The ineffectiveness of communication in health services is reflected in the impoliteness of communication which makes the interaction between health workers and patients disharmonious. Language politeness will create an atmosphere of mutual trust, appreciation, and respect for each other. A harmonious atmosphere will encourage patients to accept the quality of health services with full awareness, so that patient disappointment can be avoided. This study aims to identify the forms of polite sentences that occur between health workers and patients in interaction. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative method. The data is obtained by using the observational method, this method is followed by recording and note-taking techniques. Data analysis is explained by using the pragmatic pairing method. The result of this study is explain that health workers most frequently use four types of sentence to express politeness to patients: declarative, imperative, interrogative, and exclamative. Declarative sentences are the most common, as they allow healthcare workers to share information or updates respectfully and courteously, creating a polite and comfortable communication environment. This type of sentence allows the health worker to convey instructions or details about the procedure in an informative yet non-coercive manner.

Semantic features are the study of semantics that discusses the shape of an object or object that is characterized by the presence of signs or features and other explanatory components attached to the object or object based on its features. The purpose of this study is to obtain an objective overview of the form, function, and meaning of the semantic features of the tools used in the nyadran ritual . The approach used in this study is an ethnolinguistic approach. The data in this study is in the form of quotations of words, phrases and sentences about the form, function, and meaning of the semantic features of the tools used in the nyadran. ritual. The data sources of this research are traditional leaders and community leaders as well as books and journals that provide information about the semantic features of the tools used in rituals. The instrument used in this study is the researcher as the main instrument coupled with interview guidelines and data description sheets. The data collection technique is carried out using three methods, namely through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques use interactive patterns, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification. Based on the results of the study, the following findings were obtained. First, the shape of the semantic features of the tools used in the nyadran ritual, namely round, long, and square based on materials, sizes, and colors. Second, the function of the semantic features of the tools used in the nyadran ritual, namely as a substitute for containers for eating, containers for cooking, and containers for storing foodstuffs used on a daily and ritual basis. Third, the meaning of the tools used in the nyadran ritual is different, namely as a symbol of the presence of ancestors, as the pride and honor of a certain person and as a form of respect for people who died unnaturally, which are interpreted in terms of days and rituals. The suggestions that the researcher can convey based on the results of this study are as follows. (1) This research can increase students knowledge about the shape, function and meaning of an object or object. (2) The results of this study can help teachers in maximizing Indonesian language and literature lessons about the semantic features of the tools used in the nyadran ritual in tengger residents in Lumajang. (3) For future researchers, this research is expected to be a reference for conducting further research.

Philippine Educational System has taken a great innovative stride in adopting the Senior High School (SHS) of K to 12 Program which was implemented School Year 2016 – 2017. One of the leaps that the program has introduced along with it was that a senior high school student is expected to be enrolled to the Senior High School Track that is in line with their interest, ability, skills and higher education course they wish to pursue. However, it has been a perplexing question among senior high school students what track and strand to take that is in line with their choice. The researcher as a teacher wanted to find out what are the choices of strand among students in senior high school focusing on the perspectives, problems and opportunities with the hope that it can give insight to senior high school students, parents and mentors to understand the choice of strand among senior high school students. And possibly the result of the study may lead to the understanding why the importance and the need on having a Career Guidance Program for Grade 10 students before taking Grade 11. For social entrepreneur Filipino French Henry Motte-Muñoz, the key is to help students determine the best senior high school track for them and the university courses they can eventually take should they wish to get a college degree. In the last quarter of 2015, Motte-Muñoz launched Edukasyon.ph, an online platform that aims to solve the labor mismatch by giving students a comprehensive look at where the choices will lead them: "Out of the one million and a half kids who will finish high school, only 300,000 at most will go on to higher education, graduate, and find a job," he said. That means there are more than one million Filipinos who are left behind because they cannot afford college, or because they go in and drop out or end up taking the wrong subjects (Schnabel, 2016). Thus, the senior high school students choice of track and strand must be in line with their capability and interest to avoid labor mismatch, unemployment and drop out. It is in this premise that the researcher was desirous to find out the choice of strand among senior high school students and their perspectives, problems and opportunities. The purpose of this research is for the senior high school students to have an overview on the status or challenges on a certain strand as well as the opportunities that could be available to them with their choice of strand. This research study also aims to provide an insight to stakeholders of education like the community constituencies, school administrators/ operators, parents, curriculum designers and educators in general and may provide direction also to senior high school students on their choice of strand and track.

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has brought significant transformations to various aspects of life, including financial activities, which have increasingly transitioned into digital systems facilitated by financial technology (fintech). Fintech accommodates remote financial activities, reshaping the banking industry through the emergence of digital banks that enhance customer convenience in accessing banking services. This development reflects the growing cooperation between banking institutions and fintech companies. However, digital-based financial activities are inherently susceptible to system vulnerabilities, potentially causing customer losses. This study explores two main issues: (1) the nature of cooperation between banks and fintech and (2) the role of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in supervising digital banking operations. The findings reveal that collaboration between banking and fintech is achieved by integrating banking services with fintech platforms, enabling seamless customer access. The OJK employs direct (on-site) and indirect (off-site) supervision methods to ensure regulatory compliance and mitigate risks. Additionally, the OJK leverages advanced technologies such as the OSIDA (OJK Suptech Integrated Data Analytics) system to optimize supervision and implement a regulatory sandbox framework to foster innovation while maintaining oversight.

prudential principle is a fundamental pillar in maintaining the stability and security of bank finances, especially in the distribution of credit with fiduciary guarantees for trade receivables. Credit secured by trade receivables has special characteristics that require a more in-depth risk evaluation, given the intangible nature of receivables and dependence on the ability of third parties to pay. This study discusses how the prudential principle is applied by banks in the process of creditworthiness analysis, assessing the quality of trade receivables as collateral, and managing related risks, including liquidity, default, and legal risks. In addition, this study highlights the importance of fiduciary registration and complete legal documentation to protect banks from potential legal disputes and ensure effective collateral execution in the event of default. By implementing strict prudential principles and comprehensive risk management, banks can minimize the risks associated with the distribution of credit guaranteed by fiduciary on trade receivables, thereby maintaining their financial and operational stability.

This research aims to determine the correlation between physical activities, diet, and rest patterns towards the physical fitness of elementary school students at SD Model (Model Elementary School), Sleman, Yogyakarta. The research method used a quantitative approach. The research population was the senior students from SD Model Sleman totaling 256 students. The research sample was for about 149 students taken by using a sampling technique based on the Isaac and Michael Table formula with an error rate of 5%. The data collection used a questionnaire with item validation with expert consideration and empirical testing. The validity test and reliability test of the instrument used the product moment statistical test with IBM SPSS Statistic 25. The data analysis techniques used simple and multiple linear regression. Data assumption tests consisted of normality, linearity, and multicollinearity tests. The results of the hypothesis test show that: (1) physical activity has a significant correlation with physical fitness of elementary school students with a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05; (2) eating pattern has a significant correlation to the physical fitness of elementary school Students with a significant value of 0.001 < 0.05; (3) rest pattern has a significant correlation to the physical fitness of elementary school students with a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05.; (4) the results of the f test show that the significant value is 0.000 < 0.05 and the f-count value is greater than the f-table 57.098 > 3.146, meaning that physical activity, eating pattern, and rest pattern have a simultaneous correlation towards the physical fitness of senior students of SD Model Sleman Yogyakarta.

This research aims (1) to determine the effect of the core stability, wall sit, and squat training program towards the balance of UNY (Yogyakarta State University) taekwondo athletes, (2) to determine the effect of the core stability, wall sit, and squat training program towards the performance of keumgang makki of UNY taekwondo athletes. This research was an experimental study. The research design was "One Groups Pretest-Posttest Design". The research population was UNY taekwondo athletes. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, with the criteria: (1) taekwondo athletes who were still actively participating in UKM UNY (University Taekwondo Club) training, (2) Poomsae athletes with an age range of 18-22 years old, (3) Poomsae athletes who had learned keumgang moves. Based on the criteria, there were 7 athletes who met the requirements. The balance instrument used the Standing Stork Test and the keumgang makki performance used an assessment from the judge. The data analysis used the t test. The results of the research show that (1) There is a significant effect of the core stability, wall sit, and squat training program towards the balance of Taekwondo athletes at UNY, with t count at 5.490 > t table 2.447, and p-value 0.002 < 0.05. The amount of improvement in balance after being given core stability exercises, wall sits and squats is at 17.90%. (2) There is a significant effect of the core stability, wall sit, and squat training program towards the keumgang makki performance of UNY Taekwondo athletes, with t count at 9.212 > t table 2.447, and p-value 0.000 < 0.05. The magnitude of the increase in keumgang performance after being given core stability, wall sit, and squat training is at 28.46%.

In order to guarantee privacy protection for the health sector, regulations are needed that can bring benefits, balance and legal certainty in securing medical record data and innovation in health services. This research aims to describe the pattern of legal relations in the provision of telemedicine services, the regulatory capabilities of the health and cyber sectors in Indonesia in preventing and enforcing leaks and misuse of patient electronic medical record data. Next, this article will outline the shortcomings in terms of normative, structural and legal culture in enforcing existing rules in Indonesia regarding electronic medical record data. This research is included in qualitative research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The research results show that electronic medical record data is part of human rights which must be protected and recognized as special property rights in terms of civil law. Legal protection for the confidentiality of patient data in Electronic Medical Records (RME) in Indonesia is well accommodated by a number of regulations, including the Personal Data Protection Law, Minister of Health Regulation on RME, and the Civil Code with fairly good and complementary harmonization between regulations. However, Obstacles are still found in enforcement such as a lack of clear boundaries and procedures for opening medical record data and reporting data leaks, the legitimacy of the authority of law enforcers who have the authority to take action and the publics low understanding of the importance of data protection on medical records.

This research examines the commoditized transformation of motherhood in the relationship between economy and culture in the era of social media (Fuchs, 2015a). This study questions the interconnectedness of the commodification process of content, audiences and workers (Fuchs, 2015b; Mosco, 2009; Ørmen & Gregersen, 2022) by focusing on micro-celebrity mothers (Abidin & Brown, 2019). This study focuses on mother micro-celebrities who commodify family life through the YouTube platform. Researchers focus on Indonesian mothers who are married to foreign nationals. Micro-celebrity mothers, based on observation, commodify the process of cultural exchange in the family as a form of informal work. The researcher examined the lives of micro-celebrity mothers, especially migrants without formal employment, to understand how social media features on the YouTube platform are useful in the commodification of daily life content. This research uses the content analysis method to look at the content of messages (Krippendorff, 2019) from a systematic and objective view of documentation. The results of this study show that the commodification of mother content is not only a domestic figure as an ideal childcare provider, but also a market actor who influences audience preferences, while bearing the burden of production and distribution as labor.

Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) has developed into a well-established discipline, shaped by the evolving role of communication technology, which now serves both as a contextual factor and a practical tool in its implementation. This study investigates differences in the interpretation of IMC across three professional groups: marketing, advertising, and public relations. A quantitative, exploratory research design was adopted, employing purposive and quota sampling techniques, with 30 respondents selected from each profession. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey tests. The findings indicate no significant differences among the professions regarding IMC as an approach and a business-oriented framework. This shared understanding encompasses internal communication, customer-focused evaluation, and external communication elements such as marketing communication, audience management, dialogue, branding, communication technology, and evaluation. However, notable differences emerged between public relations and advertising compared to marketing in their interpretation of IMC as a strategy and tactic. These differences also extended to aspects such as comprehensive planning, coordination, integration, and synergy of tools and channels, the use of communication technology, and the implementation of two-way communication. Moreover, the differing interpretations included an emphasis on understanding customers, providing them with the freedom to discuss the brand, and ensuring clarity and consistency in brand messaging. Further distinctions were observed between public relations versus advertising and marketing regarding IMC as a management process for channel oversight, as well as the evaluation of IMCs strategic role, brand behavior, and brand loyalty. Finally, all three professions exhibited unique interpretations of IMC as a component of brand equity strategy. Future research is necessary to explore the distinct understanding of IMC by public relations professionals, whose perspectives consistently differ from those in marketing. Such studies could delve deeper into how public relations practitioners conceptualize IMC and its relationship to marketing practices.

Skin diseases are one of the most extensive and difficult to manage topics in healthcare, affecting millions of people worldwide. Current manual diagnosis by healthcare professionals is time-consuming and dependent on an individuals experience, authority or a medical professionals subjective opinion, so it is paramount to create new methods to evaluate the severity of skin damage. Deep learning and computer vision technologies focused on automating the process of diagnosing and classifying skin diseases are among the most promising areas. This paper investigates the usage of webcam video streams for real-time detection and categorization of 35 different skin conditions using the YOLOv8 object detection platform. The focus will be on gathering a large and diverse dataset with annotations from Labelme and training the YOLOv8m to accurately identify and delimit regions of interest to be classified later. Key components include the setup of the Anaconda environment, installation of necessary dependencies, dataset preparation, model configuration, training procedure, and evaluation metrics. Real-time inference using webcam feed facilitates continuous monitoring and detection, providing a practical tool for dermatologists and healthcare professionals.

Coral transplantation is the grafting or cutting of live coral to be grafted elsewhere or in places where the coral has been damaged, with the aim of restoring or forming natural coral reefs. Coral transplantation plays a role in accelerating the regeneration of damaged coral reefs, and can also be used to build new coral reef areas that did not previously exist. While the objectives of the study are: To describe the initial conditions, artificial coral transplantation in Tawara, at the Bunaken National Park location; Analyze the number of transplanted corals that survived for 7 years; Analyze the condition of transplanted corals by measuring the length and number of coral branches that survived for 7 years. Transplantation was carried out in 2018, after a year of measuring coral growth, namely in 2019. Data from the results of the study from 77 transplanted coral fragments, there were 3 dead coral modules, and those that survived were 74 coral fragments or 96% success in survival, while those that died were 4%.

This paper presents an AI-based robotic vision inspection system designed to enhance quality control in the manufacturing of sheet-metal components. The system integrates a sequential AI model with advanced image processing techniques to automate real-time defect detection and classification. Utilizing a high-resolution camera, the system captures images of components on a conveyor, which are pre- processed using grayscale conversion, Gaussian blurring, and Canny edge detection to emphasize structural details. A deep learning model then classifies isolated regions of interest based on normalized, resized images. Feature matching through ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF) enables accurate alignment with reference templates, while automated measurements convert pixel dimensions to physical units, ensuring reliable detection of deviations. With an average accuracy of 88.3%, the system consistently identifies subtle and complex defects, such as scratches and dimensional deviations, under variable lighting and noise conditions. This AI-driven approach reduces the need for manual inspection, minimizes error, and enhances workflow efficiency, representing a major step toward robust, real-time quality assurance solutions in industrial environments.

This paper presents the design and development of an automated forklift system with integrated IoT-based weight monitoring and RFID-based pallet identification, aimed at enhancing efficiency and safety in industrial material handling. The forklift autonomously identifies, loads, and transports pallets using RFID technology, ensuring accurate pallet selection and handling. The IOT- based weight system, monitored via the Blynk app, enables real-time load tracking and overload alerts, safe operation. Path-following capabilities are achieved using IR sensors, while ultrasonic sensors provide effective obstacle detection, allowing precise navigation within medium scale industrial environments. By minimizing human intervention, the forklift system optimizes productivity, and offers a scalable solution for medium- scale industries. Results demonstrate the forklifts effectiveness in automating complex tasks in industrial settings, contributing to improved workflow and operational reliability.

The quest to create artificial consciousness stands as a formidable challenge at the intersection of artificial intelligence and cognitive science. This paper delves into the theoretical underpinnings, methodological approaches, and ethical considerations surrounding the concept of machine consciousness. By integrating insights from computational modeling, neuroscience, and philosophy, we propose a roadmap for comprehending and potentially realizing conscious behavior in artificial systems. Furthermore, we address the critical challenges of validating machine consciousness, ensuring its safe development, and navigating its integration into society.

This paper presents the development of a smart robotic surgical assistant that utilizes voice command and image processing to aid in surgical instrument handling. The system integrates a Dobot robotic arm controlled through verbal instructions to retrieve and position surgical tools, while an image recognition model, based on VGG16, identifies instruments in real-time from camera feeds. This automation enables hands-free operation, supporting sterile conditions and enhancing efficiency in the operating room (OR). A dataset comprising high-resolution surgical tool images was curated to fine-tune the VGG16 model, achieving over 95% accuracy in classification. Voice recognition, incorporated with OpenCV, reached a 92.5% accuracy rate in interpreting commands. This system addresses challenges in surgical tool management, offering an efficient and reliable alternative that reduces human error and improves workflow, signifying a major step toward integrated AI-robotics applications in healthcare.

Culture has a core position and role in human life. This study aims to analyze the representation of Javanese culture through the character Jeng Yah in the novel Gadis Kretek by Ratih Kumala. The novel portrays the lives of Javanese people with traditional values such as politeness, local wisdom, strong spirituality, and the dilemma of preserving tradition. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through reading and note-taking. The data collection procedure in this study follows the model developed by Miles and Huberman: (1) data collection, (2) selection to focus and refine the information, and (3) conclusion drawing. The study examines how the character Jeng Yah reflects social norms, communication ethics, and roles within Javanese culture. The results reveal that Jeng Yah not only represents Javanese women who uphold customs and manners but also shows an adaptation to social changes without losing her cultural identity. These findings illustrate that Javanese culture in this novel remains relevant and continues to evolve amidst modernization challenges while maintaining values that shape societal life. This journal is expected to provide new insights into how literature can play a role in reflecting and preserving local cultural values in the era of globalization.

Sport is a meaningful context in which many young people participate, and youth sports teams can be an effective way to promote optimal development. Sport includes any form ofphysical activity that contributes to physical fitness, mental well-being and social interaction. The research objective of this literature review study is to determine the effect of physicalactivity on intelligence and to determine the effect of physical activity on multiple intelligences. This research uses a literaturereview design. The data used in this research are published articles published in international and national journals. Searchesfor published articles were carried out using several journal database websites such as Mendeley, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Based on the literature that has been reviewed, the results show that there are 8 studies that show the influence of physical activity on intelligence and multiple intelligences in a person. It is hoped that the results of this research can be used as a reference for other researchers to use as a reference.

The concept of citizenship is important in the study of political science and will continue to develop along with world developments. Derek Heater in his work entitled "What is Citizenship" explains two concepts of citizenship that are commonly known to the public, namely including liberal and republican ideology plus 1 concept related to dual citizenship. The relevance of existing concepts of citizenship to contemporary issues is currently the focus of research. Every concept and its application in countries in the world is driven by critical thinking and great turmoil in the process of comparison and consideration of how to use this understanding for a long time. The research method used is qualitative research with a literature study approach. The literature study was carried out by reducing primary data, namely the work of Derek Heater entitled "What is Citizenship" which was juxtaposed and strengthened by secondary data according to the study topic, namely the concept of citizenship studies. Different concepts of citizenship influence views on the relationship between the individual and the state, as well as political and social rights within the ideals of statehood.

This study aims to develop a reference book to support elementary school teachers in understanding and implementing learning management based on the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5). The research was conducted at SDN 20 Pangkalpinang, SDN 33 Pangkalpinang, and SDN 28 Pangkalpinang from July to December 2024, involving elementary school teachers as research subjects. The Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model, consisting of five stages Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate was used in this study. The validation results from material and media experts showed average scores of 87.6% and 84.6%, respectively, indicating that this reference book meets the eligibility standards in terms of content and design. Small- and large-scale trials produced an average score of 89.25%, indicating that this book is highly practical for teachers to use. Positive responses from teachers further strengthen the relevance of the book to learning needs in the field. Teachers reported being helped in understanding the P5 concept and implementing it in project-based learning. The book also includes practical guidance and suggestions for improvement, such as strategies for overcoming obstacles like time and resource management, as well as a more detailed assessment rubric.

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) has evolved from a scoring system into a strategic tool critical to global sustainability. This study examines the transformation of ESG by focusing on score evaluation, its impact on financial performance and environmental sustainability, implementation challenges, as well as the role of technology and holistic approaches. Findings reveal that strong ESG performance enhances financial stability, attracts investments, and bolsters corporate resilience against external risks. However, challenges such as greenwashing, pillar disparities, and reporting harmonization gaps remain significant barriers. By integrating advanced technologies like machine learning and blockchain and adopting holistic approaches that consider social, environmental, and financial values, ESG can serve as a key driver of global sustainability. This study provides valuable insights into the role of ESG as a strategic tool for fostering a greener, more inclusive, and sustainable economy.

International nurse migration has become increasingly prevalent, with nurses from developing nations, particularly in Africa, moving to high-income countries like the UK. While this movement offers better economic and professional opportunities, it also presents significant challenges, particularly regarding mental health. Migration-induced stress, exacerbated by acculturative pressures, can contribute to mental health issues such as depression and anxiety among migrant nurses. Despite the importance of this issue, there has been limited research into the mental health status of Black African migrant nurses in England. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the mental health well-being of Black African migrant nurses in England, using validated scales: the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 (HSCL-10). Findings revealed that while the overall mental well-being of participants was comparable to the national average, the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was significantly higher. Specifically, 60.8% of respondents reported HSCL-10 scores indicative of mental health issues, a rate nearly three times higher than that reported in hospital staff and the general population. Notably, those whose symptoms began after migration had significantly higher levels of psychological distress, emphasising the role of migration in exacerbating mental health issues. Factors such as racism and discrimination were found to be the strongest predictors of poor mental health, followed by spending time alone when off work, job stress, age and health status. These findings highlight the need for targeted mental health interventions and policies addressing the specific challenges faced by Black African migrant nurses, particularly in the areas of workplace discrimination and social integration.

The increasing electrification of robotic systems poses significant tribological challenges, particularly for bearing components. This study investigates the impact of direct current (DC) on the wear behaviour and tribological characteristics of robotic bearing systems. Experiments were conducted using a Ball-on-Disc tribometer under various DC current levels, lubrication conditions, and loading parameters. Results indicate that DC current significantly influences electrical impedance, friction coefficient, and wear scar diameter. Increased current intensity reduces impedance due to diminished lubricant viscosity and enhanced metal-to-metal contact. Friction initially decreases at moderate currents due to electrostatic repulsion but increases at higher currents due to electrostatic breakdown. Wear scar analysis reveals a decrease in scar diameter with increasing current, attributed to oxide layer formation. While load was found to be a significant factor influencing wear loss, the effects of sliding speed and current on wear and friction were less pronounced. These findings provide crucial insights into the tribological mechanisms in electrified robotic systems and highlight the need for optimized load and lubrication conditions to improve component durability.

This article studies and reviews the historical evolution of the right to freedom in Nepal. It explores the key political events and constitutional developments that have contributed to the formation of the right to freedom in the country. The article tries to delve into topics such as the autocratic Rana rule, the abolishment of slavery, and sati practices. Furthermore, revolutions against Rana regimes such as anti-Rana movements, the rise and fall of the Panchayat system, and the Maoist insurgency are also discussed. The study also examines Nepals constitutional history, from early efforts in the 1950s to the promulgation of the Constitution of Nepal 2072 which shines light on the right to freedom for Nepali citizens. The study aims to review the historical records, laws, and movements regarding civil liberties and human rights to understand the changes in Nepals legal and social construct in the twenty-first century.

The chairman of political party have an important position in determining the function of parties. However, the limitation of term position for political party leaders has not been regulated in Indonesian regulations. This is certainly not in line with the principle of checks and balances and control mechanisms within parties. There is no limitation for political partys chairman will cause damage to the internal democratic system, abuse of power by leaders against members, and prevent participation of members in the decision-making process. Thus, it is necessary to limit the term of position for political partys chairman. The concept of no immediate re-election can be a concept to limit the term of position of political party chairman. Through this concept, a person can be re-elected as a political partys chairman after his successor has served at least one term. By implementing this concept, it can minimize the possibility of abuse of authority and can create a good concept of term of position and periodization.

To support the economic growth of the Indonesian people in general and the Balinese people in particular, most of whom are in the tourism sector, the Government has enacted several laws and regulations, including Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. The enactment of the Job Creation Law provides discretion to micro and small businesses in terms of establishing a legal entity whose establishment does not require a notary deed, and even the founder and shareholder only need one person. Companies that meet the criteria for micro and small businesses will receive the facilities as stipulated in the Job Creation Law. This will be very beneficial for Shareholders of Individual Companies.

This dissertation investigates the fatigue and fracture behaviour of wind turbine blades exposed to varying wind speeds and load intensities, aiming to enhance their durability and operational lifespan in sustainable energy systems. The increasing reliance on wind energy underscores the need for durable blades that can withstand cyclic loads and extreme environmental conditions, as fatigue and fracture failures significantly impact maintenance costs and reliability. This research specifically examines fatigue life and fracture initiation at wind speeds of 15 m/s and 60 m/s, analysing the effects of increased load intensities (30 MPa and 62 MPa). Finite Element Analysis (FEA) through ANSYS is employed to model fatigue and fracture dynamics, incorporating fatigue life prediction using S-N curves, stress analysis with von Mises stress, and crack propagation simulation via fracture mechanics principles, such as Paris Law. Results reveal a notable reduction in fatigue life with increased loads, evidenced by a drop from 9e09 to 7.9e08 cycles at 15 m/s, with comparable fatigue cycle reductions at 60 m/s. Fracture analysis identifies critical crack initiation points in high-stress areas, and simulations indicate the progressive nature of crack propagation under cyclic loads. These findings underscore the importance of integrating fatigue and fracture assessments in the design and maintenance strategies of wind turbine blades to enhance resilience and support the sustainable advancement of wind energy systems.

This study aims to find out the process of the Central Java Province KONI organizational resource management strategy in the preparation of PON XXI/2024 Aceh-North Sumatra. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive. Qualitative researchers want to describe or provide a phenomenon as it is or describe the symbol or sign they are researching according to the real thing and in its context. This research was carried out in March 2024. Research occlusion is a place where research is carried out or recognized, which is located in Jatidiri Sports Complex in Karangrejo, Gajahmungkur, Semarang City. KONI Central Java Province has developed a resource management strategy to improve achievements in PON XXI/2024 Aceh-North Sumatra. This strategy includes four main elements: human resources, budget, facilities and infrastructure, and technology. Human resources, both administrators, staff, and altets, are focused on improving competencies through continuous training. Budget management is acknowledged in a transparent and effective manner to ensure full support for operational and coaching needs. Facilities and infrastructure, including training facilities, are prepared to meet standards to support athletes performance. In addition, the use of technology is improved for monitoring, evaluation, and data analysis which can accelerate the process of improving performance. With this strategy, Central Java is expected to achieve maximum results in PON XXI/2024.

This research aims to determine 1) the effect of skipping rope training on long passes of football players, 2) the effect of box jump training on long passes of football players, 3) the effect of skipping rope and box jump training on long passes of football players, 4) the difference in the effect of leg power on long passes of football players, and 5) analyze the interaction of skipping rope and box jump training and leg muscle strength towards long passes of football players.The type of this research was an experiment using a 2 x 2 factorial design. The method used a survey with a data collection technique using a long pass kicking ability test. The research population was the football athletes at SSB Mataram Utama U16 (U16 players of Mataram Utama Football School) totaling 16 students. Research sampling was carried out with total sampling or saturated samples. The instrument used to measure long passes used the Bobby Carlton long pass test and power used the Standing Board Jump. The data analysis technique used the paired sample t test, t test and two-way ANOVA test. The results of the first hypothesis test analysis obtain a t count value > t table (3.182), it can be concluded that there is an effect of skipping rope training on the quality of long passes of football players. The results of the second hypothesis test analysis obtain a t count value > t table (3.182), it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of box jump training on the quality of long passes in football. The results of the third hypothesis test study obtain a calculated F value = 4.763 and a significant value of 0.025, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between skipping rope and box jump training on the quality of long passes. The results of the fourth hypothesis test study obtain a calculated F value = 24.583 and a significant value of 0.000, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the quality of long passes in terms of leg muscle strength. The results of the fifth hypothesis test study show that the interaction of skipping rope and box jump training and leg muscle strength on the quality of long passes have a significant value (0.005) > 0.05. The results conclude that there is an interaction between skipping rope and box jump training and leg muscle strength on the quality of long passes

Mastery of basic skills must be possessed to achieve performance, including on Petanque. This research is held to analyze skills of Petanque in Sleman regency. The research is a quantitative research that describes research results found. Data collecting technique is held in some steps, they are preparation of instruments for shooting and pointing, and the second step is collecting data in the field by using observation and taking notes of results reached by the samples. Samples of the research are the 18 Petanque athletes in Sleman regency which are elected by using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis technique in the research is frequency descriptive analysis technique using 5 categorizations. The result of data analysis shows that pointing skill is 29.61, and shooting skill is 24.28. Based on the result of data analysis, we can conclude that basic skills of Petanque in Sleman regency is fair for pointing and poor for shooting. The research result can be used for evaluation to the committees, coaches, and the athletes in applying appropriate approaches and methods of practice in order to achieve better achievement.

This research aims to analyze the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) with agility in young volleyball athletes. The problem raised in this study is the lack of understanding of roles BMI as a predictor of agility, although agility is an important component of volleyball performance. The study involved 14 male participants who took part in extracurricular volleyball activities. Measurement BMI this was done using a weight scale and a stature meter, while agility was measured with the Hexagonal Agility Test. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between BMI with agility, with a correlation coefficient of 0.631 and a significance value of 0.016 (p0.05). In conclusion, improvement BMI caused by increased muscle mass is associated with increased agility in young volleyball athletes. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of body composition in athletes fitness management is needed to optimize their physical performance.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the field of dentistry by enabling advanced diagnostic, treatment planning, and procedural precision. From automated radiographic analysis to robotic-assisted surgeries, AI technologies enhance efficiency and accuracy in patient care. AI-powered imaging tools improve early detection of oral diseases, such as caries, periodontal conditions, and malignancies, by analyzing patterns beyond human capability. In restorative dentistry, AI aids in designing prosthetics and optimizing implant placement with unprecedented precision, reducing complications and improving patient outcomes. Robotic surgery systems leverage AI for minimally invasive procedures, offering greater accuracy, reduced operative times, and safer manipulation of delicate anatomical structures. Additionally, AI facilitates personalized treatment by analyzing large datasets to tailor interventions to individual patient needs. Its applications extend to patient management systems, streamlining appointment scheduling, and predictive analytics for treatment outcomes. As AI continues to evolve, ethical considerations, data privacy, and training integration remain critical for its successful adoption. The synergy between AI and dentistry promises a transformative impact, enhancing both clinical practice and patient experience. This review helps us to recognize the artificial intelligence application in different fields of dentistry.

Inclusive education is a critical approach for promoting equity and social justice in higher education, particularly in newly-converted universities in South-East Asia. This study aims to identify best practices for inclusive education by conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) using the PRISMA framework. Key themes include institutional policies, faculty development, student support systems, curriculum design, and challenges to inclusivity. Findings highlight effective strategies for ensuring accessibility, embracing diversity, and supporting marginalized students. These insights are essential for universities like the State University of Northern Negros (SUNN) as they implement inclusive practices. Recommendations provide a benchmarking framework to guide SUNN in creating an equitable learning environment where all students can thrive.

This study conducted the effect of working capital management on financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Working capital is a very important element for the sustainability of an organization like deposit money banks. During the assessment the focus was on evaluating working capital through key indicators such as the current ratio, ratios of cash to deposits as well as loans to deposits. Moreover, metrics like Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Asset (ROA) were employed to evaluate financial performance. An expost-facto research design was employed. The study population comprised of twenty-two deposit money banks out of which only 10 were purposively selected for sampling. Secondary data was utilized, and financial statements spanning a period of 10 years (2013 – 2022) were scrutinized. Panel Ordinary Least Square (OLS) was employed as a technique for data analysis. The results demonstrated that working capital had a considerable impact on ROE (p=0.000024 0.05) and ROA (p=0.000001 0.05). Thus, the study came to the conclusion that working capital significantly affects financial. Hence, it was recommended that banks in Nigeria should look for a way of balance between working capital and financial performance.

Reye syndrome is a rare, acute, and potentially life-threatening condition marked by rapid liver and brain damage, primarily affecting children and adolescents following viral infections like influenza or varicella. Though the exact cause remains unclear, studies indicate a strong association with the use of aspirin and other salicylates during viral infections, which may disrupt mitochondrial function and lead to hepatic steatosis and encephalopathy. Given the risks of aspirin use in susceptible populations, exploring natural anti-inflammatory alternatives is essential. Turmeric (Curcuma longa), ginger (Zingiber officinale), Boswellia serrata, Pinus pinaster, and Paeonia lactiflora possess notable anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties, potentially mitigating inflammation without salicylate risks. Curcumin in turmeric and gingerol in ginger exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by modulating inflammatory pathways. Boswellias boswellic acids, Pinus pinasters proanthocyanidins, and Paeonia lactiflora, paeoniflorin further contribute to immune modulation and neuroprotection. This review discusses these natural alternatives mechanisms and their potential role in preventing and managing inflammation in children at risk of Reye syndrome, highlighting the need for further studies to validate their safety and efficacy in pediatric populations.

Teaching for engagement is an innovative strategy that places the learner at the fore of education. It is an approach which promotes active learning among children in primary schools. A multi-site case study was undertaken to explore the ways teachers conducted teaching for engagement to affect classroom lessons in three state primary schools located in Abi, Ikom and Boki Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Cross River State, Nigeria. Three (3) research questions were posed for the study. Six (6) teachers were selected from three primary schools across these LGAs for the study. Based on the social inclusion theory data was analyzed thematically. Findings were based on stated research questions and indicate that practitioners choice of instructional strategy and promotion of learner voice affect engagement at lesson; huge workload on teachers and poor knowledge of pedagogy hinder engagement. It was recommended that emphasis should be on learner-centredness during classroom instruction, and that competent teachers have to be recruited to work in primary schools within the context.

This study examines the effect of content marketing, customer experience, and online customer reviews on the loyalty intention toward local fashion brands on TikTok Shop. The population in this study were TikTok shop users. The data for this research were collected using primary sources through a quantitative approach. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select TikTok Shop users as the research subjects. Out of 233 respondents who completed the questionnaire, an outlier analysis was conducted, resulting in 182 valid data points for further analysis. The analysis model used is multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS version 25. The regression analysis revealed that content marketing has a significant and positive effect on loyalty intention, as indicated by a positive coefficient. In addition, good customer experience is shown to significantly impact loyalty intention. Online customer reviews also show a significant influence, although slightly lower than content marketing and customer experience.

The definition of degenerative disease is generally said that this disease is a process of decline in the function of organs that generally occurs in old age. Degenerative disease is one of the diseases often suffered by the elderly. Usually included in the elderly category between 45 years and 70 years. The elderly are more susceptible to degenerative diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and end up with complications. It tends to be more likely that the elderly are affected by degenerative diseases because they dont really know how to handle them and cure them. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of cadres and members of the elderly posyandu “bougenville”. This posyandu consists of posyandu cadres and posyandu members who have an age range between 45 years and 70 years and above. There are 144 members of the elderly posyandu “bougenvile”. This study uses a purpose sampling technique by taking several samples to be studied. This research is descriptive type by distributing prestest and post test questionnaires.From the results of this study explain that knowledge has increased significantly to the level of knowledge of elderly cadres and elderly posyandu “bougenvile” experiencing changes in knowledge improvement from the prestest “less” from 30% to 20%, the category “Enough” from 23% to 27%, the category “Good” from 37% to 40%, and the category “Excellent” from 7% to 10%. With this, the average increase in knowledge increased by 3% in each category. Hence it can be concluded that the delivery of degenerative disease material can increase the level of knowledge of elderly cadres and elderly posyandu “bougenvile” in iroyudan, Bantul, Yogyakarta.

This study attempted to address the perceptions of teachers on the translanguaging as a medium of instruction and how translanguaging facilitates in EMI classes at school level. This study would be very relevant for the secondary level teachers to address the issues of EMI in multilingual classroom. Hermeneutic phenomenological research design was adopted to analyze the lived experiences of the participants in EMI program in secondary level in the context of Kathmandu metropolitan city. The lived experiences of eight teachers from four schools were collected to find out the subjective and multiple realities of the EMI classes in community schools. In-depth-interview was employed the lived experiences as data from teachers of science, mathematics and social studies in this study to address the research objectives of this study. The findings of this study were exclusion of learners L1 in EMI class, excessive use of Nepali in EMI class, lack of the use of linguistic repertoire of learners L1 in EMI class, use of code mixing, code switching and translation as techniques in EMI class, and lack of workshop and training of ICT for teachers. It is concluded that translanguaging is essential to run EMI policy smoothly in non-English classes. There should be workshops and trainings on translanguaging to make the EMI policy of the Government of Nepal successful in secondary school level in Nepal.

In the ever-evolving digital era, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) must adopt digital marketing strategies to remain competitive in an increasingly competitive market. Although digital marketing has proven effective in expanding reach and boosting sales, many MSMEs still face challenges in effectively implementing it. This research aims to analyse how digital marketing strategies can enhance the visibility and sales of MSMEs, particularly by examining a Case Study at KWT Kuncup Mekar. Through a qualitative approach, this study explores the experiences and perspectives of MSMEs regarding digital marketing by employing in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis as data collection techniques. The study found that the effective implementation of digital marketing strategies can significantly improve the visibility and sales of MSMEs. MSMEs utilizing various digital platforms, such as social media and e-commerce, experienced a notable increase in visibility and interaction with the market. However, the success of these strategies depends on the quality of content, understanding of market trends, and the ability to regularly evaluate campaign performance. Additionally, collaboration with external parties and partnerships can also broaden access to marketing resources. In conclusion, this research concludes that digital marketing strategies play a vital role in enhancing the visibility and sales of MSMEs. MSMEs need to continually develop and update their strategies in line with market changes and consumer trends. Collaboration with external parties can also be an effective strategy to expand marketing reach. The researcher expresses gratitude to all parties involved in this study, including MSMEs at KWT Kuncup Mekar, respondents, supervisors, and research partners, for their contributions and support.

Performance is an expression of a persons competence based on understanding, attitude and skills, motivation in achieving work. A teachers performance can basically increase and decrease depending on the teacher performance management process in the institution. While the independent curriculum is a curriculum with intracurricular learning with diverse content so that students can be more optimal and have enough time to explore concepts and strengthen competence. Therefore, it is necessary to study teacher performance and the implementation of the independent curriculum in improving the quality of education, one of which is at MAN Banyumas, Central Java Province. This research is a qualitative research that is descriptive and observation, interview and documentation as data collection techniques. The subjects of the research are the Head of MAN Banyumas, Deputy Head of Curriculum, teachers, Committee and students. The results of this study indicate: (1) Improvement of teaching and learning activities in the classroom by using technology media and the implementation of supervision is carried out optimally. (2) Increased knowledge (3) MGMP (4). Increased ability (5) Increased skills (6) Increased self-attitude (7) Teacher certification. The model for improving teacher performance through The Spiritual Motivation in The Learning Organization, based on the assumption of factual conditions at MAN Banyumas, so the model that the researcher put forward contains hypothetical thoughts about teacher performance through learning organizations is expected to be more effective, efficient and productive. The steps taken so that teacher performance and the implementation of the independent curriculum in improving the quality of education are effective and efficient and productive as follows: First, setting teacher performance standards, second, conducting screening , third, determining strategic issues and making plans. Fourth, implementing coaching through a learning organization with six disciplines (The Sixh Discipline). Fifth, evaluating the results of coaching in improving teacher performance. The learning process through single loop or double loop and having an impact on accelerating change in the organization is called the cybernetic quantum learning cycle. A cycle of correction and identification of learning systems both individually and in groups as feedback to make continuous improvements. The role of the visionary head of MAN Banyumas and a conducive organizational culture, qualified human resources and a good learning culture greatly determine teacher performance and the implementation of the independent curriculum in improving the quality of education through The Spiritual Motivation in The Learning Organization. In addition, teachers also master and are able to optimally implement four competencies at MAN Banyumas, namely pedagogical competency, professional competency, personality competency and social competency.

The study investigated the effect of triangle solver game on secondary school students academic achievement and retention in trigonometry in Ogoja Education Zone. Four research questions guided the study, and four null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The design of the study was quasi-experimental design. The specific design was the pretest-posttest. Non-equivalent control group design. The study was carried out among secondary schools in Ogoja Education Zone of Cross River State. The population for the study consisted of 1,945 mathematics students in the Senior Secondary two (SSS 2) in the study area. The sample size 389 drawn from Ogoja Local Government Area. The instrument for data collection was Trigonometry Achievement Test (TAT). TAT was face validated by three experts in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Technology in University of Cross River State. The reliability co-efficient of the instrument was determined to be 0.98 Using Kuder-Richardson formula ( k – R 20). The subjects were pretested before the treated and the posttest was administered after the treatment, while the achievement test was administered two weeks after the end of the treatments. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The findings of the study showed that students who were instructed and taught using Trigonometry with triangle solver game achieved higher and retained more than those taught with conventional method. It was also discovered that no particular gender was favored more by the treatment. Based on the findings of the study. It was recommended that secondary school mathematics teachers should be given training on Triangle solver game so that they can use it while teaching. Also, workshops and seminars should be organize for serving teachers so as to acquaint them with the skill of triangle solver game.

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) aims to ensure that every student acquires the knowledge and skills needed for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles. Another important aspect of ESD is the integration of cognitive and affective components, which are dominant in broadening students understanding. The ability to be critically disposed is necessary to underpin students perspectives on sustainable development. This study aims to develop and measure students critical thinking disposition in ESD-oriented learning. The method used is a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The collected data on the critical thinking disposition of elementary school students will be processed through Rasch modeling using racking analysis techniques. The results of the study show that the critical thinking disposition instrument filled out by students experienced a significant 80% change in difficulty level, indicating an improvement in students critical thinking disposition. This implies that students are enabled to contribute and participate in the process of sustainable development in various types and dimensions, with transformative and reflective processes that strive to integrate sustainability values and perceptions not only into the education system but also into students daily lives.

This research examines partnership strategies in community empowerment-based renewable energy development using qualitative research methods through a case study approach. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews with key informants as primary data sources. Interviews were conducted by selecting informants who were considered the most knowledgeable on the research topic using purposive sampling. The Pro-Poor Public Private Partnership (P4) model is applied to integrate resources from various parties to fund renewable energy projects. The results show that the partnership strategy used by IBEKA is the Pro-Poor Public Private Partnership (P4) model applied to integrate resources from various parties to fund renewable energy projects such as the Energy Patriot Program in Partnership with the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR), private companies and local communities. Although there were challenges in implementation, such as limited funds and community resistance, the participatory and educative approach was able to overcome these obstacles.

The certification policy aims to enable lecturers to optimally implement the three pillars of higher education (Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi), thereby maximizing the quality of education. This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of certification policy and lecturer teaching performance on the quality of education. The research method employed is a survey method. The studys subjects consist of 80 lecturers randomly selected from Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Jakarta. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire instrument with a Likert scale. To ensure data validity, validity and reliability tests were conducted. The test results indicated that all data followed a normal distribution. The research findings reveal that the lecturer certification policy significantly influences the quality of education. Similarly, lecturer teaching performance also has a significant impact on the quality of education. The coefficient of determination (R²) shows that the certification policy and lecturer teaching performance have a moderate relationship with the quality of education. The implication of these findings is that the lecturer certification policy can encourage lecturers to conduct teaching activities more effectively, thereby improving the quality of education. Nevertheless, continuous efforts are still needed to further enhance the quality of education.

The study examined human capital development, information technology, and Economic Growth in Nigeria from 1991 to 2021. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips Perron test indicated that real gross domestic product, information technology, and secondary school enrolment are stationary at first difference. At the same time, growth capital formation is stationary at level. Tertiary school enrolment is also stationary at first difference in the ADF test while it is stationary at a level in the PP test. The ARDL model showed that growth capital formation has a positive but statistically significant effect on the gross domestic product in Nigeria. The labor force has a positive but statistically significant effect on the real gross domestic product in Nigeria. Information technology has a positive but statistically significant effect on the real gross domestic product in Nigeria. Tertiary school enrolment has a positive but statistically significant effect on the real gross domestic product in Nigeria. Secondary school enrolment has a positive but statistically significant effect on the real gross domestic product in Nigeria. The study recommends that for Nigeria to enhance its economic growth, there is a need to implement specific policies that facilitate investment in ICT in the country by empowering youth on the different aspect of information technology to become self-reliant and achieve higher economic growth.

This research aims to determine: (1) the effect of the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) learning model towards the students social skills, (2) the effect of the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) learning model towards the basketball playing skills, (3) the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model towards the students social skills, and (4) the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model towards the basketball playing skills. The type of this research was a quasi-experiment using a 2x2 factorial design. The research subjects were 72 eleventh grade students of SMA N 1 Yogyakarta (Yogyakarta 1 High School) from 2 classes: Class XI F 3 with the TGfU model treatment while class XI F 9 with the PBL model. The social skills instrument used the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) Instrument, and the basketball playing skills instrument used the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) test. The data analysis technique used ANCOVA. The research findings reveal that: 1) there is an effect of the Teaching Games For Understanding (TGfU) learning model towards the improving social skills of the students with a significance value of 0.042 < 0.05 and a percentage of 5.1%. 2) There is an effect of the Teaching Games For Understanding (TGfU) learning model towards the improving basketball playing skills of students with a significance value of 0.000 & 0.000 < 0.05 and a percentage of 59.9% skills, 110% performance. 3) There is an effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model towards the improving social skills of students with a significance value of 0.012 < 0.05 and a percentage of 5.3%. 4) There is no effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model towards the improving social skills of students with a significance value of 0.907 & 0.298 > 0.05 and a percentage of 0.92% skills, 13.9% performance.

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship of eating behavior, physical activity, and sleep quality to the physical fitness of students. This type of research is correlational research. The population in the study was class XI students at SMTI Yogyakarta. Researchers did not examine the entire population, but calculated the sample size of a population that had been determined using the Slovin formula with an error rate of 10% totaling 60 students. The analysis technique used regression with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 software. The results show (1) There is a significant relationship between eating behavior and physical fitness of class XI students at SMTI Yogyakarta, with a p-value of 0.022 < 0.05. (2) There is a significant relationship between physical activity and physical fitness of class XI students at SMTI Yogyakarta, with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. (3) There is a significant relationship between sleep quality and physical fitness of class XI students at SMTI Yogyakarta, with a p-value of 0.002 < 0.05. (4) There is a significant relationship between eating behavior, physical activity, and sleep quality on physical fitness of grade XI students at SMTI Yogyakarta, with a p-value of 0.002 < 0.05 and a contribution of 73.20%.

Exercise Therapy is one part of the treatment of chronic pelvic disorders. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Exercise Therapy based on loosening, stretching and strengthening in handling chronic pelvic disorders to reduce pain, increase range of motion, and joint motion function in symptoms of chronic pelvic disorders. The study used pre-experimental with a one-group pretest-posttest design conducted on members at Darah Muda Squad (DMS) Fitness Klaten, Central Java who experienced chronic pelvic disorders as many as 15 people. The research instrument used in the form of a numeric rating scale (NRS) in measuring pain intensity, a goniometer measuring instrument used to measure range of motion, and harris hip score functions in assessing motion function. The treatment given is Exercise Therapy based on loosening, stretching, and strengthening for approximately 30 minutes for 6 treatments. The data analysis technique uses paired t-test or Wilcoxon sign rank test according to the data to compare pretest and posttest data. The results showed that pain intensity decreased from 6.5 ± 1.3 to 2.5 ± 1.03 (64%) with p=0.001, flexion movement increased from 78.1 ± 7.4 to 100.5 ± 4.5 (29%) with p=0.000, extension movement increased from 13.2 ± 2.1 to 23.3 ± 2.5 (76%) with p=0.000, abduction movement increased from 11.2 ± 1.8 to 20.1 ± 1.2 (53%) with p=0,000, adduction movement increased from 19.8 ± 5.06 to 30.4 ± 3.4 (79%) with p=0.000, internal rotation movement increased from 18.8 ± 4.9 to 29.7 ± 1.5 (58%) with p=0.001, external rotation movement increased from 25.2 ± 4.05 to 33.7 ± 3.8 (33%) with p=0.000, motion function increased from 56.7 ± 5.7 increased to 82.9 ± 5.6. (46%) with p=0.000. It can be concluded that Exercise Therapy based on loosening, stretching, and strengthening is effective in reducing pain, increasing range of motion and joint function, so it is recommended in the treatment of chronic pelvic disorders.

The results showed that the fertilization package treatment with Cow Manure Organic Fertilizer + AB MIX Kryptonium + Mycorrhizal Biofertilizer + Probiotic Liquid Organic Fertilizer gave the lowest percentage of the number and weight of unjuicy fruits and gave the highest value on the number and weight of harvested fruits per tree, edible portion, fruit pulp color, fruit water content and fruit pulp moisture content when compared to other treatments. This treatment gave the lowest number and weight of unjuicy fruits which were 1.82% and 4.09% respectively and much lower than the percentage of the number and weight of unjuicy fruits in the control which were 9.11% and 22.08% respectively. In addition, this treatment also gave the highest number and weight of harvested fruits per tree, 259.63 fruits and 32.31 kg respectively, or an increase of 69.19% and 70.97% compared to the control with the number and weight of harvested fruits per tree, 80.00 fruits and 9.38 kg respectively. Fruit moisture content and pulp moisture content in this treatment were significantly higher than the control with values of 89.22% and 91.05%, respectively.

This study aims to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the hop, skip, jump race, and running over hurdle games in physical education. The method used in this study is a literature review. This method was chosen because it is to produce a new theory on the research topic by conducting a study of previous research results based on theories that can be accounted for. By understanding the advantages and disadvantages of the hop, skip, and jump race and running over hurdle games in physical education on students physical fitness, physical education teachers can design programs that are more targeted and effective, and more attractive to both male and female students. This is important to create an inclusive learning environment and support the active involvement of all students. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the advantages and disadvantages of the Hop, skip, and jump race and Running Over Hurdle games, both of these games have a significant role in developing childrens physical fitness. Hop, skip, and jump race tends to focus more on developing basic motor skills such as coordination, leg muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance. This game is effective for children who need to improve body balance and coordination between eyes and feet. On the other hand, running over hurdle is more effective in improving agility, reaction speed, and skills in controlling body movements when running and jumping over obstacles. Games involving obstacles, such as running over hurdle, tend to have a positive effect on the coordination and reflex abilities needed in many sports activities. However, both hop, skip, jump race and running over hurdle have the potential to develop a healthy competitive attitude in children, because both are usually carried out in the form of a race or competition. This competitive nature, if properly directed, can help students learn about the values of sportsmanship, cooperation, and the importance of hard work.

This study aims to map the development of research in the field of library tourism over the past decade (2014-2024) using bibliometric analysis. Data was collected from Google Scholar using the Publish or Perish application, where metadata was stored in RIS format and analysed using VOS viewer for visualisation. A total of 21 articles were identified, covering key aspects such as publication trends, influential authors, journals, institutions, and thematic patterns. The results showed fluctuations in library tourism research trends, with a significant increase in the number of publications in 2023. The main themes found include library-based tourism destination development, visitor satisfaction, and the role of libraries in community empowerment. Terms such as development, destination, and satisfaction emerged as dominant keywords, reflecting the focus on developing library tourism as a unique cultural and educational experience. The visualisations also revealed areas that could be further explored, including the integration of innovative technologies and more in-depth community-based approaches. This research provides a comprehensive overview of the field, identifies research gaps, and offers insights for the development of library tourism as a multidisciplinary research domain.

The problem of law in research is how to change FSAs objectives and duties in the Law on Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector. In Law No. 4 of 2023 concerning the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector. The research results show that there is no change in the objectives of the Authority Service Finance—amendment-shaped changes and additions. Changes and Additions are shaped first. Additional FSAs duties in the FSA Law consist of 3 significant elements, while the PPSK Law consists of the 7 great elements of sector finance. Second, the arrangement of FSAs duties consists of 1 verse in the FSA Law, whereas in the PPSK Law, the FSAs duties consist of 2 verses. Verse 2 states that the Financial Services Authority, in its job, carries out development sector finance and coordinates with ministry/agency and authority-related. Changes and additions to provisions about FSAs duties show function law that looks forward as a social engineering tool. This research is a type of normative research

As an integral facet of urban culture, museums act as guardians to showcase our historical and cultural heritage and embody the profound soft power that enriches urban identity. Weifang, an important prefecture-level city in Shandong Province, has many historical and cultural resources. In light of the rapid expansion of the cultural industry, museum development in Weifang has made remarkable advancements in recent years. Nevertheless, amid intensifying competition within the cultural marketplace, discovering pathways for the museums innovative development has emerged as an urgent challenge warranting our focused attention. This paper utilizes the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis framework to delve into the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with innovative museum development in Weifang while proposing relevant countermeasures and recommendations to foster sustainable growth for museums within this vibrant city.

Proficient reading comprehension is a fundamental ability to acquire language acquisition in English language learning. However, the level of reading comprehension among students in Indonesia remains inadequate because of paper-based learning methods. Integrating game-based media in teaching reading comprehension can hold great potential for enhancing reading comprehension. Thus, the studys objective was to address whether QuizWhizzer, a game-based learning platform, can impact EFL students reading comprehension skills. The research employed a quasi-experimental approach, utilizing both experimental and control classes. This research recruited 45 seventh-grade students from a private Junior High School in Surabaya, selected using purposive sampling. They were assigned to the control class, which consisted of 23 students, and the experimental class, which consisted of 22 students. Data were collected through a standardized reading comprehension test consisting of 30 questions. The pre-test and post-test data were analyzed using inferential statistics, specifically an independent sample t-test. The findings indicated that QuizWhizzer successfully enhanced students reading skills. It was demonstrated that the post-test average score of the experimental group was 82.45, whereas the control group was 75.52. The 2-tailed significance value was 0.023, below the threshold of 0.05, meaning there was a notable difference in post-test scores between the two classes. Ultimately, utilizing QuizWhizzer media effectively improved students reading comprehension abilities significantly. The integrated digital tools that align with learning objectives can positively impact reading comprehension, particularly for students in middle school grades. The interactive and engaging nature of QuizWhizzer could help mitigate some of the challenges associated with digital reading environments. Therefore, it is advised that future researchers pursue this research to examine students attitudes regarding learning with QuizWhizzer media.