This article devoted to etymological analysis of the word gr?¯hma in the holy book Avesta of the religion Mazda Yasna (Zoroastrianism). Attempted to search for different etymological meanings and transformation of the gr?¯hma and its plural (?) form gr?¯hmo, which had took from the indoevropian stem and refleced on the uzbekian g‘aram (gharam), and persian giromi.

Online language learning has become a household term after the Covid-19 pandemic which has played havoc all over the world. To avoid disruptions in educational activities, the education providers, mainly at the tertiary level, switched to virtual learning using different platforms. This study investigates the strengths and weaknesses of online language learning from the perception of ESL students and their instructors and pays attention to the occurrence of teacher-student interaction in online classes at a Sri Lankan university called the South Eastern University of Sri Lanka. A preliminary survey with a larger number of students was followed by a concise online survey with a part of those students. Discussions were held with the volunteer students and selected instructors were met personally for interviews. At the end of the discussions, written submissions were obtained in response to open-ended questions from the students and instructors. The findings revealed that students preferred to have traditional learning due to the reasons connected to their cognitive development and prevailing technical issues in online learning. Instructors also preferred traditional learning to online learning. However, both students and instructors felt that students performance anxiety was lower in online classes that induces them to have teacher-student interaction. It was also revealed that only those students whose language proficiency is higher involved in interaction while others remained passive irrespective of online or traditional classes. Hence, future studies are needed to investigate how students anxiety influences students involvement in classes and the pedagogical training needs of the instructors.

The establishment of Law No. 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System was driven by two aspects, those are restorative justice and the diversion attempt. Those two things aims towards out of court settlement revolving around juvenile criminal cases, as well as recovering losses suffered by victims and rehabilitating the juvenile delinquent. Child imprisinment is only used as the last resort. Therefore, it is quite reasonable to consider Litmas recommendation of not imprisoning children. However, this may not always be the case. This paper will then analyze the reasoning on why there still many recommendations from Bapas Community Advisors in the social research reports that are not considered during the prosecution process. This requires9psearch is a normative research completed by analyzing secondary data. This study explains that there are still many recommendations in Litmas that are not considered at the prosecution stage.

Based on its advantages and providing a big part of total energy in the country, natural gas lies in a prominent place among other energy sources. Making cognition and accurate identification of practical elements on the volume of periodic (short and long) demands on natural gas can help us outline suitable plans and policies related to energy. By this view, practical items on natural gas demands had been evaluated. The ARDL pattern with distributed interruptions and ECM model was employed to investigate the function of demands on natural gas during the years from 1976 to 2013. The result proved all coefficients of variables in short and long periods. The natural gas price ratio confirms a contrary relation between natural gas demand and its price in the short term. This ratio in the long-term shows a direct connection between them. Related results to the electricity price ratio show that the electricity price variable has the most positive effect on natural gas demands . Related results show that natural gass long-term price and income strain are more than short-term ones. Also, results show that natural gas in short periods is a non-strained and necessary commodity. Being non-strained in the short-term results in a lack of efficiency of price policies. So, releasing the price of natural gas can prevent unnecessary consumption of this valuable fuel. Price strain of natural gas in long spans proves that natural gas is a complete strain commodity. This fact is based on why there is some replacement for natural gas, such as electricity and gasoline, for long periods. The minus behind income strain shows that natural gas in the long-term is as low stuff. Intersecting the price of electricity in short and long-term investigations is positive and shows a substitutional relation between electricity and natural gas. The negative intersecting strain of price of kerosene shows that natural gas and kerosene in both the short and long-term are complementary. Also, the gasoline price ratio confirms the complementary relationship in the short-term and substitutional relation in the long-term between natural gas and gasoline.

Over time, the study of the victimizer concept indicates the evolution of this concept and the emergence of four different tendencies in this field, which have been created in response to the offenders needs. These four tendencies are 1- general victimizer, 2- criminal or reciprocal action, 3- critical victimizer and 4- legal victimizer. The fourth approach, the new method of the victimizer, aims to investigate the characteristics of the victimizer, the pattern of the victimizer, and the repetition of these patterns to achieve the criminal seminally. Rush to the aid of homicide investigations, police and detectives. Forensic victimizer against theoretical principle is an applied principle. This stage of victimizer by adopting a new approach of misdemeanours while examining the normative and individualized offenders specific offences, drawing all the patterns of victimizer and discovering a list of comprehensive characteristics of the offender such as physical, biological, mental, social, educational, occupational and personality characteristics during the victimizer While estimating the criminality of the offender, it tries to create comprehensive standards for faster detection of similar crimes and also by identifying hidden and suspicious models of victimizer to help prevent crime. This approach by collecting preliminary information and forming a conscious profile for the victimizer is deliberate parts of the puzzle of personality, age, social, economic, cultural, etc. It also solves the victimizer, and considering and interpreting the statements and experience of certain offenders scientifically is trying to answer the questions.

This paper examined how the second tier of government in Nigeria has been able to promote agriculture and food security through its programmes and policies using Rivers State as a paradigm. This responsibility is captured in the concurrent list as provided in the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. It adopts the political systems theory as its theoretical underpinning. Primary source of data were used through interviews of principal officers from the Rivers State Ministry of Agriculture, as well as Rivers State Sustainable Development Agencys Songhai Initiative. The study observed that within the period under review, the administration embarked on various agricultural programmes. Amongst other recommendations is the need for continuation of programmes and policies of successive administrations, as well as the need for more proactive measures in the execution of public policies for efficient service delivery.

Automobile industry is one of the competitive industry in the world. The companies should be flexible to provide customers demand. They need a good strategy to be flexible, agile is the best strategy for this problem. Supply chain is one of the important part of manufacturing, in the automobile industry they should have a good suppliers to answer any change in the product line. In Iran the suppliers of Automobile industries have a problem to be flexible and fast to answer the product lines change. In this study, the important factors for agile supply chain in Iranian Automobile industries introduced. This factors selected based on experts opinion and analyzed by fuzzy Delphi method. The results indicated that Daily P.O.S feedback is the important factors for Iranian automobile industries.

Bangladesh is eminent in a very difficult situation regarding the Rohingya refugee crisis and their repatriation, and it practices balanced diplomacy, while her neighboring countries remain silent on the Rohingya problem. Bangladesh, as a host country for 1.1 million Rohingya refugees, faces environmental deterioration in terms of shelter, sanitation, and water management, among other things, due to the destruction of forest and hills. It must repatriate the Rohingya to their motherland in order to do this. This research looks at common long-term responses to the refugee crisis in Bangladesh, as well as the attitudes and behaviors of displaced Rohingyas. It claims that finding long-term solutions for Rohingya refugees through repatriation, integration, or resettlement in their home, host, and third countries is nearly impossible, but there are geographical as well as global challenges. In this case, there is a chance of repatriation in the immediate future, but it would be a small population relative to the total number of refugees. Since Bangladesh and Myanmar have been working together in a joint working group (JWG) since January 2018 to find solutions to the Rohingya crisis and repatriation, this process is still ongoing. This research aims to depict the potential challenges of repatriation of Rohingya refugee from Bangladesh.

The Moral principles of Jaina Philosophy indicate that this philosophy represents the practical application of an ideal life. The systematic moral discipline laid down by Jaina Philosophy lights up one person from the common level and makes him enabled of knowing and practicing truth through a highly moral and spiritual course of conduct. Jainism is said to be based on the three basic principles known as ‘Ratnatraye’ or the three Gems ( right belief, right knowledge and right conduct). Jainism is a system that has taken up the path of non-violence for ages and is still applying this ideal to mankind’s practical life in the contemporary age. It lays emphasis on the practice of the principles of non-violence in every individual from which it is evident that its ultimate goal is the well – being of mankind and social improvement. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyse how the ethical principles of Jaina Philosophy is relevant to present time situation in maintaining peace and harmony in the society. There is no denying the fact India is a Lord of spiritualism. The Upnishada, the Gita, the Bhudhist Tripitakas and the Jaina Agams – all these regard spiritual realization as the highest object of human life. In these works, ethical utterances are intertwined with spiritual expressions. Ethical knowledge is the base of humanity. It is the root of human value. Today, when the mind set of people has been polluted of illegal activities, the question– what is morality is surprisingly found to be forgotten by the society. The human race has remarkably become crooked, engulfed in unlawful deeds like injustice, enmity, malice etc. Here comes the relevance of the discussion on ethical knowledge most befittingly during this time in the world. The endless treasure of vast knowledge that had once been designed by the ancient Indian monks, enlightened with the incessant worship of wisdom, is considered an invaluable asset in the field of world ethical knowledge through the ages. Through this paper a modest effort is being made to have an insight towards the ethical lessons prescribed in Jaina Philosophy.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of cooperation between PT. PLN and private companies. The scope of his research is the provision of electricity infrastructure, which is one of the supporting sectors f or economic growth. The government is currently promoting this policy to meet the increasing demand for electricity. PT. PLN as a State Owned Enterprise (BUMN) is the implementer of government policies in terms of electricity that is still unable to meet the availability of electricity. Based on this, the government provides opportunities for the private sector to participate in the business of providing electricity for the public interest by utilizing Renewable Energy (EBT). The findings of this study are that electricity is generated through power plants owned by private companies and the result is that electricity is sold to PT. The research was carried out in a normative juridical manner with data obtained from electricity and tariff regulations, literature books and journals, public-private cooperation contracts. The results of this study are the application of the principle of economic equilibrium in the Power Purchase Agreement contract between the Government, namely PT PLN (Persero) and the private partnership.

Emergency medical services in Indonesia are still constrained by implementation in the field with unanswered all of the communitys expectations, due to the ineffectiveness of the regional apparatus or institutions that are their duties and functions, from the problems that exist can take the question of how Fire Officers can become part of the Health Workforce and whether Fire Officers can carry out medical emergency measures, especially basic life support, which is then the benefit of this article if further review will be able to provide input to parties in determining the extent to which the position, role and authority of Fire Officers in medical emergency services in the field with an approach The theory of policy formulation, responsibility and legal certain, in addressing this issue the method or methodology of research using legal normative research methods with a prescriptive nature in research located at Jakarta Fire And Rescue Department, and in managing data using secondary data in the form of document studies and a combination of interview methods in order to get the maximum possible results, from the results of the discussion it turns out that some discrepancies are found in ordering existing laws and regulations that do not refer to the above rules. There is a juridical malfunction resulting in confusion over the authority of the Fire Departement in its practice and irregularity in the supervisory agency, in this case the Ministry that houses the Fire Departement, which must be rearranged all existing laws and regulations which are in charge of the Fire Departement.

This research aims to analyze several things, namely: 1) analyze pthe policy procedure of the Head of the Education Office in increasing understanding of the Islamic Scriptures in the State Elementary School of South Labuhanbatu Regency. Then 2) analyze the implementation of the policy of the Head of the Education Office in increasing understanding of the Islamic holy book at the State Elementary School of South Labuhanbatu Regency. Furthermore, 3) analyzing the performance of the Head of the Education Office in increasing understanding of the Islamic holy book at the State Elementary School of South Labuhanbatu Regency.This research is qualitative. The process of extracting data holistically, either by means of in-depth interviews with a series of questions, observations in the form of observations, and collection of documents with the aim of obtaining correct and valid data.There are 3 (three) findings that became the result of this research, namely: 1) The procedure for formulating the policy of the Head of the Education Office in increasing understanding of the Islamic holy book, which is in accordance with PP. 55 of 2007 and Regional Regulation Number 10 of 2015 concerning Improved Understanding of the Holy Book of Islam in South Labuhanbatu for regional efforts through religious education in order to encourage local governments through religious education to create people who have noble character, have noble character, have basic knowledge and skills religious basis. 2) Implementation of the policy of the Head of the Education Office in increasing understanding of the Islamic holy book at the State Elementary School of South Labuhanbatu Regency starting in May 2018 by coordinating, monitoring and evaluating teachers. Al-Quran literacy educators consist of teachers who are graduates of Islamic Religious Education and those who are not from an Islamic education background with a record of being able to provide lessons to students and have a pesantren background with the approval of the Ministry of Religion office of South Labuanbatu Regency. Teachers who teach must comply with the syllabus provided by the Education Office of South Labuhanbatu Regency. 3) The Performance of the Head of the Education Office in Increasing Understanding of the Islamic Scriptures at the State Elementary School of South Labuhanbatu Regency by controlling the performance of educators in increasing understanding of the holy book and together with the respective school principals to supervise educators in improving the holy book of the Quran in South Labuhanbatu. Every month, educators receive an honorarium of Rp. 1,500,000 from the South Labuhanbatu Regency government and are given training every six months and all honorary teachers use the syllabus provided by the South Labuhanbatu Regency Education Office.

COVID-19 has been declared as a pandemic, an epidemic of a disease that spreads so widely across the world. Thus the Malaysian government has enforced the Movement Control Order (MCO) effective 18th March 2020 to curb the spread of the virus which includes the closure of all educational institutes. In order to ensure that all teaching and learning process (T&L) continue smoothly, the Teacher Education Institute or locally known as Institut Pendidikan Guru (IPG), has adopted the online T&L platforms to deliver lessons. This study was conducted to identify the IPG lecturers perspective of student teachers online learning level during the pandemic. It also explores the support required by the lecturers in implementing online T&L. This study used a quantitative approach which is supported by qualitative findings. The sample of the study were 806 IPG lecturers who were given questionnaires in the form of 5-point Likert Scale items and open ended questionnaires. The finding of the study indicated a high level of students learning with mean scores exceeding 4.0 for all items where the highest mean was for the item students attend online classes (mean=4.49, SD=0.77). The qualitative analysis of the open ended questions showed that IPG lecturers needed support in the form of internet access, guidance and training to utilise the online platforms for T&L, and technical and moral support to help increase students level learning. The results of the study implicate that both the lecturers and students need to strive harder to familiarise themselves with this new situation and to ensure that the online T&L runs smoothly and effectively

The background of this paper is inspired and triggered to observe and study the legal uncertainty between the public prosecutor and the convict/his heirs regarding the authority to submit a PK Application as regulated in Article 263 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code. The article states "the right of the public prosecutor" to apply for a PK application. However, what is expected by the Petitioners wife is that Article 263 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code can be interpreted in this way, "PK applications can only be filed by the convicted person or their heirs". This condition was exacerbated by the issuance of the Constitutional Court decision Number 33/PUU-XIV/ 2016 regarding "the right of the public prosecutor to file a PK application in a criminal case". This study aims to determine the application of extraordinary legal remedies by the public prosecutor and the implications of implementing these extraordinary remedies. The research method used is normative legal research. The results showed the application of extraordinary PK legal remedies for the public prosecutor after the Constitutional Court decision Number 33/PUU-XIV/2016, had direct implications for the Petitioner and his family. This implication is detrimental to the Petitioners constitutional rights based on Article 28G of the 1945 Constitution because the protection of personal, family, honor and dignity has clearly been lost. It is better if the Constitutional Court reaffirms the legal principles in the article through constitutional interpretation which is an integral part that is not separate from the article in question and is able to provide fair legal certainty.

This paper was primarly concerned with the expansion of Protestantism and culture change among the Gedeo people. It attempted to document the coming of branches of Christianity and their methods of expansion and the conversion of the people. Special emphasis is given to examine the impacts of expansion of Protestantism on the Gedeo traditional culture. The researcher employed qualitative paradigm; primary data were collected by formal and informal interview, document analysis, the use of oral tradition and secondary sources such as reports, journals and electronics media. Finally, the collected sources will be cross-checked and analyzed by using content narrating and descriptive method. Based on the study findings and analysis, it is deduced that, in the study area, before the introduction of Christianity, most of the people practiced indigenous belief known as Maganno, literally meant the “Sky God”. Mainly, the research reveals that Christianity arrived among the Gedeo before a century ago, following the conquest of the area by Emperor Menilek’s force. Protestantism expanded in the area by convincing method of donations and often by pulling factors that attract the people from traditional religion to Protestantism. The then general contextual background: political oppression, low economic status, lack of infrastructures, the event of epidemic and other world historical incidents have contributed to the peoples active conversion to Protestantism. The mass conversion of the people resulted in creating new spiritual orientations, which brought hollistic change, including the missing of indigenous cultural practices. Accordingly, the Gedeo indigenous culture was changed in many aspects: social customs, material cultures, oral literature and verbal arts or oral performance.

There are various criminal acts or tax violations that can be punished to criminal sanctions. Hence, by the publication of the Criminal Procedure Code, abbreviated as KUHAP, a pretrial is formed to maintain the orderliness in the investigation and protect the suspect against the actions of investigators and public prosecutors that violate the law and harm the suspect. This research aims to find out and examine normatively the pretrial institution that has the authority to examine and adjudicate the application for termination the investigations submitted by the suspect. Also, to determine juridical considerations as the basis of the petition for the pretrial authority cases against the applications for termination of investigations submitted by the suspect. This research is a normative juridical research. The conclusion is obtained that pretrial is the authority of the district court to examine and make decision according to the method regulated in this law, regarding the legality of an arrrest and / or at the request of the suspect or his family or other parties on the power of the suspect and the legality of the termination of investigations or prosecution on requests for the sake of upholding law and justice. Furthermore, based on Article 50 of the Criminal Procedure Code and Article 4 section (2) of Law No 48/2009 concerning on Judicial Power, Article 50 of the Criminal Procedure Code and Article 4 section (2) concerning on Judicial Power that give the suspect or defendant the right so that his fate is not suspended and obtains legal certainty.

The development of technology and digitalization in Indonesia in recent years has been very rapid. In the era of technology disruption, every industry must be ready to adapt to face dynamic changes. The banking industry inevitably has to adapt to existing technological developments. Unfortunately, the developments are also followed by the growth of various frauds in banking. In response to this, Indonesian Financial Services Authority namely Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) demand banking industry to improve the reliability of Information Technology infrastructure. Several recent cases of mislaid customer funds show several loopholes in the existing banking security system. Customarily, customers who experience similar cases have reported the matter directly to the police authority, which in turn having extensive investigation process. In this paper, authors try to explain the role of OJK in improving the issues settlement, including by improving the banking system. Data is collected from a series of major cases of embezzlement in Indonesian banking and also from Financial Services Regulations to see the role that could be improved. The main conclusions are to report any irregularities to OJK in the first place instead to the police because Financial Services in Indonesia already has its own supervisory agency, and there needs to be massive socialization to customers regarding the reporting mechanism.

The Law on Health does not explicitly explain mediation in resolving a dispute between a doctor and a patient, so there are still many disputes that go directly to litigation, so the number of cases piles up in court. The method used in this paper uses a normative legal type method, with a statutory approach, using primary legal materials, by collecting data by literature study, then analyzed using qualitative methods. Disciplinary sanctions imposed on violations of physician discipline as stated in Law No. 29 of 2004 article 69 in the form of a written warning, revocation of the registration certificate or practice license, and the obligation to attend medical or dental education.

This article discusses important sources about the Timurid family tree. Historical events by the author year after year (Although the historical data in the source are covered in a periodic sequence, a number of historical data are repeated in the text, in some cases the periodic sequence of months and days being overlooked by the author. This situation makes it necessary to study similar historical data in comparison with other written sources.

The rapid growth of e-commerce, unfortunately, has not been supported by the improved services. Customers complaints have not been handled properly, due to the lack of non face-to-face communication. In the other hand, customers express their complaints in various ways, such as the assertive way. 317 respondents were collected as a sample of this research, who are B2C online customers in Indonesia, experienced service failure in the last 6 months, submitted a complaint and received a response. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze. This study proved that there was a positive influence of communication justice on post-recovery satisfaction. However, assertive communication did not influence the post-recovery satisfaction. This research also proved that post-recovery satisfaction has a positive effect on online repurchase intention. This research is expected to contribute to marketing science, and practical contributions are given.

This study is carried out with the main objective of focusing on the analysis of the adaptation of Facebook in the hotel industry of Vietnam and verifies the importance of hotel presence on Facebook for communication with their consumers. This study was conducted through two studies that include a survey of Facebook users and a review of hotel presence on Facebook. The results from this study presented the importance of Facebook in the communication between hotels and their customers in both the presence of that network, as well as the ways used to communicate with their consumers. In addition, this study also will be established the foundations for future research related to the use of social networks in the hotel sector.

The main problem discussed in this study is about legal protection for aviation consumers in which the airline did unlawful acts against consumers. The method used in this study uses a type of normative legal research, with a statute approach and case approach, using primary legal materials by collecting data on a library research base, then analyzed using qualitative methods. In the first and second level decisions, the judge rejected the passengers claim because according to the judge, the lawsuit that should have been filed was a default and not unlawful acts lawsuit, while in the Supreme Courts decision, the judge granted the passengers claim that the lawsuit was unlawful acts. In this case, the Supreme Court had properly implemented the law in accordance with the consumer protection law and the aviation law.

Ensuring social order and security in general and religious areas in particular is the most important task of governments at all levels and the entire political system in each locality nationwide. Nghe An province, V?etnam is a locality with many religious followers. For recent years, in general, religious organizations in the province have built the orientations of their religious activities under the law, built all-people great unity bloc, maintained political stability, created a great motivation in economic and social development. Currently, in the context of the world, regional and domestic situation, there are many complicated and unpredictable developments, many new problems in religious activities, therefore, its required that the government and the whole political system of religious area needs to bring into full play their roles to ensure social order and security, especially religious security issues.

A corporation is an entity or legal subject whose existence makes a major contribution in increasing economic growth and national development, but in reality, corporations sometimes also commit various criminal acts (corporate crimes) that have a detrimental impact on the state and society. A corporation can be considered to have committed a crime based on the actions of a person who controls the management of the corporation. PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Company) as a state-owned company in recent years has been in the spotlight. PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Government company) is unable to fulfill its customers maturity policy obligations of around Rp 12.4 trillion. The default of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Government company) actually occurred in one of its flagship products, the JS Saving plan. JS Saving plan is a life insurance product as well as an investment offered through banking or bancassurance. In contrast to unit-linked insurance products where the investment risk is borne by the policyholder, the JS Saving plan is a non-unit-linked investment whose risks are fully borne by the insurance company. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of corporate responsibility in the case of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Government company) and to determine the optimization of corporate responsibility for the perpetrators of corruption at PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Government company) in returning losses to the state and customers (the public). The type of research used in writing this thesis is a normative legal research type. The results obtained are that in the corruption case that occurred at PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Government company) there were several perpetrators who were charged, one of which was Heru Hidayat who is the main commissioner of PT Trada Alam Minera who also manages and controls corporations involved in criminal acts. Corruption Deviations in Financial Management and Investment Funds by PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Government company). Heru Hidayat as one of the main actors in the corruption case has now been sentenced to life imprisonment plus a replacement money of Rp 10.73 trillion. Meanwhile, the corporations that have been accused are 13 Investment Manager Companies which have been transferred to the Corruption Court at the Central Jakarta District Court and are currently in the trial process.

This descriptive study ascertained the perceived personality traits of school administrators and its relationship to teachers performance in public elementary schools in the district of Estancia, Iloilo. The respondents of the study were the ninety (90) purposively selected public elementary teachers from the district of Estancia, Iloilo during the school year 2017-2018. A researcher-made questionnaire which was validated and reliability tested was used. The results revealed that the school administrators had strong personality traits as perceived by the respondents, when taken as a whole and when classified as to age (above 30 years old), sex, civil status, length of service and highest educational attainment. However, those who were 30 years old and below perceived that school administrators have very strong personality traits. In terms of school administrators physical traits, teachers perceived school administrators to have very strong physical traits except for those who aged above 30 years old and masters degree holders who perceived school administrators to have strong physical traits. In terms of school administrators social traits, teachers perceived school administrators to have strong social traits except for those who aged 30 years old and below who perceived school administrators to have very strong social traits. In terms of emotional traits and moral traits, teachers perceived school administrators in both aspects to have strong emotional traits and strong moral traits in all categories. The teachers in the district of Estancia, Iloilo had a very satisfactory performance when taken as a whole and when classified as to age, sex, civil status, length of service and highest educational attainment. Results further revealed no significant differences in teachers performance in the district of Estancia, Iloilo. Moreover, no significant relationship between the school administrators personal traits and teachers performance was found.

The state is responsible for protecting the entire Indonesian nation through the implementation of housing and settlement areas so that people are able to live and live in decent and affordable houses in a healthy, safe, harmonious and sustainable environment throughout Indonesia. Article 28H paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution stipulates that everyone has the right to live in physical and spiritual prosperity, to have a place to live, and to have a good and healthy environment and have the right to obtain health services. Then Article 28H paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution states that everyone has the right to have private property rights and these property rights may not be taken over arbitrarily by anyone. The research method used is empirical juridical research, which is to see the extent of the governments ability to provide housing for the poor. As for the results of the research, that the implementation of government programs in meeting housing needs for the poor, where the government has launched several programs, which include the construction of flats, special houses, assistance for the construction of infrastructure, facilities and utilities, housing financing assistance, and self-help housing stimulus assistance. Even though there have been many programs, not all residents have a decent place to live.

Human Rights are those rights which are inherent in our nature and without which we cannot live as human beings. The sad fact remains that despite the guarantee of human rights by the Constitution of Cameroon and international treaties, the female half of humanity remains subject to distinctive and continuous forms of abuses, injustice and violence as well as to an enormous range of legal disabilities and discrimination. Our findings revealed that most of the abuses against the women in Cameroon are perpetuated under customary law by the men who see themselves more superior than the women. These abuses take the form of domestic violence and torture, the refusal of the right of inheritance, control and ownership of landed property, ignoring of the woman’s right of consent before marriage, infant betrothal, shaving of hair and sleeping on the floor by a widow after the death of the husband, female genital mutilation and above all, asking a widow to drink the water that was used to wash her husband’s corpse in a bid to prove her innocence that she did not killed her husband. We consider all of these dehumanizing moreover as the woman ceases legally to be a person upon her marriage. Her personality is thus submerged into that of her husband and she becomes the husband’s property. The life of women is thus unfulfilled in many ways and they have accepted this as the natural way of life. There is thus a need for change. This is possible through a careful study and implementation by Cameroon Government of the recommendations that have suggested in the write-up.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in the Regional Water Company of Minahasa Regency (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum/PDAM) whether it is following Government Regulation Number 54 of 2017 article 92 concerning Good Corporate Governance by referring to the GCG policy instrument by the National Committee on Governance Policy in 2006. Research method: the researcher uses descriptive qualitative research, data collection techniques: interviews, observation, documentation. In-depth interviews were conducted with logical questions based on guidelines, interviews were conducted with strong intimacy, and the researcher appreciated the value of interviews as a data collection tool. Data analysis techniques: qualitative data analysis with data reduction, presentation, and data verification. Research Results: Transparency, Accountability, Responsibility, and Independence as well as Fairness, have been carried out formally, only Fairness has been implemented optimally. Recommendations from researchers are to provide independence in tariff adjustments, refine policies, cultivate GCG principles, and restructuring

The therapeutic transaction agreement is an agreement between a doctor and a patient which is a legal relationship. Therefore, it gives birth to rights and obligations between doctors and patients which have the potential to cause medical disputes between doctors and patients (malpractice). There are two ways to process medical dispute resolution, namely litigation (through court) and non-litigation (outside court). The litigation process is costly and time-consuming, and often results in one party being the winner and the other party being the loser. The protracted process in court causes a lot of sharp criticism of the judiciary when carrying out its functions, therefore it is necessary to improve the judicial system towards being effective and efficient, especially in medical disputes between doctors and patients. So the medical dispute mediation route between doctors and patients can be an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) that is more effective and efficient. The purpose of this study was to analyze the elements of a therapeutic agreement based on contract law in the Civil Code. And Analyzing mediation as an alternative to dispute resolution of therapeutic agreements for doctors and patients. To achieve this objective, research was conducted using normative juridical legal research methods. So this research approach uses the Statute Approach or research approach to legal products, by examining all laws and regulations related to what will be researched.

The Malaysian government strongly encourage the application of new techniques in building construction such as the Industrialized Building System (IBS). With this new IBS technology, numerous advantages will be obtained and will directly raise the performance of the building. However, the acceptance of IBS in Malaysia is still low. There are many components of IBS. The objective of this paper is to describe the Interlocking Mortarless Blocks System (IMB) and to identify the challenges in the utilization of the mortarless blocks system in housing construction. This research was carried out in Ipoh, Perak, with a focus on housing construction projects. Questionnaire was provided for the respondents to answer. The data was analyzed using the descriptive analysis from the SPSS software. The result revealed that one of the challenges is contractors who tend to use traditional construction method rather than the Interlocking Mortarless Blocks system method. The usage of Interlocking Mortarless Blocks in Malaysian is still low as there is no specific standard on Interlocking Mortarless Blocks system. Therefore, the findings of this research can hopefully assist Malaysian contractors in making a decision on the component to be used in their projects. Additionally, the findings ensure that the government can take appropriate action to encourage the use of IBS, especially the Interlocking Mortarless Blocks

One aspect that plays an important role in the performance of irrigation systems is the institutional division of irrigation areas authority covering the authority of district/municipality, provincial and the central government. This study aimed to assess how the institutional division of irrigation areas authority affect the performance of irrigation systems, to reclassifies the standard of performance index of irrigation systems, to analyze the status of irrigation system performance in 6 districts/municipalities in the semi arid region of Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara based on their authority and mapping of spatial diversity. This study used descriptive statistical method through the performance index of irrigation systems in 6 districts/ municipalities. This study concluded that the status of the irrigation system performanceof 6 districts/municipalities in the semi arid region of Timor Island increased along with the level of irrigation systems authority. The best Status of the performance of irrigation systems in 6 districts/municipalities was Malaka District Irrigation System, the performance tended to be better in the irrigation system under the authority of central government that administratively placed in one district/municipality (non cross district irrigation system). Based on the analysis of the status of irrigation system performance in 6 districts/municipalitiesin Timor Island, a specific step for each district/municipality to adjust the location characteristics with policies can be taken to overcome irrigation systems problems in the semi arid regions of Timor Island.

so far, in the regulations for the establishment of Fire Department institutions contained in the Jakarta City governor regulation number 264 of 2016 concerning the organization and work procedures of the Fire Department of Jakarta, it is stated that one of the tasks of the Fire Department, especially in the ranks of the city/regency sub-dept, mandates fire investigations. or it can be interpreted as a fire investigation, but after the authors have reviewed so far from various sources that have the results of questions and answers and their experience there are still many limitations of civil servant investigators to carry out investigations in the pre-investigation stage and until the fire investigation process, these limitations are generally related to the protection of civil servant investigators themselves and their authority in full processing in investigations. civil servant investigators are certain civil servant officials based on statutory regulations appointed as investigators and have the authority to conduct criminal investigations. the results of this study are expected to provide input to the parties in determining the extent to which fire investigation arrangements are based on statutory provisions, and position in the function and role of civil servant investigator of Fire Department in the process of investigating fire occurrence. so that every time a fire occurs, fire officers must be able to carry out fire investigations and not be carried out by other agencies. therefore, it is very necessary to have a law that regulates the duties, principals, functions, and responsibilities of Fire Department institutions and does not depend on other institutions to carry out fire investigations so that the cause of the fire is not only guesswork but is based on an investigation of facts at the scene of the case.

This article discusses the formation of musical literacy of primary school students in extracurricular activities. This article is an excerpt from the textbook “Music Literacy for Primary School Students” about the minutes of music literacy in primary school classes “Music Culture” and the purposeful use of interactive, interactive methods, the formation of musical impressions and the necessary knowledge, skills, abilities in music, taking into account the psychological and physiological aspects of teachers and students in the organization of music clubs, competency building, 34-hour music literacy or lessons are taught step-by-step, from simple to complex, and ways and means of achieving musical literacy through the efficient use of time are shown.

Undeniably, the spread of COVID 19 pandemic has badly affected many sectors, and education is not the exception. It has led to the temporary closure of most educational institutions and the remarkable rise in online learning worldwide, where teaching is undertaken remotely and on digital platforms. The paper mainly aims at identifying challenges that teachers faced when teaching online EFL classrooms. The participants of this study are 6 teachers of English Department of Ba Ria – Vung Tau University (BVU) who have been teaching English language for years. The data was collected by using tool of questionnaire made online by using Google form. Descriptive method is employed to establish the existence of challenges; quantitative analysis method is used to analyze the data. The findings of the study reveal that many challenges faced by EFL teachers related to their lack of proper training for doing online class and related issues, lack of computer and digital technology competency, lack of time for online course design and online test preparation as well as students learning facilitation, motivation and interaction. Some recommendations, therefore, are also presented in this study.

Classroom interaction is obviously of crucial significance to English language teaching and learning. Many language teachers and researchers have made great efforts to find out ways to create interactive classroom environment that involve both teachers and learners contributions during the whole process of teaching and learning. The study was conducted to explore classroom interaction in an English foreign language class. Questionnaire and classroom observation were used for data collecting. The results showed that the students participated more actively in reading lessons. Moreover, they developed a positive attitude towards classroom interaction and classroom interaction strategies. The findings demonstrated that increasing students motivation, designing interactive reading tasks, and applying appropriate techniques for classroom interaction facilitated and improved classroom interaction.

This article aims to investigate and identify gaps in the manufacturing system of world-class (WCM), In the auto industry and to establish the necessary adjustments to the systems in the organization using the critical performance analysis (IPA). This study presents a blend of the theoretical and practical framework as stated in the literature study and integrates the experts viewpoints. The critical characteristics of Iran Khodro Companys world-class production system were defined. Then the essential elements for improving the companys world-class production system were defined and addressed utilizing critical performance analysis (IPA). Performance Analysis was used to acquire the gap analysis findings and identify areas for improvement (Importance performance analysis). Using this model system in world-class manufacturing in the Iran Khodro Company, assist the supreme managers and supervisors in identifying areas in the company that require improvement, and after implementing improvement measures in these areas, ensure the success of this systems establishment and ability to make the best decisions in the area of world-class production. Without a doubt, this article will be one of the most effective techniques for determining and analyzing organizational improvements and the development and implementation of WCM. For the experts, there will be a plethora of options

The purpose of this paper is to show how one common thing can make a huge difference in someones life and how in fact even though a lot of things seem to be misplaced or out of order, at the end of the day everything is just where it is supposed to be. We sometimes try and picture how everything would look like if we would have taken a different path. But who knows where that would have led us to? Life is an event filled with motion and is the pure fact that keeps us going. You either go with it or it takes over you...unless you find a way to stay ahead of it.

Banks and banking systems are among the most important mechanisms in the development of a countrys economy and the creation of favourable conditions for doing business. The internationalization of the banking business poses new challenges for the scientific community to find optimal solutions that reduce banking risks, strengthen national banking systems and improve banking technologies. Accordingly, today it is important to strengthen the banking system and its legal regulation in Uzbekistan. In this regard, it is important to analyse the development of the domestic banking system, including in terms of its legal support. This article investigates the banking system, bank services and their regulation in Uzbekistan, where the role of foreign banks is not sufficiently regulated and is not attractive for foreign banks. This study identifies the problems of further improvement and liberalization of banking legislation. The focus is on the lack of banking practices and legislation, and on the introduction of new foreign banks in the domestic banking services market. However, the development of the countrys economy and the involvement of foreign direct investments are impossible without a strong banking services market. It is noted that one of the important conditions for the development of a banking system in Uzbekistan is the formation of an effective mechanism of state regulation and improvement of legislation directed at creating favourable conditions for foreign banks to enter Uzbekistan’s domestic market. The article examines the implementation of international best practices in state regulation of the banking system and banking services that will serve to modernize the system of banking services, attract foreign investment in the banking sector, and harmonize banking legislation.

Research This study aims to review and analyze the legal protection of loan recipients in the implementation of financial technology. Changes in the financial sector today are fintech (financial technology), one of which is peer to peer lending. The proliferation of peer-to-peer lending-based fintech in Indonesia is often a problem, although on the other hand it is also an answer for people who need funding quickly and easily. Whereas against the rise of online lending (peer to peer lending), the government in this case is the OJK (Financial Services Authority) has taken various ways to protect the community and foster a good business climate, but the problems faced by the community still occur. The problem in this research is what form of legal protection is obtained by recipients of fintech peer to peer lending-based money based on the provisions of applicable laws and regulations? and how to increase the governments role in the implementation and development of fintech-based peer to peer lending services. The research method used in this research is normative juridical. The implementation of financial technology based on peer-to-peer lending has not gone well.

This descriptive quantitative study aimed to determine the managerial skills of integrated and non-integrated school heads in the Schools Division of Iloilo for the school year 2019-2020. The respondents of the study were the 62 integrated school heads and 62 non-integrated school heads of the Schools Division of Iloilo. The statistical tools used were the frequency counts and percentage, mean, independent t-test and One-Way ANOVA. Results revealed that when the integrated school heads were taken as an entire group and when classified as sex, age, civil status, and years of school head experience the managerial skills of the integrated school heads is in a “high range”. In terms of highest educational attainment, baccalaureate and masters degree revealed ‘high range” managerial skills, while doctorate degree showed “very high range” managerial skills. Results revealed that when the non-integrated school heads were taken as an entire group and when classified as sex, age, civil status, years of school head experience, and highest educational qualification the managerial skills of the integrated school heads is in a “high range”. There were no significant differences on the managerial skills of integrated school heads in terms of technical when they were taken as a whole and when they were classified according to sex and age.

The article considers a well-established approach for differentiation between scientific, formal (official business), journalistic, artistic, conversational, sacred (confessional), and oratorical functional styles in the contexts of polyculturality and polylingualism as significant backgrounds for teaching languages of specific purposes. It is stated that the determining criteria for all these functional styles are the sphere of social activity, type and established way of thinking, purpose, stylistic load of the units used to convey the meaning to the people. The effectiveness of journalism in the representation of mass communication across the geographies is manifested in the fact that its content is regularly found in the speech of the broadest segments of the population. However, modern linguistics encounters a number of unresolved issues of describing the polylingual mode of mass communication in expression of polyculturalism, which determines the relevance of this study. It is revealed that the communication driven polyculturality and polylingual effect of mass communication in modern journalism make one whole with the needs analysis and relevant terminology in instruction of Telejournalism as an LSP (language for specific purposes) in different languages. It is characterized how the panorama of communication driven polyculturality and polylingualism, as well as the journalism concept affect media communication. It is determined which are the stylistic possibilities of journalism in structuring, presenting and perceiving mass information in different cultures and languages, by covering the communicative aspects driven by polyculturality and polylingualism in modern journalism. It is also described that relevant language units are seen as a means of forming a language and communicative standard in journalistic texts, which can be adopted by future LSP teachers in educational settings for language instruction and acquisition in relation to terminology of journalism in different languages across the world. In the end, it is concluded what may be underlying for journalistic language in difeferent languages to constitute the polycultural communication driven framework rather than that of multiculturality; and to be advanced further in polylingual classes by future LSP educators.

The objective of this research is to identify the direct relationship of priciples roles in helping parents to improve students academic achievement. This research will focus on how school management through principle and teachers role towards four main aspects; parenthood, communication, home schooling and volunteerism that enable teachers to increase the students academic development. 100 standard six students at West Country Barat primary school were used as the sample for this research and questionnaire is used as instrument. All the data were processed using SPSS software to identify the mean score percentage frequency, Pearson correlation and One Way ANOVA. The findings of the research indicated positive significant relationship between direct roles of principles and teachers in assisting parent to improve students academic achievement in the aspect of volunteerism. Several suggestions were also made to improve principle and teacher’s role in assisting parents in improving the academic achievement in the aspect of communication, parents and home schooling.

This article is mainly focused on what is happening with university structures, at least in the aspects related to the pedagogy of gender, specifically transgender, provided to pre-service vocational students. Universities are hyper-regulated spaces in which, in an invisible way, there are spaces of censorship in the production of knowledge and the selection of topics of interest for research and learning. Vocational teacher formation has constituted a whole scenario of being, in which the gender diversity and especially Transgender is not contemplated. Initial teacher education in Colombia seems to be monolithic. Teaching education does not include topics or contents that deals with gender, least Transgenderism. The monolithic construction of who supposed to be “The English teacher” is an evident problem in the initial vocational teacher formation. Teacher formation is dis-gendered, denies not only the existence of “genders” but moreover the existence of Transgender “individuals” in classroom. This article traces back the meaning attributed to transgenderism in particular teaching practices, specifically in vocational training classroom, from some previous studies until ELT teachers and students beliefs, thoughts, perceptions, and interpretations about transgenderism. Additionally, by looking into elements that have been left unattended or unsaid in previous works concerned with gender, the integration of transgender teachers & students personal and professional experiences will be an ally ship not only on how to intervene when transphobia occurs, but also in the consolidation of the future transgender teachers’ identity.

Equality involves ensuring equal opportunities for all and that individual merits are given equal weight, without any discrimination. The principle of equality demands giving equal values to those who appear before the law. Now the recognition of principle of equality before the law entails that everyone is entitle to effective protection against discrimination and also to enjoy human rights without discrimination. Women in Kurdistan, just like women elsewhere in the world, can lay claim to the right to equality before the law, to freedom from discrimination and to certain economic, social, and cultural rights. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and examine how womens legal and civil rights are protected and to identify the extent to which the domestic legislation correspond to Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women. The findings of this paper are that some laws have been amended to accommodate equality for women while others are still carrying the relics of the discriminatory laws and attitudes against women.

This descriptive study aimed to track the employment status of GEP graduates of NIPSC through the use of a tracer study form the office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs of the College. The data were analysed using frequency counts and percentages. The study revealed that the GEP graduates were all employed, their status of employment were all permanent, they were receiving a monthly salary of Php20, 000 and above and their current jobs were related to their field of specialization regardless of program, sex, and age. Furthermore, 50% of the graduates of MAT program were supervisors, 8% were school heads, and 42% were classroom teachers. In the MAEd program, 34% were supervisors, 38% were school heads, and 28% were classroom teachers. As to the Ed.D program, 40% were supervisors, 50% were school heads and only 1% comprised the classroom teaching. The result suggests that the completion of their MAT, MAED, and EdD degree had been a great help to the graduates. It became an instrument for them to get promoted, to gain greater confidence, and feel secured of their tenure as teachers.

This study investigated the relationships among managerial leadership, transformational leadership, and performance of school administrators of Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College (NIPSC) through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Covariance-Based SEM (CB-SEM), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with its default Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) were used to test the hypothesized model that managerial leadership covary transformational leadership which were both related to the school administrators’ performance. Results revealed that of the eight alternative models, two equivalent models, one model generates every probability distribution that can be generated by another model, Model B3 and Model D3 were generated, got the smallest Alkaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayes Information Criterion (BIC) indicating that both models had relatively better fit. Model B3 and Model D3 have the same degrees of freedom but feature a different configuration of paths among the same variables. However, of the two equivalent models, model B3 was rejected due to discriminant validity concerns while model D3 passed both measurement model and structural model, model D3 was confirmed and retained. As contribution to the fields of education, management and leadership, the researcher confirmed and recommends, through CB-SEM using CFA with its default MLE, the Managerial Leadership and Performance as fully mediated by Transformational Leadership Model.

This study determined the communicative competence of the college English language teachers of Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College (NIPSC) in the 5th District of Iloilo through a researcher-developed instrument which had undergone validity and reliability testing. Utilizing mixed method approach and with forty-five (45) English language teachers who were chosen through complete enumeration, result showed that the respondents level of communicative competence in the areas of grammatical, sociolinguistic, strategic and discourse was “very good”, while the extent of their English language exposure was “sometimes” for the 95.56% and “always” for only 4. 44%. There was no significant relationship between the respondents’ number of years in teaching, written language proficiency, relevant seminars and trainings attended and all areas of communicative competence. Among the four areas of communicative competence, grammatical and sociolinguistic competence had significant relationship with their oral language proficiency and discourse competence had significant relationship with highest educational attainment. There was no significant relationship between their communicative competence and extent of English language exposure. There was no significant difference between the level of communicative competence of the respondents when they were grouped according to campus. The following factors were perceived to contribute to their communicative competence: the practice of the English language inside and outside the classroom, exposure to mainstream media, experience as English teachers, inherent intelligence, seminars or trainings attended, while the extent of their language exposure was perceived to be influenced by time, attitude or preference of the teacher, environment, teaching load, co-workers and students. Based on the result of the study an action plan was proposed to improve the efficiency, competence, and performance of the English language teachers at the College.

The Malaysian government strongly encourage the application of new techniques in building construction such as the Industrialized Building System (IBS). With this new IBS technology, numerous advantages will be obtained and will directly raise the performance of the building. However, the acceptance of IBS in Malaysia is still low. There are many components of IBS. The objective of this paper is to describe the Interlocking Mortarless Blocks System (IMB) and to identify the challenges in the utilization of the mortarless blocks system in housing construction. This research was carried out in Ipoh, Perak, with a focus on housing construction projects. Questionnaire was provided for the respondents to answer. The data was analyzed using the descriptive analysis from the SPSS software. The result revealed that one of the challenges is contractors who tend to use traditional construction method rather than the Interlocking Mortarless Blocks system method. The usage of Interlocking Mortarless Blocks in Malaysian is still low as there is no specific standard on Interlocking Mortarless Blocks system. Therefore, the findings of this research can hopefully assist Malaysian contractors in making a decision on the component to be used in their projects. Additionally, the findings ensure that the government can take appropriate action to encourage the use of IBS, especially the Interlocking Mortarless Blocks