion that a wifes profile can affect her perception on her marriage life.

Literacy design by using digital learning resources in the instructional activities at school is presently inevitable. Besides providing learning materials, digital learning materials are also suitable for applying authentic assessment that can improve learners skills and competencies contextually. The study is intended to explore students perceptions on the use of the YouTube as materials for authentic assessment. The study was carried out through quantitative and qualitative surveys with 47 graduate students at Yogyakarta State University, 45 domestic and 2 overseas students. The study took place in a blended learning context. Students were asked to complete an on-line questionnaire, practice authentic assessment in class, and conduct observation activities. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and descriptive qualitative method. Findings show that students perceptions on the use of the YouTube channel and authentic assessment are generally positive. Almost all the students agree with the genre-based language learning and assessment of which one of the resources is the Internet and all its derivations; almost all of the students agree that the implementation of the YouTube-based instructional processes applies the authentic assessment model with the primary performances of speaking and writing using a rubric; practice of students performances in authentic competencies is scored and commented on by their peer.

Populism has emerged as a significant challenge to democratic governance worldwide, as populist leaders seek to undermine checks and balances and consolidate power. This systematic literature review analyzes how populist movements weaken democratic institutions across different regions, focusing on the erosion of judicial independence, legislative oversight, media freedom, and human rights. This study examines case studies from Hungary, Turkey, Brazil, and the United States, revealing how populist leaders centralize authority, manipulate legal frameworks, and exploit societal grievances to sideline democratic norms. Populist rhetoric often frames democratic institutions as elitist and detached from the interests of the "true people," justifying actions that concentrate executive power and limit accountability. This impact extends beyond national borders and affects international law and global governance. In response, civil society, independent judiciaries, the media, academia, and international organizations play crucial roles in defending democratic values and building resilience against populist encroachment. Strategies such as enhancing legal protection, promoting civic education, strengthening oversight bodies, and reforming electoral systems are essential for countering populist threats. This study highlights the need for a multifaceted approach to address the root causes of populism s appeal and protect democratic institutions. Further research should explore how populists exploit digital media and the effectiveness of resistance strategies and conduct comparative analyses across regions to develop robust defenses against the erosion of democracy.

The study aimed to determine the effects of mentoring towards Information Communication Technology (ICT) integration process in teaching Trainers Methodology I in Facilitating Learning, specifically on competency-based learning materials on Utilizing Electronic Media in Facilitating Learning. In this process, interaction among the mentors and the mentees are encouraged to improve their work-based practice. The quasi-experimental design used specifically the pretest-posttest method. The module and pre-posttest exam used in this study constructed by the researchers. The mentees participation had determined, and modifications in teachers ICT integration indicators have analyzed. Observation and result of pre-test and post-test data described for skill and proficiency level of the mentees before and end of peer mentoring activity. The results indicated that the mentees in the experimental group show a noticeable improvement in their scores from pretest to posttest. The respondents compared to the controlled group which there is no significant difference between the pretest mean scores in ICT mentoring among Bachelor in Teaching Livelihood Education (BTLEd) students in the experimental groups. A significant result between the posttest means scores in ICT mentoring among BTLEd students in the experimental and control group and finally, using the mentoring approach in ICT to BTLEd students is more effective than using the traditional methods of teaching the same lesson.

Every students educational path must include learning since it allows them to improve and advance their speaking, writing, listening, and reading skills. The goal of the current study was to ascertain how students attitudes and oral communication performance related to one another. The study looked into the relationship between the prevalent attitudes that students frequently displayed in relation to their performance in oral communication. 226 Senior High School students from Opol National Secondary Technical School, Opol East District, Division of Misamis Oriental, who were enrolled in the HUMSS, STEM, and TVL tracks and strands participated in the study by responding to three sets of survey questions. The mean and standard deviation were employed to ascertain the predominant attitudes among the pupils about affective, behavioral, and cognitive attitudes. The students performance in oral communication was assessed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. To ascertain whether there was a significant relationship between the independent and dependent variables, Pearson r correlation was employed. Because there was a strong association found between students attitudes and oral communication performance, the study found that cognitive attitudes had a substantial impact on students oral communication performance. This shows that the respondents use of cognitive attitudes in scholastic oral activities is crucial since it has a big impact on how well they do. The results of the study imply that in order to assist students acquire positive behavioral and affective attitudes, educators and school administrators should employ a variety of activities that will help them refine their behavioral and affective skills.

This research focuses on purchase decision and all of the factor that affected, including social media, brand image, service quality, and purchase intention. Therefore, this research analyze and explore social media effect, brand image and service quality, to know the role of purchase intention as mediation at INSPIRED27 Distro in Malang City. The research using descriptive approach with 113 respondents chosen by simple random sampling method. The data explain with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) procedure. The results are: 1) social media and brand image significantly influence purchase intention, 2) service quality have positive but not significant towards purchase intention, 3) media social significantly and positively influence purchase decision, meanwhile 4) brand image and service quality have positive but not significant towards purchase decision, 5) purchase intention significantly and positively influence purchase decision, 6) media social and brand image have positive and significant effect towards purchase decision through purchase intention, and last, 7) service quality have positive effect, but not significant towards purchase decision through purchase intention.

The temples of India stand as a remarkable testimony to the nations spiritual, cultural, and architectural heritage. This paper delves into the multifaceted role of temples as tangible heritage, tracing their evolution from the early Gupta period to the architectural marvels of the Chola and Chandela dynasties. It explores the architectural diversity across regions, from the Nagara and Dravida styles to the unique Kalinga and Vesara forms. Temples are not just religious spaces but have historically served as cultural, social, and economic centers, nurturing art, education, and local economies. Their architectural brilliance, rich symbolism, and sacred geometry embody profound spiritual philosophies. Moreover, temples reflect the political and social history of India, with kings commissioning grand edifices to solidify their rule and connect with the divine. The preservation of these temples, many of which are threatened by neglect, environmental factors, and human activity, is crucial. Governmental and international efforts, including UNESCO designations, play a significant role in conserving these living monuments. As India modernizes, safeguarding its temple heritage is essential to maintaining the continuity of its cultural and spiritual identity for future generations.

Background: Limited research exists on how geographic location and environmental factors influence kidney function. This study investigates potential variations in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels between individuals residing in the coastal and desert regions of Libya. Methods: An observational, retrospective analysis was conducted using medical records. Participants (n=260) were recruited from Benghazi (coastal) and Jalu/Samnu/Sabha (desert) regions. Inclusion criteria included age range (18-90 years) and residency in the designated location. Exclusion criteria focused on factors affecting GFR (e.g., pre-existing kidney disease). GFR was estimated using the CKD-EPI formula. BUN levels were obtained from medical records. T-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The final sample size (after exclusions) and participant demographics was 134 participants. The study found no statistically significant difference in GFR between the coastal and desert groups (p-value = 0.238). However, BUN levels were significantly higher in the desert group (mean = 28.2 SD = 30.5) compared to the coastal group (mean = 15.5, SD = 10.5) with a p-value of (p-value = 0.026). Conclusion: This study did not identify a significant association between GFR and geographic location (coastal vs. desert) within Libya. However, BUN levels were significantly higher in the desert population, suggesting potential differences in kidney function or contributing factors that warrant further investigation.

The high potential of fishery resources owned by Tanjung Benoa Village is a positive thing and can be a good source of income for the community. However, the fact is that this potential has not been able to provide the expected welfare. The purpose of this study is to analyze 1) The simultaneous effect of income, family consumption, and technology on the welfare of fishing families; 2) Partial effect of income, family consumption, and technology on the welfare of fishing families; 3) Variables that have a dominant effect on the welfare of fishing families in Tanjung Benoa Village. This research uses an associative quantitative approach. The type of data used primary data with a population of 140 fishermen in Tanjung Benoa Village. Data analysis techniques included descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis using Stata software. The results of the analysis showed that: 1) income, family consumption, and technology have a significant effect simultaneously on the welfare of fishing families; 2) income, family consumption, and technology have a significant effect partially on the welfare of fishing families; 3) the technology variable is the dominant variable affecting the welfare of fishing families. Technology variable is the variable that has a dominant effect on the welfare of fishing families in Tanjung Benoa Village. Based on the results of the study, it is expected that the fishing community is expected to pay attention to the technology variables used in helping the process of catching seafood owned in order to increase their income so as to be able to generate a general level of welfare.

Morphological skills are essential for developing linguistic competence, as they underpin various aspects of language acquisition, including reading comprehension and effective writing. This study examined morphological errors in the written works of 25 Grade 11 students in the Oral Communication course at Northern Abra National High School, exploring how these errors reflected their understanding of word formation rules and the influence of contextual factors like educational background and language exposure. Using a document analysis design, the research involved evaluating students assignments and essays to identify error types and frequencies. A systematic coding process categorized errors through qualitative content analysis, revealing themes related to inflectional, derivational, and compounding errors. The study identified common morphological errors in the written works of 25 Grade 11 students enrolled in the Oral Communication course. Inflectional errors were the most prevalent, comprising 40% of the total, with students frequently misusing verb conjugations and plural forms, indicating a fundamental misunderstanding of grammatical rules. Derivational errors accounted for 30%, highlighting confusion around suffix and prefix application. Compounding errors, at 20%, involved incorrect separation and formation of compound words, leading to clarity issues in writing. Affixation errors made up 10%, reflecting overgeneralization and misuse of affixes. Also, students from well-resourced families made 12% fewer morphological errors than those from under-resourced families, with dedicated language programs leading to a 20% reduction. Teacher expertise contributed to a 15% decrease in errors. Students exposed to multiple languages had 30% fewer errors, with those speaking three or more languages showing a 40% reduction, highlighting the benefits of multilingualism on language skills. Moreover, students with both quality education and extensive language exposure made 35% fewer errors than those lacking either factor. These findings emphasize the need for educational equity and multilingualism to enhance morphological skills. A combined approach integrating quality instruction with diverse language experiences is recommended to improve writing proficiency. Generally, the educational background and language exposure significantly impact Grade 11 students morphological accuracy. Students from well-resourced schools made fewer errors, especially with effective language instruction, while multilingual students demonstrated enhanced writing proficiency. The synergy between quality education and diverse linguistic exposure is essential for improving students linguistic skills. To address morphological challenges, educational policies should focus on integrating robust language programs and promoting multilingualism, fostering better writing outcomes for all students.

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of student capacity in organizing recreational sports events based on the results of the pre-test and post-test scores. This study used a survey method with a quantitative descriptive research design. Data analysis used a percentage technique based on norm-referenced assessments. The subjects in this study were 30 students of Recreational Business Management. The data collection process used a structured questionnaire. Based on the pre-test and post-test data, the results showed that the Sig. (2-tailed) value was 0.0000.05, so it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the results of the Pre-Test and Post-Test. This is reinforced by the fact that before carrying out recreational sports activities, the Post-Test results showed a percentage of 41% (Moderate). After carrying out recreational sports activities, the percentage increased to 70% (High).

This study determined the performance of grade 11 senior high school students using explicit instruction in teaching General Mathematics and the application of concrete – pictorial-abstract approach during the school year 2022-2023. The study utilized the quasi-experimental research design employing pretest and posttest in general mathematics during the second grading period. The participants of this study were 45 Grade 11 students of ICT B and 42 students of ICT C under TVL – Strand. Purposive sampling technique was utilized in determining the samples of the study. The findings revealed that Grade 11 students had very poor performance in general mathematics, but that performance improved when the teachers gave explicit instructions and employed the concrete-pictorial-abstract approach. Grade 11 students in the control and experimental groups increased their mean gain scores, which proved that explicit instructions and application of the concrete-pictorial-abstract approach were effective in teaching General Mathematics. It is highly recommended that teachers are advised to apply their learnings in teaching General Mathematics to Grade 11 senior high school students using explicit instruction and a concrete-pictorial-abstract approach in order to demonstrate a commitment to improving existing practices and ultimately enhancing the learning outcomes of the students.

This study aims to analyze the role of leadership in improving employee competency at PT. Surya Toto Indonesia, Tbk. Serpong Unit, South Tangerang City. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method at PT. Surya Toto Indonesia, Tbk. Serpong Unit to explore the role of leadership in improving employee competency through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. Data were collected, analyzed with data reduction, and presented in narrative form and a conceptual model to understand the relationship between leadership and employee competency development. Data validity and reliability were guaranteed through triangulation and member checks, ensuring strong and accurate conclusions regarding the contribution of leaders to HR development. The results of this work show that leadership plays an important role in improving employee competency at PT. Surya Toto Indonesia, Tbk., but challenges such as lack of training, non-innovative leadership styles, poor communication, and minimal appreciation are major obstacles. Transactional leadership styles that focus on short-term results hinder employee development as a whole. To remain competitive, companies must adopt transformational leadership and provide full support for employee competency development through ongoing training. Competent employees will be better prepared to face industry changes and drive company growth.

This study aims to find out how student learning achievement at MA Mambaul Ulum is influenced by learning resources and online learning environment. This study uses a sample of 104 respondents and is quantitative. The Likert scale is included in the data collection questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis is a technique used for analysis. The results showed that although the Learning Facilities variable (0.018 < 0.05) affected learning achievement, the Internet-Based Learning Media variable did not affect (significance value = 0.247 > 0.05). The findings of the simultaneous test show that, with significance values of less than 0.001 and less than 0.05, Internet-Based Learning Media and Learning Facilities have a simultaneous impact on Learning Achievement.

This study investigates the acceptability of spinach-cabbage chips in three flavor variants: plain, cheese, and barbeque, specifically targeting preschoolers as the primary evaluators. A sensory evaluation was conducted, assessing the chips based on appearance, color, texture, taste, aroma, and overall acceptability. Data were analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to identify the most preferred nutri-chip formulation, while Kramer s Rank-Sum Test determined the favored variant among the participants. The study utilized fresh spinach and cabbage, focusing on their nutritional profiles and the production process for the chips. Key methodologies included sensory evaluations, cost analysis of ingredients, and calculations of theoretical vitamin A content, along with the percentage of the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RENI) for vitamin A per 50-gram serving for children aged 4-10 years. Results indicated that the optimal formulation comprised 200 grams of spinach and 100 grams of cabbage, with no significant differences at the 5% level in appearance and color between formulations. However, significant differences were noted in texture, taste, aroma, and overall acceptability. The spinach-cabbage nutri-chips contained 512 µg of Retinol Equivalents (RE) of vitamin A, translating to 12.8% of the daily recommended intake for preschoolers. The findings suggest that spinach-cabbage nutri-chips can serve as a nutritious snack option to enhance vitamin A intake among preschoolers and may be beneficial for supplementary feeding programs. Recommendations for production, packaging, and further research into the products shelf life and applicability in school feeding initiatives are provided.

After 30 years of development, Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) in Indonesia has been widely studied and published in scientific journals. From 2019 to 2022, 44 Indonesian scientific journals were identified through a Google search. This study aims to explore how IMC is defined in scientific journal articles from 2019-2022, considering the current context. The research employs a literature review method, using five definitions of IMC, which are then distilled into sixteen core ideas. The findings reveal that Indonesian scientific journals still adhere to two main definitional concepts: “IMC is comprehensive planning” and “IMC combines various communication elements.” The first concept suggests that IMC must be thoroughly planned, typically through its communication elements. The second concept emphasizes the combination of various communication elements. Additionally, the articles found that the communicated message is predominantly from the brand, although only partially. This indicates that IMC has expanded to include brand value. A few scientific journals have advanced further in defining IMC, though only in terms of managing various communication elements, without incorporating dialogue or database-driven development. Overall, this study reveals that the definition of IMC in 44 articles positions it as a strategic process in business and management, involving the planning, execution, and persuasion of brand communication programs. On the other hand, many definitions of IMC need to be considered as concepts, at the very least those drawn from IMC thought leaders, such as the five definitions used in this study.

This study examines the impact of a school feeding program on the reading skills of Grade IV pupils. The research hypothesizes that a well-structured and effectively implemented feeding program can enhance pupils reading performance. Specifically, the study aims to determine how the school feeding program influences the reading performance of Grade IV pupils at San Gabriel Elementary School during the 2022-2023 school year. The study sougth to address several key questions: What is the socio-demographic profile of the pupils (age, sex, parents education, family income, and BMI)? What is the impact level of the school feeding program in terms of physical facilities, fund management, paraphernalia, and food preparation? What is the reading performance of the pupils? Is there a significant relationship between the pupils socio-demographic profile and the effectiveness of the school feeding program? Lastly, is there a significant relationship between the feeding programs impact and reading performance? The research employs a descriptive-correlational design and involves 32 Grade IV pupils from San Gabriel Elementary School, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection instruments included a modified pupil profile survey and a school feeding program assessment, with responses measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Biserial Correlation, and Pearson r. Findings reveal that the pupils, all aged 9, consist of an equal number of boys and girls. Most parents had completed high school, and family incomes were typically below 9,000 pesos. Pupils generally had a normal BMI. The school feeding program was found to have an outstanding impact on both nutritional support and reading performance, with a significant correlation between program management and pupils reading improvement. A significant relationship was also found between the socio-demographic profile and program effectiveness.

Parents participation plays a great role in a childs learning development. This study sought to determine the relationship between the parents participation and learners educational achievement. It also identified which independent variable/s singly or in combination influenced the educational achievement of learners. This study used descriptive-correlational and causal design with content analysis. It utilized an adapted and modified questionnaire which was validity and reliability tested. Mean, Standard Deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression as the statistical tools. The studys respondents were the Grades 4,5 and 6 pupils from Naawan Elementary School, Naawan District of Misamis Oriental Division, who were elected though simple random sampling using Slovin s Formula. Results reveal that parents are highly involved in all six dimensions namely, parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision making and collaborating with community. Parenting as the highest and volunteering as the lowest. Pupils have the Very Satisfactory rating. Parents participation has low positive correlation between the pupils educational achievement while parenting and decision-making influence the pupils educational achievement. Thus, parents may continue to be involved in their childrens education and teachers may sustain parental participation by providing accessible avenues for parents to engage in their childrens academic journey

The impact of information technology has permeated various aspects of human life, including social, cultural, economic, political, and even educational elements. The education sector, influenced by technology, significantly affects the quality of education, including Islamic Education, where one crucial element is the presence of Islamic Education Supervisors. The role and responsibilities of Islamic Education Supervisors are to enhance the quality of Islamic Education and to exhibit adequate professionalism. Therefore, this study addresses the professionalism of Islamic Education Supervisors and the implementation of information technology in the duties of Islamic Education supervision in Banggai Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include direct observation, in-depth interviews, and written document analysis. Data was analyzed using three stages: data reduction, presentation, and verification. This study found that the professionalism of Islamic Education supervision in the era of information technology in Banggai Regency is outstanding. This is proven by the research findings, which show that supervisors consistently carry out their duties despite many challenges and obstacles. The extensive supervisory area, the large number of supervised teachers, and the need for more supervisors present real challenges in performing their duties professionally. On the other hand, Islamic Education Supervisors still need to improve in aspects of information technology and discipline. Other findings indicate that in performing their supervisory duties, Islamic Education Supervisors in Banggai Regency use information technology in various strategies and methods.

The study aims to improve the Ilocano phonological awareness of kindergarten learners in Sto. Rosario Elementary School, Sigay, Ilocos Sur, using indigenized reading materials. The result shows a significant positive impact on learners skills in Ilocano phonological awareness, as demonstrated by the scores from the post-test. A paired samples t-test confirmed that the difference between pre-test and post-test means was statistically significant, demonstrating the effectiveness of the intervention. The increase in the mean posttest score further supports that learners have improved significantly in all factors of phonological awareness. These outcomes explain why indigenized reading material and environmental print are incorporated into early childhood education. The materials provided a culturally familiar context that added meaning to what had been learned and further directed learners attention toward phonemic patterns through visual word forms.

In Tanzania, adolescent mothers were pre+viously been prohibited from returning to public secondary schools particularly during the fifth government phase led by the late President John Joseph Pombe Magufuli. However, under his successor President Samia Suluhu Hassan, a new re-entry policy for adolescent mother has been re-introduced. The policy aims to address the challenges faced by adolescent mothers who drop out of school due to pregnancy. Although the policy granted the opportunities for adolescent mothers to continue with their studies after giving birth, its implementation in country is still uncertain. It is against this backdrop that the current study explored the perceptions held by selected educational stakeholders and adolescent mothers to appraise the extent to which the re-entry education policy has thus far been implemented, drawing on a case of the secondary schools sampled from Urambo District, in Tanzania. The study deployed the interpretivist approach and phenomenological research design. Purposive sampling was used to select ten study participants reflecting two counter factual scenarios, namely: adolescent mothers who enrolled through re-entry program after delivery and who did not do so after delivery. The methods of data collection included in-depth interview with adolescent mothers and key informants; and focus grouped discussions with community members. The data were analysed through thematic analysis. The study findings revealed that implementation of the re-entry policy is marked with several challenges on part of the adolescent mothers which include: lack of support from families and schools. More to say, there prevails a stubbornly rigid and unchanging social stigma subjecting the typologies of the mothers into a state of dilemma, making it difficult for them to perform both the expected double roles of a mother and student simultaneously. The study also disclosed a lack of clarity on the re-entry policy guidelines, which has forced some of the re-entry policy implementers to use their own discretions. Additionally, the findings indicated that awareness creation was not sufficient enough to enable adolescent mother especially in remote areas to enrol back to school after pregnancy. The paper recommends that, for successful implementation of the re-entry policy, comprehensive counselling programmes for adolescent mothers and awareness creation among the educational stakeholders and community members are inevitable.

This research aims to determine the results of evaluating the context, input, process, product of the implementation of Physical Education learning for children with special needs in inclusion-based elementary schools in Sindang Darat District, Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province.The evaluation model used in this research is the CIPP model. The results of the research show that the evaluation of the implementation of physical education learning for children with special needs in onclusion-based elementary schools in Sindang Plains District, Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province, results in the poor category. Next, each aspect of the evaluation is explained, namely. (1) Context evaluation is in the good category. Indicators of learning materials and formulation of objectives were 3.14 in the good category. (2) Input evaluation is in 3.29 the good category. (3) Process evaluation results are in the poor category. (4) Product evaluation in 1.83 in the poor category.

The agricultural sector as a pillar of development together with the tourism sector and small industries. As part of the agricultural sector and the livestock subsector, the laying hen farming business is growing in line with the increase in egg production in Indonesia. However, during 2020 – 2022 egg production decreased in several districts in Bali Province and had an impact on the sustainability of the business. The leading factor that affects business sustainability is entrepreneurial orientation. The application of entrepreneurial orientation to companies is more about holding product market innovations, daring to run risky businesses and starting proactive innovations that will affect the performance and sustainability of their business. This article intends to describe the sustainability of the laying hen farming business and the things that affect it so that it can provide a direction for future strudi in maintaining the sustainability of the laying hen farming business. The agricultural sector as a pillar of development together with the tourism sector and small industries. As part of the agricultural sector and the livestock subsector, the laying hen farming business is growing in line with the increase in egg production in Indonesia. However, during 2020 – 2022 egg production decreased in several districts in Bali Province and had an impact on the sustainability of the business. The leading factor that affects business sustainability is entrepreneurial orientation. The application of entrepreneurial orientation to companies is more about holding product market innovations, daring to run risky businesses and starting proactive innovations that will affect the performance and sustainability of their business. This article intends to describe the sustainability of the laying hen farming business and the things that affect it so that it can provide a direction for future strudi in maintaining the sustainability of the laying hen farming business.

This study examines Indonesias environmental governance framework, focusing on the complex interplay between global environmental imperatives and local implementation challenges. Through a qualitative analytical approach utilizing comprehensive secondary data, the research investigates how Indonesia navigates environmental governance while balancing economic development priorities. The study analyzes the integration of traditional ecological knowledge with modern environmental management approaches and examines the effectiveness of adaptive governance mechanisms in addressing diverse environmental challenges. The findings reveal that Indonesias multilevel governance system, while facing coordination challenges, demonstrates significant potential in developing comprehensive environmental frameworks. The research highlights the critical role of institutional capacity building and stakeholder engagement in environmental governance, particularly in balancing economic development with environmental protection. The study also identifies key challenges in implementing environmental policies across Indonesia s diverse archipelagic territory, including intergovernmental coordination issues and resource allocation barriers. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the importance of context-specific approaches in environmental governance, particularly in integrating traditional knowledge systems with modern environmental management practices. This study contributes to the broader understanding of environmental governance in developing nations and provides valuable insights for policymakers seeking to enhance environmental governance effectiveness while maintaining sustainable development objectives.

Consumer protection is an important aspect of business law that often clashes with the principle of freedom of contract. This paper analyzes the conflict between Article 18 of the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK) and Article 1320 of the Civil Code (KUHPerdata) in the context of consumer protection in Indonesia. The norm conflict arises mainly in the use of standard clauses in standard contracts, which can harm consumers. John Rawls theory of justice and Gustav Radbruchs theory of legal certainty are used to understand how the law can balance the interests of consumer protection and freedom of contract. In addition, technological developments and globalization also complicate the application of GCPL in electronic and cross-border transactions. The author suggests several legal strategies to address this conflict, including revision of laws, integration of technology, and harmonization of international law. In conclusion, effective consumer protection requires a balance between substantive justice and legal certainty and adaptation to technological change and market dynamics.

Recognizing the underlying cultural factors that influence political attitudes can aid in resolving conflicts and promoting social cohesion. This study explored the influence political culture on Youth Officials leadership styles and civic engagement. The study was conducted in one of the universities in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental. The descriptive-correlational design was used in the study. There were 135 students who served as the respondents selected through a purposive sampling technique. The researcher-made Youth Officials Political Culture, Youth Officials Leadership Styles, and Youth Officials Civic Engagement Questionnaires were used as research instruments. Weighted Mean and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient were used as statistical tools to analyze the data gathered. Results revealed that the youth officials perceived political culture in their respective barangays was very highly participant. The youth officials leadership style was democratic, while their civic engagement was to a very great extent. The perceived political culture generally influenced the respondents leadership styles and civic engagement. Political culture holds a major factor on how the youth officials lead their constituents and engage themselves in civic activities. It is recommended that youth officials sustain their democratic practices in governance to encourage citizens to participate freely in collective political action and influence decision-making processes.

Fire is a serious risk that can cause great losses, both moral and material. This study evaluates fire prevention and control at PC. GKBI Medari, which recently experienced a major fire due to lack of fire detection. Using the AS/NZS 4360: 2004 method, nine hazards with high, medium, and low risks were found. In the underground area of the cambric factory, there are deficiencies in the existing fire extinguishing system, especially in dealing with invisible fires. Hot and dirty air is sucked and channelled through PVC ducts to the air filter, but this system is not effective in extinguishing fires. This study recommends the installation of water spray at several underground points to improve fire protection.

Factors such as environmental temperature, rainfall, location of waste disposal sites, sunlight exposure, water flow, as well as chemical, biological, and socio-cultural conditions play a crucial role in the development of malaria cases. This study specifically aims to analyze the influence of environmental elements on the number of malaria and dengue fever (DF) cases in Sikka Regency, as well as to evaluate the physical design elements of the area that can reduce DF cases in the region. The research was conducted in several locations within Sikka Regency, taking into account the differences in location and the distance between buildings in relation to thermal characteristics. The results indicate that areas located more than 500 meters above sea level did not experience malaria or DF cases, which is also influenced by the outdoor environmental design, such as building density and vegetation size, affecting light intensity. Lower light intensity increases humidity, which accelerates mosquito breeding.

This research examined the quality of Georgian Amber Kvevri wines produced in the last three years via sensory evaluation and identified common defects in Kvevri amber wines. The Georgian Wine Guild organized 32 tasting sessions, assessing 1,440 amber wines sourced from 149 cellars. Only 30.76% of the wines evaluated were free from faults. High levels of ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde, and volatile acids characterized the majority of faulty wines. Researchers collaborated with 18 local wineries to conduct a field study, revealing that errors in cellar planning, design, and winemaking contributed to defects in Kvevri Amber Wines. The identified mistakes comprised placing kvevries in close proximity, failing to adequately wash and sanitize the cellar, neglecting the use of sulfur dioxide and inert gases, fermenting wines at elevated temperatures, and excessively maturing wines with lees and solid grape components. Based on the obtained results, the study team developed a novel technique that integrates traditional and modern methods for the production of amber wine. The team implemented the traditional liming method for the installation of new wines, produced trial wines utilizing innovative approaches, and created control wines through the conventional method. Trial and control samples were prepared from Georgian endemic grape varieties Rqatsiteli, Kisi, and Khikhvi, which are typically employed in the production of kvevri amber wine. The accredited Wine Laboratory conducted the chemical analyses. The results indicated that the trial wine had three times lower levels of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, and volatile acids compared to the control samples. The study emphasizes the significance of reinstating authentic traditional Kvevri winemaking methods alongside contemporary practices. The research indicates that the application of the new technique enables winemakers to improve the sensory attributes of their wines and diminish off-flavors.