This study aims to determine the company s financial performance in terms of PT Astra Agro Lestari Tbk s financial ratios for 2017-2021. The research method and data used in this study are quantitative descriptive research using secondary data contained in the financial reports of PT Astra Agro Lestari Tbk published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2017-2021. Data collection techniques were carried out using library research and documentation techniques. The results of the research on profitability ratios for five years, namely 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 seen from the Return On Assets (ROA) of 8.48%, 5.66%, 0.90%, 3.22%, and 6 .80%. Judging from the Return On Equity (ROE) of 11.40%, 7.81%, 1.28%, 4.64% and 9.76%. While seen from the Net Profit Margin (NPM) of 12.21%, 7.97%, 1.40%, 4.75% and 8.50%. The company s financial performance in 2017-2021 shows that the company is in a bad condition because the figures generated from ROA, ROE, and NPM tend to fluctuate with quite large differences. So it can be said that the financial performance of PT Astra Agro Lestari Tbk seen from its financial ratios is still not effective.

This study aims to analyze the effect of school climate, organizational commitment and job satisfaction on work performance. It utilized a correlational study with a quantitative approach. The research population was 160 elementary school teachers. The sample technique used was a proportional random sampling, and 115 people were obtained as the sample. The data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of school climate (27 items), organizational commitment (24 items), job satisfaction (38 items), and work performance (33 items) which have been tested for validity and reliability. The data was analyzed using path analysis. The results of the study revealed that there is an effect of school climate on work performance, organizational commitment on work performance, job satisfaction on work performance, school climate on job satisfaction, organizational commitment on job satisfaction, school climate on job satisfaction as well as work performance and organizational commitment on job satisfaction and work performance.

The Nias Regency Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency is one of the Regional Apparatus Organizations within the Nias Regency Government which generally supports the achievement of the Vision and Mission of the Nias Regency Government and particularly in regional financial management. This study aims to explain the application of the Cash Management System or non-cash transactions in the process of monitoring financial transactions. This research is classified as a qualitative research using the SWOT analysis method with the aim of knowing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges in the application of the Cash Management System. The results of this study indicate that the application of the Cash Management System in financial transactions can improve the integrity, accountability and transparency of financial management in order to encourage the prevention of corruption and money laundering within the Nias Regency Government and can realize the implementation of transactions in the financial management of the Personnel and Development Agency. The right number of human resources for Nias Regency is fast, safe, efficient, saves costs and accelerates services to the community

This study aims to investigate the direct and indirect effects of teacher job satisfaction as a moderating variable in the effect of organizational commitment and achievement motivation on teacher work effectiveness. This study employed a quantitative method. The type of this research is correlational path analysis study. The study population consisted of 172 elementary school teachers in Lampihong District, from which a sample of 120 was drawn using proportional random sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect data, which were then analyzed statistically descriptively and inferentially using SPSS. The results of the study showed that: (1) organizational commitment, achievement motivation, job satisfaction, teacher work effectiveness are in categorized as high. (2) there is a direct effect of organizational commitment on teacher work effectiveness of 0.318, organizational commitment on teacher job satisfaction of 0.141, job satisfaction on teacher work effectiveness of 0.448, achievement motivation on teacher work effectiveness of 0.156, and achievement motivation on teacher job satisfaction of 0.315. (3) The indirect effect of organizational commitment via job satisfaction on teacher work effectiveness of 0.141, while the effect of achievement motivation via job satisfaction on teacher work effectiveness of 0.284. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that school principals together with SDN teachers in Lampihong District maintain organizational commitment, achievement motivation, and job satisfaction in order for teachers to demonstrate the efficacy of their work in terms of quality and quantity of work, as well as timely completion of assignments.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the work environment and work motivation on performance through teacher job satisfaction. This research is a quantitative research with path analysis. The study population of elementary school teachers was 220 with a research sample of 145 people. The data was collected using instruments consisting of work environment (19 items), work motivation (44 items), job satisfaction (35 items), and performance (78 items) which have been tested for validity and reliability. The research data was analyzed using path analysis. The results of this study showed that there is an effect of the work environment on performance and work motivation on performance, job satisfaction on performance, work environment on job satisfaction, work motivation on job satisfaction, work environment on job satisfaction and performance, as well as work motivation on job satisfaction and performance.

This study intends to examine the direct and indirect effects of organizational commitment as intermediary variables in the relationship between achievement motivation and organizational culture on teachers organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). This study utilized a quantitative research method; path analysis was employed in correlational research. One hundred and twenty participants were chosen from a population of 172 elementary school teachers in the Lampihong District using the Proportional e Random Sampling technique. Instruments with organizational culture (17 items), achievement motivation (30 items), organizational commitment (24 items), and organizational citizenship behavior (21 items) that have undergone validity and reliability testing were used for data collection. Using the product moment person correlation test, the validity and reliability of this source of data were evaluated. In order to determine the direct and indirect relationships between variables, research data were first subjected to normality, linearity, and homogeneity tests. The findings revealed that organizational culture, achievement motivation, and organizational commitment all had direct and indirect influences on teachers Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB).

We attempt to explore the presence and working of philosophical ideas of select thinkers in the whole architecture of artificial intelligence. This exploration delves into the philosophical connections relating to the proof of the existence of artificial intelligence. It further examines the philosophical perspectives of strong and weak versions of artificial intelligence, language processing and the inner working of artificial intelligence itself.

This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect correlation between environment-based curriculum, teacher pedagogical competence and learning quality through literacy learning. This research used a correlational study with a quantitative approach. Two hundred and eighteen junior high school teachers at adiwiyata schools were involved as population of this study. The researchers used proportional random technique and obtained as many as 141 people. The data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of an environment-based curriculum (17 items), teacher pedagogic competence (21 items), literacy learning (13 items) and learning quality (29 items). The validity and reliability tests were performed using the Alpha Cronbach. Then, the data of this study was analyzed using descriptive statistics with path analysis to see direct and indirect correlations between variables, by first carrying out the normality test, homoscedasticity test, multicollinearity test and correlation test. The results of the study show that there is a correlation between: (1) environment-based curriculum and learning quality, (2) teacher pedagogic competence and learning quality, (3) literacy learning and learning quality, (4) environment-based curriculum and literacy learning, (5) competency teacher pedagogy with literacy learning, (6) the correlation between environmentbased curriculum and learning quality through literacy learning, (7) the correlation between teacher pedagogic competence and learning quality through literacy learning

This study aims to describe literacy development planning in schools, implementation of school literacy development, monitoring of literacy development in schools, and follow-up of literacy development in schools. The approach used in this research was a phenomenological type qualitative approach with a multi-site study design and constant comparative method. Data was collected using in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation techniques. The informants involved were selected using purposive techniques combined with snowball sampling techniques. The data collected through these various techniques was examined, then data reduction, data presentation, and data verification were carried out. Checking the validity of the data in this present study was done using credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. After checking, the collected data was analyzed by cross case analysis. The results obtained from this study indicate that the school has a good literacy culture and cooperates with each other among school members to achieve the desired goals of the school literacy movement. The results of this activity also have a major effect on the achievements produced by teachers and students at school. Based on the findings, it is suggested that planning for the development of literacy in schools should be carried out in meetings among school principals, teachers and staff. The implementation of literacy development is expected to be carried out according to the needs of children. Monitoring literacy development is also expected to be an evaluation for implementing literacy in schools. Meanwhile, follow-up literacy development in schools is expected to be a reference for schools to improve the achievements of both teachers and students.

This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect correlation between environment-based curriculum, teacher pedagogical competence and learning quality through literacy learning. This research used a correlational study with a quantitative approach. Two hundred and eighteen junior high school teachers at adiwiyata schools were involved as population of this study. The researchers used proportional random technique and obtained as many as 141 people. The data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of an environment-based curriculum (17 items), teacher pedagogic competence (21 items), literacy learning (13 items) and learning quality (29 items). The validity and reliability tests were performed using the Alpha Cronbach. Then, the data of this study was analyzed using descriptive statistics with path analysis to see direct and indirect correlations between variables, by first carrying out the normality test, homoscedasticity test, multicollinearity test and correlation test. The results of the study show that there is a correlation between: (1) environment-based curriculum and learning quality, (2) teacher pedagogic competence and learning quality, (3) literacy learning and learning quality, (4) environment-based curriculum and literacy learning, (5) competency teacher pedagogy with literacy learning, (6) the correlation between environmentbased curriculum and learning quality through literacy learning, (7) the correlation between teacher pedagogic competence and learning quality through literacy learning

This study aims to reveal how the school with Adiwiyata program was developed, how teachers and staff were empowered by the program, and how the school partnered with management programs from outside institutions to create the program. A multi-case research design and a continual comparative method were utilized in this studys phenomenological qualitative methodology. The researchers used in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation methods to gather the data. Purposive tactics and snowball sampling methods were employed to choose the informants. The data collected through these various techniques was examined and data reduction, data presentation, and data verification were carried out. Checking the validity of the data was done by using credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. After checking, the collected data was analyzed by single case analysis and cross-site analysis. The results obtained from this study indicate that the development of the Adiwiyata program in schools is carried out in collaboration with both the school and other parties that participate in helping the success of the Adiwiyata-program-based schools. The schools need to socialize in advance to related agencies in order to get support in the form of useful materials and knowledge that can be applied in Adiwiyata school activities. Based on the findings, it is suggested to school principals to always improve the quality of their schools, especially regarding the Adiwiyata program, teachers and staff to always increase attention to the practice of environmental care values, and future researchers are expected to be able to conduct research related to Adiwiyata management at other research different sites.

This study tried to outline how the online learning management concept was put into practice during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a phenomenological method and is qualitative. Two elementary schools in the Balangan District with a accreditation served as the studys location. The school principals and teachers that were identified through purposive sampling served as key informants. The data collection techniques were done through interviews, observation and documentation. The data validity was carried out by data triangulation by means of technical triangulation and peer briefing triangulation. The data analysis used interactive analysis of the Huberman model which consisted of data collection, data display, data reduction and verification conclusion. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the online learning management model during the Covid-19 pandemic was carried out through online learning planning including planned aspects, selection of media and applications used, organizing online learning through balanced lesson scheduling and collaboration between teachers and parents of students, implementation of learning including absence methods, procedures for implementing learning, learning methods and learning time allocation, and learning evaluation includes evaluation methods, evaluation time, standard values and corrective actions.

This studys objective was to examine the direct and indirect effects of instructional leadership, work discipline, and work motivation on the performance of private vocational school teachers in Banjarbaru. This study employed a correlational strategy with a quantitative approach that is formalized as a path analysis model. The study population consisted of 245 teachers from nine private vocational schools in the city of Banjarbaru, and the Slovin method was used to choose 152 respondents as the research sample. There are thirty items of the principals instructional leadership. Thirty five items on the work discipline and 36 items on work motivation. Then, the teacher performance included 52 items of the questionnaires. There were 153 items in total used for the data collection. Descriptive analysis, classical assumption test, analysis correlation, path analysis and hypothesis testing were employed for analyzing the data. Using the product moment person correlation test, the validity and reliability of this research instrument were evaluated. The path analysis was applied to research data to determine the direct and indirect effects among variables by first applying the tests for normality, homogeneity, linearity, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. The results of this study indicated that the instructional leadership, work discipline, and work motivation of the principal have a direct and indirect effect on teacher performance.

This study aims to describe literacy development planning in schools, implementation of school literacy development, monitoring of literacy development in schools, and follow-up of literacy development in schools. The approach used in this research was a phenomenological type qualitative approach with a multi-site study design and constant comparative method. Data was collected using in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation techniques. The informants involved were selected using purposive techniques combined with snowball sampling techniques. The data collected through these various techniques was examined, then data reduction, data presentation, and data verification were carried out. Checking the validity of the data in this present study was done using credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. After checking, the collected data was analyzed by cross case analysis. The results obtained from this study indicate that the school has a good literacy culture and cooperates with each other among school members to achieve the desired goals of the school literacy movement. The results of this activity also have a major effect on the achievements produced by teachers and students at school. Based on the findings, it is suggested that planning for the development of literacy in schools should be carried out in meetings among school principals, teachers and staff. The implementation of literacy development is expected to be carried out according to the needs of children. Monitoring literacy development is also expected to be an evaluation for implementing literacy in schools. Meanwhile, follow-up literacy development in schools is expected to be a reference for schools to improve the achievements of both teachers and students.

This research study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the school literacy movement policy to build character in junior high schools. It is a qualitative research with a case study. The setting of this research study is two public junior high schools that implement the school literacy movement in Tanah Laut District. The key informants were school principals, heads of librarians, school literacy movement teams, teachers, students, school supervisors, committee members, and parents of students determined by using a purposive sampling technique. The information of this study was collected through interviews, observation and documentation of data validation. The researchers performed data triangulation by means of technical triangulation and source triangulation. The data was analyzed using interactive analysis of the Huberman model which consisted of data collection, data display, data reduction and verificationconclusion. The results of this study showed that the implementation of the School Literacy Movement in two schools received support from stakeholders and support from facilities and infrastructure, the strategy implemented was a literacy-friendly school environment strategy, a social environment strategy as a communication model, and a school strategy as an academic environment, which was then held through three stages, namely habituation, development and learning, which succeeded in shaping the character of students, becoming students who like to read, are disciplined, honest, religious and creative.

This study attempts to describe and analyze the direct and indirect effects of Achievement Motivation as an intermediary variable in the correlation between the Principals Transformational Leadership, Work Ethic, and teacher performance. The population of 203 junior high school teachers in Balangan Regency is sampled using proportionate random sampling to get a sample of 176 individuals. This research analysis employed descriptive and inferential SPSS 22 statistics. Using a questionnaire, information was gathered about Transformational Leadership of Principals (48 items), Work Ethics (35 items), Motivation for Achievement (30 items), and Teacher Performance (26 things). (1) The principals transformational leadership, the teachers work ethic, the teachers success motivation, and the teachers performance all fall into the "high" category, as indicated by the studys findings. The principal transformational leadership has a direct impact on teacher work ethic, teacher achievement motivation, and teacher performance. (3) There is an indirect effect of the principals transformational leadership, teacher work ethic, and teacher achievement motivation on teacher performance.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect contributions of school principals transformational leadership, work climate, and achievement motivation on the performance of elementary school teachers in Teweh Baru District, North Barito Regency. The method used in this study is a correlational method with a quantitative approach that is formalized into a path analysis model. 263 teachers from 25 elementary schools in Teweh Baru District, North Barito Regency constituted the study population. 159 respondents were chosen for the study sample using the proportional allocation formula and simple proportionate random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires about the principal s transformational leadership (35 items), the work climate (35 items), achievement motivation (40 items), and teacher performance (40 items), and data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, the classical assumption test, test hypothesis, and path analysis (path analysis). This study instrument was tested for the level of validity and reliability using the product moment person correlation test. Study data were analyzed using path analysis to see the direct and indirect effects between variables. By first using the normality test, linearity test, and multicollinearity test. The results of the study show that there is a contribution of the principal s leadership, work climate, and achievement motivation to teacher performance both directly and indirectly.

Teacher performance is the work accomplished by a teacher in the completion of the specified responsibilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of principal management performance, work climate, and work motivation on the performance of elementary school teachers in the Awayan District. This study is quantitative correlation research. Using proportional random sampling technique, 112 respondents were selected as research samples from the population of 156 teachers. Data is collected by using a questionnaire instrument and it is analyzed by utilizing descriptive analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis. The findings of this study indicate that the variable regression value is a positive number, such as the regression coefficient of principal management performance on teacher performance (X1-Y) of 0.583, the regression coefficient of principal management performance on teacher work motivation (X1-Z) of 0.533, the climate regression coefficient of school work on teacher performance (X2-Y) of 0.412, and the regression coefficient of work climate on work motivation (X2-Z) of 0.659. This study concludes that principal management performance, work climate, and motivation have direct and indirect effects on the performance of elementary school teachers in the Awayan District. It is suggested to school principals and teachers to sustain high levels of management performance, climate, and teacher performance. Other researchers may examine other variables that can affect teacher performance.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect correlation between principal leadership, subordinate maturity and achievement motivation with the work-related stress of public teachers at Bukit Batu District, Palangkaraya. The researchers used a correlational method with a quantitative approach which was formulated into a path analysis model. The study population of this study consisted of 171 teachers from 16 elementary schools in Bukit Batu District and 119 respondents were taken as the research sample using the proportional sampling technique. The researchers used a questionnaire to collect the data. The data analysis used was descriptive analysis, classic assumption test, hypothesis testing and path analysis. The results of the analysis of the regression coefficient value of the principal leadership variable (X1) and work-related stress (Y) are -0.253, school principal leadership (X2) and achievement motivation (Z) are 0.264, subordinate maturity (X2) and work-related stress (Y) are - 0.342, subordinate maturity (X2) and achievement motivation (Z) of 0.596, achievement motivation (Z) and work-related stress (Y) of -0.288, principal leadership (X1) and work-related stress (Y) through achievement motivation (Z) of -0.076 and maturity of subordinates (X2) and work-related stress (Y) through achievement motivation of -0.157. The conclusions of this study is a description of the principals leadership in the high category, subordinate maturity, achievement motivation and workrelated stress of SDN teachers in Bukit Batu District in the medium category. There is a significant direct correlation between principal leadership, subordinate maturity and achievement motivation with teacher work-related stress. There is an indirect correlation between principal leadership and subordinate maturity with teacher stress through achievement motivation at SDN Bukit Batu District, Palangkaraya.

This study aims to describe SMP IT Ar-Rasyid and SMP Negeri 1 Batu Licin students practices of character values implementation about curriculum management, participation management, empowerment management, and partnership management. This study was conducted at SMP IT Ar-Rasyid and SMPN 1 Batu Licin utilizing a qualitative, phenomenological case study research design. Principals, vice principals, teachers, and students were the primary sources of information. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis of the collected data was done through reduction, drawing conclusions, presentation, and verification. The first finding is that the implementation of character values development in students of SMP IT Ar-Rasyid and SMP Negeri 1 Batu Licin is the management of curriculum implementation to shape the character of students. It demonstrated that the character education process of students is in accordance with the activity program planning and the lesson plan. The second finding is related to the implementation of character values development in the parents of students at SMP IT Ar-Rasyid and SMP Negeri 1 Batu Licin. It is the implementation of management participation of parents of students to form the disciplined character of students at home with habits such as sh a lat Dhuha, habituation of patriotism, habituation of sunnah and obligatory prayers, and exercise habituation. The third finding is the implementation of instilling character values regarding empowerment management in teachers and students of SMP IT Ar-Rasyid and SMP Negeri 1 Batu Licin. This is the implementation of empowerment to form the character of responsibility, as evidenced by the student monitoring book program and the implementation of structured tasks for Mabit and Imtaq activities. The last finding is implementation of character values development for relationship management with government agencies for students of SMP IT Ar-Rasyid and SMP Negeri 1 Batu Licin.

This article attempts to analyze the foundations of the spiritual values of the people of Uzbekistan, which are primarily reflected in rituals and holidays. In turn, there is a parallel analysis of the formation and development of holidays in the process of life, the conditions for their constant honing and improvement. A well-organized holiday always has its own characteristics. In this event, everyone should feel like a participant in it. In no case should the impression of coercion to certain actions be created. The holiday should charge the participants with its energy, thanks to it, misunderstandings, if any, should disappear between them. During the holiday, many conflicts can be resolved. The purpose of the holiday is not to suppress them, but to work them out. We are not talking about the fact that the contradiction will disappear completely, during the holiday it is smoothed out. Any cultural - mass holiday or event has its own scenario. It is based on actions that are diverse in nature. These activities are based on the program, and can also be improvised, which involves the creative expression of each of the participants. The script of the holiday must be well-written. It is worth noting that it is no less important than the chosen place, premises, design, quality of service and the rest. The script, first of all, determines the interest of the guests. If the guests are not bored, then the holiday was a success, and the script was written correctly.

This research study used a qualitative descriptive approach with a multi-site research design. The data was collected by using interview, observation, and occupancy techniques. The subjects of this study were principals, vice principals, teachers, and educators at SD-IT Robbani Banjarbaru and SD-IT Qardhan Hasana Banjarbaru. This study used an interactive data analysis model from Hubberman and Miles, with the stages of the data collection, presentation of the data collection, and drawing conclusions and checking the validity of findings carried out with credibility, dependability, and confirmobility. After the data was collected, it was carried out with a single site and then continued with cross-site analysis. The results of this study are the leadership role of the principal has good leadership skills and has broad insights, which has a democratic style in leading to achieve common goals and the principal supervises at least twice a semester to improve the learning process and improve the quality of education. In improving the quality of education, there are several supporting and inhibiting factors, namely those that involve the ability to innovate principals, professional teachers and complete infrastructure.

This study aims to create a satisfaction-based Digital Service Excellence (DSE) measurement instrument through strengthening digital literacy for education staff in DKI Jakarta. The digital service excellence measurement instrument developed by researchers refers to the Servqual model which is modified according to field requirements. The unit of analysis in this study was students of state junior high schools in DKI Jakarta, with an affordable population of 413 state junior high school students, which was carried out by proportional random sampling. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method, with data collection techniques through distributing questionnaires, and data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics. The results of this study indicate that overall the level of student satisfaction with digital service excellence for education staff in Indonesia is quite satisfied. The results of measuring student satisfaction on the dimensions of administrative services, library services, laboratory services, and digital service excellence special services were also quite satisfied. Satisfaction-based digital service excellence measurement instruments resulting from this study can be used as an instrument for evaluating the competence of education staff in Indonesia.

The aim of this study is to analyze the basic considerations of judges in deciding to acquit perpetrators of fraud or embezzlement (Case Study of Suoharjo District Court Decision Number: 194Pid.B2021PN.Skh.). This research uses a normative juridical method. Normative legal research is studied based on rules or norms which are the basis for behaving according to the rules that apply in society which are considered appropriate and appropriate in the national legal system. That the basis for the judges consideration was to acquit the perpetrators of the crime of fraud or embezzlement (Case Study of Sukoharjo District Court Decision Number: 194Pid.B2021PN. Skh) is based on the provisions of Article 191 paragraph 1 which reads "If the court is of the opinion that from the results of the examination at the trial court the guilt of the actions charged against him has not been legally and convincingly proven, then he is acquitted". Where the subjective and objective elements in the Prosecutors Indictment in Articles 378 or 372 are not legally and convincingly proven. Based on the provisions of Supreme Court Regulation No. 1, the case against the perpetrator should have been suspended, given the fact that there was an agreement that became the realm of civil law.

The aim of this study is to analyze the basic considerations of judges in deciding to acquit perpetrators of fraud or embezzlement (Case Study of Suoharjo District Court Decision Number: 194Pid.B2021PN.Skh.). This research uses a normative juridical method. Normative legal research is studied based on rules or norms which are the basis for behaving according to the rules that apply in society which are considered appropriate and appropriate in the national legal system. That the basis for the judges consideration was to acquit the perpetrators of the crime of fraud or embezzlement (Case Study of Sukoharjo District Court Decision Number: 194Pid.B2021PN. Skh) is based on the provisions of Article 191 paragraph 1 which reads "If the court is of the opinion that from the results of the examination at the trial court the guilt of the actions charged against him has not been legally and convincingly proven, then he is acquitted". Where the subjective and objective elements in the Prosecutors Indictment in Articles 378 or 372 are not legally and convincingly proven. Based on the provisions of Supreme Court Regulation No. 1, the case against the perpetrator should have been suspended, given the fact that there was an agreement that became the realm of civil law.

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of the principals transformational leadership, work culture and work environment on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB). This research is a correlational study with a quantitative approach which is formulated into a path analysis model. The research population was 165 with a research sample of 117 people. The data was collected using instruments consisting of the principals transformational leadership (42 items), work culture (30 items), work environment (24 items), and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB) (30 items) which have been tested for validity and reliability. The researchers used path analysis to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of transformational leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB), transformational leadership on the work environment, transformational leadership on work culture, work environment on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB), work culture on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB), transformational leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB) through the work environment, and transformational leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB) through the work environment.

This study aims to describe and analyze the effect of school-based management on teacher performance through teacher commitment and the use of learning resources at madrasah ibtidaiyah in North Banjarmasin. This method of this study is quantitative method. The population in this study was all teachers of madrasah ibtidaiyah in North Banjarmasin as many as 304 people, and the sample of this study was 173 people. The hypothesis test design used was to test the effect of free variables (school-based management) on teacher performance-bound variables through teacher commitment and utilization of learning resources at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah in North Banjarmasin using the path analysis. The results of this research showed that there is a direct effect of school-based management on teacher performance through teacher commitment at madrasah ibtidaiyah in North Banjarmasin. There is a direct effect of school-based management on teacher performance through the use of learning resources at madrasah ibtidaiyah in North Banjarmasin. There is a direct effect of school-based management on teacher performance at madrasah ibtidaiyah in North Banjarmasin. There is a direct effect of commitment to teacher performance at madrasah ibtidaiyah in North Banjarmasin. There is a direct effect of the use of learning resources on the performance of teachers at madrasah ibtidaiyah in North Banjarmasin. There is an indirect effect of school-based management on teacher performance through teacher commitment at madrasah ibtidaiyah in North Banjarmasin.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the principal situational leadership, work climate, and morale on performance. This study used a quantitative study with pathway analysis. The study population was 296 people with 170 people as the samples. The data collected was carried out using instruments consisting of situational leadership (40 items), work climate (2 4 items), morale (20 items), and performance (26 item) that has been tested for validity and reliability. The data was analyzed using a path analysis. The results of the study showed that there is an effect of situational leadership on performance, work climate on performance, morale work on performance, principal situational leadership morale, work climate on morale, principal situational leadership performance through morale, and work climate on performance through work morale.

Teacher professional attitude, particularly at the State High Schools in the Balangan Regency, is relatively average. Moreover, the teaching and learning activities have not fully reflected the 21st-century learning. In addition to the teachers individual responsibilities, the principal is the main driving force of instructional activities in the school. Thus, this research study aims to investigate the direct and indirect effects of the principals situational leadership, communication, and work culture on the professional attitudes of state high school teachers in the Balangan Regency. The population of this study consists of as many as 189 teachers from State High Schools in Balangan Regency, with a sample size of 128 using Simple Random Sampling technique. The researchers used descriptive techniques and path analysis to analyze the data. Utilizing the principals situational leadership instruments (17 items), communication (30 items), work culture (35 items), and teacher professional attitudes, the data was collected (25 items). The results indicated that there is an effect of principal situational leadership on teacher professional attitudes, communication, and work culture, communication on teacher professional attitudes, work culture towards the professional attitude of the teacher, communication towards the work culture, and the indirect effect of situational principal leadership on the professional attitude of the teacher through communication and work culture. Situational leadership, communication, work culture, and the professional attitude of teachers are relevant.

Singapadu Kaler Village is a village located in Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency, Bali Province. This village was formed in 1991. Singapadu Kaler Village consists of five (5) service hamlets namely Silakarang, Kederi, Samu, Belang and Belang Kaler. The population of Singapadu Kaler Village until 2020 totals 6645 people consisting of 3,271 men and 3,374 women. Most of the villagers livelihoods are farmers so that the village is proclaimed as an agro-tourism. In Singapadu Village there is a Suka Tawa Farmers Group which is a group that raises Etawa Peranakan PE goats which are dairy goats to produce goat milk products. However, this group does not yet know and provide quality or superior forage forage, so they still make use of the forages leaves around them. In addition to raising goats, varied forage is also needed of good quality, knowledge of good feed formulation techniques for dairy goats is needed so that they can provide optimal milk production. Group members wish to get superior forage seeds, as well as assistance with planting them and also appropriate feed formulation techniques for PE goats, so that quality forage will be available throughout the year. The activity will be carried out at the Suka Tawa Farmer Group in Singapadu Kaler Village, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency, Bali. The Suka Tawa Livestock Group is familiar with several superior forages, masters the cultivation technology, ration formulation and understands and understands the nutritional needs of Etawa Breeding Goats. Technology mastery is almost 80%, so it is necessary to provide further assistance to the group during the first, second cutting and forage maintenance and presentation techniques so that the forage remains of good quality.

This study aims to analyze the effect of compensation and interpersonal communication on performance through job satisfaction of elementary school honorary teachers in West Banjarmasin. The researchers used quantitative method with a population of all honorary teachers in 42 elementary schools. The sampling technique was Non-probability Sampling. The total sample was 147 people with data collection using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The validity and reliability tests were done using Alpha Cronbach which consists of honorary teacher performance (30 items), compensation (35 items), interpersonal communication (23 items) and job satisfaction (25 items). The data were analyzed through path analysis by first conducting assumption tests, namely normality, linearity and multicolonierity tests. The results of the study showed that there was an effect between: (1) compensation on performance, (2) interpersonal communication on performance, (3) compensation for job satisfaction, (4) interpersonal communication on job satisfaction, (5) job satisfaction with performance, (6) compensation for performance through job satisfaction and (7) interpersonal communication towards performance through job satisfaction.

Corruption is a major problem faced by all nations in the world, including the Indonesian nation. The problem of corruption is very influential on not achieving the goals of the Indonesian nation, namely the welfare of all Indonesian people. State finances should be used for the welfare of the Indonesian people, because the actions of corruptors who use state money are only for their personal or group interests, so that the goals of the state cannot be achieved, and will only cause misery for the people of Indonesia. Eradication of criminal acts of corruption in Indonesia cannot only be carried out by state institutions, but it is necessary to have efforts to eradicate corruption from all Indonesian people, by building a legal culture of eradicating corruption.

Work This research is to find out how far changes in compensation, protection, and leadership can positively impact job satisfaction and work loyalty in environmental and sanitation agencies in Aceh, Indonesia. The total sample is 308 employees tested using the structural equation modeling analysis method. The study results explain that changes in compensation, leadership, and protection positively and significantly affect job satisfaction and employee loyalty. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant influence on employee loyalty. Likewise, job satisfaction partially mediates through compensation, protection, and leadership changes in increasing work loyalty. It recommended that the Indonesian Aceh government immediately implement an integrated system in establishing policies for changing compensation, protection guarantees, and service leadership so that employees are always diligent in working to achieve a beautiful and comfortable living environment in Aceh.

This study examines how Climate Change and its effects on humanity have continued to extend beyond the well-known frontiers. One of such issue that is yet to be sufficiently explored is the consequences of climate change on security and conflicts around the world. In Nigeria, effects of climate change such as desertification and water scarcity have constituted a major security threat to the peace and unity of the country. In recent times, the country has been engulfed in a recurrent decimal of conflicts; between the herders who are mostly Muslims, and farmers/landowners who are predominantly Christians. This situation has led to a general perception that the conflict is a planned domination, and conversion of the Cristian tribes of the middle belt and southern Nigeria into Islam. But this study looks at the conflict from the view of Greed and Grievance theory. Relevant data gathered from secondary sources formed the bedrock of the study. In analysing of data, “descriptive analysis” was used as the main analytical tool for the study. The study has been able to empirically prove that the conflict has been triggered by climate change, which has led to the pastoralist migrating from north to the southern part of the country in search of foliage and water for their animals. And that no sufficient link to a jihadist agenda has been found as widely perceived. The lackadaisical handling of the conflict by the Federal government and security agencies in Nigeria seems to have greatly contributed to the lingering of the conflict for a long time.

The presence of play in life raises questions about its relationship with human development, behavioral functions, particularly physical, social-emotional and cognitive. Since attention is one of the cognitive functions that regulate human functioning, the study of its development led us to analyze its relationship with gender in children in play situations. To do this, we selected 144 children aged 7 to 11 years, 72 of whom were girls and 72 boys from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds in Abidjan. These subjects were selected on the basis of a questionnaire and trained to play "4-cross" (traditional game) and video rally (electronic game). These participants were evaluated by the Double Barrage Test (T-2-B) of Zazzo (1969) and the Continuous Performance Test of Rosvold et al. (1956) adapted (WinCPT). The results of these tests do not show a significant difference between the performance of girls and boys. However, a qualitative analysis shows a tendency to differences in the strategies used by girls and boys in the execution of attention tasks. Boys tend to use visual and spatial strategies more often. They are faster in certain spatial-visual tasks and use more autonomous strategies, which are better adapted to new situations. On the other hand, girls tend to be faster in processing certain types of information : in perceptual speed and inaccuracy. These results, which do not confirm the hypothesis, converge with some previous work.

The present study investigated the mediating role of job satisfaction influencing the impact of perceived organizational support (POS) on employee performance among 215 employees working in different organizations in Hattar Industrial Estate Pakistan. The data was collected through a well-designed questionnaire, which was adopted after a brief literature review. The study relied on different statistical tests such as frequency distribution, descriptive statistics, Pearsons correlation, step-wise regression, and structural equation modeling. Results showed higher internal consistency among the scales used in the questionnaire representing different factors. The econometric findings revealed that POS along with control variables i.e. age, gender, education, income, and total experience is responsible for around 41.6% variation in employee performance increased to 68.9% with the inclusion of job satisfaction. The SEM results showed that job satisfaction positively mediates the relationship between POS and employee performance, where the coefficient value of the indirect effect is recorded statistically significant at 5%. The findings of the current study implied that for organizations it is not enough to promote POS culture to increase employee performance rather it is important to encourage and care about employee satisfaction first and then encourage POS-related policies.

This academic study aims to know what are the sources of happiness from the perspective of different generations. This research is founded on the Hedonism Theory & Emotional State View, Life Satisfaction Theory & Hybrid Theories, Positive Psychology Theory, Strauss-Howe Generational Theory, and Mannheims Theory of Generation. The study was a qualitative research design, a phenomenological approach, a semi-structured interview was used, and purposive sampling. The significant statements were thoroughly examined and organized into themes. It was found that (1) For Generation Alpha, liberty is equated with happiness. It was an emotional touch for Generation Z, and knowing that their family is happy makes both Xennials and Generation X happy. Generation Jones values close relationships with loved ones, while Baby Boomers have the softest hearts and are always concerned about their loved ones. (2) Family relationships, trends, and accustom are three timely external factors influencing each generations perspective on happiness. (3) As a result of being a happy person, different core values emerge, which at the very least inspired or motivated them.

Smoked fish is one of the processed fish products that are commonly found in Penatarsewu Village, Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo Regency. Smoked fish is a fish product that has gone through a smoking process. Fish smoking is a food processing technology that has been known for a long time. Smoking is done by penetrating volatile compounds from burning wood in fish [3] which can produce products with specific flavors and aromas [4]. So far, the production of smoked fish carried out in Penatsewu Village is still using traditional methods which are considered less hygienic and the results obtained are not uniform [5]. Thus the quality of smoked fish produced is inconsistent and there is no guarantee of the safety of smoked fish products for consumers [6]. Therefore, an environmentally friendly fumigation device was developed. This fish smoking device called environmentally friendly is a modern smoker which is expected to be a solution to problems in the production of smoked fish which has not been optimal so far. In the process, smoking using an environmentally friendly smoker is more hygienic than traditional smoking [7]. Smoking with an environmentally friendly smoker has a longer shelf life than traditional smoking. The use of different types of smoking fuel can affect the quality of smoked fish produced [8]. There are several commodities that produce waste that can be used as fuel for smoke, including siwalan coir, corn cobs and coconut shells.

Girl-child is a biological female offspring from birth to eighteen (18) years of (Offorma, 2009). Girls education is also about ensuring that girls learn and feel safe while in school; complete all levels of education with the skills to effectively compete in the labor market; learn the socio-emotional and life skills necessary to navigate and adapt to a changing world; make decisions about their own lives and contribute to their communities and the world (Tembon & Fort, 2008). Community radio is a radio of the people by the people and for the people which need to broadcast developmental programs. Community radio should be able to broadcast educational related programs like youth speak up, especially with respect to Girl-child education. This will help change the perception of the local people about educating the girl-child. It is within this perspective that, community radio can be used as a tool towards enhancing Girl-child education towards an ameliorated national development within Kumbungu District using the Mixed Method Approach (Quantitative and Qualitative methods), and informants interviews and; Semi-structured questionnaires for household interviews to assess how community-based radio can be used to bring about effective Girl-Child education. The study also used both secondary and primary data with the help of self-administered questionnaire. 150 respondents were interviewed within 5 communities in the study area using both simple random and purposive sampling. It was realized that, there was least participation of members in programing within the study area. It was also found that factors such as age, marital status, and community radio influence, perception of Girl-Child education and program influenced were independent variables that influenced effective radio programs listening towards Girl-Child education.

Communication plays an important role in the successful operation of organizations. During crises, the survival of these organizations highly depends on its response structure. This study delved into how social media and Web 2.0 technologies like Facebook are used to manage the effects of fire outbreaks in Senior High Schools in Ghana, using Saint Charles Senior High School as a case study. The study sought to ascertain the knowledge respondents have on the use of Facebook, and the challenges they encounter, in managing and responding to fire outbreaks. The study also proposed the reinforcement and integration of Facebook in the schools crisis response. The study adopted the mixed method approach to obtain information through the use of key interview guides and personal interviews. From the survey, 31.1 % of respondents stated that the impact of the use of Facebook in communicating the fire outbreak was satisfactory. Another 31.1 % of the respondents said the impact was effective and 26.7 % said the impact was weak. The last 11.1 % of the respondents said that its impact was very effective. Generally, 88.9 % were of the view that the use of Facebook did not pose any challenge in managing the crisis while 11.1 % of the respondents thought it posed some challenges. The study recommended that the school should create accounts on other platforms so they can be easily accessible. The study advocated for the review of Ghana Education Services (GES) policies on banning the use of mobile phones in schools as this would help inform students of fire safety precautions. Finally, it was recommended that the school should use quality electrical wires and appliances. Policy regulations for building wiring should be reinforced by Northern Electricity Distribution Company (NEDCo) and Ghana Grid Company (GRIDCo) as this would help reduce fire outbreaks.

with the development of information technology and cross-border logistics, and the bilateral trade policy support, cross-border e-commerce between China and Russia experienced a rapid growth in the past decade. To date, AliExpress Russia, the e-commerce platform under Alibaba Group, becomes the largest cross-border e-commerce platform in Russia. Although the transaction scale of AliExpress Russia, as reflected by Gross Merchandise Volume, achieved a steady growth in recent years, the market share of AliExpress Russia was gradually overtaken by Wildberries and Ozon (two Russian e-commerce enterprises) since 2018. This paper is aiming to determine the underlying reasons on the declination of the market share encountered by AliExpress Russia. A systematic analytical method, the SWOT analysis, is employed to reveal the internal and external environment of the cross-border platform simultaneously. It is possible to determine the problem of infringement and counterfeiting, costly and inefficient logistics, and underdeveloped credit system are three internal factors impinging the development of AliExpress Russia platform. Moreover, increased level of market competition combined with tightened cross-border e-commerce policy are two external threats. It is believed that the Alibaba Group should adopt the SO (Strengths – Opportunities) and ST (Strengths – Threats) strategy to combine its internal advantages and external opportunities while minimizing its potential risk exposure. By optimizing supply chain system, deepening localization process, constructing a diversified payment system with high reliability, and improving the companies core competitiveness, AliExpress Russia can seize the opportunity of promising future Russian e-commerce market and develop its brand influence.

The observation results show that students critical thinking skills are still low. This is due to low learning activity, lack of teacher innovation, teachers do not pay attention to initial abilities and conventional learning. Efforts that can be made to overcome this problem are by using the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) learning model. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of the CTL model and initial abilities on students critical thinking skills in science learning. This research is a quasi-experimental research. The research population was students of class VII MTsN 2 Kerinci. The sample was taken by purposive sampling, so class VIId was the control class and class VIIc was the experimental class. Data analysis on hypothesis testing was carried out using two-way ANOVA. The research results obtained were (1) The average value of critical thinking skills in the experimental class was 78.02 with high criteria while the control class was 67.60 with moderate criteria. (2) The value of students critical thinking skills with high initial abilities in the experimental class was 83.96 with very high criteria while the control class was 72.12 with high criteria. (3) The value of critical thinking skills of students with low initial abilities in the experimental class was 72.08 with high criteria while the control class was 62.08 with low criteria. (4) There is no interaction between the CTL learning model and students initial abilities in influencing students critical thinking skills.

Partnerships and other forms of public participation in decision-making have become central to policy-making. The phenomenon of the limitation of sugar factories in obtaining supplies of raw sugarcane, because they do not have their land or limited land, has led to a partnership relationship between sugar factories and sugarcane farmers as a solution. The focus of this article is to visualize sub-contract partnerships in the smallholder sugarcane sector from the initial process to the impact of the partnership, by adopting from the perspective of the partnership model of Boeck and Wamba, between The Lestari Sugar Factory partnership with the Sugarcane Farmers Group in Kertosono, Nganjuk Regency, Indonesia. In this analytical descriptive study, using a case survey method, data was collected with a qualitative approach to observation, semi-structured interviews, and document review. The results of the study show that organizational maturity contributes to the partnership loyalty of smallholder sugarcane farmer groups, but in the perspective of Boeck and Wamba, the results of the collaboration have not been optimal because there are still differences of opinion between the two parties in terms of profit sharing. The findings of the study suggest that to increase the loyalty of smallholder sugarcane farmers group partnership with Lestari Sugar Factory, a commitment is needed to increase the peoples sugarcane purchase price and the need to improve the cooperation agreement by completing the sanctions element for sugarcane farmers who do not provide sugarcane raw materials according to the agreement

This study aims to determine the factors that influence the level of public political participation in the general election of the Regional Head of Kubu Raya Regency in 2013. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects or informants in this study were essential informants, principal informants, and key informants. Two sources of data were used in this study, namely primary and secondary data. The results of the study indicate that there are five types of factors that influence political participation: 1) a factor that stimulates participation, the emergence of the influence of someone who wants to contribute to political life; 2) the figure popularity factor, indirectly informants automatically choose a partner they already know; 3) factors of personal characteristics of voters, approach forms the personal characteristics of an individual included in the character of the electorate; 4) socio-political factors of social status, including several factors such as economy, group, race, ethnicity, ones beliefs; 5) the role of social institutions, public political participation can be increased through social institutions.

This work aims to make a practical application of an analysis with financial ratios and then draw several conclusions. Through these, we can highlight that the company obtains guidelines for its strategy in terms of implementation and control. The different ratios support different areas and should therefore be analyzed by type of ratio. This study is an academical example, and should be seen by this point of view

Listening and reading are indisputably receptive skills that provide learners with language input through the discourse they see or hear. Teaching them separately at the University level has many benefits as well as stumbling blocks in the learning process. Thus, many researchers argue for integrating listening into reading since there is a significant positive correlation between them. Admittedly, the present research is a plea for the idea of integrating the two skills to enhance a high level of learners comprehension. To attain this objective, this study is an attempt to determine whether there is a significant relationship between listening and reading in argumentative discourse. To test this hypothesis, 92 Semester 4 participants studying at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Moulay Ismail in Meknes, ENS (Ecole Normale Supérieure) in Meknes, as well as the Faculty of Language, Letters, and Arts, Ibn Tofail in Kenitra were administered listening and reading proficiency tests to examine their abilities in comprehending listening and reading texts in the argumentative mode of discourse. To this end, two types of instruments namely Pearson product-moment correlation and simple linear regression have been used to analyze the data collected. The results revealed that there is a positive correlation between listening and reading (r= .60, p=< 0.001). Therefore, given this positive correlation, several pedagogical recommendations related to its pedagogical implications have been put forwards for practitioners and syllabus designers to reflect on and draw on to strengthen students listening and reading abilities in argumentative discourse.

with rapid economic development and deeper internationalization process, the international trade of Chinese goods and services are no longer restricted on labor-intensive products. In recent ten years, the exporting of Chinese books copyrights on Chinese publications demonstrated a booming trend. However, despite the rapid development of exporting business of Chinese books copyrights, the exporting volume to United States, however, only contributes approximately 9% of the entire exporting volume. This paper begins by summarizing the contemporary status of exporting Chinese books copyrights to United States, which attempts to investigate the underlying reasons on impeding the exporting business. Several problems have revealed through the study including insufficient copyright protection legislative system, limited book genres, unitary advertising and distribution channel, and the deficiency of publishing trade practitioners. The corresponding recommendations have been proposed from the governmental, industrial as well as enterprise perspective, which aims to tackle the problem encountered by Chinese books copyrights exporting business.

This article aims to find out the insolvency that occurred for the cancellation of the pkpu peace (homologation) in the Savings and Loans Cooperative and the legal consequences that occurred for the insolvency. This research uses normative or doctrinal legal research methods that are perspective or applied. This research uses primary and secondary sources of legal material. The analyst technique used is the syllogism method which uses a deductive thinking pattern. Based on the results of this study can be concluded. The analyst technique used is the syllogism method which uses a deductive thinking pattern. Based on the results of this study can be concluded. The cancellation of peace (Homologation) for the Cassation decision with Register Number: 874K Pdt.Sus –Bankruptcy 2022 resulted in the bankruptcy of the Intidana Savings and Loan Cooperative and had an impact on the dissolution of the Intidana Savings and Loans Cooperative. In this case, based on Articles 170, 171, 291 of Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning Insolvency and PKPU as well as Articles 46 and 47 of Law No. 25 of 1992 concerning Cooperatives. In addition, the legal facts state that the Intidana Savings and Loan Cooperative (defendant) has neglected its agreement on the peace agreement (homologation) causing the losses suffered by the plaintiffs. Meanwhile, the legal consequences of Decision No. 874K Pdt.Sus -Bankrupt 2022, namely the Intidana Savings and Loans Cooperative cannot manage, control the cooperatives property and lose the ability to carry out legal actions that provide losses to bankruptcy assets. In addition, another impact was the dissolution of the legal entity of the Intidana Savings and Loans Cooperative which resulted in the Cooperative being unable to operate and resume its business.

The article discusses the jung sets, that is, the set of sharia rulings - programs (codes) compiled by mufti (jurist), a?lam (senior jurist) and qazi (judge) in Mawarannahr. Information is given about the composition and copies of jungs for whom and for what purpose they were created. A valid jurisprudential issue recognized by local scholars over the years in order to coordinate proceedings in the local judicial system. The various jung collections consisting of fatwas, different aspects in content and content, their aspects related to religious and social processes that occurred in each period are shown. In them, shariah laws and fatwas were systematically issued, which were used as legal codes by qazikhona officials. In this way, information is given about jung and their copies compiled during the period of the Emirate Bukhara and the khanates of Khiva and Kokand. Although the format, size, and scope of the issues of the complexes differ from each other, there are aspects that connect them. The compilers of jungs used the shari a rulings (ma mula) that have been in practice among the people who are in charge of the dispensation of justice in khanates for centuries when referring to the sources.

Oriental poetry is often devoted to romantic, mystical, religious, social, political themes, and is written in extremely beautiful and soul-shaking tones. Persian poet Shamsiddin Muhammad ?afe?-e Shirazi (1325-1390) is considered the father of Near Eastern and Middle Eastern lyrics. He connects the mystical ghazals of Mawlana Rumi and the romantic ghazals of Saadi, gives freedom to the verses of the ghazal and creates a new twist in it. Poetry methods: Iham and Ibham are one of the features of ?afe?-e Shirazi s style, and the concepts of “Rind”, “Rindana”, “Rinds” and “Rind school” were used more than 80 times in ?afe?-e Shirazi s divan. This article talks about the content and essence of the concept of “Rind” in Eastern poetry.

Considerations of Judges Decision 451 K TUN 2019 In Issuing Certificates of Ownership Without Objects, raises a problem, namely how are judges considerations in deciding cases of certificates of ownership issued without objects in the Makassar State Administrative Court decision number 49 G 2018 PTUN.Mks, Makassar State Administrative High Court decision number 20 B 2019 PTTUN.Mks. and legal protection for owners of land rights SHM No. 22142 Gunung Sari, with an area of 10,065 M2 in the name of Haji Muhammad Zikir which has been revoked and crossed out from the register book of the Makassar City Land Office based on Supreme Court decision number 451 K TUN 2019. The results of the analysis are that it is a weakness of our justice system, especially the state administrative court institutions that do not review the object of the dispute. Judges considerations in deciding cases of property rights certificates are issued without objects. first, courts of appeal and courts of cassation. Legal protection for certificate holders without land objects is given the right to sue the PTUN against BPN, and the holder is only given rights protection in line with the form of protection for certificate owners which is part of the 1945 Constitution article 1 (paragraph) 3 relating to the rule of law, as well as Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 article 4.

The article analyzes the legislation and state programs of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the activities of investigative bodies for the prevention of juvenile crimes, as well as the international experience of foreign countries, identifies typical circumstances that contribute to the commission of crimes by minors in the countries of Central Asia, influencing factors in the behavior of minors, identifying the causes and conditions that contributed to the commission crimes, the beginning and end of the prevention of crimes by the investigator, the author also establishes that the timely establishment and initiation of criminal cases against minors leads to early prevention of crimes [1.11-12], the preventive nature of the specified procedural institution is evidenced by criminal procedural measures of coercion, in the article the author believes that the institute of termination of a criminal case [1. 11-12] on the grounds of reconciliation, it has the potential character of prevention, that is, the accused is not subjected to the procedure of litigation va, then the essence of making submissions to the relevant institutions, the incident of the number of submissions made, as well as the further actions of the investigator to execute the submission made, are further discussed and non-procedural forms of prevention, such as speeches in the media, personal conversations with officials, publication of articles, notes in the press.

Day by day, as China is opening up and coming up in economy, affinity grows between the Chinese and the Igbos of Nigeria. The Igbos being doggedly industrious in their yearnings for more economic prosperity have seen the need to cooperate with the Chinese more frequently, same way has the Chinese people seen need to cooperate more with the Igbos who are the main drivers of Nigerian economy. This, resultantly, raises the need for both sides to have a good hold of each others culture. This paper, therefore, has focused on Igbo marriage culture and Chinese marriage culture. The paper, based on the literature survey methods and analysis of primary data, attempts to show the similarities and differences in marriage culture between the Chinese and the Igbos using their “marriage custom” and “marriage sense”. The research went further to analyze the reasons behind the foregoing through contrasting their differences. The research reveals that traditional culture plays a leading role in each of the cultures in the areas of marriage values, history, religion, politics and geography.

As one of the valuable momentum and opportunities to accelerate growth and progress, it is only appropriate that the demographic bonus phenomenon be considered and followed up through a series of policy actions, so that the demographic bonus phenomenon can bring optimal benefits to the City of Tegal. The main actions (which are then translated into more specific actions), namely policies to improve the quality of education and improve the quality of health. The demographic bonus in the city of Tegal will occur in 2020 and 2021. From the results of research in the demographic bonus year in the field of education, it was found that 28% of the elementary school age population, 13% of the junior high school age population and 2% of the high school vocational school age population did not attend school and there was an increase in the school age population which required attention and anticipation by the Tegal City government by preparing facilities and adequate educational infrastructure. In the health sector, there is an excess of patients handled at each existing community health centers (puskesmas), there is an excess of patients around 3 times the standard of service where 1 hospital in Tegal City is projected to treat 95837 people in 2020 and 95118 people in 2021 an increase of 35% . Besides that, there is also an excess of 2-3 times the number of the population aged 0-5 years or toddlers handled by 1 posyandu and a lack of midwifery staff to serve the population surge. The results of the analysis need to add health centers, integrated service post (posyandu) and at least 380 midwifery staff with the aim of achieving healthy families who have adequate nutrition and have productive value in the future, so health development policies and programs must rely on preventive and promotive approaches as the main pillars. accelerate community nutrition improvement and implementation of health protocols, immunization week as optimal as possible

Every year the number of sexual abuse experienced by children in Indonesia continues to increase; this attracts the authors attention to study more deeply about legal protection for child victims of sexual crimes. In the Elucidation of Article 71 D Paragraph (1) of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection as amended by Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2016 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 1 the Year 2016, “Restitution” is the payment of compensation charged to the perpetrator based on a court decision with the permanent legal force for material and or immaterial losses suffered by the victim or his heirs. From this study, it was found that there is legal protection for children who are victims of sexual crimes, namely through the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 17 of 2016 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2016 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. Became Law. The law regulates the right of restitution for child victims of sexual crimes. The implementation of granting restitution rights for child victims of sexual crimes is held in Article 71D paragraph (1) of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection as amended through Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2014 2016 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2016. It is further stated that the implementation of the right to restitution is precisely regulated in Government Regulation 43 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Restitution for Children Who Are Victims of Crime. The performance of the right to restitution has obstacles. Three factors affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the right to restitution of children: legal, law enforcement, and community

The continuously evolvement of complex conflicts like terrorism and cyber warfare necessitate the quest for theories that are relevant and applicable across the global geographical divide. This triangulation of theories aids to a better understanding of how past and present human relations, historical dynamics and material conditions intersect to shape conditions for conflict and peace. Few researchers have inquired how the triangulation of old and new theories can enhance an understanding of modern democratic transitions. To address this research gap, I reflect on transitology and feminist epistemology, to explore their relevance, rationality and value addition to the study of conflict transformation in modern Africa. Transitology, one of the oldest theoretical frameworks that enhanced the study of conflict transformation in the West before the end of the Cold War, is majorly criticised as outdated and irrelevant to the study of modern governance and democracy processes (Mohamedou & Sisk, 2017; Saxonberg and Linde, 2016). Likewise feminist epistemology is criticised for narrowly focusing on women and girls rights, thus detaching itself from realities of conflict and peace studies (True, 2014; Anderson, 2020). Against this background, I strive to establish the link between transitology - a framework of theories of change towards democracy and feminist epistemology - a framework of theories of change towards inclusive conceptualisations of knowledge, to prove the relevance and rationality of both frameworks, and their capability to catalyse democratic practice towards egalitarian relations and societies. This study contributes to new modalities of knowledge production in the field of women, peace and security. Using secondary data from seventy-five articles, I juxtapose transitology against feminist epistemology, drawing examples from various African countries, to build evidence that demonstrates the relevance of both theoretical frameworks in the study of conflict transformation.

This paper intends to answer to what degree the characters in Saul Bellow`s Dangling Man live based on freedom within existential philosophy. As Existentialists believe, each individual is solely responsible for giving meaning to life. These human beings, through their consciousness, create their values and determine a meaning to their life. This paper bases its theory mainly on Jean-Paul Sartre`s Being and Nothingness and Heidegger`s Time and Being, which concern being, freedom, and responsibility, and on other relevant theorists who discuss existential freedom and the being in life. The concept of freedom which is of primary importance to philosophers from the beginning of life is discussed in Dangling Man, where a character like Joseph struggles to win his freedom by going to war and leaving his life behind. For him, the war answers his questions and promises him an identity and self. Joseph could be argued as an existential individual who lives based on his freedom of choice and action.

The implementation of learning in the learning process in schools that is formally arranged structurally to achieve educational goals, which involves human components, infrastructure, facilities, atmosphere, space, time, funds, and various regulations. This study aims to reveal the implementation of learning management at SD Muhammadiyah Gendeng Yogyakarta. This research uses a descriptive qualitative type of research. The data collection techniques used are observation and interviews. The observations in this study are all teacher activities related to the implementation of learning related to the implementation of elementary school learning management. The form of interview used in this study was a structured interview. The data analysis procedure in this study uses the Miles & Huberman approach, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification or drawing conclusions. After the data is obtained completely, the next process is to draw final conclusions on the data that has been obtained. The results showed that the implementation of learning management at SD Muhammadiyah Gendeng Yogyakarta was by planning, organizing, and evaluating the carried out. Planning includes learning administration, learning resources, and learning planning, that the learning process that has been carried out by the third-grade teacher is creative, careful, easy to communicate, approach students, varied, and approach students. There are two models in evaluation, namely the scoring model and the exam model.

The study examined the Principals Administrative Roles and Teachers Job Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in Akwa Ibom State. The lapses created by poor Principals Administrative Roles in managing public secondary schools in Akwa Ibom State in terms of instructional supervision, planning, motivation and evaluation influence absenteeism, unwillingness to plan lesson notes, laziness towards teaching and other forms of indiscipline which constitute a great threat to effective job performance by teachers. This study aims to improve on these lapses for effective teaching and student academic performance. The study used Quantitative Research Design, using the Correlation Survey Method. Four objectives with corresponding four research questions as well as four hypotheses were used to guide the study. The sample of 320 was selected from a population of 6,978, A simple random sampling procedure was used in selecting a sample of the study. A self-design questionnaire titled “Principals Administrative Role and Teacher Job Effectiveness” was used for data collection. The study was able to find the relationship between the principals role in instructional supervision, the principals role in planning, the role of motivation and the role in evaluation. It was recommended that principals in Akwa Ibom State should choose the right kind of supervisory practices which can contribute to better teaching performance. School development plans and advancement of principal leadership should be included in their preparatory programmes, training and professional development

This research aims to analyze the determinants of capital structure. The independent variables in this study are corporate taxes, company size, tangible assets, corporate risk, profitability, non-debt tax protection, and liquidity. While the dependent variable is short-term debt, long-term debt, and total debt. The sample of this study uses 61 Small and Medium Enterprises companies listed on the Pefindo Index for the period of 2019-2021. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling and the analysis method uses panel data regression. The results explained that corporate taxes, tangible assets, and non-debt tax shields do not affect capital structure. Company size does not affect short-term debt and total debt. However, it has a significant negative effect on long-term debt. Company risk and liquidity significantly negatively affect short-term debt and total debt. However, it does not affect long-term debt. Profitability has a significant positive effect on short-term debt and a significant negative effect on long-term debt. The implication of the research that has been done is to provide direction for financial managers regarding the optimal use of capital structure to achieve the companys goal of increasing the welfare of shareholders. As for investors, investors should choose companies that have high company size, low risk, and high liquidity.

Interfaith marriages are indeed not a new thing for the multicultural Indonesian society. The marriage has occurred in the community (in various social dimensions) and has been going on for a long time. However, this does not mean that the issue of interfaith marriage is not an issue, in fact it tends to always be controversial among the people. There is an assumption that the cause is the existence of Law no. 1 of 1974 which does not accommodate the issue of interfaith marriages. Therefore, it is interesting to analyze interfaith marriages according to Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the regulation of interfaith marriages based on positive law. The specifications of this research are descriptive, the type of research is normative juridical, the method of approaching the law. The technique of collecting data is through document study, as well as the analysis is carried out in a qualitative normative manner. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that interfaith marriages in Indonesia are still not regulated with certainty in the laws and regulations in Indonesia, but there are several articles related to interfaith marriages such as Article 2 Paragraph (1) and Article 8 letter (f) of the Law. Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, Article 35 of Law Number 23 of 2006 concerning Population Administration and Articles 40 and 44 of Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 1991 concerning the Compilation of Islamic Law. Interfaith marriages based on positive law provide several interpretations, due to the fact that life in Indonesia is a pluralistic society, so that there are not a few interfaith marriages, therefore through Law Number 23 of 2006 concerning Population Administration, the government seeks to fill the legal vacuum by including the authority of the Civil Registry Office to register interfaith marriages after obtaining a decision from the court as regulated in Article 35 letter (a).

This study aims to describe and analyze the effect of teacher academic competence and principal supervision on the professional duties of teachers mediated by work commitmentThis study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive methods and multiple linear regression analysis. Sampling used proportional random sampling so that a sample of 122 teachers was obtained. Data were analyzed using path analysis and Sobel test with the help of SPSS for Windows software The results showed that: (1) The description of the Academic Competence, Principal Supervision, Work Commitment, and Professional Duties of Teachers was in a fairly high category, (2) Academic Competence had an effect on Professional Duties of Teachers, (3) Principal Supervision had an effect on Professional Duties of Teachers, (4) Work Commitment had an effect on Professional Duties of Teachers, (5) Academic Competence had an effect on Work Commitment, (6) Principal Supervision had an effect on Work Commitment, (7) Work Commitment is the Mediator of the Effect of Academic Competence on the Professional Duties of Teachers, (8) Work Commitment is the Mediator of the Effect of Principal Supervision on the Professional Duties of Teachers of Public Elementary School Teachers in Kapuas Timur Sub-Districts

The objectives of this research are to analyze the influence of the number of population, the number of unemployment and Human Development Index (HDI) to poverty level in Bengkulu Province Indonesia. The types and sources of data used in this study was secondary data. The method of analysis used the data panel analysis as a data processing tool by using Eviews program. With the Common effect approach, Fixed Effect Model Approach, and Random Effect Model Approach. Based on the result of data analysis, the result of the research show that the regression analysis of panel data yields the conclusion that equation with the right fixed effect model used.The calculation of panel analysis is obtained from the equation of fixed effect model as follows: Y = 1.584864 - 5,206005 X1 + 0,282030 X2 + 0.000173 X3. Based on the F test the probability F value obtained is 0.0000 (smaller than a = 0.05). Thus we can reject H0 and draw the conclusion that the number of population, the number of unemployment and HDI variables simultaneously or together significantly influence poverty level in Bengkulu district city. Partially the number of population (X1), and the number of unemployment (X2) have significant influence to poverty level (Y) whereas HDI (X3) has insignificant influence on poverty level (Y) in District City of Bengkulu significant (a = 0 , 05) with value R2 equal to 0,991.

This research was conducted at Limited Companies of Bank North Sulawesi and Gorontalo Kotamobagu Branch with the aim of knowing the efficiency of bank teller service time provided to customers. Service is an action that is often carried out by service companies such as banking financial institutions. In the queuing system, consumers will become loyal customers if they feel satisfaction because they dont wait too long, and this will benefit the company concerned. The results of the study obtained that the standard teller time serving one customer was 6 minutes 88 seconds. The number of subscriptions waiting in each queue at the teller counter with normal circumstances is two people while the subscription time waiting in the teller counter queue under normal circumstances is 11 minutes 28 seconds. The length of waiting plus the average service time of each customer in the teller system is 15 minutes must be reduced by adding two tellers so that it becomes four tellers. Thus, a good, fast, and maximum service system can be proven by the standard teller time in serving one customer with an efficient time of 7.5 minutes.

The purpose of this research is generally to analyze the Teaching Campus Project Batch 3 in Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Students. The type of research used by researchers is a case study. The location of this research researcher is State Elementary School 14 Pontianak City with Pontianak City. Informants were selected based on criteria from gender, pinter, medium and low criteria and status from the community at Sekolah Dasar Negeri 14 Pontianak Kota. Researchers use data collection techniques and tools in the form of field notes obtained from data collection in the form of participant observations, indepth interviews, and documentation. While data collection techniques and tools are observation techniques, indirect communication techniques, direct communication techniques and documents. For data analysis techniques in this study using interactive analysis. The results of this study are. Teaching Campus Activities Batch 3 can grow students as pancasila students. The value of mutual aid is shown by the activities of the measles and Rubella DPT immunization event. The value of faith is seen in the activities of lightning boarding schools. Creative value is reflected in the learning creation program with traditional games in the form of tabak games. The value of global diversity is reflected in the gathering activities with principals, teachers and students carried out by Teaching Campus Students Batch 3. The value of self-reliance is reflected in training learners as flag ceremonial officers. The value of critical reasoning can be seen from literacy and numeracy activities for students.

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of organizational justice on work performance and job satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to examine the nature, strength and significance of the links between organizational justice, job satisfaction and work performance .Previous researchers have conducted on Organization justice, job satisfaction and work performance as separate concepts, few of them have attempted to examine the links between them. To date, there is a lack of evidence regarding the nature, significance and strength of relationships between these three variables. The literature review shows that employees perceptions of fairness in all organizational processes and practices are assumed to influence their behavior and work outcomes. In order to achieve the aim of the research, the Quantitative method has been used through conducting questionnaires among employees. 400 employees were the participants, with the following results. First, the results showed that distributive justice, Procedural justice and Interactional justice are insignificantly affecting Job Satisfaction. Secondly, the results showed that distributive justice, Procedural justice and Interactional justice are insignificantly affecting work performance. These results suggest that managers should pay workers what they deserve , follow open and fair procedures , offer workers a voice , meet regularly , conduct employee surveys and keep an on-open door policy. Managers must work to distribute the functions, tasks and duties equally, fairs have fairness of outcome, in addition to developing appropriate rules and regulations in order to have fairness of decision making , lastly managers should care about their employees and build manager-employee communication. . Therefore, Employee performance and satisfaction are influenced by organizational fairness (fairness of distribution, fairness of method, and fairness of interaction). Employees demographic and career backgrounds are designed as moderators.

The PjBL (Project Based Learning) model is important to develop in learning at elementary schools, because the PjBL model provides opportunities for students to develop creativity and improve learning outcomes. The PjBL model involves higher order thinking skills, or HOTS. One of the current learning demands in the 4.0 era requires students to be able to develop their creativity. Creativity is needed by students now and in the future to overcome various challenges in life. The observation results show that SD Kertak Hanyar has not implemented learning using the HOTS-based PjBL model yet. The purpose of this research is to find learning model steps that are able to develop creativity, as well as to analyze students learning outcomes. The combination of PjBL model steps and higher order thinking skills (HOTS) is a learning strategy that is expected to be implemented effectively. The method used in this research is Research and Development, to produce a product. The research stages can be broken down as follows: (1) the preparation stage, (2) the HOTS-based PjBL Model Development stage, (3) the model effectiveness analysis stage. The results of the HOTS-based PjBL Model development research obtained an increase in students creativity of 42.50, and learning outcomes with an average score of 86.14 (2) the HOTS-based PjBL Model Development stage, (3) the model effectiveness analysis stage. The results of the HOTS-based PjBL Model development research obtained an increase in students creativity of 42.50, and learning outcomes with an average score of 86.14 (2) the HOTS-based PjBL Model Development stage, (3) the model effectiveness analysis stage. The results of the HOTS-based PjBL Model development research obtained an increase in students creativity of 42.50, and learning outcomes with an average score of 86.14 student creativity score of 0.75. The achievement at SDN Kertak Hanyar is in the high category. The conclusion from the results of the study is that the HOTS-based PjBL model is effectively implemented in learning at SDN Kertak Hanyar, in other words it is able to increase students creativity and learning outcomes. As a follow-up to the results of this research, a model step socialization will be carried out to teachers at SD Kertak Hanyar.

The impact of covid 19 makes a person struggle to fulfill his life needs, namely through entrepreneurship. The results of the study The role of the government has an effect on business motivation, Product innovation has a positive and significant effect on business motivation, Entrepreneurial orientation has an effect on business motivation, The role of the government has no effect on the performance culinary tourism center, Product innovation has an effect on the performance culinary tourism center, Entrepreneurial orientation has an effect on the performance culinary tourism center. The higher the entrepreneurial orientation, the higher the performance culinary tourism center in East Surabaya, Business motivation effects the performance culinary tourism center in East Surabaya, Business motivation mediates the influence of the Governments role on the performance culinary tourism center in East Surabaya, Business motivation mediates the effect of product innovation on performance culinary tourism center in East Surabaya, Business motivation mediates the effect of product orientation on the performance of culinary tourism center in East Surabaya.

Crime and misuse of personal data cause significant losses to individuals and community groups who own data. The absence of an institution that organizes personal data protection weakens the optimization of achieving the value of benefits for legal purposes that guarantee citizens fundamental rights related to personal data protection. This study aims to find answers to how the proposed concept of forming a supervisory agency to protect personal data is to achieve the value of benefits for legal purposes of personal data protection. This research is normative juridical research with a comparative legal approach method. The study results show that the proposed establishment of an independent supervisory body with an honorary council can achieve the goals of personal data protection law in Indonesia.

Autism, which is considered as the childs inability to give normal responses to daily warnings, may lead to some problems in the families of children with these characteristics. The concept of self is the result of human interaction with the environment from the time when it emerged as the reason of human mind; is the perception of human being and the perception that occurs in itself. In our study, the future designs and the sense of self of families with a child with autism were examined based on these variables. The aim of this study is to examine how the families of a child with autism are affected by the sense of self and future designs. The sample of the study consisted of 150 autistic children parents and 150 healthy student parents who attend private kindergartens and day care centers. Personal Information Form, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Social Comparison Scale were used in the study. The data obtained by using the scales were analyzed with statistical methods according to the sub-objectives. The mean self-esteem of the families without a child with autism was found to be higher than the group with autism. The mean of social comparison of families with a child with autism was found to be higher than that of a child with autism. According to the study, families with a child with autism have a positive sense of self and self-esteem increases while positive sense of self increases. In addition to self-esteem and social comparison, there is a weak and directly proportional relationship as well as self-esteem in those with physical disabilities.

The paper inspects the individuals personality concerning self, Crowd Ruler, members, and surrounding setting. It creatively examines the cause and conditions of why individuals make a phycological crowd around a Ruler. The larger the Crowd, the more the individual vanishes within and outwardly. The individual in the Crowd alters himself into a narcissist and, simultaneously, a sentinel toward others. His ego is above everything, so he wants to be a Ruler or the Ruler of the Crowd. On the outside, the gravitational force of collective psychosis and the fear of Crowds breath convert him into an emotional and malevolent no-one. He loses vision in the Crowd, and his rationality turns off while instantaneous fury turns on. Purpose: This discourse aims at a society led by rationality where individuals live in harmony and peace. Methodology: The duality Crowd-Ruler is reviewed through experience while emotional processes in Crowd members and the Ruler are examined for the accounted social acts or behaviours. Findings: The notion of duality Crowd-Ruler is a sensitive matter because if leaders and decision-makers have this duality like a beacon, society suffers devastation. In addition, the mentality of duality Crowd-Ruler might come across through uncomfortable behaviour in everyday life and work situations. A simple tool to avoid conversion to a No-one is by not thinking, speaking, or writing with "We". Originality: The paper examines first the cause of Crowd making and then outlines the effects of the Crowd eventually on the identity of its members which is the No-oneness.

This article argues that it is in the best interest of private sector organizations and prime contractors to adhere to the Federal Acquisition Supply Chain Security (FASC) and the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP) regulations. The paper opines that an organization should follow a supply chain security program, whether from the federal government or otherwise, because such obedience tends to reduce the risk of loss from various factors, including cybercrime. In the modern world, where cyber-attacks from threat actors are common, and the illicit profits gained from such activities can be huge, devotion to a supply chain risk management program is paramount. Thus, loyalty to a supply chain risk mitigation program is critical.

Employee performance must be continuously improved in order to win business competition. The purpose of this study was to see what factors influenced employee performance at the Gran Rubina Generali Tower Flat Owners and Occupants Association (PPPSRS), seen from the factors of Motivation, Compensation, and Job Satisfaction. The research method uses correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, t test and ANOVA test using SPSS Version 26 software and samples taken as many as the existing population. It turns out that the Motivation Variable has a positive and insignificant effect on employee performance, while the Compensation and Job Satisfaction Variables have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Simultaneously the Variables of Motivation, Compensation and Job Satisfaction have a significant effect on employee performance.

Article 345 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) in conjunction with Article 529 and Article 530 of the Election Law prohibits companies from printing ballots beyond the prescribed amount and is obliged to maintain the confidentiality, security, and integrity of the ballot papers. The type of criminal in the provision is in the form of basic crime including imprisonment and fine (cumulative). There are incomplete norms in the provision regarding imprisonment and fines given to ballot printing companies. This paper is normative legal research, with a statutory approach, a comparative approach, and a conceptual approach. The result of this study is that the criminal law regulating election ballot printing company companies in the Election Law does not regulate the separation of basic crimes in the form of imprisonment and fines. The formulation of criminal convictions for election ballot printing companies does not pay attention to the regulation of corporate punishment in several statutory provisions including the Corruption Eradication Act, the Environmental Protection and Management Act, the Law on Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering, and Perma No 13 of 2016. Required the reconstruction of the criminal prosecution of companies that print election ballots in the Election Law to ensure legal certainty and the implementation of law enforcement which creates fair and fair elections.

This paper aims to draw your attention to an ever-growing issue, “Othering”, in most societies, especially the United States of America, and the crucial role of political leaders on people in their society, and as a result, in the global village. Considering the aim of this research, a most heard political discourse, the first presidential debate of the United States of America in 2020, between Joe Biden and Donald Trump, was analyzed based on Faircloughian critical discourse analysis in terms of othering. The three-dimensions of Faircoughs model, description, interpretation, and explanation, were applied on the debate to compare and contrast the two representatives of the two main political parties of the United States of America. The results of the research are described or, if possible, are shown in terms of percentages in tables and a figure. To conclude, based on the findings in this corpus comparative study Joe Biden had a better performance in terms of othering in comparison with Donald Trump in all dimensions of this study, at the first presidential debate in 2020.

The value of individual employability can be enhanced through the provision of quality aspects of Education. Therefore, the development of constructivism learning models is one of the main drivers to the attributes of students high-level thinking skills. The focus of this study is to study and present ideas to improve students high-level thinking skills through the building elements of the constructivism learning model in accounting skills. It is concluded that Constructivism Learning Model as Attributors of High-Level Thinking Skills on Accounting Skills. Previous researchers findings were also included to support the arguments used in the study.

Obsolete words not used in the dictionary are divided into two groups: archaisms and historicisms. There are certain differences between them. Archaisms included words representing objects, events, processes, and concepts; they can reflect existing and currently defined events and concepts. They are often not related to the language itself, but they can be replaced by more modern tools. The process of emergence of archaisms is called as the process of archaicization. Thus, any archaism can have a synonym in a given language. For example: Grumpish – this word was used around the 1720s. Meaning: bad-tempered and sulky. Currently, the synonyms of this word are more commonly used: sulky; bad-tempered; sullen; gloomy, etc. Archaisms are divided into several groups depending on the degree of obsolescence of words and how they are currently used in the language: linguistic, lexico-semantic, grammatical, morphological, poetic and lexical.

The construction of an understanding of Gayo is greatly influenced by how the discourse on Gayo is produced. Discourse about Gayo can only be traced through historical texts that document various narrations about Gayo. This study aims to describe how the historical discourse contained in the text is used as legitimacy in building constructions about Gayo. To analyze the various narratives about Gayo in the text, this research uses qualitative research methods with the DHA (Discourse Historical Approach). Through DHA, the construction of an understanding of Gayo in the present which was built based on historical discourse found the context. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the texts about Gayo which are grouped into three sets Linge Kingdom Texts 1, Linge Kingdom Texts 2, and Loyang Mendale and Loyang Ujung Karang Texts are narratively contradictory to each other; (2) the three sets of texts become a discourse that legitimizes its narrative based on historical events; (3) The Text of the Kingdom of Linge 1 becomes the understanding of the dominant group in reproducing the understanding of the dichotomy between the Acehnese as the dominant group and the Gayo tribe as a minority through discursive practices.

Children are individuals who are still frail in terms of physic, economy, and knowledge hence they are still easily swayed by the environment and easily exploited by people who have advantages in physic, economy, and knowledge resulting in children in conflict or facing the law. Children in conflict or facing the law can be divided into children who are perpetrators of crimes, children who become victims of crimes, and children who become witnesses in criminal acts. Children are often victims of crime or sexual violence within the family, school, and neighborhood. Being a victim of sexual violence harms victims, such as the emergence of hopelessness, inferiority, lack of confidence, stress, and prolonged trauma. The Law of The Republic of Indonesia No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection protects victims by providing child victims the right to compensation or restitution, including child victims of sexual crimes violence. This study employed an empirical legal approach. This article is aimed to perceive how the process of child victims applying for restitution rights to court and how the imposition of restitution can be effective for child victims of crime or sexual violence. The compensation or restitution for child victims of sexual crime or violence is submitted to the court through the Indonesian Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) and for the imposition of restitution to be effective, property belonging to the accused must be confiscated which will later be auctioned off as a calculation of compensation or restitution to be given to the child victims.

Quality and sustainable tourism is one of the drivers in the new economic sector, creating attractions and superior products that are of interest to the international market and world buyers. This study aims at investigating tourism development efforts through the annual execution of Bali Beyond Travel Fair (BBTF) and Bali Arts Festival (BAF) which will have an economic impact on local communities and tourism actors. This study uses an interpretative qualitative analysis model through observational data collection, in-depth interviews and document studies. The results of the study show that tourism activities create demand, both consumption and investment which in turn will lead to goods and services production activities in improving peoples welfare and economic growth, especially the multiplier effect for local communities. Therefore, the quality and sustainable tourism that is carried out regularly at BBTF and BAF is one of the drivers in the new economic sector, creating superior attractions and products that are of interest to the international market and world buyers.

Attorney Generals Office of the Republic of Indonesia applying the settlement of criminal cases through restorative justice at the prosecution stage at the Attorney Generals Office of the Republic of Indonesia, this study will analyze and discuss the role of the Attorney Generals Office of the Republic of Indonesia in carrying out restorative justice. The analysis was carried out qualitatively and the discussion of the problem formulation used literature study. Restorative justice at the prosecution level can reduce the number of cases that need to be tried and achieve more justice as desired by victims, perpetrators and society. This policy is based on the Attorney Generals Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2020 concerning Termination of Restorative Justice-Based Prosecution.

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of the principals managerial activities and work culture on job satisfaction through the work climate. This research is a correlational research with a quantitative approach formulated into a path analysis model. The study population was 220 with 101 studies. The data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of the principals managerial activities (33 items), work culture (34 items), work climate (24 items), job satisfaction (18 items) which had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis of this study used Path Analysis. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of the principals managerial activities on job satisfaction, work culture on job satisfaction, work climate on job satisfaction, principals managerial activities on the work climate, work culture on the work climate, principals managerial activities on job satisfaction through the work climate, and work culture on job satisfaction through the work climate.

All information found in the subsequent paragraphs presents a systematic literature review of essays and articles on a few selected topics that are greatly significant in discussing Christian ethics and the Ghanaian working culture. This review of such notable articles and essays concerning Christian ethics and the Ghanaian working culture collectively point the heading toward the case of job satisfaction, job dissatisfaction and job redesign. Definitions of concepts and theories proposed by various writers about Christian ethics and the Ghanaian working culture have been highlighted below. Furthermore, the article delves into the concept of work, regarding both the working culture and Christian ethics, yet discussing the Christian ethics that promotes Godly working standards is highly emphasised. The lapses of labour by employers and their employees, including misconduct, non-commitment, unfaithfulness, apathy, and exploitation, are also considered. From this review, it is observed that the Creator Himself worked; thereby a failing working culture may be synthesised or integrated with Christian ethics to promote productivity and job satisfaction among employers and employees alike in the Ghanaian working culture.

One of the fingerprints as evidence in the process of handling a crime, especially in handling the crime of murder, the Police are authorized or entitled to take several actions that have been regulated or determined by the Law on the Indonesian National Police No. 2 of 2002 in article 15 paragraph (1), (dachtyloscopy) in the investigation process is as technical assistance in carrying out investigations and is very important to assist investigators in uncovering or resolving a criminal act that occurred. the obstacles that occur are both external and internal barriers with various solutions in murder cases because the success or failure of obtaining fingerprints is influenced by the surrounding circumstances.

One of the fingerprints as evidence in the process of handling a crime, especially in handling the crime of murder, the Police are authorized or entitled to take several actions that have been regulated or determined by the Law on the Indonesian National Police No. 2 of 2002 in article 15 paragraph (1), (dachtyloscopy) in the investigation process is as technical assistance in carrying out investigations and is very important to assist investigators in uncovering or resolving a criminal act that occurred. the obstacles that occur are both external and internal barriers with various solutions in murder cases because the success or failure of obtaining fingerprints is influenced by the surrounding circumstances.

The university hostel is an essential accommodation provision for students throughout their time at university. In recent decades, there has been a shift toward the university hostel as a central location for student development and support. It is a place where students live, study, entertain and socialise with other students during their university life. Therefore, consideration of relevant students’ needs should not be overlooked in providing a conducive university hostel environment. It becomes a critical agenda to gain insights into new generation students’ points of view to ensure that the design of the university hostel remains relevant to them. Therefore, this research aims to explore university students’ preference for on-campus hostel attributes. The main objectives are to identify Generation Z (Gen Z) students’ preferred attributes of university hostels and examine the values that influence their preferences. This qualitative research is based on the Means-End Chain (MEC) research model. Fifty-two Gen Z students residing in on-campus hostels provided by University Technology Sarawak, Malaysia were interviewed using the laddering interview technique. The result of this approach reveals fifteen preferred hostel attributes driven by six students’ values. The finding shed new light on the interrelationship between hostel attributes and students’ values. It provides a valuable reference for architects and university hostel management in establishing a conducive hostel environment congruent with the student’s needs.

The purpose of this study was to examine how teacher job satisfaction and principal academic supervision effect organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The researchers employed a path analysis model and a quantitative methodology. There were 114 studies and 160 participants in the study. The principals academic supervision (3 2 items), job satisfaction (21 items), work motivation (20 items), and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) (31 things), all of which have undergone validity and reliability testing, were used as the instruments for data collection. The path analysis was utilized to analyze the studys data. The studys findings revealed that the principals academic supervision had an effect on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB), job satisfaction with organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB), and work motivation for organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). These findings also revealed that the principals academic supervision had an effect on work motivation, job satisfaction with work motivation, and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) through work motivation.

FGM is the practice of injuring the female external genitalia, which is carried out on girls aged 0–14 years, and this practice has been declared a violation of human rights. As an international organization whose goal is to realize childrens rights, since 2008 UNICEF has strongly opposed this practice and promised to provide assistance to countries experiencing FGM, including Indonesia. Indonesia has been declared the fourth country in the world to carry out FGM practices and this must receive serious attention. Through qualitative research using international organization theory, the authors will analyze the extent of UNICEFs roles and strategies in helping reduce the practice of Female Genital Mutilation in Indonesia. The findings from this study indicate that UNICEF has carried out several programs such as agreements with the Indonesian government, disseminating information to Indonesian communities, activists and society, and providing legal assistance or advocacy to stop FGM cases. However, there had been policy dynamics from the Indonesian government towards this practice, causing obstacles that made the realization of eliminating the practice of FGM slow.

This research was derived from the reality of public schools, where the majority of students coming from low-income and lower-middle-family backgrounds. However, they could manage parental involvement so that they are actively involved in various school programs. Thus, the focus of this research included: (1) planning for parental involvement in schools; (2) the implementation of parental involvement in schools; (3) evaluation of parental involvement in schools; and (4) obstacles encountered in parental involvement in schools. The researchers used a qualitative type of multi-site study. The data were collected through participant observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used were individual data analysis techniques and cross-case analysis. Meanwhile, the validity of the data was checked by means of internal validation, external validation, reliability, and objectivity. The results of this study showed that: (1) participation planning was carried out at the beginning of the school year involving parents, principals, and teachers with funding sources for participation planning activities from infaq and dues with the stipulated period for one year; (2) the implementation of parental involvement includes participation in incidental, daily, weekly, monthly, semester, and yearly activities; (3) evaluation of parental involvement involving committees, principals, and teachers; (4) obstacles to parental involvement in schools included the assumption that schools are free, lack of support for the development of childrens talent interests, the resolution process involves principals, teachers, committee administrators, overcome by approaching, providing understanding, and socialization. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the school has developed parental involvement in various school programs. It is especially advisable for principals to embrace and trust parents to be involved in the planning, implementation, evaluation, and resolution stages of obstacles. Thus, parents will feel more needed by the school and contribute their abilities in helping to improve the quality of education in schools both in the short and long term.

This research aims to; a) explain the model of effective human resource governance through coaching mentoring and counseling (CMC); b) explain the performance achievements of the apparatus in managing Jember customs; and c) explaining the behavior of public administration within the framework of apparatus governance through a psychological assessment approach using the CMC method. This research uses qualitative methods with a focus on ASN governance at Jember Customs and Excise. Determination of informants using a purposive method, so that in this study there were 9 people with different roles. Data collection uses observation techniques, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature study. All data is processed through three stages, including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that Jember Customs and Excise carried out psychological and CMC assessments in order to make existing resources effective. The assessment method using the CMC approach has been successful as seen from ASNs performance achievements in governance at Jember Customs and Excise. The CMC that is implemented provides enlightenment for ASN in providing services to the community. CMC also has an influence on increasing accountability through performance measurement. One of the parameters for achieving individual employee and organizational goals is reflected in the increase in the service user satisfaction index at Jember Customs where in 2021 it will get an index of 4.21 to 4.43. Service users also provide very satisfied ratings of the various types of services provided by Jember Customs and Excise employees.

The present quantitative study examines the levels of test anxiety among 75 non-English major students of different disciplines at Thang Long University, Hanoi, Vietnam. The study adapted a survey on test anxiety developed by Dennis H, Division of Student Development and Enrollment Services (2011), University of Central Florida. The findings reveal the level of anxiety was medium M=1.77 (SD = 0.81, SEM = 0.09, Min = 1.00, Max = 3.00, Skewness = 0.43, Kurtosis = -1.34). Regarding levels of test anxiety by gender, the result of the two-tailed independent samples t-test was significant based on an alpha value of .05, t(73) = -3.11, p = .003. There was a significant difference between male and female students in the levels of test anxiety; M=1.5 for male and M=2.05 for female (Min=1.00, Max=3.00). With regard to the relationship between levels of test anxiety and academic achievement, the ANOVA was examined based on an alpha value of .05. The results of the ANOVA were significant, F(2, 72) = 17.72, p < .001, indicating there were significant differences in academic achievement among the levels of test anxiety. The mean of academic achievement for low test anxiety (M = 6.67, SD = 0.93) was significantly larger than for medium test anxiety (M = 5.75, SD = 1.51), p = .008. For the main effect of levels of test anxiety, the mean of Academic achievement for low test anxiety (M = 6.67, SD = 0.93) was significantly larger than for high test anxiety (M = 4.81, SD = 0.72), p < .001. For the main effect of levels of test anxiety, the mean of academic achievement for medium test anxiety (M = 5.75, SD = 1.51) was significantly larger than for high test anxiety (M = 4.81, SD = 0.72), p = .022.

In addition to material and other losses, this disaster also disrupted several community activities and activities. For example, for children who are still in school, teaching and learning activities are disrupted. The flood disaster resulted in some learning facilities and infrastructure being damaged. Considering the condition of the school which was completely damaged, the school made a policy of establishing a temporary emergency school so that the teaching and learning process could continue as usual even with makeshift facilities. Of course, this condition is very inefficient. Not to mention the budget for school repairs, which is estimated to have caused a longer time for post-disaster management. The school is just waiting for help from various parties, both from the government and regional companies and so on. Policies from the government and other parties are very important in dealing with problems from the impact of natural disasters like this. Policy is a series of actions that have specific goals that must be followed and carried out by the actors to solve a problem (a purposive corse of problem or matter of concern). This research uses a qualitative approach and a strategy using case studies. Sources of data used are primary and secondary data, as well as data collection using interviews, observation, documentation, and field notes. The analysis used by researchers is in the form of domain analysis. The results showed that the efforts made by the Trenggalek Regency Government in post-disaster management at SDN 1 Bendoroto took several stages. From the first, review the affected locations with the aim of knowing what needs to be followed up. Then the establishment of a temporary emergency school until there is a further policy. The most important thing in this policy is the relocation and reconstruction of schools as an alternative solution to the problem.

The objective of this study is to describe the continuous professional development model to enhance teacher professional competence. This study was qualitative and employed a phenomenological method. This research was conducted at two public high schools in Balangan Province. Principals, vice principals, and teachers identified through purposive sampling were the key informants. Interviewing, observation, and documenting were approaches for collecting data. Validity of data was determined by triangulating data through engineering triangulation and peer review triangulation. Interactive analysis of the Huberman model comprising of data gathering, data display, data reduction, and verification inference, was conducted with the use of data analysis. According to the findings of the study, the continuous professional development model for enhancing teacher competency was based on supervision, IHT, and external training, and began with an evaluation of speed, planning, implementation, evaluation, and follow-up.

Decision making is an important but frequent activity in every business environment particularly where competition is rife. All stakeholders are expected to make decision from time to time in order to optimize peculiar interest in the business. Decision making involves risk taking with the level of risk linked to the amount of Information available. How much information disclosure is adequate is relative and difficult to determine. Accounting information is one such information that stakeholders require for several decisions. This review focuses on the various determinants that could influence Strategic Management Accounting Information Disclosures within the spectacles of theories that could be utilized to rationalize the behavior of various actors in information processing and reporting. Three databases were explored and only papers published in English that concentrated on information disclosure, factors influencing information disclosure, strategic management accounting, strategic management accounting information disclosure, corporate governance, competitor accounting, customer accounting, and were published in peer reviewed journals were included in the review. The review suggested multiple factors as determinants of the levels of strategic management accounting information disclosure (SMAID). Future studies may empirically subject these factors to an intense validation to determine the extent at which each factor influence SMAID.

The objective of this study is to describe the continuous professional development model to enhance teacher professional competence. This study was qualitative and employed a phenomenological method. This research was conducted at two public high schools in Balangan Province. Principals, vice principals, and teachers identified through purposive sampling were the key informants. Interviewing, observation, and documenting were approaches for collecting data. Validity of data was determined by triangulating data through engineering triangulation and peer review triangulation. Interactive analysis of the Huberman model comprising of data gathering, data display, data reduction, and verification inference, was conducted with the use of data analysis. According to the findings of the study, the continuous professional development model for enhancing teacher competency was based on supervision, IHT, and external training, and began with an evaluation of speed, planning, implementation, evaluation, and follow-up.

Although the phenomenon of technology is gradually being integrated into tertiary education in Ghana, challenges impeding effective integration are endemic in an environment where organizational culture is determinant. Challenges include lack of devices and cost involved, network and data bundle and incessant power supply. Organisational culture and mind-set of the key actors towards integration of technology, is an imminent challenge. From the Interpretivist paradigm, this is an exploratory study of the perspectives of Policy-makers towards the organisational culture and challenges of integration. Qualitative method through in-depth interviews was adopted in six (6) accredited public universities. The study found that, generally there is a culture of support for integration of technology and Lack of devices and costs involved were the biggest challenge to both lecturers and students. Network and Connectivity is the most wide-spread institutional mechanism that has been put in place in the public universities.

The article attempts to showcase the performativity of gender and nationality as elements of a subjects identity in a heterosexual matrix. Applying Judith Butlers theories regarding sex and gender to the novel The God of Small Things clarifies how Ammu, the most rebellious female character of the novel, subverts the expected performative desire of heterosexual respectability and is able to go beyond the limits of sexuality and thereby beyond the ideologies and performativity of national inclusion. Her subversion of imperatives reveals the gaps in the law and, thus, turns her act into a political one as well. She demonstrates political agency through re-territorializing phallus and further through re-signifying her sexual desire.

The aim of this research was to identify the types of politeness strategies used by male and female lecturer during the classroom interaction, and to find out the target achieve by the male and female lecturer in using politeness strategy. The researcher has chosen four English lecturer (two male and two female) at Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar. The researcher joined in the class and recorded the activities when lecturer was teaching. The researcher applied descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data, by doing data reduction, data display and conclusion. The researcher used the theory of politeness strategy by Brown and Lavinson (1987) which consists of positive politeness, negative politeness, bald on record and off record. The result of the research showed that the male and female lecturer used four politeness strategy, namely of positive politeness occurred in seventy-one politeness, negative politeness occurred in thirty politeness, bald on record occurred in six politeness and off record occurred thirty-five politeness. Then there were one hundred forty-two politeness strategies occurred in classroom interaction. Furthermore, the results of the research showed that the target achieve by the male and female lecturer was by doing some activity such as come to the students desk and call their name one by one those activity can create cooperative interactions between lecturers and students, help students to have positive feelings towards lessons, motivate them to participate actively in class and also shapes the character and self-development of students to the material that had been prepared.

Every Islamic educational institution must strive to provide adequate facilities and infrastructure to support the learning system, especially Arabic. Good results in Arabic education require special facilities and places to study, deepen, and practice Arabic. The place is a language science laboratory. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the role of the language laboratory, to determine the magnitude of Arabic learning achievement, and to determine the magnitude of the correlation between language and Arabic achievement for fifth-grade students of SD Muhammadiyah 1 Ketelan Surakarta. The method in this research is quantitative with the type of associative research. The sample is class VD students who collect 21 students. The conclusion of this study shows that the correlation between the language laboratory and Arabic learning achievement of the fifth-grade students of SD Muhammadiyah 1 Ketelan Surakarta is negative and the correlation coefficient is –0.332. The results of this study support the research of Ferrite Kiliçkaya (2007).

This research article is about the exploration of Sundanese folklore in the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark which is now also known as the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark. It refers to an area along the south-west coast of Sukabumi West Java, Indonesia. The Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark is rich not only with its natural diversity like geodiversity and biodiversity but also with its cultural diversity. This article is made as one of the outputs of the community service done in Waluran village in the Sukabumi regency of West Java. This village is just one tiny place situated in the vast areas of the Geopark. The problem is that the cultural diversity around the Geopark has not been thoroughly explored yet, including its folklore. Using qualitative method, this research is aimed at exploring the Sundanese folklore specifically the intangible one involving legends and tales through the active participation of the Palapah cultural activist community and the local tour guides. The community service results in the emergence of folklore explored by each target participant from their surrounding area and the majority of them deal with the naming of places called toponym. It can be explored that the geodiversity is reflected in the place names.

Every Islamic educational institution must strive to provide adequate facilities and infrastructure to support the learning system, especially Arabic. Good results in Arabic education require special facilities and places to study, deepen, and practice Arabic. The place is a language science laboratory. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the role of the language laboratory, to determine the magnitude of Arabic learning achievement, and to determine the magnitude of the correlation between language and Arabic achievement for fifth-grade students of SD Muhammadiyah 1 Ketelan Surakarta. The method in this research is quantitative with the type of associative research. The sample is class VD students who collect 21 students. The conclusion of this study shows that the correlation between the language laboratory and Arabic learning achievement of the fifth-grade students of SD Muhammadiyah 1 Ketelan Surakarta is negative and the correlation coefficient is –0.332. The results of this study support the research of Ferrite Kiliçkaya (2007).

The purpose of this study is to describe, analyze, and determine the implementation of character education on the values of discipline and social care in early childhood, as well as to provide insight, knowledge, and new activities to character education instruction. This research employed a qualitative description method with a multi-site study design. Using organized and unstructured interview procedures, direct observation, and documentation, data was gathered. The obtained data was then analysed using data reduction techniques, followed by data presentation and data verification for the outcomes. The findings from sites 1 and 2 are then applied to other sites. This studys findings indicate that infusing discipline and social care character education for young children at sites 1 and 2 resulted in successful character education planting at site 2, namely Sejahtera Mandiri Kindergarten. Based on the findings from sites 1 and 2, school principals should continue to play an active role in instilling disciplinary and socially caring character education. Teachers also play a role in the learning process that takes place in the school environment, as do parents who actively participate in instilling education. Character is fostered at home so that schools do not play a sole active role for children.

This research aims to determine how the concept of legal regulation regarding Restorative Justice is used as legal protection for victims of criminal acts in Indonesia. The analysis used in this study is qualitative with a normative juridical approach. This study concludes that the restorative justice paradigm offers another way of dealing with crime. According to the restorative justice paradigm, the process of resolving crimes involves the perpetrators, victims, and the community. The Criminal Code regulates more about protecting the rights of suspects, defendants, and convicts as part of protecting human rights. Progressively various laws and regulations have become the legal basis for the settlement of criminal cases by implementing the restoration of justice as the protection of victims of crime, social recovery, and reducing the burden on the state. The Criminal Code is also still oriented towards retributive justice, which is punitive as retaliation for the perpetrators of criminal acts. In the retributive justice paradigm, the sanctions imposed are not aimed at retaliating against the perpetrators of the crime but sanctions that can arouse the perpetrators responsibility for the suffering of the victim or sanctions that aim to restore the suffering of the victim.

The role of the teacher in developing students skills in accordance with the requirements of the industrial revolution era 4.0 and the era of society 5.0 is to construct and develop learning experiences for students and encourage them to have higher-order thinking skills and be more creative. Teachers who are professional and receptive to technology and attempts to prepare vocational graduates who are competent for changes in the revolutionary era and who also meet the needs of the commercial and industrial communities. Thus, this present research focused on (1) teacher development management which includes school program planning on teacher competence, implementation of development activities, and evaluation of development activities and programs and (2) the determinants of success and obstacles in realizing the goals of teacher development management. This study used a qualitative approach using interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The data was collected through various techniques such as data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. Checking the validity of the data was done by using credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Then, the data were analyzed by single case analysis and cross-site analysis. The results of the research showed that teacher development planning at SMK Negeri 2 Banjarmasin involves formulating objectives, organizing meeting activities, preparing upskilling and reskilling programs. Implementation incorporating both on-the-job and off-the-job training activities. Evaluate teacher development by assessing its methods, impacts, and programs. The challenges faced by SMK Negeri 2 Banjarmasin include discipline, teacher indifference, and a large number of instructors who do not participate in on-the-job training activities. Exemplary performance, motivation, reward and punishment are the success factors. Technology-based infrastructure availability. At SMK Negeri 4 Banjarmasin with planning, namely objective formulation, requirements analysis, team development, and data collection. Activities associated with qualification, training, and learning development program implementation. Evaluation consists of response reaction, outcomes, and learning. There was no validation of the assessment of the teachers grasp of the development program, which posed a challenge. Existence of government support and school policies to optimize development program activities is a success factor.

This research aims to determine how the concept of legal regulation regarding Restorative Justice is used as legal protection for victims of criminal acts in Indonesia. The analysis used in this study is qualitative with a normative juridical approach. This study concludes that the restorative justice paradigm offers another way of dealing with crime. According to the restorative justice paradigm, the process of resolving crimes involves the perpetrators, victims, and the community. The Criminal Code regulates more about protecting the rights of suspects, defendants, and convicts as part of protecting human rights. Progressively various laws and regulations have become the legal basis for the settlement of criminal cases by implementing the restoration of justice as the protection of victims of crime, social recovery, and reducing the burden on the state. The Criminal Code is also still oriented towards retributive justice, which is punitive as retaliation for the perpetrators of criminal acts. In the retributive justice paradigm, the sanctions imposed are not aimed at retaliating against the perpetrators of the crime but sanctions that can arouse the perpetrators responsibility for the suffering of the victim or sanctions that aim to restore the suffering of the victim.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect correlation between the principals leadership behavior, subordinate maturity and work motivation with the work discipline of teachers at SDN (Sekolah Dasar Negeri) or elementary schools in Awayan District. The method used in this study was a descriptive correlational using a path analysis model to analyze correlation patterns The independent variables consisting of principal leadership behavior (X1) and subordinate maturity (X2). Meanwhile, the dependent variable is the teacher discipline (Y) and intermediate variables (intervening variable) that is teacher work motivation (Z). The study population was 156 teachers from 21 elementary schools located in Awayan District, and 159 respondents were taken as research samples using the proportional random sampling technique and proportional allocation formula. The data was collected using questionnaire. Meanwhile, the data analysis used descriptive analysis, classical assumption testing, hypothesis testing and path analysis. The results of the study showed that there was a partial direct correlation between the principals leadership behavior, subordinate maturity and work motivation with teacher discipline and there was an indirect correlation between the principals leadership behavior and subordinates leadership behavior with work discipline through work motivation at SDN Awayan District. The principals advice as a leader should continue to improve the behavior of his duties (initiation) such as taking more time to communicate well with teachers and more engaging and listening to teachers to make school policy plans as well as work procedures for teachers. Teachers continue to improve their skills as teachers and continue to gain experience by participating in activities related to work improvement. Teachers should make more efforts to improve work discipline by more streamlining time at work such as the teaching process in the classroom, completing assigned tasks on time, carrying out every set rule well.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Instructional leadership, work climate and achievement motivation on work productivity. This research utilized a quantitative approach with a path analysis model. The population of this study was 380 teachers with a sample of 196 people using proportional random sampling techniques. The researchers used a questionnaire as the instrument consisting of principal instructional leadership variable (26 items), work climate variable (25 items), achievement motivation variable (28 items) and teacher work productivity variable (21 items). The instrument was tested for validity using item analysis with product moment correlation while reliability with Cronbach alpha. The data were analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that there is a direct effect of the principals instructional leadership on teacher work productivity, work climate on teacher work productivity and achievement motivation on teacher work productivity, principal instructional leadership on achievement motivation, work climate on achievement motivation. The indirect effect of the principals instructional leadership on teacher work productivity through the motivation to excel, and work climate towards teacher work productivity through motivation to excel.