In the era of technological globalization, educators are encouraged to incorporate online synchronous communication (e.g., chatting) and statistical approaches (e.g., error-identification automatic annotator) into the writing curriculum (Hosseini, 2012; Li, Link, & Hegelheimer, 2014). Electronic feedback is playing an increasingly vital part in modern writing instruction. It improves learners revision and reduces teachers workloads associated with error correction and delivering insightful comments. However, the deficiencies of e-feedback have been noted by both learner and instructor roles (Li, Link, & Hegelheimer, 2014). This paper is to review relevant studies on how electronic corrective feedback facilitates writing instruction in the classroom.

Thanks to the ever-developing educational technologies, more and more educational institutions and testing organizations around the world have been delivering their testing events through computer-based formats. As far as language assessment is concerned, these developments have led to questions on all sorts of validity being raised by educational and assessment researchers, especially regarding the speaking skill. This exploratory paper compares and contrasts the pros and cons of computer-based and face-to-face assessment of speaking from a communicative view of language, by exploring what exactly needs to be assessed in speaking, the effects of the delivery mode and the differences between computerized and human rating. The findings are that face-to-face assessment of speaking is a much more valid format than computer-based assessment from a communicative point of view, but that the latter can provide a partial answer to the bulk administration problem in contexts such as placement or exit tests in educational institutions.

This paper aims to handle the conceptual framework within which critics present home. It helps us think about our relationship with home and examine questions about the problem of displacement directing research to Third World. This overview provides the vocabulary for articulating this dilemma. Regarding methodology, the paper is an in-depth qualitative study based on views of selected critics. The findings have indicated that applying the critics reflections on the conditions of people is advocated to detect whether homing is attainable or still remains a desire aspired to. Hence, the paper, as a preliminary study, stimulates for further research.

At a time when maximizing the effectiveness of educational organizations is a requirement, school self-evaluation is increasingly gaining ground as a practice of evaluating educational work, providing information that can contribute to the development of schools. Seamless implementation of self-evaluation in a school unit requires acceptance of its core assumptions by those involved in the process, otherwise it is undermined. At the same time, introducing a change in an educational organization is a complex process that, if not accompanied by the appropriate manipulations, is very likely to fail to integrate into its processes. One case of an unsuccessful attempt to introduce change is the application of the school units self-evaluation in the Greek education system, whose manipulations have led it to failure. The study estimates that the factors that have impeded its introduction and implementation have to do with teachers non-involvement in the creation of the change, non-participatory decision-making and not dispelling teachers insecurities, while the bureaucratic structure of the central authority appears to be problematic as well. These practices are an example to be avoided and education policy makers must take this into account so that the effort to introduce and integrate a change in the Greek education system can be effective.

The purpose of this research is to determine the simultaneous effect of leadership style and work discipline on employee performance and to determine the dominant influence between leadership and work discipline on employee performance. The object of this study were 32 employees of Kota Cinema Mall Pamekasan. While the data was taken based on distributing questionnaires, the research model used was multiple linear regression. Based on the research results from the analysis of Leadership Style (X1) and Work Discipline (X2) on Employee Performance (Y), the researcher can conclude that the coefficient of determination R square is 0.718 or 71.8% which indicates that the increase in employee performance is influenced by Style Leadership (X1) and Work Discipline (X2), while the remaining (100% -71.8% = 28.2%) is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. The results of calculations using the F test obtained f count of 5.310 and when consulted with f tables of 2.95, it shows that f count is greater than f table. The results of calculations using the t test obtained t count for the Leadership Style variable (X1) of 2.451 and can be consulted with t table of 1.69389, obtained t count > t table and significant t count < t table (0.008 < 0.05). So it can be concluded that the variable Leadership Style (X1) has a partial and significant effect on t he Employee Performance variable (Y). For the Work Discipline variable (X2), it is known that the t value is 2.985 and if consulted with a t table it is 1.69389, it is obtained t count > t table and a significant level of t count < t table (0.006 < 0.05). So it can be concluded that the variable Work Discipline (X2) has a partial and significant effect on the Employee Performance variable (Y) which can be proven. From the results of calculations using the t test it turns out that of the two variables, the Work Disci pline variable (X2) has the greatest t calculated value, namely 2,985.

Learning and mastering the language of host country is considered to be an essential prerequisite for successful integration of third-country nationals and stateless persons that preconditions their successful position in the labour market, social relations, even strengthening of their self-confidence. The empirical research allowed stating that there is a huge demand for virtual learning needs and following the theoretical insights of this article, it is possible to emphasise that virtual aids that are oriented towards the development of social links with local residents or already established migrants and formation of positive personal qualities and positive feelings are particularly needed.

Process of termination that results in the Impeachment of a person involved in a crime or misconduct can also be used against a president or vice president who violates the law or the constitution while in office. Therefore, it is important to understand the impeachment process of the president both before and after the amendments to the 1945 Constitution. In addition, it is important to understand whether the impeachment process in Indonesia that can remove the president from office is a legal process and is carried out in accordance with the rule of law, or whether the law is only as a power trap for state politics. This investigation is a normative legal investigation. One tool that states can use to maintain checks and balances between the legislature and the executive is the impeachment process. Impeachment is not just a political process but also a legal process. Impeachment allows for the smooth running of democracy and provides legal clarity, thereby fostering political stability.

This The dynamics of civilization development were enriched by the volatility of human civilization. Its backwardness and degradation, however, were strongly attached to the prevailing problems, including moral degeneration, the absence of dynamism in Islam as the consequence of dogmatism and conservatism, under development in scientific activities, the dim spirit of Islamic rationalist, and disintegration among Muslim societies. Those problems and the subsequent impacts have been unsolved issues, even at present. Moreover, some of them also triggered the backwardness of the Muslims. The essence of those problems was the leeway of civilization values or the deterioration of civilization builders. Therefore, education was assumed to be the key to re-establish the values embodied by the civilization builders. The implementation of an educational approach to re-construct Islamic civilization was by using the approach of modeling and culture of peace since the internalization of values required modeling. In addition, Islam discourages neither violence nor malignancy. On the contrary, Islam promotes compassion and peace, thus, the approach of the culture of peace was suitable in this case.

Human right to personal data protection in this era of globalism and globalization is a sine qua non of legitimate progress in effectiveness of national legal systems and advanced development of security of persons. This research seeks to make an analysis of the right to personal data protection in Indonesia cognizant of recent advancement in technology and innovation. Indonesias enactment of the new Law No. 27 of 2022 has now set the country above the parapet in terms of its protective mechanism of human rights to personal protection and privacy where the world is globalized and gobbled at once. Considering the values of personal data provided in this new law, there is a need and urgency for the state to make a paradigm shift from only recognizing this new law as a good instrument of governance to recognizing it as a tool for protection, promotion and fulfilment of human right to privacy. In my determination to make a comprehensive analysis of this subject, a qualitative research method is used through the use of secondary data like articles, books and other materials that are germane to this work. Acutely au fait with the role of the court in interpreting laws and setting the jurisprudence thereafter, this paper concludes that this law ought to be interpreted in tandem with the guidelines of Mischief Principle of statutory interpretation in order not to dilute the purpose for which it is enacted.

This study investigates the Integrating Critical Thinking into Exploration of Intercultural Awareness in an EFL Context. The study aims to find out the role of critical thinking skill in improving university students intercultural awareness competencies. The population of the study represented in English language teaching staff in Sudanese universities as well as students. The study sample is represented in a randomly chosen group of (240) English language teachers and students. Data will be processed via Statistical Packages of Social Sciences (SPSS). The study makes use of descriptive analytical method. The study has arrived to a number of findings, the most important which are the integration of critical thinking skill is significant in English language context as a foreign language along with an insignificant and limited capacity of the textbooks to develop students critical thinking. The study recommends involving EFL learners in critical thinking skills to enhance their intercultural.

The authentic assessment is a form of assessment researched and applied by several countries into the education reality of primary schools. However, this assessment form has not been really paid much attention to and applied into teaching subjects in primary schools in general and into teaching mathematics in particular. This article presents the researching findings of awareness reality of teachers on authentic assessments tasks; one of factors creates the specific characteristics of authentic assessment in several primary schools in Binh Duong. Through analyzing the results of questionnaires and interviews of several primary teachers in Binh Duong Province of Vietnam, we can see that most teachers have not really understood about authentic assessments tasks and have not designed the authentic assessments tasks. This is one of foundations to propose several methods for applying the authentic assessment into teaching Maths in the direction of competence development for primary school students.

The current research paper aims to examine the impact of adopting technology in implementing art exhibitions and museums, and explore certain aspects regarding the media art exhibition titled Von der Schönheit der Begegnung – Medienkunst als lebendige Gegenwart (Eng. The Beauty of the Encounter- Media Art as a Living Present). Particularly, the study seeks to identify the technical challenges, determinants, and difficulties faced by the implementation group members; and several findings and lessons learned were reported by the current study.

This study aims to examine whether there is an effect of Lifestyle and Financial Literacy on the Consumptive Behavior of K-Pop Fans in West Jakarta. This research is based on several theories that support research related to Lifestyle and Financial Literacy. The data collection method in this study was a questionnaire filled out by K-Pop fans in West Jakarta, where from the topography of the population, this area is inhabited by many ethnic Chinese, who are very fanatical about K-Pop style, so that a sample of 100 respondents was obtained from a population of 100 people. The sampling technique in this study was saturated sampling by distributing online questionnaires and using a Likert scale. This research is a type of descriptive research using a quantitative approach. The analysis used in this study includes data instrument testing which includes validity and reliability tests. The classic assumption test includes the normality test, multicollinearity test and heteroscedasticity test. Multiple linear analysis test. hypothesis testing which includes the t-test (partial), F-test (simultaneous), and the coefficient of determination (R2). This test was performed using the IBM SPSS V25 application program. The results of this study partially have no effect on consumptive behavior and financial literacy partially affect consumptive behavior. However, the influence of lifestyle and financial literacy has a simultaneous effect on the consumptive behavior of K-pop fans in South Jakarta with an R2 contribution value of 69.7% and an Fcount value of 111,727. > Ftable 3.09 as for the most dominant variable influencing Consumptive Behavior is the Financial Literacy variable.

This research is to examine the Urgency of Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in the Era of Economic Globalization. This intellectual property right is the result of human thought or creativity which results in a creation in the fields of art, literature, science, and technology in it. Which has economic benefits. In the current era of globalization, the protection of intellectual property rights is very important, because the protection of Intellectual Property Rights is closely related to global trade at the international level. The problem that will be discussed in this study is How Is the Urgency of Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in the Era of Economic Globalization. The research method used is a normative research method with a statute approach and analyzed descriptively.

There are industries and professions which are perceived by the public as having undesirable characteristics that make them risky for consumers. These characteristics may exhibit themselves through the circumstances surrounding the use of the good or service, or they may be exhibited in the behavior of the professionals in the industry. In many cases, consumers are hesitant to interact with these industries for fear of having a negative experience. Lawyers, used-car salespeople, insurance salespeople, and politicians are good examples of industries or professions that consumers consider should be avoided when possible. Indeed these stereotypes are often perpetuated through television series, movies, and books. These stereotypes exist, at least in part, because consumers view these professions and industries as being risky for consumers. One particular industry stereotyped in this way and characterized by consumer mistrust is the used-car industry. Gallups polls on the trustworthiness of professions show that Americans consistently rank car salespeople as one of the least trusted groups (Gallup, 2016, 2017, 2018).

Although the phenomenon of technology is gradually being integrated into tertiary education in Ghana, challenges impeding effective integration are endemic. Among the upfront challenges are the perceptions and attitudes of students and lecturers to adopt and adapt to learning technologies for smooth integration of technology into academic programmes in public universities. From the Constructivist and Positivist paradigm, this is an exploratory study of the perspectives of Policymakers and Implementers in their quest to infuse technology into academic programmes. Qualitative method through in-depth interviews of Policymakers and Policy Implementers (IT Support Staff) was adopted in six (6) accredited public universities. The study found that public universities are at the Adaptation level of integrating technology into academic programmes. This has impacted positively on teaching and learning because it has enhanced the understanding of how to use modern technological tools and techniques, while supplementing and facilitating face-to-face teaching and learning.

Existential Positive Psychology embracing the importance of meaning of life received supports from many other fields of study, including cognitive linguistics and hypnotherapy. This paper analysed the source domain used by clients and compared the domains with those found in the manuals and scripts. The discussion then shifted to the role of consistent, positive conceptual metaphor to support active meaning construction in hypnotherapeutic manuals and scripts, starting from the pre-induction talk to its termination and evaluation. The research began with the acknowledgement of clients life experience that could provide help for the hypnotist in constructing the event structure of the schema, resulting, if required, in potential unique script for particular condition. This research was not based on maladaptive schema and it relied heavily on the potential internal strength found from the historical background information, interview and discussion during the pre-induction talk. This interview and discussion were treated as data for the analysis of the subjective function of the conceptual metaphor as it was applied in the treatment. The source domains used by the clients were then compared to those provided on Indonesian board of hypnotherapy manuals and scripts. The research then continued to find one possible consistent source domain to be applied throughout the manuals and scripts, based on recent findings from other disciplines that also focus on cognition and neuroscience. We proposed energy as the source domain and discussed the possibility to use this source domain, not only to deal with self as a single entity, but also to relate one entity to other entities and beyond.

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted various parts of the world. One of the impacts is in the economic field, where many companies terminate their employment or lay off their employees. The Ministry of Manpower in Indonesia noted that as many as 72,983 workers became victims of Termination of Employment (PHK), and 4,156 companies laid off their employees due to financial conditions affected by Covid. The number of workers who became victims of layoffs was obtained from a survey conducted in November 2021. The survey was conducted in 21 Manpower Offices from 34 provinces in Indonesia through quantitative methods through questionnaires. The problem is that many workers laborers who are laid off do not comply with the procedures contained in Government Regulation 35 of 2021. Workers laborers who experience termination of employment must receive legal notification and rights due to termination of employment. This research can be categorized as normative juridical research or library law research. The research approach used is a conceptual approach. The method of collecting legal materials is in the form of documentation. This research does not require direct involvement in the research object but only through written documents. The types of sources of legal materials used in this study consist of primary data sources, secondary data sources, and tertiary data sources.

A company is an organization that is set to maximize profit with the smallest expenses, this purpose still embedded in the mindset of every entrepreneur. The Board of Directors, who are also majority and minority shareholders, are concurrent positions that often occur in the practice of a company, by regulation this is not regulated in existing positive laws in various countries. This article is expected to contribute to the development of regulations that specifically regulate the position of the Board of Directors and Shareholders. Because it affects fairness for other stakeholders, the author intends to discuss in this article to find a link between the Board of Directors who are also Shareholders in running the company and aspects of fairness for other stakeholders. The purpose of writing this article is to examine the position of the Board of Directors who is also as Shareholders in fairness theory, while the orientation of this analysis is in the form of theoretical and comparative approaches. The need for intervention from regulators, legislators to make adjustments to the provisions in order to ensure fairness for all stakeholders is realized and distributed.

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the arm power of the Bantul District Boxing Athletes. This study uses a survey method. The population of this study was 12 Boxing athletes in Bantul Regency. The sample in this study used a total sampling technique totaling 12 Boxing athletes in Bantul Regency. The data collection technique used in this study was the arm power test which was measured by throwing a medicine ball test. Data analysis in this study used SPSS version 25. Based on the results of the research analysis, it can be concluded that the ability of the arm power of the Boxing Athletes of Bantul Regency is very well category with a total of 1 person, 5 well categories, 5 enough categories and 1 less once category athlete.

Historical works written in Movarounnahr and Khorasan in the 14th-15th centuries occupy a special place in Eastern historiography in terms of their writing style and scope of the topic. Because they were the basis for the development of the field of historiography and the emergence of new directions in it. The development of the field of historiography is primarily due to the patronage of Amir Temur and the Timurid princes, as well as the merits of the great historians who lived in that time. To date, there are a number of studies on the history of Amir Temur and the political and cultural life of the Timurid period, in particular, on the works of historians of this period. However, little attention was paid to the role of the scientific heritage of historians who lived dyuring this period in the development of the field of historiography. This article analyzes the role of the scientific heritage of one of the famous historians and geographers of the Middle Ages, Hafiz-i Abru, in the historiography of the Timurid era. For this, the contribution of the historian to the development of the cultural life of the Timurid period, especially in the field of historiography, in connection with the history of this period, will be highlighted. The significance of the scientific heritage of Hafiz-i Abru in the study of the history of Amir Temur and the Timurid period is discussed. The similarities and differences of the historian with other historians of his time are analyzed.

Geopolitical importance of both Bangladesh and Myanmar has increased due to the changing international order. These two countries are turning into an arena of middle power rivalry by the influence of the lone superpower in order to counter balance the adversary. Rohingya issue is one of the bilateral deterrents between both countries and still unsettled. This paper tends to focus on the current situation between Bangladesh-Myanmar and rest of the super powers. The global and regional power is now focusing on this geostrategic region because this issue has geopolitical significance.Natural resources and geographical location of the region is accelerating this dispute and attracting the superpowers to involve in the game of geopolitics. Both of the countries get benefit due to the geographical nearness but these two neighbours are hardy as close and interactive that they should have been. Since the independence of Bangladesh this relation is interrupted due to the geopolitical and geostrategic problem between them regarding the Rohingya issue. Though there is a geopolitical hindrance, there is a scope to prospect in the bilateral relations through solving the Rohingya issue where we may formulate conditions so that both side have a win-win situation.

The main purpose of the study is to shed light on the life and work of Abu Bakr al-Warraq Mu?ammad b. ?Umar al-?akim al-Tirmidhi and to show that he is a great scientist and thinker who has a place in the Islamic world, and to form scientifically based conclusions using original sources while covering the topic RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In the study, logical consistency was observed in the coverage of the life and work of Abu Bakr al-Warraq al-Tirmidhi. Also, original sources and scientific studies on the subject were involved, and the information in them was analyzed in a mutual comparison. RESEARCH RESULT It was determined that Abu Bakr al-Warraq al-Tirmidhi was one of the persons who held an important place in the history of Islamic thought, and it was proved that the scholar was a follower of the Tirmidhi school in terms of style, as a follower of Hakim Tirmidhi, and that he was a major person who directly influenced the Islamic environment of Transoxiana both in the direction of Sufism and in the direction of the knowledge of the word through Abul Qasim Hakim Samarkandi. In Transoxiana, the concepts of wisdom and judgement and the principles of succession were analyzed for the first time. Evidence was given that the scientists works were spread and valued throughout the Islamic world. Conclusions were made about the views of Warraq Tirmidhi directly based on the work Al-Olim wal-muta allim (The Master and the Disciple) written by the scientist. Based on all this, it was concluded that it is necessary to carry out large-scale research on the scientists activity.

The main purpose of the study is to shed light on the life and work of Abu Bakr al-Warraq Mu?ammad b. ?Umar al-?akim al-Tirmidhi and to show that he is a great scientist and thinker who has a place in the Islamic world, and to form scientifically based conclusions using original sources while covering the topic RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In the study, logical consistency was observed in the coverage of the life and work of Abu Bakr al-Warraq al-Tirmidhi. Also, original sources and scientific studies on the subject were involved, and the information in them was analyzed in a mutual comparison. RESEARCH RESULT It was determined that Abu Bakr al-Warraq al-Tirmidhi was one of the persons who held an important place in the history of Islamic thought, and it was proved that the scholar was a follower of the Tirmidhi school in terms of style, as a follower of Hakim Tirmidhi, and that he was a major person who directly influenced the Islamic environment of Transoxiana both in the direction of Sufism and in the direction of the knowledge of the word through Abul Qasim Hakim Samarkandi. In Transoxiana, the concepts of wisdom and judgement and the principles of succession were analyzed for the first time. Evidence was given that the scientists works were spread and valued throughout the Islamic world. Conclusions were made about the views of Warraq Tirmidhi directly based on the work Al-Olim wal-muta allim (The Master and the Disciple) written by the scientist. Based on all this, it was concluded that it is necessary to carry out large-scale research on the scientists activity.

The main purpose of the study is to shed light on the life and work of Abu Bakr al-Warraq Mu?ammad b. ?Umar al-?akim al-Tirmidhi and to show that he is a great scientist and thinker who has a place in the Islamic world, and to form scientifically based conclusions using original sources while covering the topic RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In the study, logical consistency was observed in the coverage of the life and work of Abu Bakr al-Warraq al-Tirmidhi. Also, original sources and scientific studies on the subject were involved, and the information in them was analyzed in a mutual comparison. RESEARCH RESULT It was determined that Abu Bakr al-Warraq al-Tirmidhi was one of the persons who held an important place in the history of Islamic thought, and it was proved that the scholar was a follower of the Tirmidhi school in terms of style, as a follower of Hakim Tirmidhi, and that he was a major person who directly influenced the Islamic environment of Transoxiana both in the direction of Sufism and in the direction of the knowledge of the word through Abul Qasim Hakim Samarkandi. In Transoxiana, the concepts of wisdom and judgement and the principles of succession were analyzed for the first time. Evidence was given that the scientists works were spread and valued throughout the Islamic world. Conclusions were made about the views of Warraq Tirmidhi directly based on the work Al-Olim wal-muta allim (The Master and the Disciple) written by the scientist. Based on all this, it was concluded that it is necessary to carry out large-scale research on the scientists activity.

Diversity is a sunnatullah whose existence cannot be eliminated. Therefore, in this case religion functions as a blessing for all mankind, it can be done through creating awareness about tolerance in the midst of the diversity that God has created for humans, both in terms of ethnicity, ethnicity, language, religion, and culture. Therefore, in order to realize the formation of a moderate society in the context of diversity in Indonesia, religious moderation and educational discourse are interesting issues, where currently people in Indonesia have paid special attention to religious moderation. The research used is a type of qualitative research. Methods of data collection is done through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data source is Islamic Religious Education Teacher at SMA Negeri 1 Purwokerto. The practical role of Islamic Religious Education Teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Purwokerto in order to strengthen the understanding of religious moderation for students is carried out by various activities such as rejecting hate speech both outside and inside school, fostering an attitude of peace and peace in the social environment, building harmony and tolerance with groups. -Different groups. Thus it can be defined that religious moderation is a peaceful, tolerant and polite and moderate attitude, which is useful for oneself and those around you, in terms of tolerance values, there is a need for awareness and patience in answering existing problems.

The purpose of this study is to examine cognitive metaphors in Vi Thuy Linhs poetry to see the new and reckless poetic thinking as well as the concepts in her poetry. The linguistic description method; context analyzation are used to clarify how the nature of cognitive metaphor models structure the mindset, perception, and human activities and discover specific features in the way of perceiving and thinking and reflecting the world of author. Along with statistical and classifying methods based on two volumes Khat and Dong Tu I have seen cognitive metaphors expressions in this is the destination domains of love. Through research, it has been highlighted that cognitive metaphor is not only a rhetorical form of literature but also a matter of thinking, a specially mental mapping that has a great influence on how people think and act in daily life. In practical terms, the research took advantage of conceptual models of cognitive linguistics to explain the thinking manipulations and arguments in Vi Thuy Linhs poetry - what makes the difference in her language usage as well as the style of composition.

Absenteeism has been linked to ineffective healthcare delivery in several studies. This research looks at absenteeism in Bangladeshs public healthcare centers (PHCs), a health system level recognized as vulnerable to absenteeism. Front-line health workers, administrators, service consumers, and health propensity committee chairpersons were interviewed in detail and participated in focus groups. Absenteeism was shown to be quite common among healthcare employees, and it is a big problem in PHCs in rural areas when lateness is included. Absenteeism influences the pair service consumers and associates, although it is not necessarily intentional. Even though there are measures to prevent absenteeism in PHCs, our results reveal that they are readily evaded and ineffectual due to utilization and formative difficulties. The Anti-Corruption Evidence (ACE) strategy, which aims to include and improve the stimulations of significant players in the system to support efficiency-renovating measures and, in turn, ensure efficient service delivery, might be relevant in this case. In this research, we evaluate the patient satisfaction and the quality of services at PHCs, and the effect of a lack of health workers in Bangladeshs rural public healthcare centers (PHCs).

This study examines the influence of Servant Leadership, work motivation, and work environment on the performance of elementary school teachers in North Lampung District. This research was conducted on all elementary school teachers in North Lampung District, Indonesia using a survey method with path analysis applied in hypothesis testing. One hundred one hundred and eighty five samples were randomly selected using the Slovin formula. The results show that servant leadership has a direct effect on teacher work motivation. The work environment has a direct effect on the development of teacher work motivation. Servant leadership has a direct effect on teacher performance. The work environment has a direct effect on teacher performance. Work motivation has a direct effect on teacher performance. Servant leadership has a direct effect on the work environment. Servant leadership has an indirect effect on performance through teacher work motivation. The work environment has an indirect effect on performance through the teachers work motivation. The hypothetical model for improving the performance of public elementary school teachers is influenced by servant leadership, work motivation and work environment.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of organizational commitment components on job satisfaction and job performance. The relationship between variables in this study was analyzed structurally using SPSS and AMOS version 22. A total of 292 survey results were collected from University of Trunojoyo Madura employees. The study results show that the components of organizational commitment, namely affective commitment, and normative commitment affect job satisfaction, but continuance commitment does not influence job satisfaction. Then job satisfaction affects employee job performance, and job satisfaction mediates the relationship between normative commitment and affective commitment to employee job performance, but job satisfaction does not mediate the relationship between continuance commitment and employee job performance.

This study aims to improve the poetry writing ability of eight grade at SMP Negeri 14 Seram Bagian Timur using the jigsaw type cooperative learning model. The research data form poetry writing ability test results in each cycle. The research subjects were students of eight grade students at SMP Negeri 14 Seram Bagian Timur totaling 22 students. The final score of each student is obtained from the acquisition score divided by the total score then multiplied by the ideal score (100). The final value is then converted according to the specified criteria. The results showed that there was an increase in poetry writing ability of egiht grade students at SMP Negeri 14 Seram Bagian Timur using the jigsaw type cooperative learning model. This can be seen from the number of students who achieved the minimum completeness criteria (in Indonesia = KKM) in the first cycle namely 12 students (54.54%) to 17 students (77.27%) in the second cycle.

The purpose of this study was to build an understanding the role of Customer Interface Quality (CIQ), Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Type of research is Explanatory Research. Data collection using a questionnaire. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The number of samples was 110 online shoppe consumers at Pamekasan Regency, Indonesia, and data analysis used the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS software. The results of this study indicate Customer Interface Quality (CIQ) have a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) have a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty.

This study aims to describe the implementation of integrated quality management in elementary schools. This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The setting of this study is two public elementary schools in Balangan Regency. The key informants were principals and teachers defined by purposive sampling technique. The data collection techniques were done through interviews, observation and documentation. The data validity was carried out by triangulating data by means of triangulation and peer breafing triangulation. The data analysis used interactive analysis of the Huberman model which consisted of data collection, data display, data reduction and verification inference. The results of the study found that the implementation of integrated quality management in elementary schools is implemented through the principle of focus on customer satisfaction, respect for everyone, leadership and implementation of the principle of continuous improvement.

One of the problems of the Republic of Indonesia s National Defense is that the minimum defense force has not been fulfilled, so policy and budgetary support are needed to increase this force, including defense equipment. This support is required from the legislature (DPR-RI), the executive (especially Bappenas and the Ministry of Finance), as well as positive public aspirations, one of the indicators of which is the direction of national mass media coverage. Regarding this effort, Defense Minister Prabowo Subianto carried out defense diplomacy activities by making a series of visits abroad, which raised pros and cons at home. Pointed starting from this background, this research aims to analyze how national online news media reports framing news regarding a series of visits to Indonesian defense diplomacy activities conducted by Defense Minister Prabowo Subianto for the October 2019-November 2021 period; and what is the impact of online news media coverage in helping support from stakeholders in supporting defense diplomacy activities to improve national defense. This research approach is qualitative. Research period October 2019-November 2021. Primary data collection techniques are through in-depth interviews with eight sources and analyzing the framing of 15 news related to 15 news in three online news media (Kompas.com. Detik.com, and Tribunnews.com). Secondary data collection techniques through library research. The results of the study show that the framing of national online news media is positive, which can be interpreted as playing a role in supporting the defense diplomacy activities carried out by Defense Minister Prabowo in the form of a series of overseas visits for the period October 2019November 2021; and positive framing by the national online news media as the aspirations of the community (public) has had a positive impact on the attitude of stakeholders (DPR-RI, Bappenas, Ministry of Finance) by responding positively to the Ministry of Defenses policies to meet the needs of the TNIs leading weaponry equipment to improve national defense.

This study aims to describe the principals leadership strategy, the empowerment of teachers, and the leadership model applied. The approach used is qualitative with a multi-site type of study. Data were collected through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data is analyzed with individual site data analysis techniques and cross-site data analysis. The validity of the data is carried out by checking credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The results of this study are: (1) leadership strategies are applied by applying: forming a vision and mission in a deliberative manner, building joint commitment, and implementing an open system in leadership; (2) empowering teachers by: the principal provides a dicussion forum, provides examples and motivations for its members, is fair and asks for performance evaluations, provides attention, encouragement, appreciation and mentoring to members, and strives for conducive working conditions; (3) The leadership model applied can be seen from: the ability of forward-looking leaders, the ability to empower members, implement leadership approaches, attitudes that show exemplary, and memberi impact on the progress of the school. The conclusion of this study is that the principal has implemented a leadership model that refers to instructional and transformational leadership.

School principals and teachers must synergize so that the achievement of the quality of education runs effectively. The management of the Indonesian 2013 curriculum implemented by the school could not run well without the role of the principal and teachers. For this reason, the role of the principal is very important for teachers in giving material related to the norms in each field of study that are developed, explicit, and connected with the context of daily life. The objectives of this study are (1) planning an analysis (2) implementation (3) evaluation (4) constraints in its implementation. This research approach was a qualitative type of multi-site study. The data was collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of this study showed that: (1) planning; (2) implementation; (3) evaluation; (4) constraints in its implementation. Suggestions from this study are aimed at (1) for schools to improve the quality of education can continue to be developed in the 2013 curriculum (2) for students parents are expected to support their children in cooperation with schools (3) for students to be able to apply learning (4) for authors and researchers are expected to conduct further research on 2013 Curriculum Management Link.

The quality of teachers is closely related to the quality of their competence. Teacher competence must always be improved along with the development of science and technology as well as the demands of society and the world of work, especially in adapting to the 4.0 and 5.0 eras. Efforts to improve teacher competence can be carried out through FGD, IHT, KKG and Training activities. Teacher competency development programs must be designed and implemented as well as possible so that the results can be achieved optimally. This study aims to describe the planning, organization, implementation and supervision of teacher competency development at SD Negeri Sungai Lulut 1 and SD Negeri Keliling Benteng Ilir, Banjar Regency. The research was a multi-site study with a qualitative approach p there is SDN Sungai Lulut 1 and SDN Keliling Benteng Ilir, Banjar Regency. The data source consisted of the principals, teachers and supervisors and researchers as key instruments. The data collection techniques were; observation, interviews and documentation studies. The data unearthed was in the form of primary data and secondary data. Data analysis using a causal network of cross-site analytics. Test the validity of the data through; credibility, transferrability, dependability, confirmability. The findings of the research of the two sites indicate the existence of planning consisting of; analysis of competency needs, designing development activities (FGD, IHT, KKG, Training), organizing in the form of; delegation of tasks/ committees, implementation of development activities, effectiveness and efficiency and supervision consists of; monitoring evaluation and follow-up.

The purpose of this study to determine the Effect of transformational leadership of school principals (X1) work discipline (X2) and work motivation (Z) on the work performance of teachers (Y) of State Vocational Schools in Banjarmasin City. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach with the population being state vocational school teachers in Banjarmasin city who have the status of civil servants dengan the number of teachers is 342 people, and the sample size is determined by proportional random sampling technique of 184 people. Data were collected using questionnaires with the Likert scale model. Data wereanalyzed using descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, path analysis, F test, t test. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that there is an Effect between: (1) transformational leadership l the principal on teacher performance by 0.604, (2) work discipline on teacher performance by 0.590, (3) leadership of the principals anal transformation to work motivation of 0.762, (4) transformational leadership of the principal to work motivation of 0.272, (5) work discipline to work motivation of 0.222, (6) transformational leadership of the principal to teacher performance through work motivation of 0.311, (7) Work discipline tow

This study aims to describe and analyze the correlation of the principals situational leadership, emotional intelligence, and motivation to achieve to teacher creativity. This research used a correlational method with a descriptive-quantitative approach. The population in this study was 385 teachers at a State Elementary School in Banjarmasin Tengah. The sampling technique in this study used proportional random sampling so that a sample of 197 teachers was obtained at a State Elementary School in Banjarmasin Tengah. The data in this study was obtained through a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that (1) there was a significant positive correlation between the principals situational leadership and the teachers creativity, (2) there was a significant positive correlation between the teachers emotional intelligence and the teachers creativity, (3) there was a significant positive correlation between the teachers achievement motivation and the teachers creativity, (4) there was a significant positive correlation between the principals situational leadership and the teachers emotional intelligence, (5) there is a significantly positive correlation between the principals situational leadership and the teachers motivation for achievement, (6) there is a significantly positive correlation between the principals situational leadership and the teachers creativity through the teachers emotional intelligence, and (7) there is a significant positive correlation between the principals situational leadership and teacher creativity through achievement motivation at SDN Banjarmasin Tengah.

This study aims to examine the strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation of the Mover School Program at SDN Antasan Kecil Timur 1 and SDN Kebun Bunga 3 Banjarmasin, with a multi-site descriptive qualitative technique. The main instrument as well as data sources and methods for gathering information were from principals, instructors, and supervisors in each field of research through observation and documentation study. Individualized and cross-site data analysis were used in data analysis. The reliability, dependability, and confirmability of the data using the criteria. The results showed that both sites had established their vision and mission, identified the opportunities and challenges facing the organization from an external point of view, identified the organizations strengths and weaknesses from an internal point of view, and prepared a long-term plan, resources, motivating employees, allocating resources, developing a culture that supports strategy, and creating budgets for the development and utilized information systems as a tool for strategic preparation.

The success of education lies in the commitment of teachers to make it happen; therefore, teachers are required to increase work commitments further optimally so that success can be achieved. Several things can strengthen the teachers work commitment, including the managerial competence of the principal, the school climate, and the teachers morale. This study aims to analyze the direct correlation between the principals managerial competence and the teachers work commitment, the school climate with the teachers work commitment, the teachers morale with the teachers work commitment, the principals managerial competence with the school climate, the managerial competence of the head of the school with the teachers morale. It also analyzes the indirect correlation of the principals managerial competence with the teachers work commitment through the school climate and the indirect correlation of the principals managerial competence with the teachers work commitment through the teachers morale. This research uses an influential method with a descriptive-quantitative approach with path analysis. The study sample was 148 teachers. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of the principals managerial competence (67 items), school climate (15 items), teacher morale (23 items), and teacher work commitment (25 items) which has been tested for validity and reliability. This research instrument was tested for validity and reliability using a product-moment person correlation test. The research data were analyzed using path analysis to see the direct and indirect correlations between variables by conducting normality and linearity tests. The results showed that there was a positive and significant direct correlation between the principals managerial competence and the teachers work commitment, the school climate with the teachers work commitment, the teachers morale with the teachers work commitment, the principals managerial competence with the school climate, and the principals managerial competence with the teachers morale. Moreover, there is a positive and significant indirect correlation between the principals managerial competence and the teachers work commitment through the school climate and the indirect correlation between the principals managerial competence and the teachers work commitment through the teachers morale.

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the direct and indirect correlation between achievement motivation as an intermediate variable in the correlation between work ethics and work commitment and teacher performance. The population includes 151 teachers from elementary schools in Paringin, with a sample size of 109 people. The data analysis of this study used a descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS 22. The data was collected through questionnaires. The results showed that: Work ethic, work commitment, motivation to excel, and teacher performance are included in the high category, there is a direct correlation between work ethic, work commitment, motivation to excel, teacher performance, and teacher performance, also work ethic, commitment, and performance have an indirect correlation with teacher performance through teacher achievement motivation.

This study aimed to examine the correlation between the situational leadership of the principal and teacher performance through work motivation and the work climate of state vocational school teachers in Banjarmasin. Using a proportional random sampling technique, a sample size of 170 people was chosen from among 296 teachers who have been certified to teach in state vocational schools in Banjarmasin as the population. Technique for gathering data was questionnaires that was distributed via Google Forms and questionnaires. Validity and reliability tests were used in instrument testing. The data was analyzed by using some techniques namely data description, path analysis, trimming, normalcy test, multicollinearity test, and heteroskedasticity test. The findings revealed a correlation between: (1) the situational leadership of the principal and teacher performance which was 0.841; (2) the situational leadership of the principal and teacher work motivation which was 0.857; (3) the situational leadership of the principal and work climate which was 0.865; (4) work motivation and teacher performance which was 0.128; (5) work climate and teacher performance which was 0.949; and (6) the situational leadership of the principal with teacher performance through work motivation which was 0.110, (7) situational leadership of the principal with teacher performance through work climate with the result was 0.949.

This study aims to describe and analyze the direct and indirect effect of transformational leadership of school principals, teacher job satisfaction, organizational commitment to organizational citizenship behavior (ocb) of teachers at SDN in Martapura. This research was a descriptive-quantitative study. The total sample of this study was 174 teachers from SDN in Martapura. The sampling technique used was a proportional random sampling. The data analysis to test hypotheses used a path analysis. The results showed that there are: (1) principals transformational leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) teachers fall into a high category, (2) there is a direct effect of principal transformational leadership, job satisfaction, on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) through the organizational commitment of teachers at SDN in Martapura (3) there is an indirect effect of the transformational leadership of the principal, job satisfaction, on the Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of teachers through Organizational Commitment at SDN in Martapura.

This study aims to find out how to plan, implement, and follow up academic supervision of madrasah principals in an effort to increase teacher pedagogic competence. The research used qualitative methods with multi-site study design on MTs Negeri 2 and MTs Negeri 3 Banjar Regency. The source of the research data was taken from research informants, namely the principal, teachers and school documentation. Data collection was conducted using interview, observation and documentation techniques. Data analysis was carried out on a multi-site basis with stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the planning of the academic supervision program has been prepared by involving teachers and forming an academic supervision team as stated in the annual work program and semester work program. The implementation of academic supervision is carried out by the principal of the madrasah with a class supervision assessment instrument which is carried out directly with observation in the classroom is carried out twice a semester. The follow-up academic supervision of the principal of the madrasah is individual directly individually or in groups delivered through the routine of meeting activities

This research was intended to describe the leadership of the principal in developing teacher resources. This study was qualitative research and employed a phenomenological approach. This research was conducted at two public elementary schools in Balangan Regency. Principals and instructors have been identified as Key Informants through the use of purposive sampling. Interviewing, observation, and documenting are techniques for collecting data. Validity of data is determined by triangulating data through engineering triangulation and peer review triangulation. The data collected was analyzed by using interactive analysis of the Huberman model, which comprises of data gathering, data display, data reduction, and verification/inference. According to the findings of the study, the leadership model utilized in the development of teacher resources is a democratic and transformational leadership model structured through supervision, in-house training, and involvement in external training.

This study aims to analyze the role of marketing performance in mediating the influence of entrepreneurial characteristics and the environment on the sustainability of SMEs. SMEs are required to be able to adapt by adapting to the business environment and communicating innovative products in marketing to be able to reach consumers and reach the target market and reduce costs for business continuity. This research is survey research. The research population is culinary SMEs in the city of Surakarta. Collecting data using a questionnaire. The sampling technique used accidental sampling, as many as 96 culinary SMEs in Surakarta. Validity testing uses Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Cronbachs Alpha for reliability testing. Data analysis using Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results showed that entrepreneurial characteristics and the business environment had an effect on business sustainability through marketing performance. Entrepreneurial characteristics and the business environment have a role in improving and marketing products and expanding the market, so that SMEs can survive and perform well during the pandemic and can increase market growth in the process of economic recovery

The purpose of this study is to analyze the direct and indirect correlation between principal entrepreneurship competence, teacher professional competence, work motivation, and production unit results at state vocational schools in Banjarmasin. The method used in this study was a descriptive correlational using a path analysis model to analyze correlation patterns between variables. The study population was 240 teachers from 5 State Vocational Schools located in Banjarmasin and 150 respondents were taken as research samples using the Proportionate Random Sampling technique and proportional allocation formula. Data collection was done through questionnaire instruments and data analysis used descriptive analysis, classical assumption testing, hypothesis testing, and path analysis. The results of the analysis of this study showed that there is a correlation between principal entrepreneurship competence and production unit results, there is a correlation between principal entrepreneurship competence and teacher work motivation, there is a correlation between teacher professional competence and production unit results, there is a correlation between teacher professional competence and teacher work motivation, there is a correlation between teacher work motivation and the results of the production unit, there is a correlation principal entrepreneurship competence and production unit results through the motivation of the teachers work and there is a correlation between the professional competence of the teacher and the results of the production unit through the motivation of the teachers work.

This study aims to determine and analyze the correlation between principal communication, work ethic, work motivation, and teacher performance. This research is correlational research with a quantitative approach formulated into a path analysis model. The study population was 153 with 111 studies. The data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of principal communication (18 items), work ethic (31 items), work motivation (28 items), and performance (26 items) that have been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis of this study used path analysis. The results of the study found that there was a direct correlation between the principals communication to performance (0.658), there was a direct correlation between work ethic to performance (0.547), and there was a direct correlation between work motivation to performance (0.879). Moreover, there was a direct correlation between the communication of the principal towards motivation work (0.292), the direct correlation between work ethic to work motivation (0.484), an indirect correlation between the principals communication to performance through motivation work (0.257), and the existence of an indirect correlation of work ethic to performance through motivation work (0.425).

This study aims to describe the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of strategies for improving the quality of performance of School Administration Staff at PGRI 1 Martapura Vocational School and PGRI Banjarbaru Vocational School. The focus of this study is examining how the formulation, implementation and evaluation of the School Administration Staff (SAS) performance quality improvement strategies implemented in both schools. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach that described the objects under the study. The data collection was carried out by observation, interview and documentation techniques. Determination of the subject used purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis techniques were carried out by reducing, presenting data and drawing conclusions as well as verifying the reliability of research results with techniques of accuracy of observation, triangulation and consultation of supervisors. The results of this study showed that 1) the formulation of a strategy to improve the quality of SAS performance planned in the form of SAS performance targets and reports makes the quality of SAS performance directed and on target, 2) the implementation of SAS performance quality improvement strategies is able to make SAS performance quality better and more appropriate, and 3) evaluation of SAS performance quality improvement strategies are able to improve the quality of SAS performance to be optimal.

Education is one of the fundamental rights of every human being. It plays a decisive role in the development process and is a consensus of the international community by recommending that every citizen has the right to an education that allows him to explore his potential and achieve his full development in order to contribute to the development of his society. It is envisaged to ensure access to quality basic education for school-age populations, with the main strategy of reducing disparities between boys and girls, equal opportunities and opportunities, and keeping girls in the system. In doing so, some developing countries have established a national evaluation system and the results indicate that girls perform worse than boys. This sad observation caught our attention and prompted us to conduct a study on the academic failure of girls in the Talangaï II school district, particularly in CE1 and CM1 classes.

It is undeniable that the Covid-19 pandemic which has lasted for more than a year in Indonesia has had an impact on the national economy. The current economic crisis is different from the economic crisis that was experienced in 1998 and 2008. At that time, businesses run by local entrepreneurs actually became the supporter of the national economy. However, it is different now where the pandemic has almost paralyzed all local businesses, including the batik industry. Batik as a cultural heritage that has been recognized by the world has good export potential for the country. It was proven that when the pandemic hit, batik entrepreneurs in Pekalongan City still persisted and even claimed to have increased their income. It is interesting to examine the reasons for the increase in the income of the batik industry. The results of the study support the notion that entrepreneurial skills, usefulness of accounting information, and marketing methods through e-commerce have a significant effect on the income earned by the Pekalongan batik industry. Meanwhile, the assumption that the level of financial literacy has a significant effect on increasing income is not supported. The research findings show that the increase in income of the Pekalongan batik industry during the pandemic is because the actors already have a good understanding of the usefulness of accounting information and maximize the use of e-commerce. The development of this research is expected to be carried out considering that there are still wide opportunities for exploration of research variables.

This study aims to analyze how the ethical identity of Javanese-Muslim and Chinese-Kunghucu ethnic entrepreneurs in Kanoman Market, Cirebon City, is to look deeply into ethnic entrepreneurial ethics in entrepreneurial practice, including in market contestation involving the two ethnicities. This study uses a qualitative method with an anthropological-economic approach to find and explain the entrepreneurial phenomenon involving elements of ethnicity. Primary data comes directly from ethnic entrepreneurs, and secondary data as supporting sources, such as books, journals, proceedings, etc. Exploration, observation, interviews, and in-depth processes carried out data collection. Then, it is equipped with data analysis to answer research questions. The research found that the entrepreneurial ethics of the Javanese-Muslim and Chinese-Kunghucu ethnicity stem from world views, adhered to cultural systems, and connectedness to God or ancestors. The ethnic worldview of God and connectedness to ancestors shape the entrepreneurial ethic. Then, ethnic entrepreneurial ethics shape positive behavior in entrepreneurship.

The aim of this study is investigating how the implementation of Freedom Writers Diary utilizes in speaking for debate class. The participants who involved in this research are 15 students of English Education Department Student University of Muhammadiyah Surabaya. The result of the implementing Gruwell stages teaching method, which is Freedom Writers Diary to the students of English Education Department student in a speaking for debating class are: total of 15 students, there are 9 students has positive comment and 6 students has negative comments. From the result, we can see the implementation of that method more students have positive comment about reading a book, make a movie and sharing is a good way to practice speaking for debate. Moreover, the social pedagogy of the students must be considered as one of the elements which influence students comfortable.