The article describes in detail the social, historical and political situation in the IX-XII centuries in the Central Asian region, Afghanistan, and the impact of these processes on the history of philosophical thought, scientific and social outlook.

The investigation focused on effect of family relation on self - actualization of physically handicapped adolescent boys and girls. 240 boys and girls selected on the basis of family relation through multistage sampling in each group are compared through analysis of variance. Significant effect of parent child relation & personality variables is noted.

This is a qualitative case study that explores how social capital optimizes the power of human capital in enhancing government performance and realizing broader goals and objectives that benefit an entire country. Through the analysis of data pertaining to the Republic of Armenia, the study explores approaches to growing social capital to boost the power of human capital in the government. As such, the research reveals that several work dynamics contribute to growing social capital, among which reciprocal collaboration, idea exchanges, and socialization; shared values of mutual trust and respect among staff; enabling environment of learning, openness, and healthy competition; sense of ownership, teamwork, and team performance rewards; sense of belonging and regard for national goals across units of government; and elimination of political favoritisms among staff. Though many of these notions are discussed in separate works by social science theorists, this qualitative research bundles multiple strategies in a comprehensive discussion of building social capital within and among units of government that would measurably amplify human capacity and performance for the public good.

Undergraduate students in Indonesia, including those pursuing bachelors degrees and diploma programs that may last three or four years, must take a research methodology course. Despite their lack of desire to become researchers, they must complete a final project that necessitates research skills. Students who complete the Course in one semester learn how to write a proposal, collect data, analyze data, and perform other tasks that a professional researcher would typically perform. Some lecturers who teach research methodology course in various study programs were interviewed. The present research uncovers how research methodology courses were presented and implemented. A variety of implementations were found, but most of them apply the use of assignments as an alternative to the learning by doing approach. A different number of credit points were also found in different study programs, impacting the number of sessions the students must spend. The methodology course comes in different nomenclatures in different study programs. They share a common goal: to help students conduct a final assignment as a requirement to graduate from their educational institution. Some suggestions on how to improve the Course are also expressed.

Womens social and political rights have invariably been a focal point of discussion and debate in academic and political encounters. Currently, the issue of womens rights, far from being a third-rail issue, is an extremely contested, top-agenda matter both within and across countries. Focusing on Morocco, women continue to be marginalized in many facets of society despite the efforts that have been made so far. The slow-paced involvement of women in political life remains an issue that tarnishes the kingdoms proclaimed ambition to be a haven for gender equity. In spite of the legal reforms, namely the Mudawana or family code, gender inequality and sexism persist in stark disregard of the internationally acknowledged rights of women. Although it is clearly stated in the Moroccan constitution that men and women are guaranteed equal rights, Moroccan women continue to face obstacles and societal discrimination on a daily basis. Thus, an equity-oriented mobilization needs to be undertaken so that women would distance themselves from the absolute implications of traditional societal norms cloistering them to inferior social roles. Within this vein, this paper seeks to sift what follows: (1) how constitutional laws in Morocco are thwarted by deeply-rooted societal norms and practices that underestimate womens potential, (2) how representation of women in politics can be an authentic indicator of overall development and modernization, and (3) how Moroccan womens participation in political life can enhance the kingdoms global image and boost its capacity to play a larger role on the regional and international scenes. Using a content-based approach, this investigation reveals that empowering Moroccan women is a strenuous endeavor that calls for the keen involvement of different social and political actors, namely the Ivy League ones, in order to allot women their stakes as real asset-holders in sustaining multi-layered national development.

This study was carried out to identify teachers knowledge and attitude toward implementing Program i-THINK in nine districts in Selangor state. A survey design was employed using a seven-point Likert Scale structured questionnaire. Respondents were selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure involving 500 teachers from nine districts in Selangor. Descriptive analysis was conducted to find the mean and standard division. The internal consistency reliability, often known as the alpha coefficient or Cronbach Alpha, was used to assess the instruments reliability. This study proved the teachers had the highest knowledge level (5.35 mean value). The attitude level among the teachers towards the Program i-THINK is also the highest, with (a 5.23 mean value). This study shows that teachers well receive the Program i-THINK. Besides, these findings have the potential to be benchmarked on the status of implication Program i-THINK in Malaysia, particularly in Selangor. However, continuous monitoring should be carried out by the Ministry of Education to ensure the implication of Program i-THINK by teachers. This study implies that Program i-THINK should be used to enhance the teachers knowledge and attitude on a larger scale to help the success of the Program i-THINK.

This study aims to describe the development process, validity, and effectiveness of Indonesian language teaching materials based on local wisdom in historical narrative text material for fifth grade students at SDN 5 Kebondalem Banyuwangi. The type of research used is development research or better known as the Borg and Gall Research and Development (R&D) model. In this study, the steps for developing the Borg and Gall R&D model were only carried out up to the eighth stage, namely product trials. This is because at the eighth stage of development research it can be concluded the feasibility and effectiveness of the product being developed. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews, validation, questionnaires, and tests. Validity results by the three expert validators of media, language, and materials as well as practitioners show that the Indonesian language teaching materials based on local wisdom that have been developed get a score of 88.1 with very decent criteria. The product validity score of the student response questionnaire is 91% which is classified as very good. The effectiveness of teaching material products that have been developed in terms of the learning outcomes completeness score of 86,36 is classified as very good criteria. The level of product effectiveness when viewed from the student response questionnaire shows a final score 87 so that it belongs to the very effective category. Based on the test results, it shows that the developed Indonesian language teaching materials are very effective in the learning process of historical narrative text material in class V of elementary schools.

It has been evident that human language recurrently changes over time and undergoes constant evolution. There have been extensive changes in the English language in terms of grammatical structures, new word patterns, and vocabulary and their usage. Consequently, the present study envisions outlining some major trends in vocabulary usage in modern 21st century English. A qualitative analysis method is used to explore the patterns of change with respect to time in the English language. The study has investigated the newly emerged trends in language usage, such as the use of abbreviations and short phrases, changes in the grammar and pronunciations over time, the concept of borrowed words. Moreover, the word-formation processes, coining of words, occasionalism and nonce words, compounding and formation of compound words, blending of words, as well as derivation are also discussed.

This research is entitled Designing Character Assets with RPG Style based on Reog Ponorogo Folklore. And main problem are development of technology will be affects the interest of millennials in preserving Indonesian culture. Becomes an important point of problems in this work are (1) How to concept the de-sign of character assets in RPG style based on Reog Ponorogo folklore that are unique and interactive? (2) How to visualize the design of character assets adapted from Reog Ponorogo folklore figures to be attractive for the target audiences? The purpose of this work is to create an interactive media to reintroduce the local culture, especially Reog Ponorogo.

Revoking land ownership rights in Indonesia and the Eminent Domain in India in an attempt to acquire land for the public good is a process that often causes conflict. Based on this, this research was conducted to describe the problem by comparing land acquisition and compensation processes in Indonesia and India. The type of research used is conventional law using secondary data, collecting data through literature studies that are qualitatively analyzed. The implementation of compensation in Indonesia starts with the Land Appraiser by calculating the loss value of the Land Acquisition Object. Based on the Indian law, compensation in India will be done by the Collector and the compensation amount decided by the Collector must meet solatium equal to one hundred percent of the money compensation and a sum of money calculated at 12% per year at the market value for that year. After all the calculations are completed, the Collector will give a report to the senior project officer and compensation will be given to the landowners.

This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of service quality and price on customer satisfaction for online motorcycle taxi services in North Jakarta which includes service quality and price as independent variables and customer satisfaction as the dependent variable. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The research method used is a survey method, namely a method for collecting primary data on information obtained from respondents. In this study, the authors process the questionnaire data in the form of data consisting of 11 statements for the service quality variable (X1), 3 statements for the price variable (X2) and 4 statements for the customer satisfaction variable (Y). This distributed questionnaire was given to 54 people in the city of North Jakarta who have used online gojek transportation services as research samples using a Likert scale in the form of a checklist. Based on the research that has been done, the characteristics of Go-Jek customers in the Kelapa Gading area of North Jakarta are mostly male with an age range of 21-25 years. Most of Go-Jeks customers, in the Kelapa Gading area, north Jakarta, have jobs as private employees and the most dominant having the last education level is high school. 2. Based on the F test, the significance level of 0.000 is smaller than 0.005 and F count 84,517 is greater than F table 3.179, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is an effect of service quality and price simultaneously on customer satisfaction. 3. Based on the T statistical test, the following results were obtained: -The calculated t value of X1 (quality of service) is 2,263 t table 2,007 then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is an influence of service quality on customer satisfaction. -The calculated t value of X2 (price) is 8.900 t table 2.007 then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is an effect of price on customer satisfaction.

The Passion is a novel written by a modern British feminist writer of the 20th century, Jeanette Winterson in 1987. She concerns with lesbian themes, gender, and sexuality in her works. This study aims to show the contribution of representation theory promoted by Stuart Hall in literary studies. The study utilized the concept of feminism proposed by Beauvoir as the foundation for data analysis to strengthen the argument. Data analysis shows that this novel expresses the spirit of feminism, namely 1) the resistance to the objectification of women, 2) the rejection of womens subordination, and 3) the support of cultural feminism. The analysis of the text narrative and the contextual background of the novel and the writer, the study showcased the ideological position of the writer

Law enforcement is a must carried out by the state in accordance with the aim of protecting and justice for its citizens, as stated in the 5th precept Social justice for all Indonesian people. Efforts to implement crime prevention do not necessarily only use penal efforts, there are also non-penal efforts. This penal effort will be closely related to the criminal justice system. As for this study, the method used is normative juridical. With the data collection method using literature studies. The analysis used is qualitative descriptive. The implementation of an independent and integrated criminal justice system is currently not running optimally because currently its structural institutions have not been integrated in the concept of functions and supervision of criminal justice system management because there are still institutions under the executive power of the government. So, in certain contexts it is feared that the influence of executive power shakes the integrity of the institution. So, there is still no firmness between the differences between legislative, executive, and judicial functions. The criminal justice system has also not been systemically realized, and is still fragmentary and compartmentalized, which creates rivalry between sub-systems which leads to an independent and integrated criminal justice system. Synchronization in the fields of substance, structural and legal culture is also a support for the success of an independent and integrated criminal justice system. As for building a good and authoritative criminal law enforcement system, law enforcement human resources who are reliable and mentally tough and have a complete understanding of the law are needed. For this reason, it is necessary to strive to increase education and knowledge for law enforcers, namely knowledge of legal science and the science of the Supreme Godhead.

In recent decades, the position of females in the boardroom has received increasing attention worldwide. It is argued that improving gender diversity in the boardroom as female directors can benefit corporate management in many ways. On the one hand, they have distinct characteristics which could make up for the shortcomings of male directors. On the other hand, females show different governance behaviours, and they can bring new ideas to corporate boards. In order to respond to social concern about gender equality in the boardroom and to encourage more females to contribute to corporate management, countries across the world have taken measures to improve the proportion of female directors on corporate boards in recent years. Worldwide, two main approaches can be seen. Some countries impose quota laws to promote gender diversity in the boardroom, while others adopt a voluntary approach. This essay will discuss development of both the quota approach and the voluntary approach and will then analyse their advantages and disadvantages, in order to illustrate their influence on improving gender diversity in the boardroom and to come up with some solutions for addressing the shortcomings of these approaches. Female directors are expected to have more opportunities to contribute professionally and meaningfully to corporate governance.

The mismatch of education, especially over-education, leads to inefficient allocation of scarce resources and becomes a public policy problem. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of educational-job mismatch on firm productivity. For this, we used a panel dataset for the period 2010-2016 obtained from the Central Statistical Organization (CSO) of Afghanistan, the World Bank database, and the Ministry of Labor and social welfare. Methodologically, we aggregated at the company level using the ORU (Overeducation, Required Education. and Undereducation) criteria. We also applied the OLS model, a fixed effects model, and a GMM estimator for dynamic systems. We investigate the significantly positive impact of university-level demands on company productivity while attempting to control for simultaneity concerns, unobserved work values that do not change over time, peer group consequences, and the interplay of the production process of adjustment; additional or longer periods of over-education or over-skilling (for younger as well as older workers) are detrimental to company productivity; additional years of under-education and under-skilling (for young employees) are not good (bad) for enterprises productivity. Governments should use greater levels of education and over-education of young and elderly employees as a policy instrument to boost productivity. The Generalized method of moments (GMM) approach is used in this work, which adds to the Afghan literature.

Spirituality was synonymous with a holistic form that includes a set of individual opinions or values that form some kind of meaning and union with oneself, people, nature, and the world at large. Perhaps spirituality can be seen with or without religion. Healers have claimed that talking with their clients about spirituality is a more popular topic, at least in English-speaking countries. As far as the literature is concerned, this is indeed a hot topic for discussion about the true meaning of spirituality and how it aligns with paradigms of occupational therapy practice. Introduction: The concept of spirituality has received increasing attention in recent years from nurses (Greasley, Methods and Results: To expand on this topic, we need to explore the main definition of spirituality among Australians and New Zealanders, and use mental health as an application of the environment to indicate how professional psychologists can address the spiritual needs of different people who overcome mental problems. Conclusion: The effects of assessment and intervention on enhancing coping mechanisms, self-esteem, and social relationships, and giving patients hope for recovery from mental problems, were discussed.

In order to improve public service satisfaction, this study will investigate and examine how e-government-based services have been implemented. The Presidential Instruction No. 3 of 2003 concerning the National Policy and Strategy for the Development of e-government is referred to as the “e-government-based implementation". This study uses quantitative research methods with analytical techniques carried out descriptively and verification. In accordance with Presidential Instruction Number 3 of 2003 concerning National Policies and Strategies for e-Government Development, KEPMENPAN Number 63 of 2003 regarding General Guidelines for the Implementation of Public Services, and Laws-Law Number 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services, research demonstrates that the Majalengka Regency Government has institutionally implemented e-government-based services. Other findings show that e-government services have a high level of accuracy, effectiveness and efficiency in providing services, because e-government-based services are considered effective in minimizing the error rate in the service process. However, the achievement of e-government-based services in Majalengka Regency is still faced with various challenges, especially those related to the support of facilities and infrastructure, technology support and network stability as well as the support of human resources as managers.

This study aims to analyze the role which in this case includes the effectiveness, growth rate, and contribution of local taxes and regional levies to the locally generated revenue (PAD) in Indonesia in 2019-2021, or a comparison of the phenomena before and during the Covid-19 period. The data is sourced from secondary data in the form of time series data obtained by researchers indirectly through intermediary media, the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance, Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia through the https://djpk.kemenkeu.go.id page. Methods of testing and data analysis using descriptive statistical tests by measuring the effectiveness, contribution, and growth rate. Based on the results of the research, the effectiveness of provincial government regional tax revenues or regional levies in 2019 – 2021 has fluctuated and tends to experience a drastic decline in 2020. However, it can still be categorized as less effective to very effective. The average g rowth rate of all provincial governments in Indonesia has not managed to experience growth in both local tax revenues and regional levies in 2019 – 2021. The contribution of local taxes to the locally generated revenue (PAD) of all provinces in Indonesia is classified as very good. Meanwhile, the contribution of regional levies to the PAD of all provinces in Indonesia is classified as very low.

A new form of crime which is a white-collar crime is Insurance fraud in telemarketing the delivery of insurance products. The crime is a criminal act that violates the law against an insurance company with the aim of illegally obtaining financial benefits from closing a risk. This writing, apart from being a final project assessment, also aims to explain insurance marketing through telemarketing which causes many legal problems, especially in terms of its engagement in the cyber world. The results of this paper indicate that criminal policy through penal (criminal means) and non-penal (prevention means) in providing protection to ensure the protection of consumer rights so that they are not violated by business actors which can cause harm to consumers.

Globalization has opened a world market that allows us to trade. These exchanges are now counted in billions of Swiss francs (CHF). (Grossbard, 2023) Indeed, many companies buy and sell currencies every day in order to settle their transactions. For many companies, the price of foreign currencies has an impact on their results. This impact is not controllable and can be very volatile and unpredictable. Companies are all looking to minimize the uncertainty of foreign exchange losses and therefore find the best ways to avoid such accidents. Several means exist such as the technical strategy of currency hedging. This paper will illustrate how an international company works when it comes to forwards. There will be a fictional case study that will show the impact of the war in Ukraine in currency hedging.

More than three dozen conflicts are presently ongoing throughout the world. Of these, six have been converted into major wars, viz.: Yemeni Civil War, Mexican Drug War, Afghanistan Conflict, Myanmar Conflict, Ethiopian Civil War and the Russia-Ukraine War. Innocent citizens of these countries, including women and children, are being brutally killed in these conflicts. War leads to disaster. And after the holocaust one tends to preserve what is left behind and creates, once again, what has been destroyed. Ultimately, the end sufferers of the war going countries are its guiltless citizens. Solution to the above-mentioned violent conflicts lies in the Gandhian philosophy based on its four major principles, viz.: satya (truth), ahimsa (non-violence), satyagraha and sarvodaya. There is little scope for greed, lie, hatred, and urge for power, violence and possessiveness in Gandhian philosophy. After all when shall man realize that he is not immortal. Man has to realize that the mentality for more than required material possessiveness is the root cause of poverty and starvation. Wealth earned throughout life cannot be carried after death. The aforesaid chaos and conflict, which the world faces today is because man is running blindly in quest for the attainment of material gains and for the acquisition of absolute power. This selfish quest for money and power attracts jealousy and hatred from all corners ultimately resulting into grievous conflicts. And, therefore, Gandhi propagated in favour of non-possessiveness and detachment from material things. The world has had enough of bloodshed for the establishment of a so called just order, i.e., based on freedom and democracy, especially after the II World War. It is high time these conflicting countries realize that peace is indivisible and so is freedom and both together co-exist and are indivisible too.

Whereas in principle all types of intellectual property rights are protected by law including geographical indications. Legal protection for Geographical Indications is created when the owner registers it with the Minister of Law and Human Rights. Especially in the city of Semarang, the problem regarding the registration of Geographical Indications that occurs is the lack of awareness of the citizens of the city of Semarang to register their Geographical Indications, which actually has the potential to increase the competitiveness of local products in the City of Semarang. This study will address these issues using empirical juridical research methods based on primary legal data. Based on the research results, it is known that legal protection for geographical indications is created when the geographical indication is registered. Geographical indications that have been registered have an impact on strengthening the competitiveness of local products in the City of Semarang, so that the community and the government of the City of Semarang must jointly strive to increase awareness of the registration of geographical indications in the City of Semarang.

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children is a crime committed against children which is currently happening a lot and is reported in print and electronic media, besides that this crime often occurs within the domestic sphere between villages and cities and even across national borders. Children are the nations next generation and development successors who should be prepared as subjects for implementing sustainable development and controlling the future of a country. So to find out and examine more deeply about the legal protection of children as victims of sexual exploitation, researchers wish to conduct research on how is the legal protection for child victims of sexual exploitation? This research is a legal research using statutory approach (statute approach) and concept approach (conceptual approach). The results of this study are that the protection of children as victims of commercial sexual exploitation is carried out on the legal basis of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection according to the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali. The protection of children as victims of commercial sexual exploitation is carried out in three stages of legal protection, namely the legal protection stage before the criminal justice process, during the criminal justice process, and after the criminal justice process. accompanied by a Legal Counselor from the Social Service for Women and Children. Legal protection for children as victims of commercial sexual exploitation is carried out by referring to the accusator principle, namely by means of persuasion, not by means of violence and prioritizing the rights of the examinee.

Students interaction with the teacher is essential to scaffold students knowledge and cognition. However, in an online learning program, such interaction was minimum, making the learning process becomes more challenging. This study explored the students and teacher s interaction in four discussion forums in writing classes conducted online. Deploying the Community of Inquiry framework, this study aimed to find out the aspects of teaching presence appear in the forum, to examine the phases of cognitive presence that students engaged in the online discussion forums, and to determine which aspects of teaching presence that trigger the cognitive presence. Results indicated that (i) all of the teaching presence aspects were found in the overall discussion forums, (ii) three phases of cognitive presence (triggering event, exploration, and integration) were found in the overall discussion forums, and (iii) direct instruction was found to be the main trigger of teaching presence that promote the phases of cognitive presence to the exploration and integration phases.

Textbook as an essential component of learning was required to assist in education that promotes gender equality. The findings of previous studies on gender issues in language textbook mostly indicated that they depicted gender biases and gender stereotypes. To continue the study about gender issues in the textbook, the present study looked at visual and textual data representing the equality of gender that focused in the sector of education in ELT textbooks for the ninth graders of Indonesian junior high school. The findings revealed some gendered exposes gender equality in the sector of education. This finding implied that ELT textbook authors in Indonesia evaluated balanced resources that might aid junior high school students in enhancing gender awareness and eliminating gender misconceptions through proper exposure to materials expressing positive viewpoints of males and females. This study used Qualitative Content Analysis and a Descriptive Research Design to lead the portrays of the male and female characters in the textbook chosen.

The first purpose of the paper is to explore the actual teaching practice of cultural components in language teaching classrooms in some schools in Hanoi, Vietnam. The second purpose is to better understand the teachers’ perceptions towards the integration of cultural teaching in their foreign language teaching practice. A qualitative research approach was selected to answer the research questions. Five observations were conducted along with semi-structured interviews with teachers who had been interviewed. The findings show that not many activities were employed to teach cultural components in these classes. The cultural features were mainly dealt with through facts, visual images and some brief connotation explanation. However, it was surprisi ng that most teachers believed that the teaching of culture is useful for students in developing their communicative competence.

The purpose of this study is to describe the potential of agro tourism being developed in Pancasari Vilage, Buleleng Regency, Bali. As one of tourist attractions, agro-tourism in this rural area offers green vegetation with the marvelous view of lake and hilly valley. In fact, activities of agro-tourism and stakeholders involved in its development support sustainable tourism of Pancasari village. A qualitative method is applied yet quantitative data used as a complement through observation, interviews, and literature study of data collection technique. Informants determined through purposive sampling. The results reveal the potential of agro-tourism in Pancasari village covers some plantations among others are strawberry, vegetables as a supply chain of hotels and restaurants in Bali. Moreover, the existence of Pancasari agro-tourism can support the related places of interests nearby, such as Lake Buyan with its temple of Goddess of Lake Dewi Danu, and Bali Handara Golf Course. This potential, certainly is in line with the role of stakeholders of government, private and local community as the host for portraying the multiplier effect of tourism development in terms of the people welfare.

Although it is not quietly supported nowadays, some linguistics and orientalists believed proposed that due to the large resemblance between the two and somehow mutual ineligibility, Kurdish is a dialect of Persian. The objective of this paper was to answer this hypothesis from a lexical point of view. Lexical Similarity measures the similarity and or difference between a set of words from any given two languages. Despite the abundance of lexical similarity coefficients between various world languages in the literature, there are no available data on Kurdish and Persian, even though many Kurdish natives learn Persian as a second language. Our results showed (51.5 %) lexical similarity between Persian and Kurdish by using the Leipzig-Jakarta list. This result shows close proximity and common genetic roots between these two languages. However, it is not high enough to claim a dialect relation between the two; like, for example, 85% similarity index between Catalan and Spanish. Hence, this outcome, in a lexical point of view, is against the hypothesis of Kurdish is a dialect of Persian.

The first purpose of the paper is to explore the actual teaching practice of cultural components in language teaching classrooms in some schools in Hanoi, Vietnam. The second purpose is to better understand the teachers perceptions towards the integration of cultural teaching in their foreign language teaching practice. A qualitative research approach was selected to answer the research questions. Five observations were conducted along with semi-structured interviews with teachers who had been interviewed. The findings show that not many activities were employed to teach cultural components in these classes. The cultural features were mainly dealt with through facts, visual images and some brief connotation explanation. However, it was surprisi ng that most teachers believed that the teaching of culture is useful for students in developing their communicative competence.

The purpose of this study is to describe the potential of agro tourism being developed in Pancasari Vilage, Buleleng Regency, Bali. As one of tourist attractions, agro-tourism in this rural area offers green vegetation with the marvelous view of lake and hilly valley. In fact, activities of agro-tourism and stakeholders involved in its development support sustainable tourism of Pancasari village. A qualitative method is applied yet quantitative data used as a complement through observation, interviews, and literature study of data collection technique. Informants determined through purposive sampling. The results reveal the potential of agro-tourism in Pancasari village covers some plantations among others are strawberry, vegetables as a supply chain of hotels and restaurants in Bali. Moreover, the existence of Pancasari agro-tourism can support the related places of interests nearby, such as Lake Buyan with its temple of Goddess of Lake Dewi Danu, and Bali Handara Golf Course. This potential, certainly is in line with the role of stakeholders of government, private and local community as the host for portraying the multiplier effect of tourism development in terms of the people welfare.

Grade 1 is the first grade of primary school level, students begin to move from the main play-based activity to the main learning-based activity. Because it is just the beginning, the learning activity is still new and confusing for the children. The games have interesting and helpful content suitable for childrens perceptions. In addition, in the innovative education in Vietnam according to competency-based learning, learning games are extremely necessary for teachers. In this article, we clarify the concept and advantages of learning games in the process of teaching Mathematics and propose a process for designing and organizing learning games. At the same time, illustrate an activity of teaching Mathematics in primary school which using learning games.

Although it is not quietly supported nowadays, some linguistics and orientalists believed/proposed that due to the large resemblance between the two and somehow mutual ineligibility, Kurdish is a dialect of Persian. The objective of this paper was to answer this hypothesis from a lexical point of view. Lexical Similarity measures the similarity and or difference between a set of words from any given two languages. Despite the abundance of lexical similarity coefficients between various world languages in the literature, there are no available data on Kurdish and Persian, even though many Kurdish natives learn Persian as a second language. Our results showed (51.5 %) lexical similarity between Persian and Kurdish by using the Leipzig-Jakarta list. This result shows close proximity and common genetic roots between these two languages. However, it is not high enough to claim a dialect relation between the two; like, for example, 85% similarity index between Catalan and Spanish. Hence, this outcome, in a lexical point of view, is against the hypothesis of ‘Kurdish is a dialect of Persian.

Educational abandonment has become for many years a social problem that affects Latin American students. Consequently, several nations, including Ecuador, focus their efforts on mitigating this problem. The research about the educational abandonment of students with special needs aims to identify why 11 students did not continue studying. The sample was part of six public and private schools in Portoviejo. The school was selected due to the high number of students with special needs enrolled in the last school year. For achieving this qualitatively oriented study, semi-structured interviews were applied as a data collection technique, and the case study research method was implemented. Among the results found in the study sample, three factors of educational abandonment stand out. One of them was the socioeconomic situation, which takes precedence over the educational quality that the student could receive regardless of the type of educational institution of which he is a part. The other one was the educational environment stands out, which mainly alludes to the teachers preparation regarding the methodological adaptations that students with disabilities require to consolidate their learning. Finally, the family factor emphasizes the lack of responsibility of parents towards their children, such as limiting their right to education. This type of research is especially relevant due to the little literature about this vulnerable group, which will allow future explorations to be carried out that seek to enforce their rights.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become essential for companies to build strong corporate branding. This paper examines the importance of CSR as a key element in building strong corporate branding. The study is based on a comprehensive literature review of previous research and theoretical perspectives on CSR and corporate branding. The results indicate that CSR activities positively impact corporate branding and enhance the companys reputation, customer loyalty, and performance. CSR activities such as philanthropy, environmental sustainability, and ethical business practices have been shown to contribute to strong corporate branding. Furthermore, effective communication of CSR initiatives to stakeholders is critical to the success of CSR programs in building strong corporate branding. The study highlights the significance of CSR in building strong corporate branding and provides practical implications for companies seeking to enhance their corporate reputation and improve their performance.

The positioning of the English language as the worlds lingua franca has led to the prioritization of an English monolingual ideology, which has, over the years, promoted the English language as a product to be manufactured, sold, and continuously promoted in capitalistic spaces and neoliberal markets as a tool of upward mobility. This paper presents a university teacher-educator project that is continuing to implement an alter-globalized framework in language education. The project focuses on utilizing translingual practices to create more context-based and liberating learning environments for students and teachers, with a recognition of how these practices can empower people beyond schooling. The paper maintains that by shifting away from globalized perspectives rooted in imperialism in language education, the English language can be repositioned as one tool among many for international cross-cultural communication.

The study aims to describe the correlation between teacher performance, patterns of caring teacher and parenting habituation with children discipline. The method used was descriptive quantitative with correlational research study. The research samples were 144 people from 9 (nine) kindergartens taking with the Proportionate Random Sampling technique for sampling of a population of 225 people at kindergartens in Kandangan Subdistrict Hulu Sungai Selatan. The research data was analyzed descriptively and used path analysis. The results of the study found that (1) there is a positive and significant correlation between teacher performance and children discipline, (2) there is positive and meaningful correlation between pattern of caring teacher and children discipline, (3) there is an positive and significant correlation between parental habituation and children discipline, (4) there is positive and signifying correlation between teacher performance and parental habituation, (5) there is a poitive and significant correlation between pattern of caring teacher and parental habituation, (6) there is indirect correlation between teaching performance and children discipline through parental habituation, and (7) there has been an indirect correlation between pattern of caring teacher and parental habituation.

Suburban and peripheral villages of big cities are undergoing deep changes related to urban pressure. Actors, issues, challenges as well as conflicts of land use are more and more numerous and influence the modes of governance of these rural territories. These changes raise the problem of competence of each actor in the management of evolution dynamics of peripheral rural spaces in a context marked by permanent encroachment of urban on rural. This study focuses on rural governance in Bingerville, one of the most affected sub-prefectures by Abidjans spatial dynamics. It examines rural governance modes confronted with urbanization. How are economic and social development strategies implemented in villages considering morphological, social and functional changes that are taking place? The data collection methodology is based on documentary research and field surveys (observation, interviews and inquiry through questions). Observation has been necessary for estimating intensity of co-production of landscape by different actors. Interviews and inquiry through questions shed light on the modes of governance as known, settled and experienced by stakeholders. Results highlight two essential aspects: - Local political system and rural territorys actors - the various modes of governance linked to the games and stakes of actors involved. Customary governance is based on a political system made up of generations with a rotating power time. Cornerstone of local system, the chiefdom, while striving to maintain a certain pre-eminence, choose all the time traditional and patrimonial governance. The State and local authorities choose a participatory approach involving village communities, private companies, families and individuals having interests in defined areas. The current peri-urban landscape thus has the mark of this everlasting conflicting combination.

The PAUD head has a major role as responsible for the application of financial social education to the PAUD unit he she leads, the role of which is also an external link, both in coordination and in building cooperation with other parties to support the successful application of social financial education in PAUD units or institutions he heads, designing learning programs. This research aims to (1) Describe the leadership role of the PAUD chief in developing financial social education; (2) Describes the strategy of the head of PAUD in creating a social education learning climate; (3) Describes the competence required of teachers in carrying out social financial education; (4) Knowing the chief PAUD performs supervision of the social education program; and (5) Knowing factors that become obstacles in implementing social and financial education. The researchers used a qualitative approach. The data was collected conducting interviews and observations. The results of the leadership research of the PAUD head in developing financial social education in PAUD Citra Indonesia and PAUD Amalia in Banjarbaru were able to be done well and successfully.

This article examines the factors influencing the teaching of critical thinking development for students by primary school teachers in northern mountainous areas of Vietnam. The 21 survey questions were designed via google form and sent to 128 primary school teachers in the mountainous northern region of Viet Nam. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) method was used to analyze the study results. Research results show that there are six factors that influence primary school teachers teaching to develop critical thinking for students: 1) Teaching skills develop critical thinking; 2) Teacher attitude; 3) The teachers understanding of critical thinking; 4) The interest of the students parents; 5) Influence from colleagues and managers; 6) Critical thinking assessment activities. The total variance extracted by these 6 factors explains 68.477% of the 21 observed variables. The results of this research can help primary school teachers in the mountainous north of Vietnam better understand what is needed to develop students critical thinking and apply appropriate teaching methods to help students develop these skills.

This article aims to discuss Islamic religious education from a multicultural perspective in Indonesia. The research method uses a literature review with content analysis. The study results show that the diversity of the Indonesian nation in various ethnicities, religions, and races is a nations wealth asset. However, it can lead to conflict when pluralism needs to be appropriately maintained. Plurality has the potential for conflict with religious issues, which is the forerunner of societal divisions. The article contributes to providing knowledge related concepts and ideas about Islamic religious education with a multicultural insight perspective to realize the world of Islamic religious education that is Rahmatan Lil Alamin.

Beginning with the overflow of mass emotions which led to uncontrolled collective action causing as many as 135 people to die and more than 750 others to be injured in a sports match. This article analyses a problem that has shocked the people and government in Indonesia and has become one of the most important issues in world football from an institutional perspective. In the first two weeks after the incident, the police, the main football organization in the country, and the event organizers seemed to try to escape responsibility. However, the countrys swift move to immediately form a Joint Independent Fact Finding Team (TGIPF) on D+1 two weeks later concluded that the match management had committed many violations of the basic principles as guided by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). Through analysis of secondary data, namely news coverage in the mass media, social media, and qualitative analysis of video recordings from interested parties, this article reiterates that ignoring standard standards in the form of official football rules is a fundamental problem as the cause of a human tragedy.

Under a presidential system of government, executive powers are vested on the President at the federal level and the Governor at the state or sub-national level. Given the wide powers constitutionally conferred on the executive arm of government along with immunity from civil or criminal proceedings, the instrument of impeachment is incorporated into the Constitution to act as a check and balance against authoritarianism or misuse of official power. The foremost objective of this article is to comparatively scrutinise the modus operandi for impeachment of the President or Governor in Nigeria and the United States of America (USA); the USA impeachment mechanism would be limited to the federal impeachment process of the President and the Vice President. The article employed desk-based or doctrinal and comparative research methods by placing reliance on both primary and secondary sources of information. The sources of information were analysed and inferences obtained were presented descriptively. The article revealed inter alia, that though Nigeria and USA practice presidential system of government as well as operate a federal system, yet, there are some procedural parallels and dissimilarities in their respective impeachment procedures. A case in point is that in the USA, an impeached official cannot subsequently be granted pardon by the President whereas in Nigeria, there is no constitutional clause barring the President or the Governor from granting pardon to a convicted elected executive office holder. The authors therefore, recommended inter alia, that a constitutional amendment should be introduced to sections 175 and 212 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999 CFRN) with the goal of outlawing the President or Governor from granting pardon to an impeached official, as obtainable in the USA.

The environment is facing serious challenges like climate change and pollution. Education plays a crucial role in addressing these challenges by raising awareness, promoting sustainable practices, and developing skilled citizens for environmental conservation and sustainable development. This article explores how much three geography textbooks used in Moroccan high schools include environmental education topics. The focus of the research is on four main environmental education themes: ecosystems and cycles, pollution, use of resources, and environment preservation, as well as their subtopics. The research is based on the theoretical framework of the BIOHEAD-CITIZEN project, which aimed to understand how environmental education can encourage citizenship. The research used a mixed-method design that combined content analysis with a convergent parallel approach to examine how much environmental education content is present in Manar Algeographia 1, Alassassi fi Algeographia, and Manar Algeographia 3. The results showed that environmental education integration in these textbooks is effective in increasing students minimum knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and behavior toward environmental issues. In conclusion, this study suggests ways in which textbooks can be used to enhance students environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior.

In the 21st century, education in Vietnamese in general and FPT Education in particular have actively innovated teaching methods to improve teaching quality. Therefore, the project-based teaching method is one of the methods that FPT Education focuses on. This is an effective method to link knowledge content with real life, theory with practice, learning and social environment. During the implementation of the project, students have the opportunity to apply the knowledge they have learned in practical activities, performing “learning goes hand in hand with practice”. The characteristic of history subject is understanding the past, and orienting actions in the present and the future, so history is sometimes considered a boring subject and is rarely seriously invested by students. Therefore, the research and application of projects in teaching history at Can Tho FPT High School will help students to be aware of the relationship between the past and the present so that students can have a better learning method and enhance their interest in learning history.

The sources of second language acquisition vary and depend on a learners preferences and choices; however, undoubtedly, the most effective methods provide authentic language input. This current study explores the effectiveness of watching movies as a means of English language acquisition. It explores university students views on the impact of this method in improving English language skills. The participants in this study were 74 students (25 males and 49 females) from the Department of English Language and Translation at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Data for this research were collected from questionnaires and individual interviews with several selected students. The findings of this study showed that many students watch movies frequently and for various purposes, the most important of which is entertainment. The students also admitted that movies help them acquire a great deal of vocabulary and develop their listening and writing skills. Also, the participants believed that exposure to a target language by native speakers helps enhance language fluency and proficiency. The students learn not only linguistic aspects from films but also other aspects, such as culture, lifestyle, and ways of thinking, in addition to learning other languages such as Spanish. In light of these results, some recommendations are proposed, such as verifying the feasibility of integrating media into a foreign language classroom. While this study covers aspects of the relationship between watching movies and English language acquisition, knowledge gaps remain that need to be filled by further research, such as on incorporating media into the educational process and how movie subtitles can improve learners language skills.

Indonesian education is transforming to respond to future challenges in which a new education paradigm focuses learning activities on students and optimizes TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge) learning. Kurikulum Merdeka explains the needs of students in the 21st century that can be taught through Social Studies learning with a Geography perspective. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the implementation of the Problem Based - Flipped Classroom Learning (PBFCL) model accompanied by Edpuzzle-based digital literacy on spatial problem-solving abilities in the material of spatial relations between geographical conditions of the area and the characteristics and ways of community activities in social studies learning. This research is already implemented at Pangudi Luhur Ambarawa Junior High School in 2022/2023. The results of statistical analysis are known that (1) Learning with the PBFCL model accompanied by digital literacy using Edpuzzle has a better effect on the spatial problem-solving ability with an average score of 72.40 compared to PBFCL learning accompanied by digital literacy using Canva with an average score 68.93 both learning with Expository accompanied by digital literacy using Edpuzzle with an average score of 68.53 and learning with Expository accompanied by digital literacy using Canva with an average score of 65.23; (2) the factor of the PBFCL learning model has a significance of 0.001 0.05 so that it can be concluded that there is an influence of the PBFCL learning model on the spatial problem-solving ability; (3) the Edpuzzle-based digital literacy factor has a significance of 0.003 0.05 so that it means that there is an influence of digital Edpuzzle-based literacy on the spatial problem- solving.

English has become a global language and English speaking skill plays an important role in order for peoples communication to fit into the real world. Motivation is regarded as an influential factor in the success of any activity, including learning English speaking. This research aimed to analyze the factors influencing students motivation to learn English speaking. The study involved the participation of 42 English majored sophomores at a private university in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. The collected data from a questionnaire and an interview show that factors from students, classroom environment, factors from teachers, and students other relationships in learning English speaking motivated the students during their learning English- speaking process. The research findings could contribute some insights into motivating teaching and the improvement of English teaching and learning quality.

Khuruj fi sabilillah (Traveler in faith) by the followers of Tabligh Jamaat requires the husband not to physically and mentally support his wife for a particular time. Whereas conceptually, fulfilling physical and mental maintenance is one of the instruments to maintain household harmony. This research is qualitative and descriptive and uses a sociological approach. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the husbands departure to do khuruj fi sabilillah did not adversely affect their household harmony. The fulfillment of the physical livelihood of the family members left behind is resolved through the concept of deliberation and good planning, while the fulfillment of inner livelihood is also not a severe problem because the wives have let go of their husbands, who are believed to be preaching jihad for good. The spaciousness of the heart to let go of the husband is a vital asset for the wife so that the unfulfillment of inner sustenance is no longer a problem. This study shows that followers of the Tabligh Jamaat in North Gorontalo marriage age has lasted for a long time is a sociological reason in itself, so inner maintenance is no longer a priority in life.

Sexual violence is a serious social and public health problem affecting the health of women (DeGue et al., 2013). Forced marriage is a form of sexual violence according to law number 12 of 2022 concerning criminal acts of sexual violence in Indonesia hereinafter referred to as the TPKS Law. This study aims to find out and examine the settlement of the practice of Capture Marriage based on the theory of gender equality. This research is an empirical legal research with a legal sociology approach. The results of the research show that in the process of resolving the Capture Marriage case, the community always chooses to resolve it according to custom, although there are some who report to the police, it does not run to completion but stops in the middle of the process. The Capture Marriage case itself shows that there is no gender equality due to the dominating patriarchal culture and the settlement process in Central Sumba is not in accordance with the theory of protection and law enforcement because law enforcement officials tend to ignore the interests of victims and are more subservient to custom.

Law enforcement must be administered fairly to preserve justice and security in a nation. This is essential because it contributes to maintaining public order and safety. Fair law enforcement can maintain public order and security by ensuring that those who violate the law are punished proportionally for the severity of their offences. This study seeks to determine the increase in deterrence against corruption and the efforts to increase public trust in law enforcement. In addition to knowing efforts to enhance supervision and control of crime. In this investigation, a qualitative, statutory-and-literature-based methodology was employed. According to the studys findings, impartial law enforcement can contribute significantly to reducing the culture of corruption. In addition, through equitable law enforcement, corruptors will feel threatened, and the public will have a sense of justice. Fa ir law enforcement can also help develop public trust in law enforcement agencies and the government and increase accountability and transparency in monitoring and preventing corruption.

The combination of art, religion, and spirituality in Bali is closely related and inseparable from each other and is reflected in mandala paintings. Painting is one of the dynamically developing branches of fine arts in Bali, ranging from classical to postmodern or contemporary. One of the unique paintings with an individual style in the middle of a collective culture is the mandala-themed painting by I Dewa Nyoman Batuan. Hinduism and the community environment inspire him to express his contemplation in the form of paintings. This research focuses on three problem formulations, namely the form of mandala paintings, the factors that encourage their creation, and the meaning of mandalas. This research was conducted using a qualitative method. Data related to the above problems were collected using interviews, observation, literature study, and documentation techniques. Data analysis was sharpened with aesthetic theory, theory of structure and change, and semiotics. These four theories are used to analyze each problem formulation. The results show that the form of mandala paintings by I Dewa Nyoman Batuan is purely an expression of ideas, notions, and personal experiences created freely by combining traditional and modern styles. The combination of the two styles creates new creations that are very distinctive with an abstract-symbolic style. The form of mandala painting includes a combination of line, shape, space, color, and texture. The structure of the painting consists of composition, proportion, unity, balance, rhythm, focal point, and contrast based on the mandala perspective.

The crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic should be able become the momentum for the Indonesian people to make changes. Mainly by developing new habits that are in line with technological advances. The Covid-19 pandemic must be seen as an opportunity so that the Indonesian economy is more globally competitive with the demands of technological progress. The Covid-19 pandemic has made Indonesians master virtual learning as well as running an online business. Learning online and running a business also digitally. Social media has emerged as the dominant digital media platform in contemporary society. The rapid development of social media has driven changes in the way people interact. The use of social media has a huge influence on public relations, marketing. Therefore, the concept of mobilization is their strategy to reach consumers with an increasingly networked platform, (Pradhan & Kumar, 2015). With the use of social media as a new marketing tool that helps consumers to get information and interact with others on the Web. The concept of online mobilization mix, which is abbreviated as SHARE, is storytelling, hype, actionable, relevant, and emotional. In the new model of the business world, entrepreneurs are asked to ride the tide, not against it, as today, many startups can take advantage of successful unicons by intelligently mobilizing their business to netizens to promote their business Implementation of Mobilization and Orchestration strategies, by mobilizing the use of technology to match supply with the demand for various agricultural products more optimally from the farmers. In the hyperconnected era, extraordinary greatness is no longer required, but sufficient mobilization skills (Online Mobilization Mix, SHARE, which is sufficient to mobilize). Based on the results obtained, it can be explained that the R-Square effect value is 0.791, meaning that the orchestration variable can explain the Mix Mobilization Model of 79.1%, and the remaining 20.9% is influenced by other variables not included in this study

In this research, we model a project management system for FUTA Step-B and other management programme by using non-learning data structure which makes the data encryption easy, fully secure and time efficient. We devise a method that relies on Earned Value Management (EVM) to solve management questions for efficient forecasting that can be used to control the problem of under budget or over budget and predictive accuracy of each model was calculated. Evaluating this method on Science and Technology Education at the Post-Basic Level (STEP-B) project of the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA), we demonstrated its effectiveness with different interfaces which cover all sections and activities with functions to perform. The result obtained shows that the predictive accuracy is good with low error rate in under budget within the data present in our database. Also, with the result generated there is a need to keep control on the project schedule in order to control under budget or over budget rate. The system was implemented using C++ and visual studio 2008.

A countrys economic development is driven by the management of its human resources. And the continuity of human resources is backed by the choices of careers available in local industries. This study focuses on examining the career choice in the tourism industry among Pekan Community College students. The aim is to identify the factor influencing students’ career choices in the tourism industry by measuring the intention to work in the tourism industry. The research method used in this study is quantitative with simple random sampling for 200 targeted respondents from Pekan Community College students. The data obtained from the survey were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The result obtained showed that the study is expected to provide a clear explanation of the factors that cause the occurrence of manpower shortage in the tourism industry. Career knowledge and adaptability has influenced the students career choice. These two factors need to be provided to students to further strengthen their confidence in making career choices later.

Pondok Pesantren is one of the Islamic religious education institutions in Indonesia. The number of criticisms regarding the pattern of pondok pesantren leadership that cannot keep up with the times is the reason for this study being conducted. This study examines the leadership model of pondok pesantren in Banten Province. The approach used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method. The stages of data collection, processing, and analysis are then described narratively. The research was carried out in four pondok pesantren representing Banten Province regions. The study results show that the leadership model of pondok pesantren leaders in Banten Province is still charismatic-authoritative. This model is hereditary. The effectiveness of the leadership of Pondok Pesantren varies. Some are effective, and some are not.

The study entitled Application of Sanctions Against Crimes Against Sexual Abuse of Children Under Age aims first to find out and understand what factors cause children to commit sexual violence. Secondly to find out, understand and analyze the application of sanctions for children who commit sexual violence according to the Criminal Justice System for Children. The research method used in this thesis uses a normative research method which is a study conducted by examining all laws and regulations relating to the problems (legal issues) encountered. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded First: that the cause of children can commit acts of sexual violence is due to environmental factors around them because children are easily affected and technological factors that are rapidly developing technology can greatly affect children in committing sexual violence. Second: the application of sanctions for children must be prioritized diversion withjustice restorative that involves all parties ranging from perpetrators, victims, parents and law enforcement officials and when the diversion withjustice efforts restorative do not produce results and an agreement to eat criminal sanctions (Ultimatum Remidium) is the last resort.

The ability to work in teams is an imperative competency in today’s complex healthcare delivery system. Collaborative learning allows students to cultivate teamwork, communication, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Collaborative learning activity is an essential pedagogical approach to prepare students to meet the need of the healthcare workforce. This paper presents a research study in which a collaborative project was implemented in a redesigned healthcare administration course in an online graduate program. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of this revised course and uncover solutions to improve the implementation of the collaborative project and the usefulness of this course. Students’ perceptions of completing a collaborative project and other learning activities such as ePortfolio were explored. Even though some students enjoyed collaborating with their teammates, other students did not like the collaborative project. The barriers to a successful collaborative project discovered in this study were also revealed in prior empirical studies. Limitations of this research were also presented. The recommendation was proposed for better integration of collaborative projects into the curricula of a program.

Changes in time affect changes in the condition of the state and society. For example, there will be elections for both central and regional leaders in Indonesia soon. Because each political party names one of its cadres as the countrys top official, todays election of leaders is an incredible gambling arena. This research tries to examine the perfect leader from a Hadith-based perspective. The Al-Quran, Hadith, journals, and books about leadership were employed as the key data sources for this research using the inductive content analysis approach. The study results demonstrate that the definition of a leader in Islamic guidance should encompass the concept of a helper because a leader is in charge of protecting the people he leads and makes an effort to assist and save them when difficulties or disasters occur. A leader is also in charge of everything that occurs and exists in their territory and the affairs of the people it leads. A group selects a leader to guide the members toward achieving a common objective. The ideal leader is humility, the nature of being open to criticism, honesty, and trustworthiness, acting reasonably, commitment to the struggle being democratic, devoted, and serving Allah SWT.

Along with technological developments, buying and selling of goods according to Islamic law and buying and selling of goods with a levering and obligatoir system in the Civil Code often cause losses to the buyer or consumer. Therefore it is necessary to protect consumer rights. This article aims to find out first, the sale and purchase agreement of movable goods that are obligatory in nature with those that are levering in the Civil Code and Islamic Law. Second, to find out the role of consumer protection agencies in the sale and purchase of movable goods from the perspective of the Civil Code and Islamic Law. The results of the discussion show The Civil Code adheres to the system that the sale and purchase agreement is only " obligatory ", while Islamic law does not adhere to the principle of obligatoir . The results of the discussion show, First, in Islamic law when the seller of goods and the buyer reach an agreement, then there must be levering simultaneously. Unlike the Civil Code, goods may be handed over at any time, as long as the buyer and seller agree. Second, the Consumer Protection Agency can play an important role well if law enforcers have high integrity, laws that are made have legal certainty, and are in accordance with the legal culture of society.

One of the tour programs that have gained popularity for tourists in Bali is Denpasar City Tour. Denpasar is typically able to deliver persistence of heritage site in Gajah Mada and uniqueness of Badung and Kumbasari Market as places of interests, so it make this city as one of well-known places of interest, especially for its distinctive culture. Tourists’ visit throughout the year make possible creation of small scale business for the city residents. This potential is strengthened by the motto of the city “Sewaka Dharma” or Serving is Duty. Therefore, it is really required law enforcement in order to promote the philosophy of its motto that inspire the people passion in creating a competitive advantage of Denpasar city branding. The aforementioned regulation is Law Number 15 of 2001 that can regulate it.

The article deals with the use of the existential sentences in the text. Existential sentences occupy a special place in the typology of the sentence. Depending on the structure of the given language existential sentences differ. This article is the continuation of the authors article, named Some features of existential sentences in languages belonging to different language systems [18], thats why there is no need to give further explanation about the nature of existential sentences. Here we are going to find out factors which influence the use of existential sentences. Considering theoretical and practical aspects of the investigation the author uses the materials of Azerbaijani, English and Russian.

This paper examines the impacts of agricultural technology changes on farmers relationship with nature and their environment. Based on a field study in Bena Irrigation Area in South Amanuban Sub-District, Timor, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, this paper analyses how the introduction of new technologies in agriculture by the Government of Indonesia in these last 30 years has changed the farmers pattern of cultivation, their views about nature and environment, and the ways they link their agricultural activities with social life. This study found that many of the traditional steps in the cultivation cycle have disappeared or been replaced by new technologies, resulting in profound changes in their views and attitude to nature, the environment and social relationships. Impacts on agriculture productivity are still debatable. However, this study argues that some supporting policies are necessary to make the use of new agricultural technologies give the best benefit for the welfare of farmers and the preservation of nature.