The Hung Kings Temple and Hung Kings Temple Festival represent the national character of Vietnamese via its cultural significance. Hung Kings Temple has been a site to recall and respect the achievements of the Hung Kings and a symbol of the Vietnamese peoples remarkable unity for thousands of years. Belief in worshiping Hung Vuong has a very significant place in the spiritual life of the Vietnamese people, is a symbol of communal cohesiveness, and is the source of Vietnams love, care, and strength; the Vietnamese peoples patriotic heritage was also founded here.

Tourism development areas are not always able to improve the welfare of the local community by increasing the local economy, including the fulfillment of rights and protection of children. This paper aimed to investigate situations and forms of exploitation of children in Mandalika as tourism destinations in Lombok, as well as regulatory gaps, policies, and strategies to improve the fulfillment of childrens rights and protection. This research as a whole provides a policy design and development strategy tourism based on the fulfillment of childrens rights and protection.

As Mathematics is a subject of practice, printed instructional materials like workbooks will help learners exercise their skills in Math and at the same time monitor their learning progress. This action research was conducted to determine the experiences and effect of using a developed workbook in teaching word problems involving Linear Equations in One Unknown among a group of Grade 7 students in JBT Caing Sr. Memorial Integrated School, Tambilil, Kiamba, Sarangani Province. This investigation employed quantitative research design, through quasi-experimental and interview. Forty (40) students were divided into the control and experimental group, in which the control group was taught using the traditional method and the experimental group experienced learning with the use of a developed workbook. T-test results revealed that there is a significant difference between the mean gain scores of the experimental and the control group, showing that the use of the workbook is more effective and elicited higher scores than those under the traditional way of learning. Through a focus group discussion, the students who used the developed workbook found the material convenient to use, and helpful in solving word problems. With this, the developed workbook can be used as a supplementary teaching-learning material in a Mathematics learning space.

The paper presents school and instructional integration in secondary education with the methodology of observation for special educational needs [SENs] in autism. The hypothesis focuses on the literature teachers ability to understand the difficulties faced by a junior high school teenager with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as presented in the movie Ben X. For this purpose, the pedagogical tool [TISIPfSEN] is used, with a focus on the weekly timetable of lessons. The pedagogical approach is defined as a Targeted, Individually Structured, and Inclusive Intervention Program for Students with Special Educational Needs [SENs]. Based on the results, it seems that literacy teachers can understand the SENs of a student with ASD, such as Ben, through heterobservations with the Informal Pedagogical Assessment [IPA]. Furthermore, the philologist can set priorities for targeted instructional interventions, focusing on the time the student spends sitting in front of the computer while also looking forward to collaborating with his classmates.

Efforts to increase online media traffic can be realized by increasing reader engagement. The high frequency and intensity of readers and interactions in reading news online, such as commenting and sharing the article, indicate a high level of reader involvement. The article attempts to show the influence between the motives of using online media, news selection, and news attractiveness on the level of reader involvement. Through distributing questionnaires to 95 students, the study uses a survey method with an explanative quantitative approach. Data are analyzed using multivariate analysis techniques with correlation coefficient test and multiple linear regression. The results show a strong and positive correlation between the motive for media use, news selection, the level of media attractiveness, and the level of reader involvement of 0.659. The multiple linear regression test also proves a significant influence between the three independent variables on the level of reader involvement with an influential contribution of 43.4%.

Employees within the Bawaslu or general election supervisory body in the regions, including West Nusa Tenggara, must work professionally and responsibly. For this reason, a positive work attitude is needed and can build productive work behavior as expected by related parties. In addition to work attitudes, support from the internal work environment is also needed, whi ch is expected to accelerate the influence of work attitudes on forming productive work behavior. The associative method was chosen to examine the influence between the variables studied, involving all 79 Bawaslu employees on the island of Lombok. Multivariate regression analysis using organizational culture as a moderating variable. The results showed that Bawaslu employees could express only a portion of positive work attitudes. Each is a spirit of change and ethical insight that influences productive behavior. Meanwhile, after being strengthened by the work culture, employee expressions can only show a spirit of change and a spirit of confidence that has a strong influence. Thus, the challenge for related parties is encouraging Bawaslu employees to improve positive work attitudes to develop more meaningful, productive work behavior.

This study aims to examine the effect of financial performance on firm value, both direct effect and through managerial ownership as an intervening variable. Financial performance consists of three variables: Profitability as measured by return on equity (ROE), Leverage as measured by debt to equity ratio (DER), and Liquidity as measured by current ratio (CR) to firm value as measured by price to book value (PBV) with managerial ownership (MOWN) as a moderating variable. The population in this study are infrastructure companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a sample of 15 companies with a research period of 4 years, using a purposive sampling technique. To test the hypothesis, multiple regression analysis was used with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that profitability had a positive and significant effect on firm value, leverage had a negative and significant effect on firm value, while liquidity had no effect on firm value. Managerial ownership is able to moderate the relationship between liquidity and firm value, but cannot moderate the relationship between Debt Equity Ratio and profitability to firm value.

This research aims to identify and analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Indonesia through the risk management of SME performance in Indonesia. The study uses a mixed method analysis that combines qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative methods are used to demonstrate accurate data and phenomena of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on SME performance with descriptive statistics. This study uses qualitative methods with literature studies through articles, news from online media, and other documents that explain the impact of the COVID-19 virus on the performance of SMEs in Indonesia and explain the risk management of SME performance. The results of this study explain that the COVID-19 pandemic has a serious impact on business activities, especially SMEs. The impact is indicated by the number of SME losses in Indonesia since COVID- 19 appeared (March-May). The main causes of losses are decreased sales and restrictions on operating time. Many SMEs in Indonesia have not implemented good risk management. Management of risks that have been done during pandemics in the form of risk strategies through cultural trends, new normal lifestyles by implementing health protocols. In addition, risk strategies through online SME innovation continue to be encouraged by the Indonesian government.

Conflict and insecurity has become major social problems constraining the socio-economic and political progress of multi-ethnic society like Nigeria. Conflict prevention and peace building become a global challenge. Education has been described as an instrument for conflict prevention and peace building in the contemporary peace building efforts of the world. This paper draws attention to the possible ways of preventing conflict and peace building using Community Based Peace Education (CBPE) programme for Youths and Adults in Nigeria. The paper finally suggests that the promotion of good inter and intra groups’ relationship as well as a well-designed CBPE programme for youths and adults should be integrated into the educational system of the country for conflict prevention, peace building and national security in Nigeria. So also, more efforts should be intensified in promoting education for youths and adults and redesigning their curriculum, primers and other materials to promote non-violence culture of peace, tolerance and integrity, gender equity and active citizenship for peace and national unity in the country.

Online media is one of the most influential sources of information for todays society. This aim of this study is to reveal the image of the first lady of China and of South Korea based on the online news collected from the G20 Summit in Bali. The research data were the corpus from the online media texts collected from fragments of several online news which show the different images of the two first ladies (China and South Korea). The data were analyzed using three dimensions of Faircloughs model of critical discourse analysis. Based on the study of text analysis, discursive practice, and socio-culture practice, the study shows that there are different images depicted by the online news for those ladies. Peng Liyuan, the first lady of China, is portrayed as a diligent person, enthusiasm for participating in various social activities. This image is closely related to Chinas image in Indonesia as one of the most developed countries after the United States. In different perspective, many media highlighted the physical beauty possessed by the first lady of South Korea, Kim Keon Hee. This image is directly proportional to the popularity of Korean dramas, which are very popular in Indonesian society today. One of the attractions of these dramas is the beautiful f aces of the actresses.

Improving the quality of Early Childhood Education students training in the current situation of human resources both redundant and lacking is necessary. The article aims to study the required competency framework of Early Childhood Education teachers in Southeast Asia, including Knowledge of teaching content, pedagogical practice and assessment; Learning environment; Participation and cooperation; Professional development. The article proposes 6 solutions to improve the quality of Early Childhood Education students through 21 competencies of "Knowledge of teaching content, pedagogical practice and assessment" and 25 competencies of “Learning environment" to contribute to the implementation of the new general education program and to build high quality human resources to serve the country.

This study aims to determine the relationship between Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Indonesian Language Learning Outcomes in tertiary institutions. The research subjects were 240 students at the beginning of the semester. Information and communication technology indicators in this study include access, manage, integrate, evaluate, and create information. This type of research is correlational with the analysis technique used being product moment. The findings from this research indicate that there is a relationship between ICT and Indonesian learning outcomes. The utilization of ICT has a positive influence on student learning outcomes. Increased interest in using ICT can increase student learning interest.

Proletarian internationalism, the important theoretical system of Marxism-Leninism on the principles and mottos of action in carrying out the working classs worldwide historical mission - the factors that ensure the successful implementation of the historic mission of the working class. In the current context, the impact of the modern industrial revolution, the globalization process, the new liberalism and modern nationalism... has made human labor workers and the working classs interest relationship with the national interest closely linked in terms of productive forces. Still, there is also a deep division in production relations. This practice poses new requirements for continuing to build Proletarian Internationalism to meet the tasks of the new situation.

Many Guidance and counseling teachers who cannot carry out guidance and counseling in schools. This issue can be a reminder for universities that organize guidance and counseling programs. Guidance and counseling teaching and learning need to be improved. This study explores the use of transformative learning models in preparing guidance and counseling teacher candidates. This study uses a literature review method with an integrative review approach. The results of this study show that transformative learning can be used in teaching. Implementing transformative learning in teaching guidance and counseling has a goal, so prospective Guidance and counseling teachers can experience transformation. So that the individual becomes a lifelong learner, this learner can direct himself to continue learning, be critical, and think independently. So that prospective guidance and counseling teachers continue to learn to become competent guidance and counseling teachers.

Research with the title creditor position in consumer financing agreements as a result of fiduciary guarantees not being registered, will raise two problems as follows, first, what are the characteristics of consumer financing agreements with fiduciary guarantees, and second, how default is non-fulfillment of achievements or obligations set by certain parties in an engagement. The methodology used in analyzing the problems in this study uses a normative juridical method with two approaches, namely the statutory approach and the concept approach, to produce an in-depth analysis. Based on the discussion that has been carried out in the previous chapter, the following conclusions can be formulated: First, that the characteristics of consumer financing agreements with fiduciary guarantees. The agreement is made by default the contents of the agreement, and the agreement is the principal agreement. Furthermore, it is bound by a fiduciary guarantee agreement which is an assecoir agreement (additional agreement) to the main agreement. After an agreement is reached, then the fiduciary guarantee will be charged and the fiduciary guarantee will be registered in accordance with Government Regulation No. 21 of 2015. The position of the creditor does not register the fiduciary guarantee object as a concurrent creditor. Second, default is the non-fulfillment of achievements or obligations set by certain parties in an engagement. Default in the guarantee is said to cancel the guarantee agreement, and only the main agreement applies. The implementation of the execution of fiduciary guarantees can be done in 3 ways, in accordance with article 29 UUJF, the 3 ways are by means of executorial titles, parateexecutie and private sales. Legal protection for debtors in the forced withdrawal of fiduciary collateral objects that are not registered, namely there are preventive and repressive protections. And the settlement can be done peacefully (kindly), win-win solution or through consumer dispute resolution institutions such as BPSK.

This study aims to identify the advantages and challenges in the use of ICT in teaching children with special needs in East Java, as well as evaluate the success of ICT implementation and its relationship with the learning achievement of children with special needs. The research methods used are descriptive analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that the use of ICT as a teaching aid for children with special needs in East Java has various advantages, such as increasing childrens interest in learning, motivation, and participation, as well as helping teachers in providing more interactive and fun learning. However, the research also identified various challenges in ICT implementation, such as lack of access to adequate tools and infrastructure, as well as the need for training and technical support for teachers and school staff. The evaluation of ICT implementation showed positive results, with the majority of respondents stating that the use of ICT has improved the learning achievement of children with special needs. Regression analysis showed a positive relationship between ICT use and learning achievement of children with special needs.

One of the factors for improving the quality of education in schools is teaching materials. Based on the results of observations at SMAN 1 Sitiung that students have not used e-modules but use electronic teaching materials in the form of pdf files downloaded from the internet and only in the form of writing and a few pictures. Based on the results of the questionnaire, it is known that students have difficulty understanding the concept of the respiratory system material. This causes low student learning outcomes. Based on the results of the creative thinking questionnaire, it was found thatstudents creative thinking ability is still low with an average score of 33.8, so it is included in the less creative category.So it takes teaching materials that can help in visualizing the subject matter.This type of research is Plomp model development research which consists of three stages, namely the initi al investigation stage, the development or prototyping stage, and the assessment stage. The research subjects were class XI students at SMAN 1 Sitiung for the 2022-2023 academic year. Effectiveness test data were obtained from multiple choice question sheets for assessing cognitive competence, observation sheets for assessing affective competence and psychomotor competence, and essay question sheets for assessing students creative thinking skills. The effectiveness test results from the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects of students show that STEM-based e-modules are very effective and the value of creative thinking skills is obtained on average81.22% (very creative).

The 1945 Constitution is the highest law in Indonesia. From 1999 to 2002, the MPR underwent four stages of change which were carried out democratically, constitutionally and institutionally. Arrangements that have undergone changes include Article 18 concerning arrangements for the administration of regional government. The implementation of the provisions of Article 18 of the 1945 Republic of Indonesia Constitution is currently carried out by Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government as the basis for political reference for regional autonomy law in Indonesia. The problems in this study are how is the implementation of regional autonomy in Indonesia, what is the impact of regional autonomy on the development of Indonesias regions, and how are changes in the culture of society in the implementation of regional autonomy in Indonesia. The conclusion that can be drawn from these results is that the implementation of regional autonomy in Indonesia must have a sense of confidence from the central government, local government and the community, with decentralization which is expected to optimize community pre- cons, the impact of regional autonomy opens up opportunities to implement wide-open economic democracy, and so that it can advance the peoples economy, as a result of the reform euphoria that can lead to counter-productivity. This must become a productive and constructive culture and behavior to realize healthy and balanced regional autonomy.

Children are Gods creations that need to be protected by anyone because of their limitations. One of the protections provided is legal protection for children who get a form of violence. Violence that children receive will have a negative impact on the childs future. This paper aims to find out the need to provide legal protection for children as victims of violence and legal protection for children as victims of violence according to statutory regulations. To find out this, normative research was carried out by studying and researching laws and regulations related to child protection. The need for normative legal research in order to know the legal protection for children as victims of violence. The problems formulated in this research are, firstly, why children who are victims of violence need to be given legal protection, and secondly, how is legal protection for children who are victims of violence according to statutory regulations. Legal protection for children is given so that childrens rights are protected as stated in the laws and regulations governing child protection, namely not getting forms of violence as stated in Articles 76A to 76J Law Number 35 of 2014 and legal protection given for the justice of the child. Therefore, the state provides legal protection for all children which has been regulated to be implemented in Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims and Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning child protection and the Law - Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code, in order to prevent violence against children.

The existence of religion and its practices or beliefs do rely greatly on myths. This study attempts to analyse the subconscious of myth through the archetypal and mythical approach by studying the woman characters in the text “The Return” by K.S.Maniam. The women characters in the text represent the image of Hindu Goddesses such as Parvathi and Durga. For the purpose of this article, I have used mythical and archetypal approaches in classifying the characters. I have used Guerin’s (1999) classification of archetypal images of women such as the good mother, the terrible mother and the soul mate. This analysis reveals the representation of the mother as the good mother, the grandmother as the soulmate and the stepmother as the terrible mother. The mother and grandmother represent the image of Goddess Parvathi and the stepmother who is the terrible mother however does also carries the positive aspects of mother, therefore she represents both the Goddess Parvathi and Durga.

The possibilities and challenges of youth development nowadays are followed by serious drug misuse problems among the younger generation, which continue to endanger the existence of youth as the holder of the leadership baton in attaining the nations objectives. It has been demonstrated that drug misuse and illegal trafficking harm the nations future. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop alternative strategies and policy recommendations that are acceptable and successful in preventing the dangers of teenage drug misuse. Using the analytical technique of Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing, the outcomes were analyzed (SAST). The data utilized are both primary and secondary and pertain to teenage drug addiction. This research focuses on five districts and cities in West Java and DKI Jakarta. The findings indicate that the prevalence of substance misuse in Indonesia remains relatively high. Therefore, efforts have been made at both the central and regional levels to combat the hazards of drug usage. There are five aspects of prevention that must be considered. Coordinate and synergize the implementation of an action plan program that can describe the model and form of anti-drug cadre training beginning with planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating, as well as integrating with other programs at the central and regional levels, is required to address these issues. regions as well as a defined road map for post-training anti-drug cadres as sustainable P4GN agents of change.

The reality of the diversity of religious, ethnic, and cultural understandings can cause conflicts that are feared to result in divisions between ethnicities, tribes, and religious communities. Radical understanding, especially in Majalengka, cannot be taken for granted. This has been proven by the existence of Majalengka residents exposed to and participating in terrorist network movements. The role of Ulama in maintaining religious harmony in the Republic of Indonesia, which is plural and multicultural, is vital to socialize Islamic religious values that are tolerant and accommodative between religions and the state through the development of tolerant Islamic Education. This study aims to determine: 1) tolerant Islamic education developed in Majalengka; 2) The social setting of the people in Majalengka; 3) The role of the Ulama in developing tolerant Islamic education in Majalengka. This study uses a qualitative approach. It uses the phenomenological method that describes phenomena. The result shows that tolerant Islamic education developed by moderating implicit and explicit religious material in the Islamic education curriculum. The roles of Ulama in the development of tolerant Islamic Education in the multicultural society of Majalengka are: 1) improvement by strengthening creed; Improvement in the form of worship; education continuously improved; improvement in the family; improvement of customs; social improvement; economic improvement for peoples welfare; improvement of the ummah with ukhuwah Islamiyah by not clashing creed. 2) In forming tolerant students, it is by not providing teaching materials to an intolerant attitude that leads to violence; select and sort books and selectively; students are taught to blend in with their surroundings to avoid exclusivism involving the activities of students in their surroundings. 3) In the development of tolerant Islamic education, it is always guided by the Ahlussunah Waljamaah thinking, namely: tawassuth (moderate), and tasyawur (deliberation). 4) By explaining and implementing Islam that is rahmatan lilalamin, and maintaining ukhuwah Islamiyah, ukhuwah wathoniyah and ukhuwah insaniyah.

Purporse: This study examined the urban policing paradox in Uganda with specific regard to how rapid urbanisation poses challenges for policing and urban peace enforcement in Kampala city. This study was to explore the crimes accompanying rapid urbanisation in Kampala city; examine the role of the Uganda Police Force in urban policing and peace enforcement in Kampala city; analyse the challenges of urban policing and peace enforcement in Kampala city and finally explore the current responses by the Uganda Police Force in enhancing urban peace enforcement in Kampala city. The study employed two theories:the social contract and broken windows. Methodology: Different materials and sources were used during data collection, which included documentary reviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Findings: The study found out that Kampala city remains a vulnerable place to urban insecurity primarily due to an ever-increasing population, coupled with the challenges that hinder effective policing in the city. Tthe study revealed that the Uganda Police Force has made various milestones like the CCTV Cameras, forensics capabilities, 999 communication system, interagency cooeperation and community engagement in promoting peace and security in Kampala city. These are done through collaboration with other stakeholders such as development partners, security agencies, government ministries and agencies, local leaders and the community. The specialized directorates and units within the Uganda Police Force were operationalized to strengthen urban security in the wake of different security threats like terrorism. While the members of the Uganda Police Force perform their duties, they encounter challenges that affect their constitutional duties performance. Nonetheless, the police has greatly worked towards strengthening peace and security in Kampala. This has been through improvement on the anti-crime infrastructure such as the use of CCTV cameras, finger printing of guns, counter terrorism, revival of the 999 system, among other interventions geared towards strengthening urban policing and peace enforcement in Kampala City.

This study aims to describe the process of learning history using independent learning strategies through the media learning management system in the Merdeka Curriculum. This research was conducted qualitatively by taking the background of research at SMA 1 Ceper and SMA N 1 Cawas. Research data obtained from observations of media implementation, student interviews, documentation, and audiovisual materials are then described descriptively. The research results show that first, students can perform independent learning through MERRDEKA learning activities with synchronous and asynchronous modes. So, learning history using self-learning strategies is appropriate when combined with LMS technology. Broadly speaking, this technology helps students to carry out independent activities such as finding information, processing, and disseminating in digital form. Students with independent behavior can be seen from the ability of students to formulate learning strategies, carry out management, and evaluate their achievements. However, the role of teachers is still needed, especially in providing views to students for problems they cannot solve independently. Both LMS have a role in learning strategies to help implement learning programs with the availability of various learning resources that have been systematically compiled.

This study aims to analyse effect of transformational leadership, delegation of tasks and work motivation on organizational performance both directly and indirectly by mediating organizational culture in the naval headquarters detachment unit. A leader or head of a part of the organization will be recognized as a leader if he can direct his subordinates towards achieving organizational goals. This study uses a quantitative approach, which is a method that uses a sampling system from a population and uses a structured questionnaire as a data collection tool. The process of distributing the questionnaires was carried out online with the help of social media considering the ongoing covid-19 situation. The results of the study show that transformational leadership, delegation of tasks and work motivation have a positive and significant effect on organizational performance by mediating organizational culture, this research provides guidelines for the naval headquarters detachment unit in an effort to improve organizational performance through the importance of rebuilding organizational culture.

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in toddlers due to long-term malnutrition, exposure to repeated infections, and lack of stimulation. Stunting is influenced by the health status of adolescents, pregnant women, toddlers diet, as well as economic, cultural, and environmental factors such as sanitation and access to health services. Abang District is the subdistrict with the highest number of stunted children under five in Bali Province in 2022 with 17,523 children under five. The aims of this study were 1) to analyze the partial effect of family income, education and age of mothers first marriage on the chances of a child born with stunting in Abang District. 2) To analyze whether the mothers education reduces the influence of the mothers first marriage age on the chances of a child born with stunting in Abang District. The sample in this study were 99 toddlers and the sample was taken using a non-probability sampling method, namely purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used was Logistic Regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) using the STATA tool. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that 1) Family income, education and age of mothers first marriage have a significant negative effect on the chances of a child born with stunting in Abang District. 2) Mothers education reduces the effect of mothers first marriage age on the chance of a child born with stunting in Abang District.

This paper examined the place of the womb as a representative of ecological cohesion. Using the selected text, the paper explored the didactic role of literature, essentially from the purview of imparting on the youth and the adolescent; and based on this background, the paper made use of a literary text, Save the African Womb, which is one of the Government recommended texts for students at the junior secondary level of education in Nigeria. The adolescent and youth stage in human development, no doubt, is critical in the social, moral, cultural, intellectual, and psychological education and formation. Again, the paper advanced from the understanding that literature as a special area of writing thrives in the indirect expression of ideas and messages. As much as a literary writer sets to communicate his or her literary messages, such are often allegorically embedded, demanding the creative ability of the reader to decode and sieve the messages from the twined knot in the writer’s language choices. To be able to do this in our paper, we adopted the eclectic approach in the selection of theoretical framework, considering the fact that the paper involves a cross disciplinary adventure. The paper thus adopted principally, the semiotic theory, and then the eco-feminist theory as relevant theories. Part of the findings of the paper is that the writer represented the importance of the womb using different manners of signification, both the literal and the semiotic. The conclusion of the paper is that the womb is central to the woman’s position as unique biological specie. The womb is also critical in the discussion of the overall human nature, and the need for mutual co- existence in the ecology of human existence. Therefore, the text can be read from the viewpoint of fostering a solution to the social tensions which often arise in the society.

The primary purpose of the study was to measure the use of writing strategies of participants. The secondary purpose aims at finding out strategies mostly used by high level of proficiency students compared those of level of proficiency at different stages of writing, namely before, during and after the writing assignment. The study was conducted among 137 English majored students. The findings reveal that before writing high proficiency students used strategies more often than the other two groups, namely medium and low levels of proficiency. The mean of before writing strategies uses were M=3.48; M=2.30; M=1.98 respectively. The mean of during writing strategies uses were M=3.36; M=3.03; M=2.57 respectively. The mean of after writing strategies uses were M=3.55; M=1.99; M=2.06 respectively. Among the group of Before Writing Strategy (BWS), Students with high proficiency level often discuss what they were going to write with other students or with teacher before they write (M=3.86). The figure for low level of proficiency students was M=1.50. The high level students also do extra study outside the classroom to improve his/her writing (M=3.86), while the low level students was M= 1.32. The high level students reported that they think of the relationships between what they already know and new things that they learn (M=3.71). The use of this strategy for low level students were only M=1.68. Among the group of During Writing Strategy (DWS), students with low proficiency use native language first and then translate it into English most often (M= 3.86). The high proficiency students did not use this strategy while writing (M=1.57). The low proficiency students also reported that they used dictionary a lot when they write (M=3.25), the figure for high proficiency students was only M=1.29). Another strategy that was employed by most low level students was “I use a grammar book to check things I am not sure about when I write” (M=3.97) while the high level students used this strategy at low frequency (M= 1.29). Among the group of After Writing Strategy (AWS), students with high proficiency reported that they often go back to his/her writing to edit the grammar, vocabulary, spelling, and punctuation. (M=3.81) compared with M=2.80 of low proficiency students. High proficiency students also often record the types of errors he/she has made so he/she does not keep making the same (M=3.80), while the figure for low proficiency students were M= 1.20.

This study investigated the types and frequency of lexical errors made by university students of Business English in their writing and spoken production. The participants were 50 undergraduate students from a business school at the University of Ibn Zohr, Morocco. A comprehensive language assessment was conducted to measure their vocabulary size, productive vocabulary knowledge, and language proficiency. Their written essays and spoken interviews were analyzed using James Taxonomy of Lexical Errors (1998). The results showed that the most frequent types of lexical errors made by the participants were word Distortions (46%), followed by Misformation (33%), and finally Confusion of Sense Relation (18%). The study also found a significant correlation between vocabulary size and productive vocabulary knowledge with the number and types of lexical errors made by the participants. The findings have implications for language teaching and learning, suggesting that more attention should be given to vocabulary instruction and practice to reduce lexical errors in Business English communication.

In education, learning models are a topic that should be investigated because it is both relevant and intriguing. This research aims to conduct a literature review on learning models that have been created and implemented in various educational settings. A literature review is a process that is used, comprised of collecting related articles from the available database. According to the findings of this research project, numerous learning models have been established over time. Some examples of these models include social interaction models, information processing models, personal models, behavior modification models, problem-based models, and component display theory models. The findings of this research point to the conclusion that these learning models are adaptable and may be utilized in various educational settings. This adaptability is contingent on the learning goals as well as the characteristics of the learners. The contribution of this research is to offer guidance to educators and researchers about selecting the appropriate learning model which should be implemented in various learning environments.

This study interrogated Government and Social Service Delivery; A Study of Enugu state Ministry of Health Response to WHO rules on COVID 19 Pandemic,2020-2021: It examined how efficient was the Ministry of health in its response to WHO rules on COVID 19 Pandemic in Enugu. This study anchored on structural functionalism by Gabriel Almond and it presented the hypothesis: Enugu State Ministry of Health was more efficient in its response to WHO rules on COVID-19 pandemic between 2020-2021. Documentary and Survey methods of data collection were adopted together with content analysis of data from questionnaires. This study discovered that despite the challenges confronting the implementation of the District Health System in Enugu State Ministry of Health, that the Enugu State government manifested all the indicators of efficient healthcare delivery to its citizens via constructions of new structures, free gifts of nose masks, sanitizers and transformation of the state-owned health facilities especially during the 2020-2021 COVID-19 pandemic. This Study therefore recommends that Since the government has constructed, re-habilitate and renovated many hospitals, Cottage, and isolation centers for COVID-19 patients within the state, he should also deem it necessary to adopt maintenance culture, employ qualified/trained health personnel, equip all these healthcare Centers and hospitals with modern medical instruments and subsidize the price of drugs/ bills.

The quantitative research was conducted among seventy two (72) English teachers from six universities and academies in Hanoi to find out the most frequently used motivational teaching strategies that these teachers employ during their teaching practices. Forty five (45) teachers came from private-funded universities, namely Thang Long University, Dai Nam University and Nguyen Trai University. Twenty seven (27) teachers were from state-funded universities; Hanoi National Economic University, Banking Academy and Financial Academy. The questionnaire for was adapted from Dörnyei (2001: 137-144) which consists of 20 items to measure the frequency uses of motivational strategies. The findings showed that the most frequently used strategies were “I use a short and interesting opening activity to start each class” (M=4.1). “I give clear instructions by showing examples” (M= 4.04). “I encourage students to use English language outside the classroom” (M=3.86). “I establish good relationship with students” (M=3.86). Meanwhile, the least used strategies included “I give students choices in deciding how and when they will be graded” (M=1.93). “I let students suggest class rules” (M=2.26). The study also examines the discrepancies in the uses of motivational strategies among teachers of English state-funded and private funded universities. The group statistics showed that teachers in private funded universities employ strategies more often than those from state funded universities M= 3.64; M=3.05 respectively.

To the interior of narcissistic families, children are assigned roles to control them, according to the interests of the narcissist or narcissists subjects. In these cases, it is common for the children and spouse to suffer abuse and/or violence in some of its variants, within family interactions, both by the narcissist and by other members of the family, while other children are given preferential treatment. All this generates pathological conditions in which children grow and develop. This puts obstacles in the proper development of the children of such a family, it all accentuated in their life as a couple where it is very likely to repeat family patterns. In this work, subjects from three generational cohorts of a family are studied, where the initial couple, made up of two narcissistic subjects, is called Zero Couple. At the same time, the characteristics of the children of the Zero Couple are studied, to them we refer to as the Alpha generation, which in turn are the parents of what we will call the Beta generation. From the analysis carried out, a high incidence of narcissistic characteristics is found in the Alpha subjects, due to the upbringing by the Zero couple; with variants in the personality characteristics between the cohorts. The relevance of the study lies in the impact of narcissistic subjects on the family relationships they generate and their influence on the environment. A situation that today has become a public mental health problem, which give rise to social scourges such as: the daily life of aggressive or violent relationships in the population, abuse as a cultural phenomenon and the normalization of narcissistic traits and behaviors of the narcissistic spectrum in daily life.

This paper investigates the evolution of the financial services sector in Mauritius and its impact on economic finance. The study provides a detailed analysis of the development of the financial services sector in Mauritius, which has emerged as a key player in the African region. The paper examines the key factors that have contributed to the growth of the sector, including government policies, regulatory reforms, and investments in infrastructure and technology. Furthermore, the paper assesses the impact of the growth of the financial services sector on the wider economy, including its contribution to GDP growth, employment, and income generation. The study also identifies some of the challenges facing the financial services sector in Mauritius, such as the need for greater financial inclusion, enhanced risk management, and increased transparency. Overall, the paper argues that the evolution of the financial services sector in Mauritius has had a significant positive impact on economic finance and has played a critical role in the countrys economic development.

Purpose: To examine the effects of low pay on staff performance in the Uganda Police Force with a view to making recommendations. Methodology: The study adopted documentary review as a method of data collection technique in which data is gathered from reports from different sources, journals, magazines, newspapers, institutional archives, reports, and articles that have data linked to the research being undertaken (Creswell, 2014). A documentary review checklist was employed to solicit data related to an examination of the effects of low pay in Uganda Police Force archives. This method was preferred by the researcher over other methods because was able to gain permission to access information from different departments at Police headquarters archives. In addition, using document analysis takes out the personal aspect of the effect a researcher might have on an individual during an interview. Findings: It has been found that low pay is caused by inadequate budget funding the minimum ideal budget the Uganda Police Force requires for policing is Shs 936 billion in 2021/22 to Shs 840.189 billion, Lack of prioritizing of the police budget is estimated to be implemented in the period of five years, Poor Remuneration and Conditions of Service e.g. Social pressures which compel an individual into corrupt practice in order to pay school fees, greed and the thirst for wealth. However, the effects of low pay cause Low morale in personnel work, unstable marriages amongst police officers, bribery to achieve particular positions (posts), drunkardness, Corruption of personnel, and involvement of Police personnel in hiring guns for robbery.

This research examines the emotional paradigm in Kunzang Chode’s Folktales of Bhutan to bring about self- realization of the impacts of positive and negative emotions. The poetic and imaginative essence of folktales reflects the need for a plural consciousness as it is only through a plural consciousness that their perspectives, belief systems and experiential grids can be comprehended. Folktales and folklore have been transmitted orally for generations to date. These folktales and folklore are important media to transmit and communicate social, cultural, ethical, and spiritual values across the globe. In Bhutan, these tales have been a source of entertainment. Although the tradition of the narration is slowly diminishing in modern times, the trend is still alive, particularly in the rural regions of the country. Bhutanese folktales revolve mostly around Buddhist philosophy on values and virtues of righteousness. Choden’s Folktales of Bhutan portrays the various forms of emotion that every individual experience in their day to day lives. The research adopts the psychoanalysis theories to explore all these aspects of emotions through a mixed-mode method.

Foreign influences on the English and Azerbaijani languages have given many linguistic units to the lexical composition of these languages. With the richness and development of both languages, different areas of the lexical layer have also been enriched. If we take the wealth of Turkic languages separately, then it is possible to observe the influence of the Russian language in those languages. Many words of Russian origin have entered the lexical layer of Turkic languages. J. Khalilova writes about this: "The languages of the Turkic peoples had a strong influence on the cultural, household and military lexicon of the Russian language and enriched it." [Khalilova 1991, p.4]. It is observed that most of the words that were transferred to Turkic languages from Russian are still used in Turkish languages, even though they are no longer used in that language.

This study aims to identify instances of discrimination and stigma towards PLWHA in the online Carlos serial. The next goal is to evaluate the educational topics present in the Carlos web series. This study should serve as a reference for anyone interested in conducting communication studies research, especially in the areas of text and movies analysis. It is also anticipated that this research will provide a basic overview of the discrimination and stigma that HIV-positive people encounter. Along with serving as a source of inspiration for policymakers and the general public, it can also serve as an inspiration for Indonesian cinema, particularly for short moviess and web series.The research methodology adopted is a constructivist, descriptive qualitative method. The dialogue and set design of Carlo were examined as part of the analysis of the online series. The findings demonstrated that stigma and prejudice toward PLWHA continue to be widespread, including the notion that some groups are more predisposed to contracting HIV and AIDS than others. In this case, the stigma that HIV and AIDS are the result of negative behavior, the presumption that HIV and AIDS are the same as a death sentence, the excessive fear of HIV transmission among health workers, the cynicism and lack of empathy among health workers toward PLWHA patients, and finally the stigma that PLWHA cannot get married or have children are all factors. However, the filmmaker is also charged with encouraging the stigma. The histories of the characters played by more PLHIV who also identify as homosexuals reveal this. The audience will undoubtedly come to believe that HIV and homosexuality are synonymous if this is constantly demonstrated.

This study aims to identify instances of discrimination and stigma towards PLWHA in the online Carlos serial. The next goal is to evaluate the educational topics present in the Carlos web series. This study should serve as a reference for anyone interested in conducting communication studies research, especially in the areas of text and movies analysis. It is also anticipated that this research will provide a basic overview of the discrimination and stigma that HIV-positive people encounter. Along with serving as a source of inspiration for policymakers and the general public, it can also serve as an inspiration for Indonesian cinema, particularly for short moviess and web series.The research methodology adopted is a constructivist, descriptive qualitative method. The dialogue and set design of Carlo were examined as part of the analysis of the online series. The findings demonstrated that stigma and prejudice toward PLWHA continue to be widespread, including the notion that some groups are more predisposed to contracting HIV and AIDS than others. In this case, the stigma that HIV and AIDS are the result of negative behavior, the presumption that HIV and AIDS are the same as a death sentence, the excessive fear of HIV transmission among health workers, the cynicism and lack of empathy among health workers toward PLWHA patients, and finally the stigma that PLWHA cannot get married or have children are all factors. However, the filmmaker is also charged with encouraging the stigma. The histories of the characters played by more PLHIV who also identify as homosexuals reveal this. The audience will undoubtedly come to believe that HIV and homosexuality are synonymous if this is constantly demonstrated.

Purpose: To examine the planting of trees at home globally, find the truth and add to the existing knowledge. The study employed two theories i.e. cultural theory to elucidate household perceptions of tree planting and found an appositive correlation between perceptions of tree planting (Hajjar and Kozar 2015), and Utility maximization theory to investigate household perceptions of tree planting (Vosser et al 2012) Methodology: The study used a documentary review of the available written data from books, journals, and articles from newspapers and an observational method of data, collection the researcher used the empirical evidence of observing the trees planted at his home, workplace, and surroundings to make the research practical and add on the available knowledge. Findings: After the study looking at the influences of planting trees in the home wide world and its impacts. The findings indicate that planting trees in homes is influenced by many people to beautify the compound, plants are planted for shade, food, and medication and hold soils from getting washed away, especially in the sloppy areas (An example is hilly places in Bushenyi district kyabugimbi sub-county kajunju village where there are various hills after leveling the compound you need to plant trees and grass to hold soils from being washed away by rainwater which was observed by the researcher physically). Conclusion: The study concluded that planting trees in homes indirectly reduces heat in these homes because of the winds that gain entry into the small openings of the houses we live in. And it was observed that trees give off oxygen that we need to breathe. Negatively planting trees around homes, roots affect the houses more especially because they cause cracks, trees hide mosquitoes which cause malaria and others bring snakes which are dangerous to human life. Recommendation: It was recommended that planting trees around our homes should be done by everyone to protect the environment and save more lives because of its various benefits, as shown above.

This study aims to describe the principals transformational leadership behavior, organizational culture, work motivation, and teacher performance; and analyze the direct and indirect relationship between the principals transformational leadership, organizational culture, and work motivation with the performance of public high school teachers in Banjarbaru City. This study used descriptive-quantitative research method. The sample size of this study was 153 teachers. Data collection instruments in the form of questionnaires that have met the requirements of validity and reality tests. Data analysis to test the relationship in this study used path analysis. Based on the results of this study, it was found that there is a direct relationship between: (1) principal transformational leadership and teacher performance, (2) principal transformational leadership and work motivation, (3) organizational culture and teacher performance, (4) organizational culture and work motivation, (5) work motivation and teacher performance; and the indirect relationship between (6) principal transformational leadership and teacher performance through work motivation, (7) organizational culture and teacher performance through work motivation.

This research approach is quantitative. The population of this study was all elementary school teachers in Sampanahan District, Kotabaru Regency with 116 teachers, and the sample size was determined by Issac & Michaels table of 89 people. Dat a collection techniques using questionnaires are disseminated online to samples through a Google form link. Analysis of research results using descriptive statistics, simple regression, and multiple regression using SPSS Version 20. The results showed that there is an influence between (1) school culture on teacher performance, (2) principal instructional leadership on teacher performance, (3) work motivation on teacher performance, (4) school culture on work motivation, (5) principal instructional leadership on work motivation, (6) school culture on teacher performance through work motivation, (7) principal instructional leadership on teacher performance through work motivation. Based on the findings of this study, several things can be suggested such as: (1) Teachers as educators should be more active and creative to improve teacher performance, (2) Principals should encourage positive efforts to increa se teacher motivation at work, (3) educational institutions should provide opportunities for teachers to develop themselves (4) This research should be used as a reference and reference to conduct related research.

This study aims to describe the model of continuous professional development of special education teachers, strategies for implementing the model of continuous professional development programs and the implications of professional development of special education teachers on the quality of learning. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach with a multi-case study design and data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The samples in this study used purposive sampling and then continued snowball sampling. The collected data will be examined and data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification will be carried out. Checking the validity of data is carried out using observational diligence and triangulation. Once checked, the collected data is analyzed with single-case analysis and cross-site analysis. The results obtained from this study show the professional development of special education teachers in SLBN 1 Amuntai and SLBN Kandangan through 3 main programs, namely certification programs, supervision programs and PKB. While the professional development strategy model implemented consists of planning, implementing and evaluating the strategiescarried out at SLBN 1 Amuntai, namely increasing literacy activities, seminars/workshops/training, cultivating religious behaviour, comparative studies, and generating work motivation. Meanwhile, at SLBN Kandangan through study assignments/study permits, seminars/workshops/training, religious enthusiasm, comparative studies, consulting services, and generating work motivation through rewarding. The implications of the professional development of special education teachers are very influential on the quality of learning quality. Based on the findings, it is recommended that principals and teachers pay more attention to the importance of developing professionalism, and further researchers are expected to conduct research and More in-depth, critical and objective studies in analyzing problems related to teacher professionalism.

This study aims to analyze the direct relationship and indirect relationship between the influence of transformational leadership, and emotional intelligence through job satisfaction on the performance of teachers of SDN Selat District, Kapuas Regency. This research is correlational research using a quantitative approach. The study population was 244 elementary school teachers in public schools. The sample technique used Proportional random sampling was 152 people. Data analysis of this study used descriptive statistics with path analysis. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of transformational leadership (27 items), emotional intelligence (24 items), job satisfaction (20 items) and teacher performance (14 items) . Test the validity and reliability of the data using Alpha Cronbach. The research data was analyzed using path analysis to see direct and indirect relationships between variables, by first conducting normality tests, linearity tests, multicollinearity tests and correlation tests. The results showed that there was an influence between (1) transformational leadership on teacher performance, (2) emotional intelligence on teacher performance, (3) job satisfaction on teacher performance, (4) leadership transformational on job satisfaction, (5) emotional intelligence on job satisfaction, (6) the influence of transformational leadership on teacher performance through job satisfaction, (7) the influence of intelligence emotional to teacher performance through job satisfaction.

This study aims to describe the strategic management applied by inclusive schools in achieving their goals. Observed in depth in 3 research focuses; (1) Strategic management formulation, (2) Strategic Management Implementation, (3) Strategic Management Evaluation at Elementary School Gadang 2 and Elementary School Benua Anyar 8 Banjarmasin. The research was carried out with a descriptive qualitative approach. The data sources are headmasters, inclusion managers, special assistant teachers, class teachers and supervisors who are determined using purposive sampling techniques combined with snowball sampling techniques during research. Data collection is obtained by interview research methods and observations which are also included in documentation. Then the data is analyzed in individual site analysis and cross-site analysis. The results of this study show that strategic management in inclusive elementary schools has been carried out, although the utilization of the results of the SWOT analysis has not been carried out optimally, both schools have a good opportunity to improve schools. The strategic management implemented by Elementary School Gadang 2 and Elementary School Benua Anyar 8 Banjarmasin includes (1) formulation of strategic management, there is the formulation of vision and mision, analysis of the internal & external environment to the formulation of goals and objectives and determination of programs; (2) The implementation of strategic management can be seen from the teaching and learning process, with the use of curriculum 13, resource empowerment, fulfilment of infrastructure, to building social networks, cooperation and communication to realize program implementation; (3) Strategic management evaluation, including evaluation of programs that have been implemented and evaluation of teacher performance carried out by the headmaster through supervision with various techniques

This study aims to find out the description of the madrasah head leadership, teacher work discipline, teacher work motivation and teacher performance, as well as analyze the direct and indirect influence of the madrasah head transformational leadership, teacher work discipline, teacher work motivation and teacher performance at Madrasah Aliyah in the City of Banjarmasin. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive methods. The study population consisted of 149 PNS teachers and 109 PNS teachers as samples using the Simple Proportionate Random Sampling technique. Data collection instruments using questionnaires and documentation. The questionnaire consists of the transformational leadership of madrasah heads (34), teacher work discipline (15), teacher work motivation (35) who have met the validity and reliability test requirements. While the teacher performance variable is obtained through documentation, namely the results of the standard teacher performance assessment instrument. Data analysis to test the hypothesis using path analysis (path analysis). The results of the study show (1) the description of the transformational leadership of madrasah head is in the very high classification, the work discipline of the teachers is in the very high classification, the work motivation of the teachers is in the very high classification, the performance of the teachers is mostly in the good classification, (2) there is a direct effect: the transformational leadership of the madrasa head on teacher performance; teacher work discipline on teacher performance; teachers work motivation on teacher performance; the transformational leadership of the madrasa head towards teacher work discipline; madrasah head transformational leadership on teacher work motivation; and (3) there is an indirect effect: the transformational leadership of the madrasa head on teacher performance through teacher work discipline; madrasa head transformational leadership on teacher performance through teacher work motivation. Teacher performance must be further improved by increasing work motivation and work discipline as one of the efforts.

This study aims to see the management of character education curriculum at SMA PGRI 6 Banjarmasin. The phenomena that occur are juvenile delinquency, student brawls, drug abuse, promiscuity and others. This study uses a qualitative description approach related to (1) planning, (2) organizing, (3) implementing, and (4) assessing the character education curriculum. Data sources: principal, school committee chairman, vice principal, homeroom teacher, teachers, and students. Data collection techniques: interviews, observation, and documentation. Interactive data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. Data validity tests are carried out by triangulation of sources and methods. Research findings: 1. Planning (a) analysis of the needs of opportunities and challenges faced by schools, (b) formulating and answering philosophical questions: thorough and meaningful learning, objectively and eliminating subjective traits, (c) determining: character education design in grades X, XI, and XII, (d) making master plans: short-term, medium-term, and long-term plan programs. 2. Organizing: (a) rational: responsible for the principal, supervisor, school committee, coordinator of vice principals, executive teachers and homeroom teachers, (b) organizing to integrate character education into the content of each subject matter, (c) organization of materials: character learning in grades X, XI, and XII, (d) organization of teaching and learning activities: daily and scheduled, (e) resources, tools, and infrastructure: exist according to the field, (f) determination of measurement of learning outcomes: effective and personality grades A and B. 3. Implementation: (a) preparation of lesson implementation plans, (b) elaboration of material by teachers, (c) determination of strategies and methods: lectures, questions and answers, assignments, activities / actions, examples of examples, (d) provision of resources, tools, and facilities: library books, laboratories, ceremonial fields, honesty canteens, classrooms, (e) determination of ways and tools for assessing learning processes and outcomes: teacher assessment, (f) learning environment settings: inside and outside the school. 4. Assessment: (a) implementation by teachers according to minimum standard criteria, (b) problems: specifically not having instructions.

This study aimed to determine whether organizational commitment can mediate the relationship between organizational culture and job burnout. The data were gathered using a questionnaire that included questions about burnout, organizational commitment, and organizational culture. The employees of private schools in Cagayan de Oro City (CDO) were the studys target population with at least five (5) years of professional experience. Findings revealed that Organizational Culture alone cannot predict Job Burnout. No matter what kind of culture exists in the respondents workplace, it has no effect on their burnout. This demonstrates that respondents are resilient enough to combat the influence of even a bad organizational culture. Organizational Commitment (M) reduces the effect of Organizational Culture (X) on Job Burnout (Y). As Organizational Culture increases, Job Burnout decreases. Only when organizational commitment is included in the equation does culture have an effect on job burnout.

This study looked at the impact of podcast technology on the development of English listening skills. It used a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative methods). A quasi-experimental technique with a post-course test was adopted. Two teachers were interviewed in a semi-structured format. The sample for the study was 52 fifth-grade students at a private school in Amman, Jordan. They were divided into two classes (26 students for the experimental class and 26 for the control class). The experimental class was taught listening via teacher and podcast, while the control class was taught listening via teacher alone. To collect data, a multiple-choice test, survey, and interview were carried out. To analyze data, SPSS was used to analyze quantitative data, and Braun and Clarks thematic approach was used to analyze qualitative data. The findings of the study were that (i) the effect of employing podcast technology on improving listening skills is obvious and (ii) the superiority of the experimental class over the control class is large. (iii) the possibility of using podcast technology in the development of listening skills, increasing the students bank of vocabulary, and improving their pronunciation.

This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect influence of organizational climate, work ethic, and work commitment on the work performance of junior high school teachers in Kotabaru Regency. This research is research with a quantitative approach. The study population was all junior high school teachers in Kotabaru Regency as many as 763 people with a sample of 262 people determined using Proportional Random Sampling. Data collected through questionnaires were then analyzed statistically, descriptively and inferentially. The results of this study show that the organizational climate, work commitment and work performance are in high classification, while the work ethic of teachers is very high There is a direct influence of organizational climate on work performance by 0.105, work ethic on work performance by 0.175, work commitment to work performance by 0.656, organizational climate on work commitment by 0.255, and work ethic on work commitment by 0.714. In addition, there is also an indirect influence of organizational climate on work performance through work commitment of 0.161 and work ethic on work performance through work commitment of 0.426

This study aims to determine (1) the relationship between work commitment and morale of elementary school teachers in Pulau Laut Timur District, Kotabaru Regency, (2) the relationship between achievement motivation and morale of elementary school teachers in Pulau Laut Timur District, Kotabaru Regency, (3) the relationship between work commitment and achievement motivation together with the morale of elementary school teachers in Pulau Laut Timur District, Kotabaru Regency. The study population was elementary school teachers in Pulau Laut Timur sub-district totalling 178 teachers, using proportional random sampling techniques. The method used is the descriptive method. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed by correlation analysis with a significant level of 0.05. The results of this study are presented (1) there is a relationship between work commitment and the morale of elementary school teachers in Pulau Laut Timur District, Kotabaru Regency, (2) there is a relationship between achievement motivation and the morale of elementary school teachers in Pulau Laut Timur District, Kotabaru Regency, (3) there is a relationship between work commitment and achievement motivation together with the work spirit of elementary school teachers in Pulau Laut Timur District, Kotabaru Regency.

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of the principal managerial competence, principal leadership style and teachers’ work motivation on teacher performance. This research is quantitative research with a path analysis approach. The study population was 440 with 200 studyampelous. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of managerial competence (11 items), principal leadership style (30 items), teacher work motivation (44 items), teacher performance (40 items) that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis of this study used jalur analysis (Path Analysis). The results found that there was an influence of managerial competence on teacher work motivation (0.097), principal leadership style on work motivation(0.075), principal managerial competence on teacher performance (0.341),Principal leadership style towards performance (0.345), teacher work motivation towards performance (0.320), principal managerial competence towards teacher performance through teacher work motivation (0.420), principal leadership towards teacher performance through teacher work motivation (0.387).

The purpose of this study is to analyze the direct and indirect relationship between Self-Efficacy, Organizational Climate, Work Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of SMPN teachers in North Banjarmasin District. The research design used in this study is descriptive correlational using a path analysis model to analyze the pattern of relationships between variables. The study population was 273 teachers from 10 junior high schools in North Banjarmasin District, Banjarmasin City, and 163 respondents were taken as research samples using the Probability Simple Random Sampling technique. Data collection using questionnaire instruments and data analysis using descriptive analysis, classical assumption testing, hypothesis testing and path analysis. The results of the analysis of the regression coefficient of the variables Self Efficacy and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) amounted to 0.276, the variables of Organizational Climate and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) amounted to 0.332, the variables of work commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) amounted to 0.311, the variables of Self Efficacy and Work Commitment amounted to 0.442, the variables of Organizational Climate and teacher work commitment amounted to 0.544, variables of Self Efficacy and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) through work commitment of 0.137 and variables of Organizational Climate and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) through a commitment of 0.169. The conclusion of this study is that the variables of Self-Efficacy, Organizational Climate, Work Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of SMPN teachers in North Banjarmasin District are all included in the high category. There is a partial direct relationship between Self Efficacy, Organizational Climate, Work Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of SMPN teachers in North Banjarmasin District. There is an indirect relationship between Self Efficacy, Organizational Climate and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) through work commitment at SMPN North Banjarmasin District, Banajrmasin City. Suggestions for an increase in self-efficacy variables still need to be improved in organizational climate variables, work commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB).

The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect relationship between the Headmasters Instructional Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Work Commitment and Performance of Elementary School teachers in South Banjarmasin District, Banjarmasin City. The method used in this research is cross sectional using a path analysis model to analyze the pattern of relationships between variables. The study population consisted of 309 teachers from 59 elementary schools in South Banjarmasin District, Banjarmasin City, and 174 respondents were taken as the research sample using the Probability Simple Random Sampling technique. Data collection used a questionnaire instrument and data analysis used descriptive analysis, classic assumption test, hypothesis testing and path analysis. The results of the analysis of the regression coefficient value of the headmasters instructional leadership behavior variable and performance, job satisfaction variables and performance, work commitment variables and performance, variable headmaster instructional leadership and commitment, variable job satisfaction and work commitment, variable headmaster instructional leadership and performance through work commitment and variable job satisfaction with performance through commitment. This study concludes that the variables of Headmaster Instructional Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Work Commitment and Performance of Elementary School teachers in South Banjarmasin District, Banjarmasin City are all included in the high category. There is a partial direct relationship between the headmasters instructional leadership, job satisfaction, work commitment and teacher performance. There is an indirect relationship between the headmasters instructional leadership and job satisfaction and performance through work commitment at Elementary School South Banjarmasin District, Banjarmasin City. The headmasters suggestion is to continue to maintain this instructional leadership because in practice it can improve teacher performance. Things that need to be improved are relationships with teachers such as providing opportunities to attend various trainings that are in line with their profession. Teachers must put more effort into improving performance by having more strategies and methods for assessing learning outcomes not only for the development of the realm of knowledge but also for the realm of student behavior and morals.

The decisive events which made the introduction of English laws possible in Cameroon were the arrival of European traders, the activities of European missionaries and the introduction of the English legal system by the British Government. The arrival of these Europeans introduced certain new practices and institutions which the traditional laws of the country, particularly customary law could not cope with. Besides, the Europeans themselves were not prepared to be bound by tribal laws since the type of society to which the law and custom was appropriate was totally different from the type of society in which they (Europeans) had been brought up. After the 1st World War, Cameroon ceased to be a German Protectorate following her defeat and was thus administered by Great Britain and France under the League of Nations Mandate and subsequently under the United Nations Trusteeship Agreement. By Article 9 of the Mandate Agreement, the laws of the administering authorities were to be transplanted into Cameroon. Article 9 thus provided the basis and officially marked the beginning of the duality of Western legal systems which the people of Cameroon have since experienced and to which they remain subject to till this day. The Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1890 was also very important and served as the enabling statute that led to the introduction and observance of English law in Southern Cameroons. The English common law, the doctrines of equity and the statutes of general application which were in force in England on the 1st day of January 1900 were then transplanted in Anglophone Cameroon viz s. 11 of the Southern Cameroons High Court Law, 1955. However, neither the statutes in England on the 1st day of January 1900, nor common law and the doctrines of equity apply in Cameroon without limitations. They are subject to local limits and circumstances. In this 21st Century, the laws of a colonial power particularly the statutes of general application should not apply again to an independent nation like Cameroon and thus should be repealed and replaced with local legislation. The Executive and Legislature should thus ensure compliance while the Government is called upon to hasten and complete the harmonization process of the common law and the civil law in a bid to give the country a unified/uniform legal system.

Globalization is an inevitable and objective trend in all countries worldwide, including Vietnam. It creates a strong development of production forces, science and technology, and the knowledge economy. In addition, it makes changes in culture, such as traditional national moral values. Moral values are gradually being lost. Pragmatic lifestyle, chasing money, and corruption are taking place with greater frequency; in fact, some students have a pragmatic lifestyle and go against national moral standards. In response to this reality, it is essential to educate students on traditional national moral values to build and shape their personalities in the period of globalization.

State officials with all the tools they have can at any time take arbitrary actions, which can harm the community. Therefore, the State Administrative Court was established to control all decisions and/or actions of state officials. State officials should act in the public interest, not in private. Decisions and/or actions of state officials will have a major impact on society, therefore it is necessary to evaluate by analyzing the decisions of state officials, with the aim of knowing the relevance of a decision and/or action of state officials. Sampang Regent Decree Number: 188.45/272/Kep/434.013/2021 is very controversial because it delays the implementation of the Village Head election until 2025, this decision is not only a defect of authority but also procedural and substance defects. As well as fulfilling the elements of void and invalid decision. Therefore, the people of Sampang can apply for revocation or annulment to the State Administrative Court (PTUN). This paper will review and analyze the Sampang Regent Decree Number: 188.45/272/Kep/434.013/2021 Regarding the Implementation of Simultaneous Village Head Elections in Sampang Regency. This paper uses a normative approach by analyzing laws and regulations such as the Law on Government Administration, the Law on the Formation of Laws and Regulations, Government Regulations, and regulations issued by the Minister of Home Affairs, juxtaposed with legal theory as an analytical tool.

Pencak silat is a traditional martial art in Indonesia, in general the attacks that are often carried out in each category of pencak silat matches are kicks, while punches are usually only carried out occasionally in pencak silat matches. Along with the development of the era, the sport of pencak silat is not only used for self-defense but also used as an achievement. In achieving an important achievement, it is important to identify weaknesses and provide feedback in the form of match analysis to obtain various information and use it to design and develop future training programs. This type of research uses a qualitative descriptive research type. The sampling technique in this study used stratified random sampling, namely between one group and another group it appears that there are strata or levels which are Riau pencak silat athletes in the fighter category who participated in POMNAS XVII 2022 Padang with a total of 12 athletes. The data collected in the implementation of this research was through observing video matches, by recording all tactics of attack, defense, and blocks obtained from the research subject, namely the Riau pencak silat team in the fighter category so that athletes tactics can be known when competing. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, it was found that the results of the Riau pencak silat match in the match category carried out attack and defense tactics based on rounds one, two and three in the match which tended to increase, in carrying out these tactics the highest average score was owned by the fighter in the third round. This research has limitations, namely only focusing on one pencak silah team in Riau province, the results of this study are expected to be used as input for sports practitioners, especially martial arts, to develop special tactics and strategies in the fighter category. Future research is expected to cover more than one team and add research variables.

The phenomenological experiences of five single mother students at a university in Negros Occidental, Philippines, are the basis for this qualitative study. They were chosen based on the inclusion requirements (a) that they are ordinary college students enrolled in a university, (b) they were at least 18 years old when they gave birth, and (c) that no nanny was caring for the child (d) has at least one child. In gathering information, semi-structured interviews were done. The obstacles these young single mothers face while they pursue their higher education are examined in this study. Lichtmans thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results revealed four themes: the need for extra time to balance studying and parenting, uncertainty, failure to meet academic obligations, and the benefits of being a mother and a student. Therefore, it can be concluded that single student mothers with dual roles experienced many difficulties, including depression. The school should establish a support group for students juggling both roles to lessen feelings of loneliness and other anxiety.

This study assessed the Continuing Education Needs of Custodial Adult Inmates for Sustainable Community Development in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study was 762 respondents in the 5 Nigerian Correctional Custodial Centres of Zamfara State. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample 351 Custodial Adult Inmates comprising all the 266 male and 85 female convicted inmates of the Gusau Central Custodial Centre for the study. The instrument used for data collection was self-structured questionnaire tagged “Questionnaire on the Continuing Education Needs of Custodial Adult Inmates (QACENCAI)”. The instrument was subjected to face validation by three experts. The reliability coefficient for the instrument was 0.85. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean, while the null hypotheses were tested using t-test at the probability of 0.05 level of significance. The study showed that there were only two Continuing Education (CE) programmes for Adult inmates in Gusau Central Custodial Centre and at the time of the study, there were convicts trainees in the CE programmes of the Gusau Central Custodial Centre. Based on these findings, the study recommended among others that the Nigerian Correctional Service (NCS) should introduce more CE programmes and extend them to other Satellite’s Custodial Centres of the state for sustainable community development in the study area and country at large.

Resolving Sharia disputes is an essential aspect of the lives of those who follow Islamic teachings. The National Sharia Arbitration Board (BASYARNAS) is one institution that plays a significant role in Sharia dispute resolution. This article discusses the BASYARNAS institutions contribution to resolving Sharia disputes in Indonesia. Establishing BASYARNAS aims to provide a quick, accurate, and equitable alternative dispute resolution system based on Islamic law. Sharia Supervisory Board, Sharia Arbitration Court, and Secretariat constitute the BASYARNAS organizational structure. Disputes involving Sharia are resolved through BASYARNAS through deliberation and consensus; if these methods fail, the argument is resolved through arbitration. Through case studies, it was determined that BASYARNAS has successfully resolved some Sharia disputes. However, to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of Sharia dispute resolution through BASYARNAS, some obstacles remain to be overcome. The BASYARNAS institutions role in resolving Sharia disputes in Indonesia should be better understood after reading this article, which is anticipated to contribute to the academic community and broader community positively.

Community tourism is a relatively new sample of tourism in researching the development of Viet Nam tourism. However, the same sample has been implemented in many localities in the country and has brought many economic benefits that have positive impact on the Vietnamese poverty reduction policy for many years. Theological and practical investigation in model of community tourism is the meaningful work, especially in the condition of applying this in developing the poor economis zones in the Central Coast. Through practical research the models, which have been implemented effectively throughout the country and in some localities in the region, we consider the level of similarities and the ability of making the project come into the reality as well as point out some challenges when deploying this and some advisable solutions.

School heads are agents of change who contribute a major impression on the educational setting through their competencies and leadership practices. The study examined the influence of competencies and leadership practices of school heads on school performance and used a descriptive-correlational design with stratified random sampling in surveying 140 respondents. T-test, Pearson R, and regression analysis were used for the statistical treatment of data. Findings revealed that the female category got the highest percentage in the profile. The level of competencies had an average description of Very highly competent, leadership practices had an average description of Very highly practiced, and school heads performance had an average description of Very good performance. Results also revealed that there was a significant difference in the competencies and leadership practices of the school heads when they are grouped according to their profile. There is also a significant relationship between the competencies and leadership practices and their performance. Competencies and leadership practices significantly influence the school heads performance. Moreover study found out that leadership practices in terms of establishing effective functional teams influenced the school heads performance. Competencies and leadership practices also significantly influence the school heads performance. Thus study proved that Competence Theory guided school heads especially in handling teachers and tasks for attaining excellent performance and also proved the Principles of Management which are basic activities like planning, organizing, and controlling operations related to materials and methods applied by the school heads in performing tasks. The recommendations are: School Administrators may use the results of the demographic profile as a basis for their planning in improving the performance of the institution. Teachers/Non-teaching personnel may continue to follow to collaborate with the school heads to improve the performance of the school heads for greater service to the stakeholders of the school.

Banks as financial institutions certainly have a very important role in a country, especially to advance the economy in that country. So, the good running of the banking industry in one country is a very crucial thing to be regulated by the state. With the presence of technology, the threat of cybercrime is now a serious concern, especially in the banking world, especially with regard to the confidentiality of customer data. This study uses a normative juridical method. Based on the existing regulations, it can be concluded that it is crucial for banks to continue to improve security, especially with regard to customer data and the Bank must be responsible for losses that occur if the data leak is caused by the banks negligence in building a security system.

This paper was an attempt to find out the effectiveness of mind-mapping technique on 4 th graders vocabulary retention at Doi Can Primary School. A total of 40 students participated in this study.Two instruments which were questionnaires and the pre-test and post- test scores were used before and after applying the mind-mapping in teaching vocabulary. The findings of the data analysis showed that mind-mapping can help the students to improve their abilities in memorizing English vocabulary and the students had positive attitudes toward the mind-mapping technique.

The study identifies customer service factors influencing patronage and determines the relationship between ambient condition and passengers’ repeat patronage intentions using Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) as a form of public transport. Descriptive survey research design was used for the study. Data were gathered through the use of structured questionnaire personally administered on the passengers of BRT in four different zones of Lagos state with the presence of BRT bus stops. Simple random and convenient sampling techniques were used to select both the bus stops and respondents of the study. Two BRT bus stops from each of the four zones were selected using simple random sampling technique. From each of the eight bus stops thirty (30) respondents were conveniently selected; bringing the total sample to 240. The data collected were analyzed using frequency tables, Logit and regression models. Results showed that customer service factors viz; accessibility, travel time, waiting time, transport fare, comfort, reliability and customer care were the major customer service factors that significantly influenced passenger repeat patronage. Also, findings revealed that humidity, lighting, aroma, neatness and ventilation had significant positive relationship with repeat patronage. The study concluded that increased customer service and ambient condition led to increased customer repeat patronage in the public transport sector Lagos State, Nigeria.

Attorney as apparatus enforcer given law _ authority by Constitution For eradicate follow criminal corruption emit policy in circular form by prosecutor Young Great Action Criminal Special with Number : B- 1113 F Fd.1 05 2010 about Priority And Achievement in Handling Case follow Criminal Corruption Which instruct For make an effort return loss country use approach restorative justice For follow criminal corruption with loss country scale small . Problems Which lifted in study This is How What is the urgency and role of the prosecutors office in applying restorative justice to the settlement of corruption cases in Indonesia. Study uses method normative juridical with analysis qualitative. The restorative justice approach used by the Attorney General is by prioritize settlement case scale big fish Andmake an effort return loss country.

This study aims to determine the use of local history of Pengging Site as a source of digital literacy-based historical learning with a constructivist approach. In this study using qualitative descriptive research method. Data sources are obtained through literature review. This research uses a constructivist approach. Local history can be used as a source of historical learning. One of the local histories in Boyolali Regency is the Pengging Site. According to the independent curriculum, the achievements of learning history in phase E of the Pengging Site can be utilized in learning history on material from the Period of the Hindu-Buddhist Kingdoms and the Islamic Empires in Indonesia. The use of local history as a digital-based history learning resource can improve students critical thinking skills. Students are expected to be able to explore the meaning and value of every historical event that occurs around the residence. With a constructivist approach, it can provide autonomy and freedom to students in solving problems critically, namely by analyzing, synthesizing and evaluating historical sources with the help of digital tools.

The government of Kenyan with an aim of enhancing the system of education standardreplaced the 8.4.4 with 2.6.3.3.3. This crucial change was deemed necessary globally since it ensures development of current job market knowledge-based skills. The study’s purpose was to carry out an investigation on teachers’ competence and its influence on effective implementation of Competency Based Curriculum (CBC). The objectives of the study are: Establishing the teachers’ competence based on; values, attitudes, knowledge and skills; to find out the extent of CBC implementation; establishing the constraints hindering CBC effective implementation and to find out the attitudes of teachers towards CBC. Curriculum Implementation Theory by Gross, (1971) was used. Descriptive survey design was applied, and it targeted 79 public primary schools, 941 TSC teachers, 79 deputy head teachers and 79 head teachers in Machakos County. Target population was 20% and it entailed a sample size of 16 schools, 16 head teachers, 16 deputy head teachers and 188 public primary school teachers selected through stratified random sampling. An interview schedule, questionnaire and an observation checklist acted as the data collection tools. Piloting of the instruments of research took place in three selected public primary schools mainly to ensure objectives coverage and clarity of content. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied in field data collection. Quantitative analysis of data in descriptive statistics used percentages and frequency counts. Qualitative data analysis used a thematic approach which focused on research objective through description guided by the given responses. Representation of the report for analysis used frequency tables, pie charts and bar graphs. The study findings indicated that the yearly teachers’ in-service training was adequate. Various constraints hindered effective implementation and they included lack of enough learning and teaching materials and high teacher-pupil ratio .Several recommendations were made to MOE, KICD and TSC which include: In-service training to aid in creation of positive attitude towards the curriculum for its effective implementation should be organized by MOE; the ministry should also aim at ensuring adequacy of teaching and learning resources in schools; the increased enrolment in public school require government provision in building the classrooms and more teachers need to be employed by TSC to cater for increased teacher-pupil ratio. This will aid in effective implementation Competency Based Curriculum in Kenya.

Analyzing the comparison of brand and company characteristics of airlines services is important in the aviation industry. The purpose of this analysis is to determine if there is a significant difference in the quality of service among different airlines. The ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) method can be used to compare more than two groups of data and determine if the differences between the groups are significant or not. In this analysis, the measured variables can be the quality of service provided by airlines such as comfort, safety, speed, accuracy, and others. Data can be obtained from various sources such as surveys, personal experiences, and reviews from various media. Analyzing the comparison of brand and company characteristics of airlines services using the ANOVA method can provide valuable insights for airlines in improving the quality of service provided to customers. The analysis results can be used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each airline, which can be used to improve the quality of service and create a better experience for customers. The ANOVA method can provide useful information in comparing the quality of service among airlines. However, it is important to note that the analysis results are not always 100% accurate and need to be interpreted carefully. Analyzing the comparison of brand and company characteristics of airlines services using the ANOVA method can provide significant benefits for airlines in improving the quality of service and maintaining customer satisfaction. The conclusion of this analysis is that brand and company characteristics have a significant influence in providing services in airlines. Therefore, companies must pay attention to both brand and company characteristics in providing services to customers to improve the customer experience and increase customer satisfaction.

One form of business activity that is prohibited in business competition law is monopolistic practices, which is a form of market control. One of the cases of monopolistic practices is related to lobster seed export services involving the freight forwarder company PT ACK. This research aims to study the role of the government in preventing monopolistic practices as well as the responsibility of freight forwarder companies that commit such monopolistic practices. This research uses a normative juridical research method. The results of this study show that the role of the government, namely KPPU, has not been maximised in preventing the monopoly of lobster seed exports. KPPU has conducted a study with several parties related to lobster seed exports and found no regulations that designate only one company that can export. However, the fact is that in the field, only PT ACK can export. The company that committed monopolistic practices has been found guilty of violating Article 17 of Law Number 5 of 1999 in KPPU Decision Number 04/KPPU-I/2021 and bears the responsibility of terminating its business activities and seizing assets for the state.

This study discusses the importance of seeking knowledge in Islam by conducting a literature review. The background of this research is the obligation in Islam to seek knowledge as part of worship. This study aims to explore an understanding of this obligation and the method of seeking knowledge in Islam. The method is to review the literature on the obligation to seek knowledge in Islam. The results of this study show that the search for knowledge in Islam is limited to not only religious science but also science and technology. The search for knowledge can also be done through various methods, such as formal study in educational institutions, discussions, readings, and observations. The contribution of this study is to provide a deeper understanding of the obligation to seek knowledge in Islam and the importance of developing oneself through lifelong learning.

Globalization has spurred discussion about developing economic growth with a wider spectrum, giving rise to economic variables that are more precise and sharper in measuring economic development in a region. This dynamic is also behind this study, namely to examine the relationship between foreign investment (FDI), effective exchange rates, and inflation to the number of workers in Indonesia. This research data was sourced from the Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM), the Ministry of Trade, and the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. The timeline used in this study spanned thirty years (1991–2021). The novelty in the research is that the analysis was carried out using Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), as well as an econometric approach Cointegration Johansen. The capacity absorption hypothesis was also used as the basic model in this research. The adjusted R-square value of this study is 0.8254 so it can be concluded that 82.54% of the number of workers changes can be explained by all independent variables. The results show that in the last three decades of Indonesia, Indonesia has relied heavily on foreign investment in increasing the number of workers. Conversely, inflationary conditions do not have an impact on the number of workers in Indonesia. Thus, the Indonesian government needs to pay attention to the effects of trade policies and programs because foreign investment (FDI) is able to intensify job creation for workers in Indonesia.

India is termed as a traditional country with wide diversity in religion, ethnicity, culture and customs. The role of women in India is mostly limited to household and domestic works. women in India’s workplace remain significantly under- represented. India has a female work participation rate of 20 percent which is less then have of global average of 47 percent. The major objective of the study is to identify the factors responsible and creating problems for working women in India and how it has an effect on female work participation rate. The present study is conceptual in nature and is based on secondary data collected from various sources. The data collected is analysed with the aid of simple growth rate to understand the comparison in the female work participation rate over time. As per the study results it was understood that the FWPR has increased at a growth rate of 12.50 percent. Although it has been very much tough for the women in India, to survive after facing many hurdles, exploitation and discrimination still they are being persistent in their efforts and constantly trying to make their existence noticeable in the male dominated Indian society.

Criminal law looks at a crime in more detail. Regarding the abuse case committed by Mario Dandy, the criminal law sees that the factors that caused the crime of persecution that caused serious injury to someone were due to internal factors such as psychological factors, age factors, emotional factors, environmental factors and others. Why is it called an emotional factor because the perpetrators are still emotionally unstable because they are still teenagers, so the perpetrators get emotional easily because the victim does not give money, and also because of environmental factors, where the environment is quiet so the perpetrators easily carry out the action.

Non-Fungible Token (NFT) is a new thing in Indonesia, as something new it is full of problems regarding the legality of NFT in Indonesia. Furthermore, when it comes to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), is NFT an IPR and does it receive legal protection? This problem will be discussed in this study, using normative juridical research methods. Based on the research results, it is known that NFT is a digital asset that can be authenticated in order to create digital ownership certificates where these certificates can be traded. This NFT can be protected as intellectual property rights because in fact NFTs are works of art that are encrypted into the blockchain network. Because NFTs are works of art, works of music, videos, game items, etc. that are encrypted into the blockchain network, NFTs are often associated with copyrights.

This research will specifically discuss the position and essence of morality in the legal system in Indonesia. The research method used is normative juridical with a conceptual approach. The results of the study concluded that Essence Moral is determinant Good bad behavior man from corner ethical or ethics, moral based on decency and decency. Moral principles occupy a basic role in enforcement law. According to, Ronald dworkin law interpreted using a morality approach consistent, especially fairness. Which thing to do especially in solve cases Which difficult And complicated. By therefore, moral become part Which No inseparable from knowledge law. If Law is seen as a rule loaded mark And contained moral in inside so truth Which want to embodied more on truth substantive. For support law enforcement that is no longer confined to dogmatics law or method think legalistic formalistic so Already its time developed idea law progressive in process enforcement law as part development from system law modern.

According to estimates, listening accounts for 40–50% of the time spent communicating, followed by speaking (25– 30%), reading (11–16%), and writing (approximately 9%) (Mendelssohn, 1994). This study aims to highlight the issues that third- year students at Dong Nai Technology University have with listening comprehension while also highlighting the contributing causes. The studys findings are based on information gathered through survey questionnaires that were completed by 100 students at Dong Nai University of Technology. In order to improve the studys validity and reliability, class observation was also used. The findings indicated that learners encountered a variety of listening issues, which were categorized into four groups: factors related to the speakers and listeners; factors related to students linguistic challenges in learning listening; factors related to students listening challenges related to the listening text. Some suggestions were made based on the researchs findings to assist them in overcoming the challenges associated with learning listening skills.

This study aimed to describe student preferences toward the application of integrating assessment with learning activities. There were 125 non-English study program students of Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika taken as subject of this study. A survey research design was applied in this study since it studied student preferences in integrated assessment with learning activities. The integrated assessment with learning activities, namely listening integrated with speaking, listening integrated with writing, listening integrated with speaking and writing, and reading integrated with writing and speaking. Questionnaires was instrument of the study. The questionnaires used in this study consisted of four choices. The respondents are asked to choose one of the choices, namely like very much, like, less like, or dislike. Then all of the responses were analyzed using percentage to find out which items get the most preference and the least preference from the respondents. In fact, reading integrated with writi ng and speaking is the most assessment model preferred by the students among the four-integrating assessment with learning activities. There were 58.4% students like very much the assessment model. In other words, this model of integrated assessment with learning activities should be viewed as a holistic method that is adapted to the General English Courses objectives at Non-English Study Program.

This study aims to: Assess the need for instruments for Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) questions based on geographic literacy in the social studies subject on Indonesias maritime and agricultural potential; Material on Indonesias maritime and agricultural potential is studied in class VIII at the junior high school education unit. The needs analysis study conducted in this study took place at the Insan Cendekia Boarding School Sukoharjo Middle School (ICBS Middle School). This research was designed as a development research model that refers to the Borg and Gall model which has been modified according to the needs and limitations of the research. The literacy concepts used as a reference for researchers are Edelsons three geographic lit eracy concepts, namely interaction, interconnection, and implications. Taking the Edelson concept adapts to the cognition level of junior high school students which is simpler and in accordance with the learning objectives. The research subjects were class VIII students of SMP Insan Cendekia Al Mujtaba Sukoharjo for the academic year 2022/2023. The research sample was determined using startified random sampling. The data collection process used in the study used item analysis, questionnaires, and interviews. The results showed: 1) Based on a needs analysis with an analysis of 50 Final Semester Assessment (PAS) items in 2019 and 50 Mid Semester Assessment (PTS) items in 2020, 94% of the 2019 PAS items and 84% of the PTS items in 2019 2020 is still a matter of Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS). 2) As many as 88% of teacher respondents who are members of the 2022 2023 Social Studies Subject Teacher Consultation (MGMP) agree that the development of HOTS question instruments is very important and needed as a reference in preparing assessment instruments. 3) Important and necessary training in the preparation of HOTS-based question instruments needed by teachers at SMP ICBS. The conclusions of this study indicate that 1) The development of instruments at the HOTS level is important and needs to be developed in order to stimulate the learning process and students critical thinking skills; 2) It is important to develop geographic literacy based HOTS questions in the process and evaluation of learning to improve critical thinking skills in spatial concepts on Indonesian maritime and agricultural potential in class VIII students of SMP ICBS. 3) The form of the researchers recommendation as a form of self-development and improvement of the professional abilities of ICBS Middle School teachers needs and is important to hold HOTS question preparation training.

Policies surrounding individuals with disabilities that do not function from a deficit lens have been a relatively modern evolution. The once-dominant medical model that was applied as a one size fits all intervention regarded disability as a pathology warranting treatment. With the advent of new and more inclusive policies and legislature, disability studies have become a multifaceted discipline garnering the advocacy and resources it needs to engender change for the population. Outdated treatment models, infrastructure, and resources designed to serve the community are being reassessed through the more contemporary and inclusive lens of societal accommodation. The language surrounding individuals with disabilities has changed to a person first orientation, as there is power in language, and one is no longer relegated to their entire identity being their ability status. Although the stated supports progress and is cause to believe an inclusive society is on the horizon, the marginalization and exclusion of individuals with disabilities within most societal frameworks prevail; the hard work has only just begun. This literature will highlight the disparities and stigma surrounding individuals living with mental health disabilities while highlighting the policies, services, and resources surrounding the population that remain ineffective.

The purpose of the study is to identify whether there is any different point of local and international chain hotel management in Bali in terms of environmental awareness, responsibility, involvement, accounting reporting, as well as audit. There are 45 questionnaires’ item to obtain primary data while documentation method was also applied in order to get the secondary one. The study revealed that in Bali there is no difference of environmental awareness between the local and international one. However, differences are found in the points of environmental responsibility, involvement in protecting it, its accounting reporting as well as its audit. It is further suggested that their similarities and differences for hotel chain management both local and international ones can be applicable for business of hospitality in Indonesia.

A descriptive quantitative research was conducted at the college of Technical – Economic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The main aims of the research were to specify the roles of teachers in promoting learner autonomy for non-English majored students. The data were collected through two sets questionnaire referring teachers’ roles and challenges teacher encounter in promoting learner autonomy. The findings reveal that most teachers take the role of counsellor more than the other roles (M=4.23). This finding also shows that teachers and students had good rapport in teaching and personalizing students’ learning. This is similar to most of studies in the same topic of learner autonomy. Dealing with the challenges of constrains that teacher encounter during their teaching practice, the findings showed that students lack of skills in managing their studying effectively (M=3.45). This was particular true for students who have just transferred their studying from high schools to universities. they need time to adapt themselves in a new learning environment where the self-awareness of studying is the main source of acquiring knowledge.

Character education is an important component of education that strives to develop excellent character in accordance with national and national philosophies. Character education serves to raise ethical and moral children who will benefit society in the long run. One of the foundations of character development is discipline. The character of discipline can develop a sense of responsibility in the child; therefore, it must be retained and understood. This study used qualitative descriptive research. The aim of this study is to examine the implementation, the competencies required of PAUD teachers, the impediments, and the evaluation of disciplinary character education at Qurrata Ayun Kindergarten, Kandangan and ABA Kindergarten, Golf Banjarbaru. According to the research findings and results, character education discipline is one of the main programs undertaken by Qurrata Ayun Kindergarten, Kandangan and ABA Kindergarten, Golf Banjarbaru. Obstacles encountered include a lack of cooperation from parents in establishing the type of discipline between educational institutions and parents.

This article examines the impact of the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) on the legal policies regulating COVID-19 vaccination. The MUI fatwa is a religious edict issued by a prominent Islamic institution in Indonesia that outlines the halal status, benefits, and safety of the COVID-19 vaccine. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination-related legal policies are crucial for assuring public health protection and combating the pandemic. The MUI fatwa can guide the government and related institutions when formulating legal policies regarding COVID-19 vaccination. This article will discuss in detail how the MUI Fatwa contributes to the formulation of legal procedures in Indonesia regarding the regulation of COVID-19 vaccination. This article examines the effect of the MUI Fatwa on government decision-making, the implementation of rules, and the COVID-19 vaccination program in Indonesia. This article will identify key aspects of the MUI Fatwa that impact legal policies relating to COVID-19 vaccination through a qualitative approach incorporating literature studies and statutory regulation approaches. In addition, this article will assess the benefits and drawbacks of the contribution of the MUI Fatwa and provide suggestions for enhancing the role and efficacy of the MUI Fatwa in Indonesian legal policies concerning COVID-19 vaccination. By understanding the assistance of the MUI Fatwa to legal procedures regarding the regulation of COVID-19 vaccination, it is hoped that this article will provide policymakers, related institutions, and the general public with valuable insights for addressing the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and promoting effective and sustainable vaccination efforts.

The Communist Party of Vietnam, founded in 1930, has steered the revolutionary boat to bring the Vietnamese people through many rapids to the victory of the national liberation revolution and national reunification. Today, the Party continues to lead our people to build socialism in the new era, achieving many great victories in all fields as General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong affirmed with all modestly, we can still say that: Our country has never had the opportunity, potential, position and international prestige like today, ... It can be seen that these successes comes from many reasons, of which one of the important reasons is that we have done well in the construction and rectification of the Party. This is one of the important tasks affecting the regimes survival and the development of socialist Vietnam.

The purpose of this study is to look at the factors that affect stock market returns so that they can provide useful profits to maximize profits, because it is very important for investors to maintain confidence and forecast price movements. Return on shares is the goal of investors in investing in the stock market. Stock returns are divided into two forms, namely dividends and price differences. Investors usually do analysis with various financial variables before buying stocks. The independent variables in this study are dividend yield, EPS, PER, market capitalization, and trading volume. While the dependent variable is stock return. This research was conducted by collecting data from 16 companies included in the LQ45 index over a period of 7 years (2015-2021) and using the regression model data panel in this test. Dividend yields have a significant negative effect on stock returns. The price-to-earnings ratio has a positive effect on stock returns. Earnings per share, trading volume and market capitalization do not significantly affect stock returns. The implication of the research that has been conducted is to provide direction for financial managers to be able to formulate policies that can maximize shareholder welfare by considering variables such as dividend yield and PER. For investors, this research is expected to provide information for investors related to the formulation of strategies to minimize their risk in investing in stocks.

This study aims to assess the handling of corruption through the implementation of social sanctions observed from the perspective of sociology of law. This study is a qualitative study using library research method. There are two sources and types of data used in this article, namely primary and secondary data. The theoretical perspective used in this research is the perspective of sociology of law. Based on the analysis of field data, this study uncovered an important finding that states that reinforcing the prevention and prosecution of corruption through social sanctions is, at its core, an act oriented towards the collective utilization of social elements. The alluded social elements encompass a number of structures, which are: 1) Educational structure, which is built upon anti-corruption teachings. 2) Familial structure, where compassion, honesty, justice, and noble values are imprinted. 3) Customary structure, which promotes the formation of positive conduct and behavior, such anti- corruption conduct, within tradition or culture. 4) Religious structure, which maximizes the regulatory role and function of religion as an instrument of introduction and cultivation of anti-corruption education.

This study aims to examine the effect of parental roles and parenting styles on childrens discipline through childrens independence in kindergarten B, Sungai Bilu Urban Village. A total of 134 children in group B Kindergarten at Sungai Bilu Urban Village participated in this study, which used a quantitative descriptive research design. Data collecting methods included observation and the distribution of questionnaires. Multiple correlation approaches and path diagrams were used to present a picture of the correlation between variables based on the assumptions utilized in data analysis. The studys findings indicated that: (1) parental role has a significant effect on the independence of Kindergarten B children in Sungai Bilu Urban Village; (2) parenting style has a significant effect on the independence of Kindergarten B children in Sungai Bilu Urban Village; (3) childrens discipline has a significant effect on the independence of Kindergarten B children in Sungai Bilu Urban Village; and (4) parental role has a significant effect on the discipline of Kindergarten B children in Sungai Bilu Urban Village. (5) Parenting style has a significant effect on the discipline of Kindergarten B children in Sungai Bilu Urban Village; (6) Childrens discipline significantly mediates the influence of the role of parents on childrens independence in Kindergarten B, Sungai Bilu Urban Village; and (7) Childrens discipline significantly mediates the effect of parenting style on childrens independence in Kindergarten B, Sungai Bilu Urban Village.

Health development is directed at improving the health status of the community and the state is responsible for the provision of appropriate health service facilities and public service facilities Article 34 paragraph 3 of the 1945 Constitution. Health efforts which were originally focused on curing sufferers have gradually developed towards comprehensive health integration so that the government is obliged to carry out health efforts that are equitable and affordable. The use of the method is intended as an attempt to approach and seek objective truth from the problems under study. Basically, a research process is t aken from theories, concepts, and views from the discovery of concrete legal principles and ends with the discovery of real and relevant legal principles. The author tries to collect library data through books and laws and regulations related to the subject matter. Legal Formulation of Patient Protection in Medical Malpractice. Doctors in carrying out their duties have noble reasons, namely trying to maintain the patients body so that it remains healthy or trying to nourish the patients body or at least reduce the patients suffering. It is considered difficult to resolve issues related to malpractice while legal liability to doctors who commit malpractice is only seen from negligence, namely mistakes that are not intentional. Patient Protection Legal Formulation in Medical Malpractice. Doctors in carrying out their duties have noble reasons, namely trying to maintain the patients body so that it remains healthy or trying to nourish the patients body or at least reduce the patients suffering. It is considered difficult to resolve issues related to malpractice while legal liability to doctors who commit malpractice is only seen from negligence, namely mistakes that are not intentional. Patient Protection Legal Formulation in Medical Malpractice. Doctors in carrying out their duties have noble reasons, namely trying to maintain the patients body so that it remains healthy or trying to nourish the patients body or at least reduce the patients suffering. It is considered difficult to resolve issues related to malpractice while legal liability to doctors who commit malpractice is only seen from negligence, namely mistakes that are not intentional.

Novel is a literary works that portray human life which contains cultural, moral, and educational value on its character and story. The moral values contained in the novel can provide views for the reader to be used as a basis and guide for social life where moral values will always be related to goodness, nobility of character, as well as the good and bad behavior that exists in an individual or society. The objective of the research is to find out what types of moral values contained in The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho. This research used the theory of moral values by Kinnier (2000). The researcher used descriptive method to analyze the data. The subject of this research is The Alchemist novel by Paulo Coelho. The research result showed that there are 25 data which contains moral value on commitment to something greater than oneself, 6 data which contains self-respect with humility self-discipline and responsibility, 3 data which contains respect and caring for others, and 7 data which contains caring for others creatures, and environment found in sentences.

Mass Termination of Employmentin start-up companies whose layoff process is considered to have suddenly become a hot topic of conversation and has created its own problems in society. This, of course, will affect the reputation of start-up companies to diminish in society. Generation Z has different expectations, preferences, and views when it comes to work, and this can be a challenge for start-up companies that are making mass layoffs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the intention to apply for jobs in start-up companies after mass layoffs and start-up company strategies for building a reputation after mass layoffs. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by analyzing various literature from scientific journals, related books and websites so that they can provide an explanation of the formulation of the problem under study. The results of the study show that the factors that influence the intention to apply for jobs in start-up companies after mass layoffs include: a). employees attend and work in the office without being bound by time; b). greater learning opportunities provided to its employees; c) Freedom to express ideas; d) there is no standard rule regarding employee appearance; e) the office atmosphere is designed with comfort and a warm home feel. The start-up companys strategy in building a reputation after a mass layoff provides assistance programs to former employees who have been laid off, such as assisting in making attractive and appropriate CVs. In addition, there is also a program that helps recommend former employees to other parties in need. With this research, it is hoped that it can help start-up companies that have done mass layoffs to improve their reputation and increase the companys attractiveness as an attractive workplace for prospective employees.

This article presents an educational design research study that explores the effectiveness of incorporating a deductive approach into consciousness raising activities in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms for non-English major students. The research aims to enhance students grammatical awareness and accuracy through a deductive instructional strategy, using translation practices and focusing on conscious rule-based learning. Adopting an educational design research framework, the study combines theory-driven design principles with empirical research to develop and evaluate a deductive consciousness raising intervention. The research methodology involves the implementation of instructional intervention to a group of students and the collection of qualitative and quantitative data to assess its impact on students grammatical competence and their perceptions of the learning experience. Using t-test statistical calculation, it was found that the intervention improved the students grammar mastery but not the response speed. The questionnaire result showed that students reacted positively to the intervention and their motivation increased. Findings from the study support the previous research which found that conscious raising is effective to improve students’ learning mastery. This also provides insights that integrating deductive approaches into consciousness raising activities work for grammar teaching if the grammar items are selected appropriately. This also shows that the result of conscious knowledge is not converted automatically into subconscious knowledge. It may need time to practice again and again to make it automatic. As this research is an educational design research, the hypothesis about the efficacy of this designed procedure is suggested to be proved in experimental research. More research to uncover the acquirability and learnability of English grammar features are also recommended to be studies further.

Despite the concerted commitment of numerous government entities to a transparent, efficient and cost-effective procurement process since the passage of the PPA in 2007, the National Council on Public Procurement, created by the PPA in 2007, has not yet been constituted. The objective of this study was to examine how the governments failure to establish the National Council on Public Procurement (NCPP) affected the due process mechanism and the public procurement system. This investigation employed a survey methodology. The study was conducted in the South-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The population for the study was, 205 contractors engaged in the Federal Governments minor works procurement process within the South East Zone since the enactment of the PPA. A sample of 117 contractors was drawn using both the purposive/judgmental and random sampling methods. Data gathering sources included both primary and secondary sources. The primary data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire with both closed- and open-ended questions, while books, journals, and other papers served as secondary data sources. Data analysis utilized descriptive and inferential statistics in particular. Ironically, the results demonstrated that the governments unwillingness to establish the NCPP in compliance with the articles of the PPA (2007) had no adverse effect on the public procurement system.