After gaining independence, the Republic of Uzbekistan has implemented a number of articles and laws to enhance the status of women. These laws are of course aimed at protecting the rights of women. The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan On guarantees of equal rights and opportunities for women and men was adopted by the Legislative Chamber on August 17, 2017, and approved by the Senate on August 23, 2019.

This article analyzes the legal concept and essence of international arbitration. The authors analyses that int?rn?tion?l ?rbitr?ti?n is a legal process aimed at resolving disput?s between companies or individuals in different states, usually by including a clause in the contract t? r?f?r futur? disput?s to an int?rn?tion?l ?rbitr?tor. Analyses showed that there is arbitr?ti?n jurisprudence, which is an established method of int?rn?tion?l ?rbitr?ti?n consisting of decisions on certain types of cases and has become a source of legal norms in a number of areas, including issues of substantive law.

This article shows how to improve the research activities of future primary school teachers in the country, the organization of future primary school teachers using information technology in the educational process. In this case, we have been shown in various reports and documents that the future primary school teachers should have a subjective assessment of the situation themselves, rather than official data.

This article emphasizes that Alisher Navois work Makhbub ul-Kulub in the spirit of pandnoma is a work written in a mixture of prose and poetry. However, while existing research has interpreted this work as a work of prose, in some places there has been a reaction to existing research on the extent to which the poetic texts or passages in the work have been referred to one degree or another.

With the changing demands of higher quality teaching profession, especially the increasing trend of studying at private universities, many fail to produce desired effects, even when guided by organizational change models. Educational specialists, educators, academics, school administrators, and even scientists have all contributed to the development of change management as a significant concept. The purpose of this study is to apply Kotters 8-step model of change to educational administration of private universities in Ho Chi Minh City. Change efforts focus on enhancing faculty capacity to support diverse student success. The change process is planned using Kotters (1996) eight-step change model and is therefore a regulated, linear, sequential change process. The initial steps were reviewed, and the strategies considered workable. This approach enhances faculty acquisition and project success. Characterization of each step provides insight into ways to apply Kotters model of change in higher education settings.

This study discusses the principle of legality in criminal law from the perspective of fair law enforcement. The formulation of the problem put forward is how to regulate the principle of legality in current criminal law and how the principle of legality in criminal law is currently from the perspective of law enforcement that is just. The conclusion of this study is that the regulation of the principle of legality in criminal law is currently regulated in Article 1 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code which is the principle of formal legality, which requires an act committed to be determined as a criminal act if it is first stated in the legislation that valid at the time the act was committed, from the perspective of fair law enforcement, the legality principle in criminal law currently cannot be used as a basis for carrying out fair law enforcement, because in this legality principle it implies that an act is qualified as a mere criminal act. only based on legislation (written legal regulations). In the opinion of the author, that law enforcement that adheres to the principle of legality can only achieve legal certainty, but has not been able to realize justice. Justice should be realized through law enforcement which is not just formal justice according to the formulation of the law, but also substantial justice, namely justice that is truly in accordance with the sense of community justice based on the living law.

The Covid-19 outbreak has affected changes in various sectors of life. With this change, of course, every organization needs new strategies, scenarios and leadership and management patterns to overcome all the uncertainties that occur in the Covid-19 pandemic. Government agencies are required to adapt according to dynamic conditions, and must be sensitive to the dynamics of changes that occur including how the implementation of work from home is carried out. For this reason, this research was carried out with the aim to find out how the implementation of work from home of the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency (BP2MI) institution in the second year of the Covid-19 pandemic. The research approach used in this research is qualitative methods. The data was obtained through interviews, observations and documentation.

Myanmar is currently faced with conflicts mainly considered as crimes against humanity that require resolution sooner or later. The conflict in Myanmar is closely linked to ethnicity, creating a cycle of violence that continues to escalate without any possibility of diminishing. The inability of the state to address ethnic minority grievances or provide adequate security to communities has created a literal arms race among minority groups. More action needs to be taken to finally resolve the situation and crisis unfolding in Myanmar, and that is where countries in Southeast Asia play a very important role for conflict resolution. This research was carried out using qualitative method with descriptive analysis regarding to the situation that occurred in Myanmar, especially regarding the Rohingya crisis and the Myanmar Military Coup which was the focus of the research. The escalation of the humanitarian conflict and the deprivation of democracy by the Myanmar people, requires joint handling in order to avoid further expansion of the conflict. In this case, neighboring countries such as Indonesia have an important role as a driver of mediation in regional forums to resolve conflicts in Myanmar. ASEAN, as a diplomatic platform in the Southeast Asian region, must be put forward and reach a consensus for finally intervening in the Myanmar conflict, which is taking more and more lives. The United Nations with the principle of responsibility to protect can also play a role in overcoming the conflict, considering that the conflict has resulted in crimes against humanity that cannot be tolerated.

The study aims to analyze the influence of rice production, crop dry grain prices (GKP), rice consumption, per capita income and the number of people moderated by rice prices that impact on farmers well-being. This research method uses a quantitative approach with panel data. The study was conducted in West Sumatra Province in 19 districts cities with secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of West Sumatra Province in 2013 - 2019. Data analysis uses multiple line regression with panel data. Simultaneous and partial research results found that rice production, crop dry grain prices (GKP), rice consumption, per capita income, and population can have a significant and positive effect on rice prices in West Sumatra province. While the impact of rice prices has a significant and negative effect on the welfare of farmers in West Sumatra province. The price of dry grain harvest (GKP) is the main factor that affects the price of rice, where rice consumption is a contributing factor that affects the price of rice. Meanwhile, rice production, per capita income and population, is a variable factor of disruption, because rice consumption is influenced by income purchasing power and the number of family members,and in addition when viewed from the impact, the price of rice has a significant and negative effect on the welfare of farmers.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of an online live group program with Greek traditional dances on the self-esteem and anxiety of the participants. The research involved 147 people, 43 men and 104 women, aged 49,73±8,141 years old, members of Cultural Clubs. The participants were randomly divided into the experimental group (N=75) and the control group (N=72). The experimental group participated in online live group lessons of Greek traditional dances, through the online platform ZOOM, twice a week. Each lesson had a 45-minute duration and the program lasted 12 weeks, during the quarantine imposed due to COVID-19. During the same period of 12 weeks, the control group continued its daily life in quarantine. The participants in both groups completed the Heatherton and Polivy (1991) State Self-Esteem Scale to measure performance self-esteem, social self-esteem and appearance self-esteem, as well as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-FORM X-1 by Spielberger et al. (1970) for the measurement of state anxiety, before and after the 12-week period. The processing of the data showed that after participating in the online live group program of Greek traditional dances, the participants in the experimental group significantly increased their performance self-esteem (t=-7,75, p<0,001), social self-esteem (t=-5,23, p<0,001), and appearance self-esteem (t=-5,67, p<0,001), but they significantly reduced their state anxiety (t=7,33, p<0,001). Regarding the participants in the control group, after the 12-week period, the studied variables moved in the undesirable direction, as evidenced by the reduction in self-esteem factors and the increase in state anxiety. The results show that participating in Greek traditional dance group programs, which are conducted live online, affects positively the self-esteem and state anxiety of the participants. Consequently, during these difficult health times that the whole world is experiencing, participating in online live group programs of Greek traditional dance may improve the participants’ psychological state, offering at the same time the solution on the one hand to distance oneself from other people and on the other hand to come in contact with people.

One of the state apparatuses that are given the task and authority to carry out law enforcement is the Prosecutor. In carrying out its duties and functions, the prosecutor is organized in an Institution called the Prosecutors Office of the Republic of Indonesia or can be called the Prosecutors Office. The main task of the Prosecutors Office carried out by the Prosecutor is to prosecute criminal cases. In carrying out the task of prosecution, the Prosecutor is authorized to determine whether or not a case can be brought to court and what article will becharged. The authority of the Prosecutor in resolving criminal cases outside the court that makes the author more tendentious to conduct research. The problem with this research is 1). Bhow are the obstacles to solving criminal cases outside the court by the Prosecutors Office? 2). Is the settlement of cases outside the Court conducted by the Prosecutors Office in accordance with the values of justice? By using the type of normative juridical research it is known that: The Authority of the Prosecutor in the settlement of criminal cases outside the Court can realize the goal of law enforcement, namely justice, legal certainty and usefulness for the community. The settlement of criminal cases outside the court can also realize the ideals of a fast, simple and cheap judiciary and optimize the participation of the community in law enforcement.

The paper investigated the students perceptions of the use of CBT for the conduct of General Studies (GST) examinations in Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The study employed a descriptive survey design. All the 5600 undergraduate students who sat for GST examinations during the 20192020 academic session formed the population of the study. The Israel Model (2013) was used to determine 372 students as the sample size for the study. An instrument titled Students Perceptions of Writing CBT Examination (SPWCBTE) was used for the data collection. The instrument was validated, a pilot study was conducted, and a reliability index of 0.95 was obtained. Results from the study revealed that the students have positive views on the CBT examinations. Some of the problems confronted by students during the examinations, as indicated by the results, include system errors, login issues, and the slow nature of the systems during submission. The study concluded that the students have positive views of the CBT examinations in the university. It was recommended that the university management should be organizing presentations and workshops to promote the CBT system. Majors should be taken to ensure quality assurance and control of the ICT facilities during and after the conduct of examinations.

At a Western Pacific Region school district with six public high schools, district administrators implemented an educational technology training program (ETTP) to improve technology integration in the classroom as measured by the Effective Learning Environments Observation Tool, but there was no follow-up to determine how the teachers perceived the ETTP and to identify the experiences of teachers related to instructional technology after taking the district training. This basic qualitative study, guided by the technology acceptance model, addressed this problem in the district by exploring how the teachers perceived the technology professional development program provided by the district and the teachers’ experiences related to instructional technology after taking the district training. The purposeful sample included 13 Western Pacific Region high school teachers who were interviewed via Zoom. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to create codes, categories, and themes. The participants perceived the ETTP as helpful because they learned new tools and increased their confidence in using technology in their classrooms. Results showed that after completing the ETTP, teachers still needed content-specific technology training and continuous professional development. High school teachers expressed the need for these trainings to continue integrating technology using up-to-date technology tools. Rethinking science professional development is one potential form of social change.

Education is one of the essential components in developing a scholarly society capable of facing the demands and challenges of the twenty-first century. Education policy refers to the principles of government policymaking in the educational sector and the set of laws and norms that govern the operation of the educational system. It focuses on the effects of educational policy decisions and alternatives in the real world. It investigates the link between educational policy and practice. Even though our educational system has shortcomings, we are improving daily. Bangladesh is fully committed to the EFA goals, the Millennium Development Goals, and universal declarations. Every child between the ages of six and eighteen is entitled to free education under Article seventeen of the Bangladesh Constitution. As a result, the National Education Policy 2010 was created using the incremental model of one of the most used public policy frameworks. The government makes incremental public policy decisions based on earlier actions. All of the models functions are divided into distinct groups. Our educational system underwent significant changes over a long period. The incremental models important aspects are time progression and social demand.

This study discusses the factors that caused the Muna ethnic society to elope (dopofileighoo) at Muna Barat regency of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research needs to be carried out because of several reasons, such as: First, the tradition of elopement (dopofileighoo) at Muna Barat regency of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia has attracted the attention of many people, including the Muna ethnic society itself. Second, the factors that cause the Muna ethnic society to elope seem to be a very important and interesting topic to discuss. This study uses a qualitative description through the technique of interviews, observations, and document studies. The research data were analyzed descriptively, qualitatively, and interpretively. The results of the research showed that several factors that caused the Muna ethnic society to elope (dopofileighoo) tradition are as follows: (1) males parents wanted a big party, (2) one of the male’s or the females parents did not approve their marriage, and (3) the female has been pregnant before the marriage party.

After gaining independence, the Republic of Uzbekistan has implemented a number of articles and laws to enhance the status of women. These laws are of course aimed at protecting the rights of women. The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan On guarantees of equal rights and opportunities for women and men was adopted by the Legislative Chamber on August 17, 2017, and approved by the Senate on August 23, 2019.

The Constitutional Court (MK) issued Decision Number 25PUU-XIV2016 on January 25, 2017. This decision states clearly that the word can in Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 of Law Number 31 Year 1999 jo. Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption (UU Tipikor) is unconstitutional and lacks legal force. With the elimination of the word can, a person can only be said to have violated Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 of the Anti-Corruption Law if the persons actions resulted in real state losses, or losses of the nature of actual loss, and not to accommodate state losses that are still potential, or potential losses.

This study aimed to determine web-based teaching materials in the covid-19 pandemic time as implementation of technological advancements. The method used is literature study or literature review. A literature study is a research design used in collecting data sources related to a topic. It collects data for the study of literature using a database to search for literature sources. Data collection used the Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. From the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that the web or website is a site that contains various documents and information that can be accessed by individuals and groups using the internet. Because of its superiority in finding information, the website is widely used as a medium of communication, promoting business, and even learning activities. Through the website, the implementation of learning will be easier and more interesting. Students can access various learning resources through the website, provide complete practice questions, and provide discussion space for students and interesting visualizations.

English is a second language to become inseparable and compulsory in every college and university today. To learn a second language, a physical, intellectual and emotional involvement is needed to successfully send and interpret linguistic messages. However, compelling student not majoring in English to lean English as a subject while their jobs-to-be does not need English at all is a prominent reality. The students are forced to study in a stressful condition, therefore they always feel nervous and bored and the results reflects everything. This reality wont exclude the studying environment in the Preschool Education Faculty in Sai Gon University. In this study, our objective is to investigate the handicap in English studying performance of students in the Preschool Education Faculty in Sai Gon University by pointing out the difficulties presented in the research as well as drawing solutions to fix these problems. We also propose some utilitarian references for related researchers especially aiming at students with low level. We select participating students randomly from among the students of the faculty of Preschool Education in the Saigon University to complete the questionnaire consisting of 10 questions. The students selected are seniors in order to narrow down the field studied. Results indicated that students find difficulties in learning English because of their low level and since English is a compusory subject, they are forced to study, consequently their performance is bad. Also, the results revealed that their teaching career in the future wont need English, as a result, they are not interested and do not have motivation to study English. These results implicate that academic teachers should build an interesting classtime accompanying with good teaching method. Teachers attitude should be friendly so that students are able to immerse and absorb in an interesting class and they will advance in just a blink.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the child identity card policy in Banjarbaru City which is implemented by the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Banjarbaru City based on the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 2 of 2016 on Child Identity Card. The research method used by researcher is a qualitative method with descriptive qualitative research type and data sources come from primary and secondary data. The data collection techniques conducted by researcher are through observation, interviews, and documentation or collection of supporting documents. The data analysis techniques that researcher performed are data reduction, data presentation, and deduction from the data sources obtained. Meanwhile, to test the data validity, the researcher conducts triangulation namely comparing the data from interview results and collection of supporting documents. The result shows that the Implementation of Child Identity Card Policy in Banjarbaru City is implemented by socializing Child Identity Card, having cooperation with working partners and implementing issuance service of Child Identity Card. Nevertheless, in its implementation, it is still not said to be achieved properly in terms of the achievement of the issuance of Child Identity Card in Banjarbaru City which is still low. It is also seen from the utilization of the Child Identity Card itself; its usefulness has not been optimized because in the implementation of the Child Identity Card policy, which is implemented by the Department of Population and Civil Registration is lack of budget so that the implementation of the Child Identity Card program is not optimally implemented. It is suggested for the Banjarbaru Government especially for the Department of Population and Civil Registration in Banjarbaru City can increase the priority of budget allocation for the Child Identity Card program, increasing advanced socialization of the CIC program in Banjarbaru City and taking the advantages of the output to be useful for children.

This study builds on Funk and James (2001) and Bauer et al.s (2008) attempts at modeling the relationship between brand identity and fan loyalty by examining the relationship in the context of fans of professional soccer in the United States. Social wellbeing is introduced into the model, answering the question What are the moderating effects of social wellbeing on the relationship between brand identity and fan loyalty amongst fans of MLS?. A multiple regression analysis was done to verify the conceptual pathway delineated by Bauer et al. The results showed that the model accounted for 40.6% of the variance (R2 = .406) and the model encompassing both non-product and product related attributes did significantly predict fan loyalty, F (2,26) = 9.341, p = .000. Additionally, non-product related attributes contributed significantly to the modelB (B = .034, p = .475) while product attributes did not. Implications of the results are discussed.

The problems in this study regarding the Juridical Review of the Application of Administrative Sanctions for Foreigners according to Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration are: 1) How are Administrative Sanctions for Foreign Citizens Violating Immigration Regulations Based on Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration Examined from the Act State Administration, 2) What Weaknesses Are Regulated by Administrative Sanctions Law no. 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration, 3) How Ideally and Administrative Sanctions Should be regulated in Law 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration for Foreigners Who Violates Immigration Rules. The method used is descriptive analytical normative legal research. The results of the study indicate that the administrative sanctions for immigration are based on Article 75 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration. Immigration Administrative Sanctions by immigration officials are based on objective considerations, and are based on administrative sanctions patterns in accordance with the study of state administrative law. However, the regulation of administrative sanctions against foreigners who commit immigration violations in Indonesia is still not maximized. This is because there are several weaknesses in Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration, especially regarding Immigration Administration sanctions, related to adverse actions. A more in-depth analysis of Immigration Administrative Sanctions is needed to formulate the ideal administrative sanctions, one of which is the comparison method of Immigration Administrative Sanctions in Indonesia with Administrative Sanctions in other countries, as well as to formulate the ideal conditions of Immigration Administrative Sanctions.

Historical shreds of evidence show that the LGBTQIA+ community has been fighting for their basic rights for the longest time in India. A qualitative study was conducted to analyze experiences of different individuals belonging to the community living in Delhi NCR, India. Phenomenological approach was used to assess N=13 participants who were recruited using judgement purposive sampling and one-on-one interviews over Zoom were conducted with a semi-structured form of an interview which was developed involving questions around their challenges, the sociological impact, and their psychological journey. Thematic analysis was done and six key themes emerged- 1. No significant change in self-confidence and self-acceptance because of the abolishment 2. Fear of losing freedom and financial resources because of their identity 3. Greater acceptance from GenZ than any other generation 4. The law has changed but the perception and acceptance havent 5. Although the media representation has increased, it isnt apt. 6. Need of established government policies for LGBTQIA+ community. Further studies on a larger scale will help us determine the issues faced by the community and ways to resolve them.

Coaching sports achievement requires a coaching process that starts from the club. The coaching process requires good management at the club in order to obtain results in an effective and efficient manner. Good and efficient management in managing a sports club in the context of its achievement is decisive. This study aimed to determine Evaluation in Sports Achievement Development. The method used is literature study or literature review. A literature study is a research design used in collecting data sources related to a topic. It collects data for the study of literature using a database to search for literature sources. Data collection used the Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. From the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that athlete breeding can be done by carrying out talent identification and then continuing with the talent development stage. This method is expected to make the nursery process better. The nursery system used in the concept of sports coaching is a nursery system that is able to become the foundation of achievement development. A good foundation is at school age where educational sports are important to give birth to athlete seeds.

Purpose of the study is to develop a scale to determine vocational self-efficacy perceptions of the conservatory opera undergraduate students. Participants are 356 undergraduate opera students enrolled in conservatories at public and private universities across Turkey. In the first step of the study item generation was realised, subsequently field experts assessed content adequecy, afterwards items were administrated 100 participants for the pilot study, an exploratory factory analysis have been realised on this data and reduced the set of items. The new set of items were administrated to 256 participants for the main analyses. Explatory, confirmatory factor analyses, test re-test coefficients and construct validity have been tested. Results indicated that Çarkçi Opera Students Self-Efficacy Scale is a valid and reliable scale consisting of 24 items and 6 factors. It is a five-point Likert scale, Cronbach’s is calculated 0.833for the total score, the result of test-retest analyses is .98.

This article gives examples of mobile vocabulary apps (MVAs) that can be downloaded from the Google Play or Apple App Stores and used as extension activities or a supplement to in-class vocabulary instruction in EFL such as English word study, advanced English vocabulary, test your English vocabulary, English vocabulary level I, II & III, 1000 TOEFL words and others. There are also mobile dictionary apps, graded vocabulary tests for assessing vocabulary knowledge and skills and vocabulary trainers for the TOEFL and IELTS test vocabulary. In addition, the article gives guidelines for searching for, selecting, and using MVAs, the phases of teaching with MVAs and the instructors role. The instructor can help the students find and download relevant MVAs, give pre-questions, and follow the students up to make sure they are making the best use of them. Recommendations for using MVAs with EFL freshman students are given.

The study sought to investigate cognitive styles as determinants of academic achievement of pupils in South-East, Nigeria. Four research questions guided the study in line with the specific purposes of the study. The study was also guided by three null hypotheses. Correlation survey research design was adopted for the study. A population of 357,115 primary five (5) pupils in all the 5,378 public primary schools in South-East, Nigeria was used for the study. The sample for the study comprised four hundred (400) primary 5 pupils using Yaro Yamane’s formula. A multistage sampling technique was used to draw the respondents. Two instruments were used for data collection, namely: Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) for cognitive style and pupils academic achievement proforma which was used to collect achievement scores of the pupils in Mathematics for three terms. The average score of each pupil for the three terms was determined. The instrument was validated by three experts from University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Group Embedded Figure Test as a standardized instrument has a reliability estimate of 0.82. Scores from respondents were analysed using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis. Specifically, Pearsons Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Coefficient of Determination were used to answer research questions. In addition, regression ANOVA was used to test all the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed, among others, that there is a significant correlation between field dependent cognitive styles and academic achievement of primary school pupils in Mathematics. It was recommended, among others, that The Federal and State Ministries of Education should organize and sponsor periodic workshops, conferences and seminars for teachers and head-teachers on the different cognitive styles and how they affect learning in order to actualize high academic achievement of primary school pupils especially in Mathematics.

The purpose of this essay is to discuss the January 6, 2021 riot and its relationship to the USA FREEDOM Act and to how Thomas Hobbes and John Locke would react to the content of extremist material on the Internet. The paper argues that the January 6, 2021 riot could be construed as an example of extremist behavior that may be regulated on the federal level. The possible opinions of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are analyzed, demonstrating that in society, there is a wide range of opinions regarding how extremisms should be addressed. The answers are not clear-cut but require fine-tuning as high emotions dissipate and calmer minds prevail.

The security situation in Papua has recently escalated and tends to heat up. Responding to the escalation and violence that occurred in Papua, ensure that the government has categorized the Papuan Armed Criminal Group and all organizations and people who are members of it, and who support the movement, as terrorists. The increasing security situation in the Papua region is an urgency for the need for a comprehensive approach between the TNI, Polri, Satkowil, Regional Government, Ministry and Institutions to synergize in order to reduce the Papua conflict. The theory used in analyzing this problem is the theory of optimization, synergy, counter insurgency, the concept of terrorism, and the concept of national defense. The method that the researcher uses is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, based on the researchers experience while on duty in Papua. The results of this study indicate that synergies between institutions ministries have been carried out in the form of dialogue, a soft power approach within the OMSP framework, as well as empowerment of local communities by synergizing with local governments. However, with the ongoing conflict and several escalations that occur, this shows that the synergy is still not optimal enough.

The economic war that was going on between strong countries such as America and China had a wide impact on various countries including Indonesia. This study aims to examine how the Influence of the State Development and Expenditure Budget on the 2010-2020 Defense Budget. The method used in this research is quantitative. The results of the study indicate that in terms of economic growth, there are contradictions in both the estimation results and the theory, where based on the estimation results, economic growth has a significant negative effect on the defense budget. The Keynesian view is that the increase in government spending will encourage an increase in demand for various goods and services produced by the economy in aggregate so as to encourage economic growth. In other words, state spending, including defense spending, is an important and ideal policy tool used by the government in an effort to create and increase quality economic growth.

Gender equality is a fundamental human right of each person in society and forms a vital foundation for a peaceful and sustainable world. This study aims to understand gender inequalities in India, with the objective of facilitating societies towards sustainable equality. There is an endeavour to strengthen women empowerment through recommended strategies that can be implemented in societies globally. A systematic literature review is carried out via a thorough literature search. Results have indicated that although there has been progression over the last few years including more females acquiring education through attending schools, less forced and early marriages, more females being appointed in leadership positions, there is still a requirement to eradicate gender inequalities further. Challenges highlighted within India include social norms and cultural biases, violence, education, and underrepresentation of women in positions of power. This study has deduced that there is a need for societal education on the identification of women inequality and changes of behaviour in supressed women. Utilisation of technology to promote women empowerment initiatives and collaborate with governmental and non-governmental organisations will facilitate women empowerment, because it is only by working together that gender inequalities can be eradicated.

Student-involvement in higher-education is necessary for quality-assurance outcomes, yet such involvement also threatens attainment of quality assured, presenting the paradox of higher-education (HE) systems. With the massification of enrolment-figures across the HE sector has been the need to balance HEI and student-centred perspectives. The notion of students as co-producers, consumers, and products of HEI processes creates discord in the quality assurance arena. Contradictory problems manifest when the producer must satisfy the consumer and audit quality of the products, yet students are all of these. This article explored the extent to which student-involvement fosters quality as well as sets parameters beyond which such participation cannot be done without compromising quality-assurance and desired academic-success. The artile drew a line for student-involvement and quality- assurance as double-barreled and sometimes paradoxical, contradictory pursuits. Data elicited from two HEIs in Zimbabwe using the questionnaire method and analysed using Microsoft Excel package generated descriptive frequencies and related graphs and charts to present findings. Documents were analysed using thematic content analysis to glean for relevant secondary data. Student-involvement is marred by unclear parameters at the three confluences of ‘students as co-producers’; ‘students as consumers’; and ‘students as products’ of HEI quality-assurance processes students should participate in, consume, and be products of. Derolling is thus necessary for students to function in various capacities as as co-producers, consumers, or as products. Students as ‘co-producers’ cannot be expected to produce themselves through ‘students as products’, neither can they be ‘consumers’ themselves while being the ‘product’ to be consumed by industry and communities through employment and innovation. The National Assembly should address contradictions through amending HEI-establishing Acts to cede policy making powers to the University Councilsacting jointly with senior management of universities. As co-producers, students involvement should be unlimited at governance levels (by different HEI students) while as consumers (within particular HEIs), student involvement should be limited to lower rungs at consumer level to avoid contradictions that potentially compromise quality. As HEI products, students should be limited to Alumni activities as main function should clearly differentiate among the various roles when crafting HEI policies that foster student involvement.

Student-involvement in higher-education is necessary for quality-assurance outcomes, yet such involvement also threatens attainment of quality assured, presenting the paradox of higher-education (HE) systems. With the massification of enrolment-figures across the HE sector has been the need to balance HEI and student-centred perspectives. The notion of students as co-producers, consumers, and products of HEI processes creates discord in the quality assurance arena. Contradictory problems manifest when the producer must satisfy the consumer and audit quality of the products, yet students are all of these. This article explored the extent to which student-involvement fosters quality as well as sets parameters beyond which such participation cannot be done without compromising quality-assurance and desired academic-success. The artile drew a line for student-involvement and quality- assurance as double-barreled and sometimes paradoxical, contradictory pursuits. Data elicited from two HEIs in Zimbabwe using the questionnaire method and analysed using Microsoft Excel package generated descriptive frequencies and related graphs and charts to present findings. Documents were analysed using thematic content analysis to glean for relevant secondary data. Student-involvement is marred by unclear parameters at the three confluences of ‘students as co-producers’; ‘students as consumers’; and ‘students as products’ of HEI quality-assurance processes students should participate in, consume, and be products of. Derolling is thus necessary for students to function in various capacities as as co-producers, consumers, or as products. Students as ‘co-producers’ cannot be expected to produce themselves through ‘students as products’, neither can they be ‘consumers’ themselves while being the ‘product’ to be consumed by industry and communities through employment and innovation. The National Assembly should address contradictions through amending HEI-establishing Acts to cede policy making powers to the University Councilsacting jointly with senior management of universities. As co-producers, students involvement should be unlimited at governance levels (by different HEI students) while as consumers (within particular HEIs), student involvement should be limited to lower rungs at consumer level to avoid contradictions that potentially compromise quality. As HEI products, students should be limited to Alumni activities as main function should clearly differentiate among the various roles when crafting HEI policies that foster student involvement.

The article explores reconfiguring the concept of academic success in Zimbabwe, now premised on the attainment of benchmark Doctrine Education 5.0 pillars set by the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Innovation, Science and Technology Development and enforced by Zimbabwe Council for Higher Education (ZimCHE) as a quality assurance agency. It reviews academic success standards based on teaching and learning; research, community engagement; innovation; and industrialisation. Targeting, HEI quality assurance officers, managers, and students as the population, the study purposively selected three HEIs based on stated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) mandates drawn from Zimbabwes 20 registered public and private universities. Questionnaire-elicited data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists and presented in graphs derived from descriptive statistics to enhance meaning in findings. Findings show the five-fold Doctrine Education 5.0 remains news to HEI students although they passively participate as recipients, reflected in students-as- consumers rather than students-as-partners among HEIs and later industry. Without students voice as HEI partners, success would be analogous to a maternity centre rating its success based on state of the art equipment and high calibre staff without mention of babies delivered as core business therein. The article recommends the reconfiguration of the academic-success matrix to reflect the student-interests involvement, and the industrial perspective as end-line users of HEI graduates. A one-size fits-all approach to academic success is not tenable for HEIs, and their divergent mandates call for differentiated methodological approaches to achieve success. HEIs continue to rate their success in terms of student enrolment figure, infrastructural development at the expense of student-centred success criteria that assesses innovative skills capacity and industrial appraisals post-graduation. The shift to a business approach in higher education has been unmanaged, with telling implications for HEIs visions and stated missions, necessitating change. Consolidating HEI success requires Chief Executive Officers whose proven mandate espouses all education 5.0 deliverables, particularly innovation and industrialisation through research and community engagement, except for teaching and learning. Nothing in academia prepares Professors as Vice Chancellors for this task, reducing them to duds as their grasp of the five-fold mandate largely remains superficial. HEIs success criteria and students’ involvement continue to reflect education 3.0 scope when they should functionally be operating at 5.0, which is just on paper and tick-a-box-kind-of compliance to satisfy minimum quality assurance expectations. A danger of leaving important stakeholders behind until too late lingers, with potentially telling negative ramifications therefrom for all.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the pre-employment card program approved by the government in reducing unemployment due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in Indonesia caused an increase in unemployment. This is due to a decrease in production, which has an impact on the companys operations and finances. The government is the most responsible in the unstable economic conditions of society. One of the programs issued is the preemployment card program. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods through collecting data from several books, journals, printed or electronic documents, and other sources of data or information. The research is intended to analyze the data by using data reduction techniques. The results of this study require the government to review the policies of this Pre-Employment Card program. The government must focus on providing assistance to the community in the form of Direct Cash Assistance (BLT), social assistance, to subsidies, and providing stimulus to companies or entrepreneurs to at least reduce the unemployment rate which leads to an increase in the number of unemployed.

The main goal of every athlete is to reach the highest peak of achievement or become the first champion in every sporting event. However, one of the most supportive factors to become a champion in every match is an excellent physical condition, for that it takes the proper training according to the target, such as Tabata Training and High-Intensity Interval Training which is the appropriate form of exercise to improve the components of physical condition. This study aimed to analyze the difference in the effect of more effective exercise on increasing agility. This study uses a randomized group pretest and post-test design. The population in this study were male students of the 2016 PKO FIO UNESA Study Program, amounting to 100 people. The sampling technique used random sampling with a sample of 30 people, divided into three groups, namely the Tabata Training group, High-Intensity Interval Training and the control group. This type of research is quasi-experimental, with a quantitative approach. Data were collected by measuring technique using a side step test tool to measure agility. Data were analyzed using the MANOVA technique, using 0.05. The results showed that the effect of Tabata training on increasing agility with a value of p = 0.000, then the effect of high-intensity interval training on increasing agility with a value of p = 0.000. The two exercises turned out that high-intensity interval training was better than Tabata training in increasing agility.

This research investigates the relationship between differences (ethnocentrism, country of origin image, religiosity and animosity) which may affect intentions to purchase. In doing so, it measures the effect of country of origin image, religiosity, animosity and ethnocentrism and their relationships with intentions to purchase Chinese fashion products in Egypt, through attitude toward purchase. Both of positivism and quantitative approach represent an organized method of research that combine the deductive logic and the empirical observations of individual behavior together in order to be able to note a group of causal laws that can be used for general prediction patterns of human activity. This study collects the data of the required variable by making a questionnaire. This questionnaire targeted a population that is represented in customers who purchase Chinese fashion products in Egypt. The analysis conducted is applied using SPSS 22.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and AMOS 24. Due to the infinite number of the targeted population, the sample of the study consisted of 384questionnaires gathered from Egyptian customers. The results of the analysis indicate that ethnocentrism and country of origin image have a positive impact on intentions to purchase and attitude toward purchase. While, religiosity and animosity have a negative impact on intentions to purchase and attitude toward purchase. Moreover, the results partially support the Mediation role of Attitude toward purchase in the relationship between (Ethnocentrism, Country of origin image, religiosity and Animosity) and Intentions to Purchase Chinese Fashion Products.

The study describes the acquisition of verb by typically developing Amharic-speaking children. It recruitedcross-sectional research design to gather the speeches’ data from thirty-two children using picture description, spontaneous elicitation, and story-tellingtasks. Thedata were audio- recorded, transcribed using IPA, and analyzed. The result showed that most ofAmharic speakingchildren’s verbs appeared as single utterances. Verbs such as progressive, pastand imperfective were predominantly frequent in such a way; especially past and imperfective verbs appeared potentially meaningful simple sentence without overt subject and object.Similarly, auxiliary verbs, as a linking or helping verb, they had a consistent occurrence and most of the childrensimple SOVsentences were guided by auxiliaries. Moreover, the perfective, imperatives, and gerund verbs had a significant representation. However, passives were the least and they were not even detected in some children’s speeches. The result alsoconfirmed, that progressive, past and auxiliary verbs had a leading place followed by imperfective. Children also varied in their choice of verbs while describing things, expressing ideas, and narrating events. Some children used a certain verbs monotonously but others weremore selective andstraightforward to the point. In this regard, olderage (4;5and 5;0years) girls had better performance. The distribution of verbs, in type and frequency also portrayed that how some verbsmore salient than others. In sum, theprogressive and past verbswere likely acquired earlier than others. However, verbs like passives seemingly need time. This implies thatthe order of verb acquisition differs cross linguistically due to the nature of derivational and inflectional morphology that children are able to acquire first.

In the Indonesian constitution it is stated that the State of Indonesia is a state of law, this is evidenced by the existence of a State Administrative Court which aims to prevent abuse of the authority of public officials, but the implementation of the PTUN decisions does not yet have firmness because there is no coercive effort for public officials who are declared wrong in implementing the policy. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the regulations as well as the execution of the decisions of the State Administrative Court that apply in Indonesia and analyze the weaknesses that affect the execution of the decisions of the State Administrative Court. The method in this is non-doctrinal, using primary data obtained by conducting interviews and secondary data by conducting a literature study, the results of the research are then analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. Because Law Number 51 of 2009 concerning the State Administrative Court confirms not to carry out the execution of the PTUN decision. The weakness lies in the legal substance of Article 97 number (9) of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 51 of 2009 concerning the State Administrative Court, which has not regulated threats to officials who do not carry out the provisions as stated in the decision of the State Administrative Court. And the weakness in Article 116 has not regulated the amount of forced money sanctions. While the legal structure factor is the absence of further legal remedies because the implementation of the PTUN decision depends on the awareness of the relevant officials. These weaknesses have led to a loss of public confidence in the PTUN decision, so it is necessary to reconstruct Article 97 point (9) and Article 116 of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 51 of 2009 concerning the State Administrative Court.

The importance of strengthening non-military defense capabilities in the province of Bali as a result of the threat of the Covid-19 virus is motivated by the importance of maintaining national defense from various non-military threats, such as ideological, political, economic, socio-cultural threats, terrorism, drugs and public safety such as the spread of the Covid-19 virus. . The spread of the Covid-19 pandemic in the province of Bali is still high where as of June 9, 2021, it was recorded that the cumulative number of cases was 47,581 people, 45,630 people recovered (95.90%), and 1,514 people died (3.18%), 437 active cases. people (0.92%), with the highest number of sufferers in Denpasar City with an accumulation of 15,032 sufferers. The spread of the Covid-19 virus in Bali has reduced economic growth and peoples income in the tourism aspect. From these conditions, questions can be drawn about how the level of non-military Defense capability is to deal with the threat of the Covid-19 virus, alternative priorities and strategies for strengthening non-military Defense capabilities. By using quantitative research methods on non-military defense capabilities in policyregulatory aspects (3.6), early awareness (3.9), state defense (3.9), technological capability (3.7) and budgetary support (3.5 ). To support the strengthening of non-military defense capabilities, it is necessary to formulate appropriate policies and establish non-military threat countermeasures institutions. The strategic step that needs to be taken is to increase the ability to analyze various potential threats in order to provide appropriate data analysis to deal with various potential military threats. As a suggestion, government action is needed to support increased national awareness to prevent risks from non-military threats.

In 2018, a natural disaster occurred in Palu, Central Sulawesi which caused losses both in the number of victims and damage to infrastructure. Natural disasters that occurred in the city of Palu occurred in three types of disasters, namely, earthquakes, tsunamis and liquefaction. The TNI as a form of implementing OMSP TNI, is responsible for being involved in disaster management efforts, together with BNPB. One of the implementing elements of the TNI in carrying out natural disaster management operations is the PRCPB TNI. However, there are still several things that need to be optimized and coordinated from the synergy between the two institutions, namely optimizing the synergy with other ministries/agencies and agencies, the composition of the troops, and the limited facilities and infrastructure. The theory used in analyzing these problems is the theory of synergy, theory of disaster management, role theory, theory of state defense and theory of TNI involvement in Disaster Management. With descriptive qualitative research method, research data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentation studies. Based on the results of the study, the disaster that hit Palu city and several other areas of Central Sulawesi showed that local government authorities also did not fully understand the flow and procedures for dealing with disasters quickly. When a disaster occurs, both the government and the community are not prepared. The government through the BNBP, BPBD, and TNI sent aid personnel in the context of disaster management in Palu City in 2018. In particular, the TNI through PRCPB, several units have sent troops to carry out humanitarian missions according to the mandate of Law Number 3 of 2002 concerning National Defense and Law Number 34 of 2004 about the Indonesian National Army. The synergy between the TNI and various parties from BNPB, BPBD, and the Regional Government in Palu City is going well. However, overlapping tasks in the field, sectoral egos still often occur. The synergy model between the TNI and BNPB is to establish a disaster center so that gaps and problems of command, cooperation, communication and coordination and other problems can be overcome.

Security in the territorial waters of a country is one of the important elements in maintaining the sovereignty of a country which based on facts on the ground shows that the ALKI II region poses a threat to international shipping where the threats are in the form of smuggling of goods, human trafficking, as well as terrorism and the impact of Malaysias expansionary politics. is the impact of the non-optimal security in the ALKI II area due to the non-optimal degree of TNI al strength and regulations that are still overlapping in overcoming violations in the ALKI II area, so this study aims to find out how the interoperability between TNI dimensions in the ALKI II area in supporting the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. And how are the efforts in strengthening the strategy of the pattern of operations and deployment of TNI AL forces in the ALKI II region. Then this study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods supported by literature studies as a method of data and fact tracking, where based on the results of the study it is known that interoperability between dimensions The TNI in the ALKI II area has not been well integrated and is still running independently and the pattern of operations and deployment of the TNIs combat force is not optimal yet with a centralized and regional nature so that optimization is needed. realizing the stability and security of Indonesian marine waters.

In order to maintain the superiority of effective control over the entire territory of Indonesia, especially in disputed areas, Indonesia through the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) conducts Border Security Operations between countries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the interoperability of the TNI information system in the Border Security Operation in the North Natuna Sea and the TNI information system interoperability strategy to support the Border Security Operation code in the North Natuna Sea. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative data through observation, interviews and documentation. The findings of this study are that the information system, both software, hardware, and brainware is not optimal in responding to threats at the border. Regulations at the technical level are not yet precise, flexible, interoperable, besides that there are different regulatory perceptions between forces, there is no standardization of regulations, as well as sectoral egos. Blueprints and grand strategies are mandatory, as well as knowledge management in determining priorities, coupled with the use of artificial intelligence in the TNI information system to realize the efficiency of TNI information system personnel.

Over time, the live memories of survivors have disappeared, and it has become clear that the memory of the Jewish Holocaust could disappear entirely in the absence of institutional efforts to preserve it. The understanding that collective memory can be preserved only through proactive efforts led to the development of formal and informal curricula for Holocaust education. The main assumption is that Holocaust education has the potential to generate a moral transformation. In light of this conclusion the question is: What kind of changes do we seek and how should we accomplish them? This study deals with a case study of one of the constitutive historical events of the 20th century: commemoration of the Holocaust. The study focuses on the Experiential Learning Method of educating about Holocaust remembrance and commemoration and about Holocaust monuments. Over the years memorial centers have been added, which contain additional monuments commemorating the story of a specific place and/or personal stories. One of the currently customary methods of commemoration in Israel is the journey to Poland, to the labor, concentration, and death camps, to the various memorial sites and monuments. This journey is undertaken by young and old, groups and singles, from all over the world and particularly from Israel. Since many of those taking the journey are young people at an age when personal, national, and historical identity is formed, a time when the young acquire their educational values, it is particularly important to ascertain who is charged with passing on the beacon of memory. This leads to weighty questions regarding the identity of the guides who lead these journeys and the contents they choose to impart to the participants, the guidance sites, and the method of guidance. Who will tell the story? How will the story be told? What will remain of the story? This study discusses in addition, a case study of guides from Israel charged with imparting this chapter of human history. In order to explore their impact, interviews were held with 47 guides, the large majority of whom are Israeli born, a majority academics, and many hold advanced degrees. The research findings indicate that they aim the commemoration beacon primarily at guidance sites in Poland. The study explored other diverse essential parameters regarding the profile of “guides to Poland” – where did they study? What is their personal affiliation with the subject? What is their position on the universal and Jewish narrative of the Holocaust? In light of the interviews conducted, it appears that almost all of them have the necessary tools to convey the most complete and comprehensive educational message. Accordingly, this issue was explored and most of the guides reported that the most influential message of commemoration is conveyed primarily through visits to camps and ghettos in Poland. This conclusion generates a theoretical, practical, philosophical, moral, and educational question indicating the “exporting of historical memory”. Should our entire educational focus indeed be exclusively on Poland? How can we preserve the ethos of the affiliation between the Holocaust of the Jews and heroism in the Holocaust, as well as heroism in Israel and its building, if we disregard the many commemoration and memorial sites within Israel? Do the journeys to the camps and to the valley of death in Poland, which are led by these guides, not create a distortion in the instilling of Holocaust remembrance and heritage, by disregarding the many commemoration sites and monuments throughout Israel? Aiming the beacon of commemoration at Poland, outside Israel, prevents exposure of the public, and particularly teenagers, to the natural association formed in Israel between Holocaust and revival, which preserves the connecting link between the generations.

Physical education learning process must be supported by adequate learning facilities and infrastructure, such as sports equipment and the field as a learning resource for physical education learning. If one of them is inadequate, both limited in quantity and quality, it will greatly affect the learning process, especially learning basic football techniques. Dribbling is an attempt to push the ball intermittently with the ball position not far from our feet and must be controlled by the dribbeler while running to achieve certain goals in the game of football. This study aims to determine how much influence the practice of the jigsaw cooperative learning model and the team game tournament (TGT) model on dribbling skills in the XI class football game of State High School 2 Gadingrejo. The method used in this study is a comparative experimental method, the population is 203 students, while the sample technique used is proportional random sampling of 40 students. The procedure in this study used Pre-test, Treatment and Post-test. The data analyzed is data from the results of the initial and final tests. Calculating the results of the initial and final tests using the T-test data analysis technique. The results of this study are; 1) There is a significant effect of the jigsaw model of cooperative learning on the ability to dribble the ball in soccer games. 2) There is a significant effect of the TGT learning model on the ability to dribble the ball in soccer games. 3) There is a significant difference between the experimental group of Jigsaw and TGT cooperative models.

The agricultural sector is the leading sector in the Indonesian economy. Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana Linn) or commonly called “the queen of fruits” is one of Indonesia’s mainstay exotic fruits. Since the 1970s until now the demand for exports has continued to increase, so it can be said that the mangosteen fruit is the prima donna of export which is Indonesia’s mainstay. The purpose of this research are to analyze the development of Indonesian mangosteen exports, the factors that affect Indonesian mangosteen exports and the competitiveness of Indonesian mangosteen in the international market in 2009-2019. This research uses secondary data form Central Bureau of Stastistics, Outlook and UN Comtrade. The development of mangosteen exports was analyzed using trend analysis; the factors that influence the development of exports were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and the competitiveness of the mangosteen in the international market was analyzed using revealed comparative advantage (RCA). The result of this research are that in 2009 – 2019 the development of Indonesian mangosteen exports trends to increase; the factors of exports are real prices (negative effect), exchange rate (positive effect) and Indonesian mangosteen is competitive in the international market.

Introduction to the Problem: One example of regulations in the economic field is Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). The Copyright Law has been amended many times, even within a period of approximately twenty years, the relevant law has changed four times. The purpose of the law is justice, legal certainty and expediency, thus giving the desire to review the Copyright Law to be able to realize the legal objectives. Objectives/Study Objectives: This paper aims to determine the Juridical Analysis of the Development of Copyright Law in Relation to Legal Objectives Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper is included in the type of normative legal research which provides a prescriptive on Juridical Analysis of the Development of Copyright Law in Relation to Legal Objectives. The technique of collecting legal materials is carried out by studying literature to collect legal materials by reading laws and regulations, official documents and literature related to problems that must be carried out by the author. The legal material analysis technique is carried out qualitatively Findings: The results show that, the purpose of the law is as a social engineering tool, so that the Intellectual Property Rights Act is also a social engineering tool aimed at making people obey the law in the direction of a law-abiding society in the field of IPR is not yet optimal. The development of the Copyright Law in law with legal objectives can be seen from the legal substance, legal structure, and Indonesian culture.

According to the UN habitat report 2020, the next decade is considerable to see a rise in urbanization which may range to 60.4 % by 2030 as compared to 56.2% in 2020. Hence the current article intends to unravel the impact of Covid 19 on cities globally. The world cities report 2020 and Covid 19 Response plan 2020 by UN Habitat will be reviewed to get a better understanding of the overall condition of cities globally. Furthermore, the article also focuses on studying the major challenges in urban areas as mentioned in the UN habitat report like high risk for transmission, impact on economic activities, urban inequalities and coping mechanisms, by considering major cities in India. Lastly, it deals with the suggestions on how to enhance urban growth by tackling the prevailing issues so that sustainable cities can be developed which will accommodate the influx of people in the upcoming years as estimated by the UN habitat report 2020.

According to the UN habitat report 2020, the next decade is considerable to see a rise in urbanization which may range to 60.4 % by 2030 as compared to 56.2% in 2020. Hence the current article intends to unravel the impact of Covid 19 on cities globally. The world cities report 2020 and Covid 19 Response plan 2020 by UN Habitat will be reviewed to get a better understanding of the overall condition of cities globally. Furthermore, the article also focuses on studying the major challenges in urban areas as mentioned in the UN habitat report like high risk for transmission, impact on economic activities, urban inequalities and coping mechanisms, by considering major cities in India. Lastly, it deals with the suggestions on how to enhance urban growth by tackling the prevailing issues so that sustainable cities can be developed which will accommodate the influx of people in the upcoming years as estimated by the UN habitat report 2020.

Energy diplomacy as a countrys foreign policy agenda in securing access to international energy sources. The significance of energy for a country can always be a cause or proxy for its foreign policy or even its military actions. The plan for the development of nuclear power plants in Indonesia in support of the climate change program is based on global agreements and is able to provide a deterrent effect on national defense. However, until now the role of defense diplomacy in achieving national interests has not been optimal and its achievements are still limited to defense issues only (Sudarsono et al., 2018). This study aims to analyze the role of diplomacy on energy and defense, where diplomacy provides a first treat on energy, thereby realizing national energy security supported by defense diplomacy. This study uses a literature study to collect relevant data related to energy diplomacy, nuclear power plant development plans to support the NDC program, and defense diplomacy. The results of the study indicate that a diplomacy synergy is needed in achieving the national interest. Defense diplomacy can be synergized with energy diplomacy, which in this case is able to accelerate the development of nuclear power plants in Indonesia which provides a multiplier effect both in terms of energy security in the issue of climate change, even to the deterrent effect of Indonesian defense. The effect of diplomacy on energy indicates that diplomacy has a significant role in politics and the economy that a countrys energy can create.

Ex-convicts must wait for a five-year gap after passing their prison term and announce their background if they want to run for governor, regent, or mayor, according to the Constitutional Courts decision Number 56PUU-XVII2019. The election of regional heads is an activity in the context of implementing a government system in the form of democracy. In the implementation of regional head elections, to get quality regional leaders, it takes qualified candidates promoted by political parties as well as those who run independently. Among the requirements for a regional head candidate, both at the provincial and districtcity levels, a candidate must not be in a status of an ex-convict. The research method in this research was normative juridical. This research shows that based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, ex-convicts are also citizens who have the same political rights as other citizens. The existence of a provision that is a requirement to run as a candidate for the regional head in the election clearly limits or even negates a persons right to participate in exercising their rights. The decision of Constitutional Court No.42PUU-XIII2015 states that ex-convicts can participate in regional head elections with certain conditions.

Notes and Glosses are two different terms referring to one type of translation procedure namely Notes, Addition, Glosses. Addition is excluded in the title as it is not discussed in this research. This translation procedure is one of the translation procedures whose function is to provide additional information mostly when translating very specific terms like technical terms and cultural words. This research uses three Indonesian novels translated into English as the data source. It is therefore it involves literary translation. The background of this research is that each novel has its own preference dealing with the form of additional information. Using descriptive-qualitative research method with Translation Studies for analyzing the data, this research is aimed at identifying the kind of Notes and Addition involved and revealing the topic of information added both in the source language text and in the target language texts. The results show that the use of Notes either at the bottom of page as footnotes or at the end of book as end-notes and the use of glossary as Glosses at the end of book do not always depend on the additional information given by the authors of the source language texts, the translators may increase the occurrence of the notes in the target text, therefore, the topics of additional information are more various in the target language texts.

This study aims to examine the existence of Li and Fa in the legal system and legal politics that develops in China. This study employs a normative legal approach through a historical approach. The results of the study show that the legal system and legal politics in Chinese highlight the terms Li and Fa. In essence, Lis teachings focus on a set of ethical or moral rules that regulate patterns of human behaviour that must be obeyed and upheld by every human being. Meanwhile, the term Fa is known as a written law that every Chinese citizen must obey. In essence, Fa is a law inherent in a nation, generally applies equally to all human beings, and is formed into statutory regulations. These two terms become the benchmark for the legal system and legal politics that develops in China. Indirectly, China, which adheres to communism, applies the rules of moral ethics and legislation as a guide to life.