The aim of the present study is to discuss one of the first episodes of the Greek War of Independence that took place in the Aegean Sea in 1822, which ended at the devastation of Chios Island and the defeat of its inhabitants. In this framework the organization of the campaign is examined, the course of the military operations and the final outcome. The importance of the study lies in the fact that it examines the events not in the light of the local history of Chios island but in the broader context of the Greek Revolution and the impact the events had on European public opinion.

If there was a referendum in Mozambique today, an overwhelming majority of the people would vote against their government having anything to do with the current model of democracy. They know all too well that there has definitely been a considerable welfare reduction to them as a result of the way this thing called “Representative Democracy” has been being played out in their country during the past decade. There is no doubt that the overwhelming majority of the Mozambican people if not, most African governments would prefer to see fundamental changes in their countries’ relations with this Western model of democracy. There is a virtual consensus among the general public, vocally expressed in the local media, as well as among officials, who naturally prefer putting forth their views in more private settings, that the relationship between citizen and the democratic institutions has been detrimental to the country, that far from helping it to become politically and economically viable, these institutions have been capitalising on, exacerbating and perpetuating Mozambique’s crisis. The research was based on participant observation, and it also involved a bibliographic review of relevant documents in the area of political participation, philosophy and other documents such as the 2004 Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, Mozambican legislation, reports and research already published by other organizations.

Developments of technology brings out various types of digital financial innovations. Nowadays, we live in a cashless society, where transactions using cash money are minimized. Payments are currently made with electronic money, whether classified as e-money or e-wallet. This research focuses on the security issue of the e-wallet system, considering that there are still various cases of fraud in Indonesia, that result in the loss of the users e-wallet balance. This research is a normative juridical research that uses secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, such as various relevant laws and regulations, and secondary legal materials (books and legal literature). The approach used are statutory approach and conceptual approach. Indonesian law has regulated the obligations of e-wallet providers to ensure the security system of user accounts. In the event of a cyber fraud case that results in a loss of balance, the provider plays a role in responding to consumer complaints, and providing explanations regarding the cause of the loss of balance. Cyber fraud perpetrators are criminally responsible based on violations of the Electronic Information Transaction Law.

The paper aims to analyse the perception of the Chinas national image on Vietnam social media through a case study of VnExpress Online News. The study surveyed 901 articles with topics related to China from January 1, 2019 to December 31st, 2019 based on using content analysis and case study methods. The results show that the social media plays an important role in shaping Chinas national image in Vietnam. Chinas national image is received by the Vietnamese public both positively and negatively. The perception of Vietnamese public is more negative than positive on social media.

The purpose of this research was to understand the perceptions of parents on the difficulties of children in language development and speech when they also have hearing impairments. The research focused on three cities in Kosovo, Gjilan, Prishtina and Prizren. Respondents of this research are 60 parents of children with hearing impairments, of the mentioned high schools. The questionnaire measured the opinions of parents regarding the topic we have for research, primary schools in the municipalities of Gjilan, Pristina and Prizren that are participants in this research. This questionnaire included 29 questions. In conclusion, it is understood that the lower the level of hearing in children, the lower is the development of language and speech in children, p <0.01, r = -531 **.

This study aimed to analyze the legal efforts of conflict resolution in the Cash on Delivery system in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. As will be discussed in this research is the development of e-commerce in Indonesia, payment systems in e-commerce in Indonesia, and legal efforts of conflict resolution in the Cash on Delivery systems in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. This study used normative juridical research methods and research data used were secondary legal data consisting of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Based on the results of the study, it is known that e-commerce in Indonesia is developed rapidly, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Besides the development of e-commerce followed by the development of electronic payment systems in Indonesia, one of them is the Cash on Delivery (COD) system. However, this system creates a conflict between the parties involved in the electronic transaction. Legally, there are two ways of resolving conflict can be put forward, including non-litigation, which is done to achieve peace between the parties involved in the conflict, and if peace is not reached, legal remedies can be taken in litigation by the Buyer by taking civil law action because the Seller has defaulted as regulated in Article 1243 of the Civil Code. In addition, the Buyer can also take criminal litigation efforts by arguing that the Seller has committed a criminal act of fraud as regulated in Article 378 of the Criminal Code in conjunction with Article 28 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law. However, criminal litigation is carried out as a last resort in law enforcement or as an ultimum remedium.

The term lndo-Anglian is used to denote original literary creation in the English language by Indians. Today there are a large number of educated Indians who use the English language as a medium of creative exploration and expression of their experiences of life. Their writings have now developed intoa substantial literature in its own right and it is this substantial body of literature which is referred to as Indo-Anglian literature.

The problem of undernutrition is a threat to the development of a child. The role of family is critical in chalking the developmental trajectory of an undernourished child. This study explores whether the interpersonal relations among parents and home environment predicts the undernutrition in children. Findings reveal that interpersonal relationships, socioeconomic status, and partner violence significantly predicted child’s nutrition (R2=.403). The undernourished children were less closely attached to their mothers and their mothers were significantly less satisfied in their marriages when compared to the healthy children. The study has implications for designing and implementation of nutrition-sensitive intervention programs for malnutrition.

This study aims to find out and analyze law enforcement against health protocol violations during the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia and to find out and analyze the application of sanctions for health protocol violations committed by the community during the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This research was conducted by using a normative juridical research using a statutory approach, a concept analysis approach that is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that law enforcement against violations of health protocols during the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia is carried out based on statutory regulations, by conducting Community Activity Restrictions (PKM), Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) as a form of law enforcement against health protocol violations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia through socialization in preventing the spread of the COVID-19 virus and Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) by imposing sanctions on violators. However, law enforcement against health protocol violations has not been implemented properly. This is because there are still violations of health protocols carried out by the community.

Studies conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Economic Development and Cooperation Organization (OECD) has shown that the prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide and has become a serious health problem. The Body Mass Index (BMI), which is a commonly used height-weight index to classify overweight and obesity, is calculated by dividing body weight by the square of height (kg/m²). Psychological factors and sociodemographic characteristics are supposed to affect BMI under current living conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between BMI, used in the classification of obesity, sociodemographic characteristics, and various psychological factors in adult. A total of 5,902 individuals (aged 39 and over) completed Sociodemographic Information Form, Body Mass Index Evaluation Form, and Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised, Brief Symptom Inventory, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Personal Well-Being Index-Adult Form. Utilizing hierarchical regression analysis, obesity and overweight were associated with educational status, number of cigarettes, number of children, negative self in both genders. Obesity and overweight were also associated withpsychiatric distress, alexithymia, and avoidant attachment scores in men. Obesity and overweight were associatedalso with alcohol use, somatization, and positive affect score in women. The results of the study reveal the importance of understanding the factors affecting obesity and addresses the problems in a multidimensional way. However, more studies are needed to better understand the factors associated with obesity in Turkey.

This descriptive study aimed to determine the level of reading comprehension among 323 randomly selected Grade 11 learners from the academic and TVL tracks of Estancia National High School, through the use of a researcher-made instrument which had undergone validity and reliability test. Result revealed that when taken as an entire group, the females, the academic track Grade 11 learners, those with post graduate parents were “good” in literal and interpretive levels while “fair” in evaluative level. The males, the TVL track Grade 11 learners, those with elementary education parents were “fair” in the three levels. Those with high school education parents were “good” in literal but fair in interpretive and evaluative levels. Those whose parents had tertiary education were “good” in all three levels of reading comprehension. There was a significant difference in the three levels of reading comprehension when Grade 11 learners were classified as to sex and track. There was a significant difference in literal and evaluative levels when Grade 11 learners were classified as to parents’ highest educational attainment but no significant difference in interpretive level. Among the three levels, it was in the evaluative level that the Grade 11 learners barely passed. Based on the result of the study an instructional material was developed.

English language assessment should be aligned with teaching objectives; therefore, if the teaching goal is that English learners are able to use their target language in their real life, the learners language performance should be assessed. By analysing the course syllabi, grammmar tests and teacher interview, this study aims to investigate the assessment of grammar courses of four tertiary institutions in Vietnam in connection to Purpura s (2014 & 2005) grammatical assessment theories regarding assessed grammatical ability aspects, test tasks and grammar assessment approaches. The results should that (1) only learners grammatical forms and semantic meanings are assessed; (2) Selected-response task types and The Discrete-Point Approach are mainly used to assess learners.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between psychological contract, employees loyalty and organizational trust. Moreover, the study clarified the moderating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between psychological contract and employees loyalty. Finally, the study shows the mediating effect of organizational trust on the relationship between psychological contract and employees loyalty. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on questionnaire method distributed on employees working at a private education institution; which is Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT). Findings – Results based on a structural equation modeling for data analysis indicated that psychological contract has significant effect on both employees loyalty and organizational trust and there was a significant relationship between Organizational Trust and Employees Loyalty. Furthermore, the significant moderator role of organizational culture and organizational trust. Practical implications – The findings are important to enable decision makers to Studying this topic will lead to necessary understanding of the root cause of psychological contract violation in the Egyptian environment, enable organizations to build and maintain the necessary mutual trust with employees. As well as open, the research field to others to study the variables and other aspects that contribute to maintaining the success of the organizations and institutions operating in Egypt. Research limitations– The primary limitation of this study is the scope of its sample.

Khu Tru Mat is one of the important rural policies issued by the Government of the Republic of Vietnam (1955 - 1963). Through this policy, Khu Tru Mat was established in many strategically located areas in the Mekong Delta. Accordingly, the Vi Thanh - Hoa Luu area was both an important intersection in the transport connection system and a strategic political-military position of the Government of the Republic of Vietnam in the Mekong Delta. Therefore, the implementation of the Khu Tru Mat policy in the Vi Thanh - Hoa Luu area was not only the goal of building a strategic political and military area of the Government of the Republic of Vietnam but also had a great impact on the rural face here. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of the Khu Tru Mat policy on the spatial change of residential areas in the rural areas of Vi Thanh - Hoa Luu by exploiting the values from the data source at Vietnams National Archives in Ho Chi Minh city. The research results not only provide important references but also orient some historical experiences for contributing to the strategic planning of socio-economic development in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam today.

To strengthen Human Security in border areas, the state must pay attention to many things. Various aspects of security continue to be carried out by looking at the multiple sources and potentials that exist, but it is undeniable that there are still many human insecurities. Regulatory potential such as government programs carried out as a form of follow-up to policies made by the Central Government based on the Law on the Protection and Security of Fishermen, Fish Cultivators, and Salt Farmers. To provide opportunities for small and traditional fishers to also be able to take advantage of marine products optimally so that they cannot compete with other fish entrepreneurs. Government policies are essential for the community in shaping human security in the Paloh border area, Sambas Regency, Indonesia. The role of the government and young activists is very much needed for the development of existing or new businesses. Governments that have policies in empowering fishing communities can make it easier for fishing communities to develop correctly.

The article analyzes the concept of an inappropriate defendant in a civil process, and the conditions for their replacement, its features, approaches expressed in the legal literature on this issue, as well as the legislative experience of foreign countries. As a result of the analysis, proposals were made to improve the national legislation defining the concept of an inappropriate defendant in civil proceedings and the procedure for their replacement..

Haor is a well-known wetland feature in Bangladesh because of its dynamic ecosystem which is changeable with the seasonal variation. The majority people of the community are critically dependent on the haor. This paper attempts to analyse the provisioning ecosystem services of Aral Haor of Sylhet District, their changes and why the changes occurred during the last 30 years since 1990 to 2020 through community assessment. The papers argues that the community based approach integrates the local people to reveal the actual scenario of the livelihood dependency on the provision ecosystem services as they are the main user of the provisioning services. Thus the primary data were collected through observation, FGD, Community Mapping and interview with experts. The study found that community the service providing area of the Aral haor have not been changed in mentionable level over the 30 years, however the shape of the haor have been changed slightly due to high sedimentation. Along with rice cultivation during dry season, natural irrigation, fishing and bird nesting were most important to provisoing services to the community which have been changes due to both natural and anthropogenic activities. The study concludes that even having importance of the Aral hoar, not any measurer has been taken by local authority to conserve the Aral hoar ecosystem services those are very vital for the livelihood of the thousands of community people living nearby.

This paper discusses how the notion of “ideal femininity” is understood in the Indian context. I propose the term Sati Savitri aurat (woman) to describe this ideal image of an Indian woman. The paper argues that the modern Sati Savitri woman must embody three values that make her truly an ideal Indian woman in the eyes of society. Those values are modesty, marriageability and silence. The combination of these values makes an Indian woman socially respected and desirable. These themes reverberated when I asked my interview participants, 10 female journalists from diverse age groups, about the concept of an ideal Indian woman. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with these women journalists and their ideas about formulation of the concept of “ideal Indian woman” were recorded and analysed. In this paper, I categorise their responses into the three values (modesty, marriageability and silence) and thereby propose that the embodiment of all these values constitute the modern Sati Savitri, a prototype for middle-class Hindu women. By proposing this concept of Sati Savitri, a Hindu mythological idea, I argue that respectable norms for women’s sexuality are located within the discourse of Hindu nationalism and culture.

Currently, the community must make adjustments to the new conditions that are being faced. People have started adaptation by implementing new life habits called "new normal life". The urgency of saving in the face of the new normal is very important to help the recovery and growth of the Indonesian economy. In a public health emergency, people are more willing to save money than spend it, which is not conducive to economic development and recovery. Our research will provide advice on how to have a better understanding of financial behavior during a pandemic. This analysis aims to provide good knowledge of financial behavior during an emergency. Using a qualitative research approach, this study seeks to uncover what motivates women to save amid the limitations and obstacles they face. The results of the study found that there are three motivations behind women working formally to save. The first motivation is Children Education which explains that in the provision of part of the income they have is to prepare for the costs of childrens education. The second is emergencies which state that something that prompts to make allowances is to prepare costs for unexpected needs that cannot be controlled or controlled by humans. The third is related to religiosity, namely the need to perform the pilgrimage.

The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) has broad duties and authorities in the prevention and prosecution of corruption with the functions of investigation, investigation and prosecution. In Law Number 30 of 2002 Article 6 states that the Corruption Eradication Commission has the following duties: a. Coordination with agencies authorized to do eradicate criminal acts of corruption; b. Supervision of agencies authorized to do eradicate criminal acts of corruption; c. Carry out investigations, investigations and prosecutions of criminal acts of corruption; d. Taking steps to prevent criminal acts of corruption; and e. Monitor to the implementation of government. However, over time since its to establish, regulatory reviews of the KPK have continued to be carried out, given the increasing number of judicial reviews in the Constitutional Court regarding the position and authority of the KPK. Apart from the pros and cons, as part of the most important agenda in reforming governance in Indonesia, the presence of the KPK was motivated by the low level of public trust in law enforcement agencies (the Attorney Generals Office and the Police) at that time in eradicating corruption. On the other hand, especially during the 17 years of Law Number 30 of 2002, there have been many changes in conditions, so the revision of the KPK Law is deemed necessary to determine whether efforts to eradicate corruption are in accordance with the objectives of establishing the KPK. Whether the reason for evaluating and revising the authority of the KPK is seen as a form of strengthening or weakening the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), is the basis for this research being carried out.

This study examined citizens awareness of network marketing communication and its influence on hereditary consumption of herbal remedies. Two key objectives of the study was to investigate the citizens awareness of network marketing; and investigate the peoples assessment of the influence of marketing communication on their inherited consumption of herbal remedies. Consumer Perception Theory, Individual Differences Theory and Uses and Gratification Theory were combined to provide a wholesome platform for executing the research. A quantitative survey design using the questionnaire instrument was deployed in Alimosho and Ado-Odo Ota in Nigeria. Lusaka and Kabwe districts in Zambia. The two areas are metropolitan, industrial hubs; densely populated by people from different parts of the countries. 460 copies were distributed to a sample size relative to each country using the Taro Yamane formula. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select the countries, research locations within each country and the respondents. Designed questionnaire was applied successfully on 250 Nigerians and 196 Zambians. Results show a high awareness of network marketing communication of herbal remedies in both countries. A vast majority have consumed herbs at one time or the other without necessarily being influenced hereditarily. Nigerians and Zambians show more similarities than differences on the subject matter; prompting the recommendation of an African agency which would harvest and support the promotion of herbs in traditional Medicare.

Majority of the households in slums are female headed and have very low incomes. Survival for these women exposes them to illegal income generating activities including prostitution, hawking and making illegal local brews. This results in conflicts not just among themselves for competition over the shared resources but also with the law enforcement agencies. The study sought to establish the nature of conflicts prevalent in Korogocho slum, Nairobi Kenya. The study employed the Liberal Feminism Theory to conceptualize and analyze the nature of conflicts and focused on two ideals, equality and liberty to explain the consequence of the push factors leading women into slum life. The study respondents were women, local administrators and leaders, village elders, clinical staff and officers from Civil Society Organizations selected through simple random sampling procedure and purposive sampling. Data was collected using a standard questionnaires with both open and closed ended items. There was also a focused groups and key informants interviews. Quantitative data was exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) while qualitative data was thematically analyzed. Findings showed that most of the conflicts were: over competition for scarce resources. The conflicts resulted in physical battery. The slum vigilante groups led in the resolution of the conflicts with limited police intervention. Given that the groups were male dominated, women got little justice. The study recommends the need for the government and development partners to build inclusive community agencies to identify and respond to the common problems facing women in the slums instead of leaving the slum residents to solve them on their own.

The LGBTQ+ community has been mistreated socially, economically and politically in India. The discrimination they face stems from homophobic ideals within society that grow due to less education regarding the LGBTQ+ society. Queer people in India encounter issues with homophobia within society. While India’s LGBTQ+ related laws are moderately progressive compared to its neighbours, society is not as accepting towards the community. There are a lot of socio-cultural factors that cause these issues including history, religion and general societal norms. Moreover, due to the diverse urban and rural settings in India, the acceptance of the community is very different amongst different locations. The report includes multiple psychological theories in order to understand the reason behind why India has been moving so slowly in terms of accepting the LGBTQ+ community. The paper also explains India’s cultural factors to demonstrate how it influences the public. In general, I found that India finds comfort in establishing hierarchy and preserving group relations which is why I believe education and representation will have the most positive impact. Therefore, I proposed that the government implement educational and awareness programs as well as more representation in the media so that Indian society is more informed on what it means to be part of the LGBTQ+ community.

China, Japan and Ayutthaya (Thailand) are three countries located in Asia - a cultural, civilized and economic center of the world in history and at present. In the 16th - 17th centuries, building diplomatic relations and implementing foreign policies with Southeast Asian countries were always the concern of major countries in the region, especially China and Japan. In the foreign policy of China and Japan, Ayutthaya was one of the countries that had an important position and brought many economic and political benefits. On the contrary, establishing a good relationship with a powerful country like China and a country with a developed maritime trade like Japan would benefit Ayutthaya in many ways in international relations, expanding its sphere of influence as well as economic and political development in the 16th and 17th centuries. The article delves into the policies of China and Japan towards Ayutthaya (16th - 17th centuries) in order to clarify the similarities and differences in the regional policies of two major countries as well as the role and position of Ayutthaya in Southeast Asia during the pre-modern centuries.

The purpose of this study is to find out whether human resources (HR) practices in cooperatives in Bali have adopted Balinese cultural values. How Balinese cultural values are applied to HR practices in cooperatives in Bali has never been studied. The title of this research is Exploration of HR Practices Based on Local Cultural Values in cooperatives in Bali. The number of respondents 79 who are managers of cooperatives in Bali. The analytical technique used is statistical analysis techniques. The results of the study show HR practices in cooperatives in Bali have been implemented based on local Balinese cultural values with high criteria. It can be said that HR practices in cooperatives are in a strong category. The results of the identification of HR practices based on local culture which include (1) Dimensions of performance appraisal, (2) Dimensions of career development, (3) Dimensions of compensation, (4) Dimensions of training and development, (5) Dimensions of the selection process. Implementation of HR practices that are in accordance with Balinese Cultural Values, among others: HR practices contained in the concept of menyamabraya are reflected in the dimensions: performance appraisal, career development, and the selection process. HR practices contained in the concept taksu, namely in the selection and recruitment process, HR practices contained in the concept of jengah: Implemented in selecting and awarding compensation.

Maritime security issue has recently been becoming a hot global issue. Therefore, it really needs a global solution as stated by Vietnam Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh on the virtual International Conference “Enhancing Maritime Security – A Case for International Cooperation” held on August 9th 2021. Particularly, territorial disputes in the East Sea ‘Bi?n Ðông’ (internationally named as the South China Sea; in this paper, the author prefers using the East Sea), one of the most strategically geopolitical regions in the world, have become hotter and hotter recently. The East Sea is important not only to Vietnam’s socioeconomic development and national security but also to all countries in the Indo-Pacific region, including the United States. This paper aims to analyze the interests of both the U.S. and Vietnam in the East Sea towards the two countrie’s strategies of national security and economic development and maintaining the peace and prosperity for this region and the world.

This research intends to fill the gap in the literature by studying the impact of lagged real advertising expenditures on different perspectives of brand equity in the Egyptian context, which are: Firm-based and Market-based brand equity. The research follows the quantitative research-based approach, with the descriptive explanatory method. Secondary data was collected from firms financial reports of sixteen sectors for the period 2013 - 2020 to consider the effect of real advertising expenditures on firm-based and market-based brand equity models. Data was collected from 168 listed companies in the Egyptian stock exchange market, after deleting the financial institutions. The unit of analysis was the corporate brands and data collected was panel data analyzed using Eviews program – version 10, using GLS regression. Results showed that market risk significantly moderates the relationship between advertising expenditures and Firm-based and Market-based brand equity.

This study is a response to over concentration of media studies on media effect. Premised on the negligence of what personal experiences and social ties can do to media consumers. The study examined whether personal experiences stimulate the need for information among respondents; if personal experience of issues informs readership of local news in national newspapers; determine whether community attachment encourages exposure to local news in national newspapers and establish whether people who are more involved in a community read local contents in national newspaper more than those who are less involved. The study applied survey and FGD research methods using questionnaire and interview guide to gather data from 400 respondents purposively selected from a total of 1,554,095 residents of the study area. The community attachment and sense of community theories were used to provide theoretical background for the study. Findings revealed that personal experiences of an issue in a community involvement of the resident encourage the desire for media interpretation of the issues already known. Drawing from available literatures and field data from the study, the researcher equally found that the more closely tied and committed one is to one?s community, the more one desires to know about that community. The two null hypotheses tested and rejected provided more statistical support to the research findings obtained from the study.

Just like any other directly quantifiable natural or man-made disasters, contagious diseases have had long lasting effects on the economics and politics of the world throughout history. The COVID-19 pandemic, apparently, has led to a substantial upshot on the world economy, a complete tangible analysis of which still remains incomplete. In this light, it is essential to take a look back into the preceding pandemics and acquire knowledge on the subsequent socio-economic impacts. This research assesses some of the most infamous diseases and their impacts on economics through a systematic review of literature. Thereafter we evaluate the potential impacts of COVID-19 till date and probable ways of overcoming these impacts. In order to escape the vicious cycle of economic instability, it is essential to prevent scores of unemployment across various sectors through government support and policy interventions.

Since 1950, the war in Indochina entered a fierce phase, especially in Tonkin (Vietnam). Viet Minh forces, supported by China and the Soviet Union, cornered the French expeditionary army and lost many important bases on the battlefield. That is why the US has increased its support for the French army in the war and at the same time trusted a very talented General of the French army, General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny. Jean de Lattre de Tassigny went to Indochina to implement a strategy to reverse the situation of the French army with a series of effective military policies. The strategies of General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny caused many difficulties for the Viet Minh and the Indochina battlefield also had great changes. However, as his strategies were being implemented, he died in 1952 and the French army lost a man capable of turning the tide. The rise of the Viet Minh and the strength of the Vietnamese patriotism completely defeated the French army in 1954. This article refers to General Jean de Lattre de Tassignys strategy in Tonkin (Vietnam) battlefield, thereby clarifying his military policies in the first Indochina war.

This study empirically examines the family as the basis of social capital education. Furthermore, generations need social capital to grow and develop as moderate, tolerant, and caring characters towards humanist environmental issues. The main and fundamental task of the family is to conduct educational function, which is inherently social and religious in preparing generations. Therefore, it is necessary to have the right effort or approach to actualizing social capital for effectiveness. This helps develop a religious climate and form a pattern of behavior for each family member. Religion is used as an instrument that facilitates the internalization of social capital values in children and shapes their personality with a humanist character. Therefore, families significantly counteract radicalism in social life.

In Indonesia, the involvement of women in terrorism activities have been known as subtle until 2021. In this year of pandemic, a female lone-wolf’s attacking the National Police Headquarter has raised a question if women have taken more front-line roles without direction in terrorism attacks in the country. This study is aimed to investigate the risks of women involved in terrorism organizations in Indonesia. 30 women of the Islamic State (ISIS) and Jamaah Islamiyah (JI) were examined in this study. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze the data. The results show that the average risk score of women in terrorism networks in Indonesia is 3,21; which is at “high” risk. Furthermore, their terrorism Motivation and Ideology are both at “high” risk; while their Capability is at “medium” risk. The findings could help counterterrorism practitioners in planning interven-tion for women in terrorism movements.

This paper discusses what legally happened to TaxSlayer, LLC after a cyber break-in that occurred in 2015. The Federal Trade Commission sued the company, demanding that the organization institute robust cyber protections to ensure financial customer information security, confidentiality, and integrity. The article argues that the federal government’s actions were entirely appropriate, given its constitutional mandate to regulate commerce and protect the general welfare. However, with the relentless onslaught of cybercriminal activity, the steps demanded by the federal government may prevent, but not stop, the cybercriminal tide from rising, as King Canute observed many years ago.

This study focuses on types of feedback provided in second language writing in higher education and their evaluation in the light of students opinions. Data were gathered from 55 students who took English writing classes for 3 hours a week in an English preparatory program at a college in Turkey. Semi-structured interviews were used as data collection tools. Findings revealed that vast majority of students found meaning-focused feedback more motivational than form-focused feedback. Additionally, they preferred self-assessment to peer-feedback. The paper presents a discussion on feedback types in second language writing.

Since the early 1990s, the IWRM approach has been performing for improving the water sector through minimising the water crisis in Bangladesh. Therefore, Bangladesh has developed three pillars (e.g., enabling environment, institutional arrangement, management instruments, etc.) favouring IWRM to meet the desired goal. Despite the ability to adequately address the cross-cutting and multiple issues of the water sector of Bangladesh, the IWRM approach is getting more complex day by day because the steps taken under the pillars may not work correctly. Given above, an attempt has been made to analyse how the existing contradictions in IWRM pillars (designed by Bangladesh) affect IWRM effectiveness. Using document analysis and semi-structured interviews, this paper provides an understanding of existing inconsistencies of IWRM pillars and the necessity of enhancing IWRM pillars for increasing IWRM implementation effectiveness in Bangladesh. The implementation challenges of the policy networks (policy, plan, strategy etc.) and implementation networks (water projects) made to ensure enabling environment affect IWRM effectiveness. Institutional power and responsibility are not defined in the policy rules and regulations correctly, causing problems in the institutional arrangement, which has affected IWRM effectiveness. Database related issues about the management instruments are also responsible in this regard. Necessary strategies and measures as per network management are recommended to enhance IWRM tools by resolving irregularities and improving IWRM effectiveness in Bangladesh.

This study aimed to analyze the role of Bank Indonesia (BI) and the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) of the banking activities in Indonesia and to analyze the legal protection of bank customers. There are two issues discussed in this study, the first regarding the role of OJK and Bank Indonesia in supervising crime in the banking world and the second regarding legal protection for customers victims of savings accounts break-ins crime. The research method used was normative juridical, by studying and reviewing legal principles derived from library materials. The discussions that were discussed in this article were how the role of OJK and Bank Indonesia in supervising crime in the banking world and how legal protection is for customers who are victims of savings account burglary in Indonesia. The Otoritas Jasa Keuangan regulation (PJOK) also requires banks to compensate for losses suffered by customers. Article 29 PJOK Number 1/PJOK.07/2013 states "Otoritas Jasa Keuangan is required to be responsible for Consumer losses arising from errors and/or negligence, management, employees of Financial Services Business Actors and/or third parties working for the interests of the Financial Services Providers. Financial Services Business. Lawsuits that can be pursued through the courts can be in the form of criminal charges or civil lawsuits. Embezzlement of bank customer deposits may be subjected to Article 372 and Article 374 of the Criminal Code (KUHP).

This study aims to examine whether there is an effect of Lifestyle and Financial Literacy on the Consumptive Behavior of K-Pop Fans in West Jakarta. This research is based on several theories that support research related to Lifestyle and Financial Literacy. The data collection method in this study was a questionnaire filled out by K-Pop fans in West Jakarta, where from the topography of the population, this area is inhabited by many ethnic Chinese, who are very fanatical about K-Pop style, so that a sample of 100 respondents was obtained from a population of 100 people. The sampling technique in this study was saturated sampling by distributing online questionnaires and using a Likert scale. This research is a type of descriptive research using a quantitative approach. The analysis used in this study includes data instrument testing which includes validity and reliability tests. The classic assumption test includes the normality test, multicollinearity test and heteroscedasticity test. Multiple linear analysis test. hypothesis testing which includes the t-test (partial), F-test (simultaneous), and the coefficient of determination (R2). This test was performed using the IBM SPSS V25 application program. The results of this study partially have no effect on consumptive behavior and financial literacy partially affect consumptive behavior. However, the influence of lifestyle and financial literacy has a simultaneous effect on the consumptive behavior of K-pop fans in South Jakarta with an R2 contribution value of 69.7% and an Fcount value of 111,727. > Ftable 3.09 as for the most dominant variable influencing Consumptive Behavior is the Financial Literacy variable.

There are industries and professions which are perceived by the public as having undesirable characteristics that make them risky for consumers. These characteristics may exhibit themselves through the circumstances surrounding the use of the good or service, or they may be exhibited in the behavior of the professionals in the industry. In many cases, consumers are hesitant to interact with these industries for fear of having a negative experience. Lawyers, used-car salespeople, insurance salespeople, and politicians are good examples of industries or professions that consumers consider should be avoided when possible. Indeed these stereotypes are often perpetuated through television series, movies, and books. These stereotypes exist, at least in part, because consumers view these professions and industries as being risky for consumers. One particular industry stereotyped in this way and characterized by consumer mistrust is the used-car industry. Gallup s polls on the trustworthiness of professions show that Americans consistently rank car salespeople as one of the least trusted groups (Gallup, 2016, 2017, 2018).

In a company, leaders and employees are two things that are interconnected with each other. Both have an impact on the company, both positive and negative impacts. A leader plays a very important role in the process of increasing and maintaining the discipline, integrity, and performance of an employee. A leader also needs to determine his leadership style in providing direction and changes to employee performance. This study aims to determine the effect of transformational and transactional leadership styles on performance with discipline and integrity as intervening variables. Transformational change is measured through individual consideration, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation. Transactional speed is measured through contingent reward, active management, passive management. Discipline is measured by example, waskat, and firmness. Integrity is measured through honesty, consistency, commitment. Performance is measured through the quality of work, responsibility, cooperation. The method used is quantitative with a sample taken of 110 employees of the Telkom Group South Surabaya. The data analysis technique uses the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method using IBM SPSS and AMOS version 24. The results of this study indicate that (1) transformational leadership has a significant effect on discipline, (2) transactional leadership has no significant effect on discipline, (3) transformational leadership has a significant effect on integrity, (4) transactional leadership has no significant effect on integrity, (5) transformational leadership has no significant effect on performance, (6) transactional leadership has a significant effect on performance, (7) discipline has a significant effect on performance, (8) integrity has a significant effect on performance.

Teacher Professional Competence is effectd by individual factors, and outside the individual such as high and low culture in work so that it will have a good impact on the achievement of the teacher, work discipline and quality of work so that it makes the teachers Professional Competence better. Factors from outside the industry such as situational leadership from the principal who can communicate and empower teachers to create good teacher professional competencies as well as the schools own work culture that is able to improve the quality of their own work as well as the habits of teachers in relationships with co-workers. This research is correlational descriptive research with path analysis. The research sample was 103 teachers. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of Situational leadership (26 items), Professional competence (23 items), work culture (22 items) and work communication (9 items) which have been tested for validity and reliability. This research instrument was tested for validity and reliability using the product moment person correlation test. The research data was analyzed using path analysis to see the direct and indirect effect between variables, by first conducting normality, linearity, and homogeneity tests. The results showed that there is a direct and indirect effect between situational leadership on professional competence, through work culture and work communication. The data analysis of this study used jalur analysis (Path Analysis). The results showed that there is an effect of situational leadership on teachers professional competence through work culture and work communication, either directly or indirectly.

This research focused on students English language competence in watching Korean dramas with English subtitles. It investigated the advantages and disadvantages of watching Korean dramas with English subtitles and students English language learning in terms of language proficiency, reading speed in English, English communication skills, and English reading comprehension. This study used qualitative research utilizing a narrative approach to analyze the English language competence of the Senior high school students of Negros Occidental National High School who were enrolled for the Academic year 2022-2023. The participants of the study were chosen using purposeful sampling. Meanwhile, the data were thematically analyzed using the recursive textual analysis guided by the three Cs of Lichtman. The findings indicated that the students English language learning in watching Korean dramas with English subtitles has both advantages and disadvantages, such as subtitles flashing up too quickly and occasionally pausing the Korean drama being watched. Moreover, the results also show that students language competence in watching Korean dramas with English subtitles have influenced their learning of new English vocabulary words, speed reading, comprehension, and English language proficiency.

Kuda lumping is one of the traditional dances originated from East Java. A traditional artshow which uses magical powers and the main equipment are horse props made of buffalo leather or dried (tanned) cowhide; or made of woven bamboo which decorated and designed resembling a horse. Kuda Lumping are commonly called Jaran kepang, Jaranan, or Jathilan. The foundation of this creation process uses 3 stages of cration methods, which arethe exploration stage, the design stage, and the embodiment stage. The selected motif designsourced from the idea of a kuda lumping was created into a batik motif on womens casualclothing by applying a batik tulistechnique that usesremasol dyes. Batik tulisis batik madeusing the main tool of canting as a tool for attaching the malam into the clothing materials. Batik is used as a clothing motif, one of which is casual clothes. Casual clothing could be worn daily in a relaxed or informal atmosphere. It can also be adapted to the activitiesthat are being carried on, forexample any type of activities at home, college, shopping, even traveling. Batik with kuda lumping motif is then made into casual clothing by using remasol coloring which isred and green as the main colors. In thi creation process, produced casual fashion works based on batik kuda lumping motifs entitled Farious, Scism, Brave, and Smoulder.

The decrease in interest in choosing class 2 inpatient care was due to dissatisfaction in services provided which indicated theat such services were of less quality. This study aims to determine the relationship between service quality and patient’s interest in choosing class 2 inpatient care. This was an analytic survey study with a cross-sectional design. The population was all patients in class 2 inpatient care as many as 1970 people and the samples were taken using the accidental sampling method which obtained 95 people. Hypothesis test was conducted using the chi square test. The result showed that there was a significant relationship between the dimensions of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy with the patient’s interest in choosing class 2inpatient care.

Terracotta ceramic brick is a material with a long history in the life of the Vietnamese people, often used to build and decorate ancient architectural works with special techniques, visual arts, and decoration sharp. Over hundreds of years, although at present, the artifacts made from terracotta pottery are no longer intact on the ancient architectural works, they have still been kept as precious heritages, contributing to the formation of the imaging system. Unique statues and symbols in traditional Vietnamese architectural decoration art. Many designers have used traditional ceramic tiles to decorate contemporary architectural, interior, and exterior spaces to create a unique feature for each project. From the perspective of Fine Arts, Design, and a practical approach, the article aims to identify the characteristics, inheritance, and continuation of the artistic heritage of traditional ceramic tile decoration in architectural and interior design contemporary furniture in Vietnam, thereby proposing and suggesting some solutions to this problem.

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of principal instructional leadership and job satisfaction on Organizational Citizenship Behavior through teacher work motivation. This research is quantitative research with a path analysis approach. The study population was 159 teachers of Banjarbaru Islamic Private Junior High School with a research sample of 114 people. The data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of principal instructional leadership (21 items), job satisfaction (20 items), work motivation (20 items), organizational citizenship behavior (20 items) that have been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis of this study uses path analysis (Path Analysis). The results found that there was an effect of instructional leadership on OCB (0.592), job satisfaction on OCB (0.418), work motivation on OCB (0.674), instructional leadership on work motivation (0.747), job satisfaction on work motivation (0.339), principal instructional leadership on OCB through work motivation (0.503), work culture on OCB through work motivation (0.228).

The purpose of this study is to test whether there is an effect of compensation, competence and work environment on employee performance at PT Prestasi Retail Innovation throughout the Tangerang area. This research is based on several theories that support research related to compensation, competence,and work environment and employee performance. This study uses primary data. The sample in this study were employees of PT. Retail Innovation Achievements (Fisik Football) throughout the Tangerang area which weretaken randomly at three store locations in the Tangerang area, namely Summarecon Mall, Bintaro ExchangeMall and Tangerang City Mall. Research data obtained from the results of distributing questionnaires. After the data collection is complete, the research data is directly processed by conducting multiple linear regression testing to find out the results of the relationship of the variables studied using the SPSS V.25 application. This study succeeded in proving that there was a positive and significant influence of the Variables of Compensation, Competence, Work Environment both partially and simultaneously on Employee Performance at PT. Retail Innovation Achievement (Physical Football) throughout the Tangerang Region with a contribution value (R Square) of 76.4% and a calculated F value of 60.855 > from F table 2.78 while the most dominant variable influencing Employee Performance is the Competency Variable.

The emergence of various standard agreements in todays society is a serious question regarding implementing the principle of balance in these standard agreements. Such as the partnership agreement regarding the exploitation and use of SPPBE between PT Pertamina (Persero) and PT Rejeki Berkah Empat Putra (PT. RBEP), where the agreement was made unilaterally and needed to be analyzed regarding the implementation of the principle of balance. This legal journal aims to determine whether the principle of balance has been accommodated in the agreement on the exploitation and use of the SPPBE and legal protection for parties who only have to sign the partnership agreement made unilaterally. The implementation of the principle of balance in the agreement on the exploitation and use of SPPBE between PT Pertamina (Persero) and PT RBEP has not been fully accommodated because the agreement contains illogical provisions regarding the rights and obligations imposed on PT RBEP as the second party. The agreement contains an exoneration clause that is burdensome for one of the parties, namely the existence of provisions on rights and obligations that need to be revised, and the implementation of the agreement is also illogical because it does not fulfill the principle of objective good faith. Legal protection for parties who only have to sign the partnership agreement made unilaterally is based on the principle of good faith. So, the form of legal protection is to set aside the agreements contents in the form of cancellation of the agreement in which PT RBEP can file it with the court

The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges teachers face when teaching literacy skills among early graders, specifically kindergarteners and how the identified challenges impede their smooth teaching of literacy skills. The study employed ethnography design. Data was gathered through semi-structured interview guide. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample 12 participants for the interview. Data were analyzed using content and thematic analysis procedures. The findings from the study revealed that challenges teachers encountered were related to; large class size, inadequate instructional resources, insufficient in-service training, and continuous professional development programmes, learning disorders, and absence of supportive adults in the lives of kindergarteners. It was recommended that Shama District Education Directorate in collaboration with headteachers of the selected schools should organize in-service training for teachers to expose them to current trends in literacy instructional skills, train them on how to assist learners with disorders, and how to manage large class size. Again, Directorate of Education in collaboration with headteachers should organize Parent Association meetings and seminars to enlighten parents and community members on the need to support and participate in their children’s education.