This paper provides an in-depth examination of juvenile delinquency in India through literature review, focusing on its causes, consequences, and interventions. Through a comprehensive analysis of the social, economic, and cultural factors influencing delinquent behaviour among youth in India, this paper aims to enhance our understanding of this issue. Additionally, it discusses the legal framework, rehabilitation programs, and community-based initiatives that can be implemented to prevent and address juvenile delinquency in the Indian context.

Cultivating students’ speaking ability is considered as one of the most important objectives of the English teaching process. In order to develop English communication skill, students need an appropriate learning environment. Indeed, applying outdoor learning is an effective way to improve language proficiency. Therefore, this study was conducted to 1) identify whether or not outdoor learning can increase students’ speaking ability, and 2) clarify students’ attitudes towards the application of outdoor learning in English teaching. The research employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. The participants were 45 first year English majored students from Faculty of Foreign Languages at Dong Nai Technology University in Vietnam. The results of the study showed that outdoor learning brought a lot of benefits in improving students’ speaking fluency. Moreover, the use of outdoor activities increased students’ opportunity to speak the target language by creating a positive learning atmosphere which enable students to interact in English naturally. The effectiveness can be proved by the increase of students’ motivation to learn English and master speaking skill. In fact, the students showed favorable attitudes to the implementation of outdoor learning. From the results, it can be concluded that with the assistance of appropriate outdoor activities, especially communicative activities, students could acquire the language much better.

The article is a review of the monograph “Challenges to active social policies in Bulgaria” by Venelin Terziev and Marin Georgiev. The study presents analyses of social policy plays in the development of modern civilization. Aimed at solving social problems in the context of dynamic technological, structural, and social changes, social policy is not only a factor that fulfils its traditional role of reducing poverty, through contributing to the reduction and regulation of inequality in society, but also provides an opportunity for certain levelling opportunities in life. Today, in the development conditions of the modern world, the active policy is coming to the forefront, aimed at developing a wider use and application of market mechanisms in the social sphere, which is of extreme importance to any country in the world.

The drafting and adoption of laws in the social sphere is always preceded by a long discussion, which is accompanied by sharp discussions. All changes in this area directly or indirectly affect the entire population of the country. In the first years of adoption of the new legislation, its enforcement was accompanied by many problems and sharp social clashes. This means that the executive power, which prepares the bills themselves before submitting them for approval by the Bulgarian Parliament, must approach very carefully and seek prior consent from the social partners. All draft laws go through a complex and long process of public discussion with representatives of trade unions, with representatives of employers and affected communities. Finding common ground in any of the conflicting elements is quite difficult and this further slows down the process of updating and synchronizing legislation in this area.

This article discusses prominent Bulgarian physician-scientists known for their significant contribution to the Bulgarian medical sciences, who apart from pursuing their scientific careers authored numerous literature works like poems, sketches, essays, etc. They are scientists whose poetry, prose and journalism carry a message and have no less artistic impact than their scientific achievements; they are doctors for whom writing fiction is a way to communicate easier with their “audience” and present the conclusions from “their science” in a more simple and comprehensible way. The authors of this article dwell on the mediating role of the literary texts that transfer the names of physician-scientists from the strictly scientific field of familiarity and fame, and facilitate the perception of their scientific developments, bringing them closer to a wider circle of readers. The article discusses methods and means of carrying out communication between the “two cultures of the modern society” – natural sciences and humanities and art, as well as ways of popularizing scientific achievements. The article covers the activities of humanist doctors who lived and worked in the period from the end of the 18th century to the present day. It examines medical achievements in the context of the historical and political setting and that are accompanied by quotations from literary works and analysis of the works.

The activity of Citayam Fashion Week (CFW) in the Dukuh Atas Train Station Area at Jl. Sudirman Jakarta, which is dominated by children aged in their teens who appear wearing modern and quirky clothes, has managed to attract the attention of the public in particular netizens. But behind this phenomenon, the CFW event raises concerns because the majority of participants are children aged 15-18 years who spend their daily time in the area without parental supervision. This study aims to analyze the CFW phenomenon from the perspective of Family Sociology and Fulfillment of Childs Rights. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method with secondary data. The results of the study found that children who were involved in CFW activities did not get their welfare rights from their parents. In accordance with the definition of the Child Protection Act, where a person who is not yet 18 years old is a child whose rights are protected by the state, and in development they still need the guidance, supervision and affection of their parents. Parents are obliged to provide direction and accompany the growth and development of children and fulfill childrens rights including the right to education, the right to a family environment and other rights. The main thing in human development is the fulfillment of basic needs, where if these basic needs are not met, it will have a significant impact on the growth and development of children. In conclusion, the Citayam Fashion Week phenomenon has a negative side where parents or families who are supposed to be the parties to fulfill childrens rights and prepare children to become qualified human resourceshave neglected to carry out their responsibilities. The function of the family as social control in society has also shifted.

The failure of a thorough investigation or investigation to catch the mastermind behind a criminal act of murder which ends in a government order to commit murder which is carried out under the law against the perpetrator is the definition of Extrajudicial Killing. One of the countries that practices Extrajudicial Killing is the Philippines. In an effort to eradicate drug trafficking in the country, this action was carried out under the leadership of Rodrigo. In studying this problem the author uses normative legal research methods or statutory approaches. The result of this research is that the Extrajudicial Killing Act can be indicated as a government policy that attacks certain civilians, this can be seen from how President Duterte constantly voices or orders to execute outside the court the perpetrators of drug dealers. This Extrajudicial Killing action can also be referred to as a crime against humanity because the action was carried out by the authorities in a systematic and planned manner. If this is implemented in Indonesia, it will conflict with the principle of due process of law.

This review analyzes the present status of volunteer tourism as a contemporary phenomenon and field of research. The basis of the review is founded on themes introduced more than a decade ago in Volunteer Tourism: Experiences That Make a Difference (Wearing, 2001). The article commences by examining the rapid expansion of volunteer tourism in both academic research and practical application. It then scrutinizes the existing literature through a multi-stage framework that mirrors the volunteer tourism procedure. The paper comprehensively analyzes existing research on pre-trip motivations, volunteer tourism experience, and post-trip reflections and transformations. It specifically examines the role of volunteer tourism organizations and the community in facilitating the volunteer tourism experience. The conclusions of the study comprise suggestions for potential avenues of future research.

Humanistic Buddhism regards the Noble Eightfold Path as the core teaching of practicing Buddhism, and it is the path to guide practitioners to liberation. Business ethics is an important part of a businesspersons spirit. Business ethics refers to the moral principles and codes of conduct that should be followed in the business environment. Humanistic Buddhist ethics and businessmans spirit can promote and harmonize each other. Businessmen can practice the spirit of Buddhist ethics in business by focusing on the well-being of others, being honest and trustworthy, operating responsibly, and making charitable donations. In this case, we take Dr. Kai-Fu Lee as an example and introduce his story of being born in Taiwan, studying in the United States, and starting a business in China. From the case of Dr. Kai-Fu Lee, the important influence of Humanistic Buddhism on the commercial spirit of contemporary Chinese can be observed.

This study examines the implementation of land acquisition for development for public interest from the perspective of justice and human rights. The phenomenon that occurs in the community in land acquisition carried out by the Government in taking community land has not fully provided a sense of justice and respect for the rights owned by the community. Therefore, it will be studied and analyzed related to the acquisition of land at the Bali Cultural Center in Klungkung. This research will use empirical legal research, because there is potential in land acquisition in the community is not fully in accordance with procedural and existing laws and regulations. Thus, this study found that in the implementation of land acquisition, the principles that exist in land acquisition such as the principle of justice and respect for community rights. Related to the provision of compensation has not been in accordance with the sense of justice for land rights holders and respect for the rights that must be given to the community has not been accommodated.

The goal of this study is to examine how multicultural education affects students overall holistic personal development as they progress through postsecondary institutions. As Indonesias democracy has grown, so has its commitment to multicultural education. In theory, multicultural education strives for equality, which includes the right to access education for all. 38 students from private tertiary institutions made up the sample for this study, which used a descriptive quantitative technique and product moment correlation data analysis. In addition, using the product moment formula as a data analysis approach, we may determine how much variable X (multicultural variable) correlates with or influences variable Y (holistic personal development). In this investigation, it was discovered that T-Count > T-Table, with a 5% or 1% significance level. Accordingly, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected in light of these findings. So it can be said that multicultural learning has a big impact on how Islamic Education (PAI) students develop holistically as people.

This study aims to analyze the socio-economic relationship and motivation with teacher performance through the job satisfaction of PAUD teachers in Cluster 4 Sedap Malam, Tanah Bumbu district. This study used a quantitative descriptive research type with a total sample of 134 PAUD teachers in Cluster 4 Sedap Malam, Tanah Bumbu Regency. Data collection techniques by way of observation and distributing questionnaires. The techniques used in analyzing the data are multiple correlation techniques and path diagrams to display a picture of the relationship between variables according to the assumptions used. The results of the study showed that: (1) there was no significant relationship between the socio-economics of teachers and the performance of Cluster 4 Sedap Malam PAUD teachers in Tanah Bumbu Regency with a weak positive correlation; (2) There is no significant relationship between work motivation and the performance of Cluster 4 Sedap Malam PAUD teachers in Tanah Bumbu Regency with a very weak positive correlation; (3) There is a significant relationship between teacher job satisfaction and the performance of Cluster 4 Sedap Malam PAUD teachers in Tanah Bumbu Regency with a strong positive correlation; (4) There is a significant relationship between teacher socio-economic and job satisfaction of Cluster 4 Sedap Malam PAUD teachers in Tanah Bumbu Regency with a strong positive correlation; (5) There is a significant relationship between work motivation and job satisfaction of Cluster 4 Sedap Malam PAUD teachers in Tanah Bumbu Regency with a very strong positive correlation; (6) Significant job satisfaction contributes to strengthening socio-economic relations with the performance of Cluster 4 Early Childhood Education teachers in Tanah Bumbu Regency; and (7) significant job satisfaction participates in strengthening the relationship between work motivation and the performance of Cluster 4 PAUD teachers in Sedap Malam, Tanah Bumbu Regency.

This research relates to globalization, in which many developed regions are gradually opening up their financial markets to attract international investors. Foreign investment has an important role in the economy, especially in developing countries. One aspect of management that needs attention is that financial issues are important for business continuity. The finances of a business are related to the source of capital and its use. The more effective the use and management of capital, the more profitable it will be for the business. So that the companys funds can be fully filled. Sources of financing can be selected or identified, whether they come from equity or from outside the company. The population in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with a sample of 73 companies over a research period of 3 years (2019–2021) using a purposive sampling technique. To test the hypothesis, multiple regression analysis was used with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that disclosure of foreign ownership (BS) had a positive and significant effect on debt leverage. In addition, this study also found that variable asset management (AM) has a negative but not significant effect on debt leverage. The results of this study provide information that indicates that foreign ownership further increases the level of asset adjustment in overleveraged companies. In addition, total investment turnover (TATO) and engagement (DER) affect debt leverage.

As a subsystem in national education system, Islamic education system plays a strategic role in the nationâ€TMs intellectual life as well as its character building. Islamic boarding school education system, as one of the varieties of Isl amic educational institutions, is the pioneer and prototype in the holistic human development, that is, noble character. In the context of nation and state, Islamic boarding schools have been proven to play an active role in firmly upholding and defending the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), and they have been at the frontline to fight against the Dutch colonialists long time before Indonesia gained its independence up to nowadays. However, during the previous decades, a number of Islamic boarding schools have gone through nationalist-related distortions. Al-Muâ€TMmin Ngruki Islamic Boarding School is a manifestation of radical stigma that breeds anti-NKRI terrorists. This field research employed a qualitative approach called phenomenology, aiming to describe the dynamics of Islamic education at Al-Mumin Ngruki Islamic Boarding School. The data were collected using in- depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. The results suggested that the existence of Ngruki Islamic Boarding School as a boarding school is closely related to the internalization of Islamic educational values going through a series of dynamics; during the early period, which was very firm and rigid in interpreting Islam, the middle period, which slowly turned into egalitarian, and the modern period, which promotes a moderate mindset in carrying out the institutional functions to an egalitarian and proportional global interaction.

A state university in the Philippines participated in the resumption of limited face-to-face classes after two years of closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic, thereby allowing for online learning. This study assessed the online self-regulated learning strategies of college students using descriptive-correlational research design. Mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Kruskal-Walli’s test were used for analyzing data gathered from one hundred sixty-three students. Results show that students had a high level of online self-regulated learning strategies when they were taken as a whole and grouped according to sex and year level, excluding the second-year students whose level was average. Moreover, significant differences did not exist in their online self- regulated learning strategies when grouped according to year level, but a significant difference did in environment structuring when they were grouped according to sex. Overall, the students succeeded in dealing with the challenges of online learning because they employed self-regulated strategies.

Article entitled Bank Responsibility for Objects of Mortgage Auctions That Cannot Be Controlled by the Auction Winners. The transaction process for the transfer of land and building rights through an auction is quite easy and simple. As long as the parties involved fulfill their respective rights and obligations in accordance with the provisions of the applicable laws and regulations. Based on the explanation of Article 20 paragraph (1) of Minister of Finance Regulation Number 213/06.PMK/2020 regarding instructions for implementing auctions, auctions must run efficiently, effectively and provide legal certainty. This study aims to develop knowledge regarding bank responsibilities and legal protection for buyers of goods who are unable to exercise control over the object of the mortgage execution auction object. The form of research used in this research is normative, which is researched on legal principles, which are carried out on positive laws made in writing. The conclusion of this study: The bank is fully responsible for the juridical and physical leveraging of the auction object to the auction winner, based on Article 17 of the 2016 Auction Guidelines and Article 13 of the 2020 Auction Guidelines stating that the Seller, in this case Bank X, is responsible for the delivery of movable objects and/or immovable objects. Because basically, the law has regulated that the seller is obliged to guarantee the possession of the goods being sold safely and securely to the buyer. This form of accountability can be in the form of providing mediation so that the debtor wants to vacate the auction object voluntarily or by providing proper direction and coordination to the buyer to apply for an emptying execution or if as a last option, namely by returning payment of the auction price paid by the auction buyer. So that in the future the bank can facilitate the levering process and participate in guaranteeing the mastery of the collateral to hand over the auction object as a form of accountability, it is necessary to make a statement stating that if the debtor defaults, the debtor is obliged to voluntarily vacate the land and building of the mortgage, so that in the future the bank can obtain convenience in handing over the auction object and is also free from claims for compensation filed by the buyer.

Vietnams diplomatic history shows that its ties to the Soviet Union had a significant impact on the countrys revolutionary movement. The Soviet Union was one of the first nations to acknowledge and establish diplomatic ties with Vietnam in 1950, along with China. In the history of the fight for national liberation as well as in the establishment of socialism (socialist), the Soviet Unions close cooperation and significant assistance played a significant role in the victory of the Vietnamese revolution. The partnership between Vietnam and the Soviet Union, particularly in the years 1975 to 1991, achieved remarkable successes and actively aided the growth of both nation.

Vegetarian cuisine is increasingly becoming a trend in society, starting with many people realizing the importance of living a healthier lifestyle to changing their lifestyle to becoming vegetarian food connoisseurs. The purpose of this research is to analyze marketing strategies for vegetarian food for the millennial generation so that their food products can be accepted and enjoyed. This research is descriptive qualitative through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation of data collection. The study reveals that differentiated marketing strategy is including the organizational environment within the organization which is normally a potential target market for the millennial generation. It is further suggested that product mix, price, distribution and promotion channels are regarded as the marketing mix strategy.

Young Indonesian Entrepreneur, founded in 1972 with the founder Abdul Latief. This organization is a group of young Indonesian entrepreneurs to drive the nations economy. In addition, HIPMI is also a place for young entrepreneurs to start a business so that they can overcome cultural and structural barriers so that they can develop. The ability to master social capital can enhance the development of Young Indonesian Entrepreneurs. So the research aims to provide an overview of how the process of social capital in business development. The results of data analysis and reference literature review show that not all young Indonesian entrepreneurs use social capital in developing their business progress. Selection of a development strategy through increasing skills in mastering social capital is very effective in increasing cooperation, and the performance of business capabilities of young Indonesian entrepreneurs. The main finding of this study is that social capital is the best element in developing the business skills of young entrepreneurs, the ability to master economic capital including the ability to cooperate to become part of the government or bureaucracy, the organizational values of young Indonesian entrepreneurs, the value of trust and networking relations. In the future, it is suggested to research modifying the development of young Indonesian businesses based on economic capital and social capital in the realm of digital media.

The politics of the people are often identified with their lives in the state. This understanding gave rise to a prolonged discourse on the relationship between state and religion. The purpose of this study is to study, analyze and interpret from fiqh studies related to the interpretation of Nahdlatul Ulamas political behavior. This research is a literature research or revive literature using descriptive analytical methods. Data collection is carried out by listening and recording techniques. Analysis is carried out by means of data collection, (2) data reduction, and (3) presentation. The results of this study show that the religious symbols stated by Nahdlatul Ulama turned out to be upon closer examination is not surprising, because this organization is very tied to the concepts of formal legal thinking (fiqh) that must be implemented, and if not, contain other legal consequences. These religious symbols have a deeper meaning in their world. The idealistic state is transcendental, and when viewed from their religious discourse it must be created and implemented. Religious symbols in addition to having idealistic meanings, also consciously or unconsciously have political meanings, for the existence of Nahdlatul Ulama, which is sometimes designed and deliberate by Nahdlatul Ulama itself.

Peer feedback has been ubiquitous in language learning, especially in writing skills. With the integration of technology in English education, peer feedback through digital tools can be a replacement for traditional classroom activities. This study investigated the effects of using peer feedback through Padlet on the email writing of EFL students and their learning motivation. Two groups of participants were recruited: 32 control non-English majors and 34 experimental ones in a university in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Their English proficiency was homogeneous at the pre-intermediate level. Throughout six sessions of instruction, the experimental group practiced writing and giving peer feedback on the Padlet platform while the control group learned conventionally. Data were obtained through pretest and posttest; besides, semi-structured interviews were employed to gather information on students learning motivation. The results indicated that the use of peer feedback on Padlet was a great technique that could be applied to enhance EFL students email writing. Furthermore, students motivation in writing was also increased due to the integration of Padlet.

Childrens education in the era of globalization faces significant challenges and opportunities. Globalization has changed the educational landscape with the rapid development of information and communication technology, the wide accessibility of information, and increasingly intense interaction between cultures. This literature review explores the challenges and opportunities faced by childrens education in the era of globalization based on the latest literature. The literature review shows that one of the biggest challenges is the digital divide between individuals with access to technology and those without access. Children from low socioeconomic backgrounds or remote areas face difficulty accessing the digital educational resources needed to compete in a globalized world. Therefore, the need for efforts to expand the accessibility of technology in all walks of life is essential. In addition, globalization also brings changes in the needs and demands of jobs in the global market. Childrens education must adapt curriculum and learning to suit evolving needs, such as critical thinking, creativity, cooperation, and digital skills. However, the era of globalization also provides new opportunities for childrens education. The widespread accessibility of information provides opportunities for children to access various learning resources online. They can access learning materials, e- books, and other educational resources without geographical restrictions. It allows children to develop their interests and talents through independent exploration. The increasingly intense intercultural interaction also opens up opportunities to learn about cultural diversity and different values. Children can broaden their understanding of the world through multicultural education and develop inclusive attitudes that foster global cooperation.

This essay examines market liquidity and underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) in the wake of the Chi- Next boards financial reform in June 2020. The results show that IPO underpricing has grown and market liquidity has improved since the reform. The channel by which the reform affects IPO underpricing and market liquidity can be explained by investor sentiment. The impact of the reform on underpricing and market liquidity can also be explained by other firm-level characteristics, such as leverage and firm life cycle.

This study aims to find out the form of criminal responsibility for members of the TNI who commit crimes and the efforts of TNI deserters who commit criminal acts of desertion to reunite. This research is a normative research which seeks to study and explore and find answers about what should be from every problem based on norms, not examining social phenomena that occur as a result of legislation. The approach used in this study is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. This approach is used because in solving the problems in this study, it will refer to existing and related laws. The results of this study indicate that this form of criminal responsibility can be in the form of a crime of desertion of goods which is a basic crime of imprisonment regulated in article 6a paragraph 2 of the Criminal Procedure Code. And additional punishment in the form of dismissal from military service, this is regulated in paragraph 1 of Article 6b of the Criminal Procedure Code. And efforts that can be made by military deserters who commit these crimes are asked to be accompanied by a lawyer to help resolve the deserters problem completely.

Basic informatics is a basic subject, so it is inseparable and compulsory in every college and university today. To learn basic informatics, physical, intellectual, and emotional involvement is required to successfully send and express messages through the manipulation of computer transport. However, persuading students who are not majoring in computer science to use computer science as a subject Students are forced to study in a stressful situation, so they always feel anxious, bored and the results reflect it all. This fact does not exclude the learning environment at Basic Science, Van Lang University. In this study, our goal is to survey the status of children in computer learning of students at the whole school, Van Lang University through pointing out the difficulties and challenges in research as well as drawing conclusions. resolve these problems. We also suggest some useful references for related researchers, especially aimed at low-level fellows. We randomly selected the participating students from among the students of Van Lang University to complete a questionnaire consisting of 09 questions. The students are selected as freshmen to keep track of the areas studied. The results show that students who have difficulty in learning informatics have low proficiency and because the subject is a compulsory subject, students have to study it, leading to poor academic results. These results suggest that teaching teachers should build a collection of student feedback surveys for their academic work from which teachers come up with good teaching methods. The attitude of the teacher should be friendly so that the students can mingle and continue in an enjoyable class and they will advance just in time (Thu Nguyet Minh Nguyen, 2021).

The study was conducted to determine the types of punctuation errors and the most frequently occurring punctuation errors in persuasive writing committed by English language learners in higher education. The descriptive-qualitative design was employed to obtain the purpose of the study. The study participants were eighteen (18) third-year students of Bachelor of Arts in the English Language in one of the state universities in Negros Occidental during the academic year 2022–2023, chosen through purposeful sampling. The data source is the participants independently composed persuasive essays with a provided topic. The errors were identified according to the rules of punctuation by Straus et al. and classified according to the surface strategy taxonomy by Dulay et al.: omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. The results revealed that omission obtained the highest frequency among the four (4) types of error, and comma is the most frequent punctuation error they committed, obtaining 67.7% and 77.4%, respectively. The researchers recommend that English language learners engage in self-correction and peer-correction activities to build competence and gain command and intelligibility in English language writing.

The paper examined the contribution of motivating factors such as school climate, school physical facilities, school principals leadership style, teachers influence, school curriculum implementation, instructional materials, classroom environment, peer group influence, and parental support on the academic performance of students. The study adopted descriptive survey type. The population comprises all the senior secondary schools in South West Nigeria. Three states, Osun, Ondo and Ekiti were sampled based on simple random sample and multi-stage random sampling technique. A questionnaire title Motivation and Academic Performance of Students (MAPS) was designed and administered on respondents on factors that could motivate students towards academic performance. 0.85 reliability co-efficient was obtained. Frequency counts, percentage scores, standard deviation and Multi-Regression were used to analyse the data. The hypothesis formulated were tested at 0.05 level of significance. It was revealed that motivation contributed greatly to the academic performance of students. The level of motivation of students was moderate during the period under review. The result further revealed that a combination of motivating factors such as school climate, school physical facilities, school principals leadership style, teachers influence, school curriculum implementation, instructional materials, classroom environment, peer group influence, and parental support were significantly related to the academic performance of senior secondary school students. The use of multiple regression indicates that classroom environment is the highest predictor of the academic performance of students while school climate is the least predictor. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that students in public secondary schools should be adequately motivated through an enabling school climate, adequate physical facilities, good principal leadership styles, positive teaches influence and cordial interaction with students, proper implementation of the school curriculum, good classroom environment, positive peer group influence and adequate parental support.

This study aims to determine the values of childrens independence and strategies for developing independence values that have been successfully developed in Liang Anggang Sub-District Guidance State Kindergarten and Baitul Mamur Kindergarten in Banjarbaru City along with determining the supporting and inhibiting factors in the development of early childhood independence values in Liang Anggang Sub-District Guidance State Kindergarten and Baitul Mamur Kindergarten in Banjarbaru city. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive by conducting interviews and observations of resource persons. Based on the results obtained (1). The values of independence that have been successfully developed in Liang Anggang Sub-District Pembina State Kindergarten and Baitul Mamur Kindergarten in Banjarbaru city are that no children waiting for their parents at school, children take their food, wash their hands before and after eating, sweep leftovers on the floor, and wash their dishes accompanied by teachers, help clean up toys after use and brush their teeth, complete the activity to completion. (2). The strategy to develop the values of childrens independence in Liang Anggang Sub-District Guidance State Kindergarten and Baitul Mamur Kindergarten is by telling stories and giving examples first through daily habituation, so that children more easily know and follow from the simplest aspect first, from the habits, (3). The inhibiting factor is the condition of the child if he is sick so that it is usually more difficult to be told to do independent activities, or the childs feeling is not good at home so that at school he likes to seek attention from teachers, excessive parenting by parents and grandparents which causes children to be more spoiled because at home they are always helped, At school, children refuse if asked for something related to an attitude of responsibility such as cleaning up toys after using them. Meanwhile, the supporting factor for developing the value of independence of children in Liang Anggang Sub-District Guidance State Kindergarten and Baitul Mamur Kindergarten is their parents who can be invited to cooperate in implementing programs that have been made by the school. In addition, Liang Anggang Sub-District Pembina State Kindergarten and Baitul Mamur Kindergarten have adequate facilities and infrastructure in developing childrens independence so that they can support the implementation of childrens independence at school.

This study aims to analyze the influence of academic supervision, principal leadership and teacher pedagogical competence on teaching performance. This study uses regression research with a quantitative approach which is formulated in the path analysis model. The research population consisted of 415 teachers from 32 schools and 203 respondents were taken as the research sample. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of academic supervision (26 items), principal leadership (44 items), teacher pedagogical competence (68 items), teaching performance (28 items) which have been tested for validity and reliability. Then, the research data were analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that academic supervision on performance, principal leadership on teaching performance, teacher pedagogic competence on teaching performance, academic supervision on teacher pedagogic competence, principal leadership on teacher pedagogic competence, academic supervision on teaching performance through teacher pedagogic competence and head leadership schools on teaching performance through teacher pedagogic competence.

This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect influence of transformational leadership on work motivation to teacher work discipline through work commitment. This study uses a quantitative approach. The study population was 126 teachers at MAN. The sample technique used is proportional random sampling of 96 people. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of transformational leadership; (30 items), work motivation (45 items), work commitment (30 items) and work discipline (40 items). Test the validity and reliability of data using Alpha Cronbach. The research data were analyzed using path analysis to see the direct and indirect influence between variables, by first carrying out the normality test, linearity test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test and auto correlation test. The results showed that there was an influence between: (1) transformational leadership with work discipline, (2) work motivation with work discipline, (3) work commitment with work discipline, (4) transformational leadership with work commitment, (5) work motivation with commitment work, (6) influence transformational leadership with work discipline through work commitment, (7) influence work motivation with work discipline through work commitment.

This study aims to describe the strategy of school principals in developing teacher pedagogic and professional competencies to improve the quality of education. This research is qualitative descriptive research with multiple case studies. This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Lampihong and SMAN 1 Tebing Tinggi . The key informants were the principal, vice principal and teachers who were determined by purposive sampling. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. Data validity was carried out by data triangulation by means of source triangulation, technical triangulation and time triangulation. Data analysis using data analysis techniques Miles and Huberman which consists of data collection, data condensation, data presentation and conclusion, description or verification. The results of the study found that the strategy used by the principal in developing teacher pedagogic and professional competencies to improve the quality of education is through a communication strategy, coaching strategy, and partnership strategy

This study aims to describe how the implementation of strategic management towards competitive schools. This research uses a case research approach and is also called descriptive research. Data collection by observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis uses data analysis, data collection, data condensation, triangulation, data presentation and data inference or verification. The results obtained that a strategic environmental analysis was carried out at SMP Negeri 1 and SMP Negeri 6 Banjarmasin to identify the strengths and weaknesses possessed as well as the opportunities and challenges faced by the school. The strategic formulation in SMP Negeri 1 and SMP Negeri 6 Banjarmasin begins by clarifying the vision and mission to be achieved and determining long and short term goals. The School Development Team will formulate a strategy by identifying Human Resources, funds, and available facilities and infrastructure, then designing a strategy. The principals policy supports strategic formulation. Strategically implemented on the program with clear procedural and financial support. Strategic evaluation and control are carried out by assessing the overall strategy that has been implemented in the program. The strategic plan made becomes a benchmark for success. School Development Team can make decisions based on the results of strategic evaluation and control. The conclusion of this study shows that strategic implementation is carried out in SMP Negeri 1 and SMP Negeri 6 Banjarmasin in the development of eight National Education Standards. Education units are expected to maintain existing strategic management and improve strategies that are more innovative, emphasize the quality of education, and are oriented towards fund efficiency.

This research aims to know and analyze influence leadership transformational head school and culture Work to satisfaction Work through efficacy teacher self. This research is quantitative research with a path analysis approach. The research population was 285 with samples are 166. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of transformational leadership of school principals (25 items), work culture (33 items), efficacy self (20 items), teacher job satisfaction (20 items) that have been tested its validity and reliability. Analysis of the research data using path analysis (Path Analysis). The results of the study found that there was an effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction (0.165) work culture on satisfaction work (0.416), efficacy self to teacher job satisfaction (0.740), leadership transformational to efficacy self (0.626), culture Work to efficacy self (0.408), leadership transformational head school on teacher job satisfaction through efficacy self (0.463), work culture on satisfaction Work through efficacy self (0.302).

This study aims to describe transformational leadership, work climate, job satisfaction, professionalism of public elementary school teachers in Karang Intan District, Banjar Regency, to analyze the direct and indirect relationship between the transformational leadership of school principals, work climate, job satisfaction, and the professionalism of public elementary school teachers in Karang Intan District, Banjar Regency. This research is a correlational study with a descriptive-quantitative method. The study population consisted of 223 people with a sample of 143 people determined by proportional random sampling. The data collection instrument consists of a transformational leadership questionnaire (24), Work Climate (44), Job Satisfaction (20), and teacher professionalism (44) which have met the validity and reliability test requirements. Data analysis to test the hypothesis using path analysis. The results of the study show that there is a direct relationship: 1) the transformational leadership of school principals and teacher professionalism; 2) work climate and teacher professionalism; 3) job satisfaction and teacher professionalism; 4) principal transformational leadership and job satisfaction; 5) work climate and job satisfaction; and there is an indirect relationship between 6) transformational leadership and teacher professionalism through job satisfaction; 7) work climate with teacher professionalism through job satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to describe planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating the management of school cooperation relations with the business and industrial world at SMKN 1 Gambut and SMKN 1 Kertak Hanyar. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a multi-site research design. Data were collected by interview, observation and documentation techniques. The subjects of this study were school principals, vice principals for public relations, heads of expertise departments, teachers, educators and business and industrial world who collaborated with SMKN 1 Gambut and SMKN 1 Kertak Hanyar. This study uses an interactive data analysis model from Miles and Huberman, with stages: data collection, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and checking the validity of the findings is carried out with credibility, dependability, and confirmability. After the data has been collected, it is done with a single site and then proceed with a cross-site analysis. The results obtained from this study indicate that the planning of school cooperation relationships as well as the business world and the industrial world that help the success of school collaboration programs, socialize the school to potential partners, select potential partners in accordance with the majors owned by the school. The organization formed and assigned by the school principal to form a Cooperation Team (Iduka Team) for the World of Industrial Work with the support of the vice principal and all school members, heads of departments, special job fair coordinators. The implementation of school collaboration actively establishes communication with the world of work, there is curriculum synchronization, student internships, there are guest teachers who are competent in their fields from school partners according to the majors in the school, teacher education and training, equalization of facilities and infrastructure and school efforts to convince school partners, by fostering good communication with school partners, as well as recruiting alumni students working with partners to provide jobs according to the competencies students have. Thus, after graduating from SMK, students are able to be absorbed by the world of business and the industrial world and are ready to work according to the needs of the world of work. Evaluation of the schools collaborative relationship with the business or industrial world at SMKN 1 Gambut and SMKN 1 Kertak Hanyar.

To encourage awareness of forming a school that is fun for all school residents, it is necessary to build interesting learning in order to make changes to the school so that it becomes a place of learning that is longed for by students so that they can develop interests and talents to the maximum. Fun school is a strategy in building character, because it can change mindset, mental, behavior effectively and efficiently where students can explore and develop students potential, according to interests and talents, so as to produce graduates who are independent, creative and superior. Through qualitative methods, it intends to understand the problems in the field regarding the leadership of the principal, the commitment of school residents and the use of infrastructure to create a pleasant school in SMK Negeri 3 and SMK Negeri 2 Kuala Kapuas in depth about the implementation of GSM management. The purpose of this study is the Planning, Organizing, Implementing and Evaluation of the Fun School Movement in SMK Negeri 3 and SMK Negeri 2 Kuala Kapuas. The fun school movement is carried out by adjusting the curriculum, namely the independent criculum with alignment with DU / DI, building infrastructure facilities and strengthening the character of students through a positive culture and strengthening the profile of Pancasila students, so that it can be concluded that the implementation of the management of the fun school movement needs support, participation, commitment and consistent implementation from all school residents and there needs to be continuous joint evaluation by All school residents and teams have been assigned. The importance of this fun school movement, it is suggested that it needs to be more socialized to all school residents so that the participation of school residents increases, improving the quality of infrastructure and school environment to create a more pleasant learning atmosphere.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the school principals transformational leadership style, assertive communication and work climate on private elementary school teachers work satisfaction in banjarbaru utara district. This research is a correlational study with path analysis. The population of this study were all teachers of private elementary schools in North Banjarbaru sub-district, totaling 123 people with a sample of 96 people taken by proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentation and then analyzed using SPSS 15 statistical version. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques used statistical tests of path analysis and multiple linear regression. Hypothesis testing was carried out at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed: 1) The principals transformational leadership style, assertive communication, work climate and teacher job satisfaction were in the high category. 2) There is a positive and significant relationship between the principals transformational leadership style and teacher job satisfaction of 0.212. 3) There is a positive and significant relationship between assertive communication and teacher job satisfaction of 0.307. 4) There is a positive and significant relationship between the principals transformational leadership style and the work climate of 0.325. 5) There is a positive and significant relationship between assertive communication and work climate of 0.641. 6) There is a positive and significant relationship between work climate and teacher job satisfaction of 0.460. 7) The relationship between the principals transformational leadership style indirectly through the work climate on teacher job satisfaction is 0.362. 8) The relationship between assertive communication indirectly through the work climate on teacher job satisfaction is 0.602. Based on the conclusions above, the implications of the research results are that teacher job satisfaction can be increased through the principals transformational leadership style, assertive communication and work climate.

In the current globalization era, English increasingly becomes the most desirable language to be mastered. The act of producing correct pronunciation is considered as the crucial aspect contributing to the communication competence in English since mispronunciation will certainly lead to misunderstanding in communication. However, in fact, there is a significant difference in the sound system of English and Vietnamese language, which makes many Vietnamese learners encounter problems of pronouncing some sounds in English, especially the minimal pairs. In order to achieve the aim of discovering pronunciation errors of minimal pairs in English, 58 freshmen of English department at Ba Ria-Vung Tau University participated in this investigation by completing the questionnaire and recording the pronunciation of seven common pairs of word containing minimal pairs including /t?/ - /d?/; /s/ - /?/; /s/ - /z/; /b/ - /p/; - /d?/; /t/ - /?/ and /z/ - /ð/. The result shows the students are unable to differentiate the sounds of those minimal pairs; and the primary causes for this problem are the learners mother tongue interference, and their limited exposure of English language. In addition, some recommendations in the light of findings are presented in this paper.

The impact of the storytelling approach on pupils in Class IX Bantens ability to communicate orally is discussed in this paper. Before implementing the story approach in class IX Banten, this research will examine students speaking skills. Know the skills of participating students after using the storytelling model in class IX in Banten. To know the skills of participants students after applying the storytelling model in class IX in Banten. To determine if the storytelling method has an effect on Bantens class IX pupils ability to communicate orally. The method used in these studies is a quantitative study method with the sort of experimental studies whose layout makes use of one organization pre-check post-check. The populace on this examination had been all college students of sophistication IX Banten, amounting to fourteen people. The pattern used is a saturated pattern due to the fact this pattern examines all college students of sophistication IX, totaling 15 people. The information series technique used is descriptive facts and prerequisite check evaluation and speculation testing.

RTBF (Right to be Forgotten) is a legal concept that allows individuals to request a removal or deletion of electronic documents or information about themselves that are inaccurate or no longer relevant. RTBF can be used as a legal basis for addressing cases of Deepfake Pornography, which involves the creation of manipulated pornographic content using Deepfake technology, where someones face is inserted into another persons body in various media formats, such as images or videos. The current regulation of RTBF in Article 26 (3) of UU ITE is considered to have legal vague, resulting in the failure to achieve legal protection for victims of Deepfake Pornography in Indonesia. This raises the issue of the scope and limitations of the use of the Right to be Forgotten (RTBF), as well as the implementation of an adoption model for RTBF in cases of Deepfake Pornography in Indonesia. Research findings indicate that legal vague regarding the implementation of RTBF in Indonesia can be addressed by conducting a comparative study with other countries that also apply RTBF to cybercrime, including Deepfake Pornography. Indonesia is still lagging behind in detailed and clear regulations regarding the implementation of RTBF in the country, as well as in addressing Deepfake Pornography. Also, there is currently a lack of clear procedures in the UU ITE regarding the use of RTBF, and the ineffectiveness of the authorities handling Deepfake Pornography cases.

The application of dawah through the Tapak Suci institution is something that is routinely carried out both physically and non-physically before carrying out training. The type of research that will be used is qualitative research which is better known as naturalistic inquiry. While the approach used is the sociology of dawah in order to explore and understand the environmental conditions of the community in conveying dawah through the Tapak Suci institution. While the instruments in the research are the researchers themselves with the tasks of planning, implementing, analyzing, interpreting data to reporting research results. Researchers as instruments must have the ability to analyze data. Includes: a list of questions, interviews, cameras, tape recorders, and notebooks. While data analysis techniques data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that there are forms of dawah messages in Tapak Suci namely, prayer activities in congregation and joint prayers as opening or closing before practice, discipline, concentration. Books and research results. In addition, the dawah application was delivered by the Tapak Suci Putera Muhammadiyah College in Makassar City in the form of informative, persuasive, coercive, educative, motivational, moral with the aim of changing attitudes and behavior as a reflection of noble morals in everyday life.

This study aims to describe how the implementation of strategic management towards competitive schools. This research uses a case research approach and is also called descriptive research. Data collection by observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis uses data analysis, data collection, data condensation, triangulation, data presentation and data inference or verification. The results obtained that a strategic environmental analysis was carried out at SMP Negeri 1 and SMP Negeri 6 Banjarmasin to identify the strengths and weaknesses possessed as well as the opportunities and challenges faced by the school. The strategic formulation in SMP Negeri 1 and SMP Negeri 6 Banjarmasin begins by clarifying the vision and mission to be achieved and determining long and short term goals. The School Development Team will formulate a strategy by identifying Human Resources, funds, and available facilities and infrastructure, then designing a strategy. The principals policy supports strategic formulation. Strategically implemented on the program with clear procedural and financial support. Strategic evaluation and control are carried out by assessing the overall strategy that has been implemented in the program. The strategic plan made becomes a benchmark for success. School Development Team can make decisions based on the results of strategic evaluation and control. The conclusion of this study shows that strategic implementation is carried out in SMP Negeri 1 and SMP Negeri 6 Banjarmasin in the development of eight National Education Standards. Education units are expected to maintain existing strategic management and improve strategies that are more innovative, emphasize the quality of education, and are oriented towards fund efficiency.

This study aims to analyze relationships leadership transformational, work climate and discipline towards the professionalism of SMAN teachers in Banjarmasin city. This research is a correlational study with a quantitative approach. The population of this study was 47 4 senior high school teachers in the city of Banjarmasin with PNS status spread over 13 schools. The sample technique used is Proportional Random sampling as many as 160 people. Analysis of the research data using descriptive statistics with path analysis. Data collection is done by using the instrument. Research data were analyzed using path analysis to see direct and indirect relationships between variables, by first carrying out the normality test, homoscedasticity test, multicollinearity test and correlation test. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between transformational leadership has a direct and significant relationship to variables teacher professionalism. Work climate directly and significantly related to variables teacher professionalism. Discipline directly and significantly related to variables teacher professionalism. Transformational leadership has a direct and significant relationship to the work climate variable. Transformational leadership is directly related and significant to variables work discipline. The indirect relationship through the work climate is smaller than the value of the direct influence of transformational leadership on the professionalism of public high school teachers in the city of Banjarmasin. the indirect relationship through work discipline is greater than the value of the direct influence of transformational leadership on the professionalism of public high school teachers in the city of banjarmasin

The COVID-19 pandemic brought drastic changes in various institutions worldwide. This descriptive phenomenological study aimed to explorethe challenges and successes encountered by working students during the pandemic. This study involved ten (10) participants, composed of (1) the student officially enrolled in UM Digos College for the AY 2021 - 2022. (2) The student comes from the Department of Teacher Education, specifically in the Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd) program. (3) That the student has atleast 1-year residency in the program/institution. (4) That the student is working during the pandemic period. Personal experiences of working students were gathered through an in-depth online interview, with the utilization of google meet and messenger, with the help of research questionnaires and open-ended and close-ended questions to qualify the dataneeded. Colaizzis data analysis approach was utilized in this study. The results revealed that working students had issues adjusting to the blended online learning setting. To ensure their financial independence, students often work while attending classes. The accomplishment of students taking courses currently offered online or in a blended format. As a result, students feel more accountable for their decisions and actions. Working students acquire knowledge and generate concepts they can apply to improve their personal lives and problem-solving abilities.

The challenges brought by global aging make countries begin to pay attention to and pay attention to the role of deferred retirement initiatives. At present, Chinas social medical insurance system has not been reformed, and the retirement age policy formulated in the 1950s obviously does not meet the needs of Chinas economic development. China is in urgent need of a new delayed retirement policy. In this paper, using 2014 CLHLS data, the study found that working age affects the health of the elderly, and there is a negative correlation between age and health. According to the findings, the social medical insurance system has a favourable impact on the health of the elderly, and there is no direct evidence that it can reduce the mortality rate. The social health insurance system and the proposal to postpone retirement interact with one another.

Madrasah Aliyah is institution education characteristic general typical of Islam. Islamic Religious Education in madrasas is faced with various problems from various parties, especially those related to educational materials, as well as the low quality of human resources. Supervisors have roles and responsibilities and full authority to carry out education, assessment, technical and administrative guidance in educational units, as well as increase quality education. The focus of this paper is policy Group Work Superintendent (POKJAWAS) madrasah in increase quality Islamic education. For That methodology used in study this use methodology qualitative with type study studies case. Data collection techniques are carried out with method observation, interview depth, and documentation. On research this used technique data analysis in the form of analysis interactive. This model consists on three component that is data reduction, data presentation, and withdrawal conclusion. Research results this is Policy POKJAWAS madrasah in increase quality Islamic education in Banjarnegara Regency in the form of policies are long-term, policies period medium, and policy period short.

The orientation of this article is to seek the meaning of Pancasila in the tradition of subak management in Bali. Subak is a form of cultural heritage of agricultural management in Balinese society that has been recognized as a world cultural heritage. However, no researcher has revealed anything about subak as a cultural heritage of the Indonesian nation. In this problem, doubts arise about the existence of Pancasila values in the Subak management tradition. The problems center on: 1) What is the meaning of pancasila in the tradition of subak management?. This problem has been tried to be solved by using qualitative methods. Primary data was obtained through observations of Subak in Bali. Secondary data was successfully collected through a literature study. All data were analyzed qualitatively and interpretatively with a semiotic approach. The results of the study show: there is a positive correlation between Pancasila values and Balinese cultural values, which are part of the management of the subak tradition in relation to food security efforts. The values of Pancasila are reflected in the practice of religious values, ecological balance values, structural unity values, economic values, legal values, security values, and technological values in managing the Subak tradition for inheritance to the next generation of Balinese people as one of the children of the Indonesian nation. The results of appreciating these values have been beneficial for the Balinese in handling conflicts and technical errors related to traditional agricultural practices with the subak system for food security. If the handling of agricultural practice problems in the subak system proves to be unfair but still has a positive meaning, it can be understood that the results of the appreciation of religious values, ecological balance values, structural unity values, technological values, economic values, and security values by Balinese people are very good and culturally influential.

This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect correlation between authentic leadership, organizational climate and organizational commitment to teacher job satisfaction in Public Elementary Schools in the Tapin Tengah District, Tapin Regency. The method used in this research is a quantitative research method. The population of this study was 154 teachers with a sample of 112 teachers. The data collection instrument is a questionnaire that has fulfilled the validity and reliability test requirements. Data analysis to test the hypothesis using path analysis (path analysis). The results of this study are that there is a direct correlation: (1) authentic leadership of the principal and job satisfaction of 0.298, (2) organizational climate and job satisfaction of 0.386, (3) organizational commitment and job satisfaction of 0.352, (4) authentic leadership of the principal and organizational climate of 0.715, (5) authentic leadership of school principals and organizational commitment of 0.668 and indirect correlations: (6) authentic leadership of principals and job satisfaction through organizational climate of 0.271, (7) authentic leadership of principals and teacher job satisfaction through organizational commitment of 0.231.

This study aims to determine the causes of budgetary slack and the impact it has on government agencies so that in the future a policy can be developed that can reduce the occurrence of Revenue and expenditure budgetary slack . This research is a qualitative research using the case study method. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews, observation, and documentation at Bureau X Ministry of Y. The results of this study indicated that budgetary slack occurred due to: first, receivables that were not included in the calculation of revenue targets, second, time constraints in preparing the budget, third, changes in government policies that creating uncertainty in the implementation of work, fourthly limited human resources, fifthly dynamics in budget execution, and sixthly there is performance appraisal. In this case, it was found that the impact arising from budgetary slack was the potential for inefficient spending and a lack of motivation to achieve the revenue target as indicated by the presence of receivables. The strategy implemented to reduce budgetary slack is the existence of guidelines in preparing the budget, setting priority scales in spending, employee participation in preparing the budget, and the existence of budget research and reviews.

Discourses are defined as ideas conveyed by humans through language using a series of sentences in a co-text and context. Co-text is the cohesive and coherent relationship between a series of written words, phrases, sentences, in a paragraph. Generally, the contexts are understood more broadly even beyond the boundaries of language, therefore, it is considered non- linguistic. It is also the circumstances behind an idea used as a reference for understanding language expression. In colonial discourse, ideas are conveyed through narrative texts which express the real situation and time of the existing reality. Similarly, the use of discourse markers in the form of words, phrases, or sentences also represents the condition of the real context that is socio- historical and socio-cultural. This article, therefore, discusses the concept of context in texts with the application of colonial discourse projected from Indies Literary.

Interdisciplinary studies in music education research can integrate various disciplines that can help enrich the understanding of fine arts, mathematics, and philosophy. In terms of fine arts, this approach can help students understand the relationship between fine arts and music to enrich their experience in understanding and producing works of art. In terms of mathematics, mathematical elements found in music theory can be applied in music education, so that students can understand how mathematical principles can be applied in the arts. In terms of philosophy, an understanding of ontology, epistemology as well as axiology can help students consider the meaning and value of musical artworks. Interdisciplinary study in music research implies that students can gain a richer and more multidimensional learning experience, and develop skills and understanding that are holistic and beneficial to their future lives.

The assurance of human rights to a healthy and high-quality life is intrinsically linked to the ecological environment and the state policies governing this domain. This article advocates for the essentiality of directly embedding a range of norms from international legal documents concerning ecology and natural resource management into the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The aim is to establish a firm and cohesive stance on the fundamental principles of environmental protection in concert with the global community. The proposed international norms will lay the groundwork for contemporary principles and mechanisms in formulating a national strategy and shaping the internal ecological legislation within the Republic of Uzbekistan. Furthermore, the article explores the potential benefits and challenges of integrating these norms into the national legal framework, examining the role of international cooperation and the ways in which Uzbekistan can contribute to global environmental conservation efforts.

The variety of natural resources that Indonesia owns are a resource that can be utilised as the foundational capital for Indonesian growth.Natural resources, when used wisely, may provide prosperity and harmony to humanity. An inventive attitude in the transformation of natural products into inventive goods results in a necessary economic activity. Processing organic cassava into Ariesta Bali cassava flour is a social entrepreneurship activity developed in the village of Wuasa, Central Sulawesi. The main objective of this social enterprise endeavor is to enhance the welfare of the people of Wuasa village, namely by increasing the economic income of farmers. The purpose of this study is to develop a business plan for the Ariesta Bali organic cassava flour factory that will be established in Wuasa village and to assess the economic and social implications of the business plan for the communitys welfare. It is based on social entrepreneurship. The results of this study demonstrate that the business plan for Ariesta Balis organic cassava flour meets the four investment feasibility criteria and advises the companys owner to implement the plan. Subsequent research reveals that this business plan has social and economic effects on the Wuasa village communitys welfare, particularly with regard to the social entrepreneurship aspect.

Indonesia, with abundant diversity, encompasses a diverse array of ethnicities, cultures, languages, and religions, presenting both advantages and vulnerabilities. Exploiting these diversity and religious factors, extremist groups disrupt national harmony due to a lack of proper understanding of religious doctrine. The escalating intolerance and fanaticism, particularly in Java, Indonesia, pose a clear and imminent threat, resulting in violations of freedom of religion and endangering the preservation of cultural diversity. To delve into these issues and underscore the significance of countering religious extremism, this study employs a qualitative research methodology. The studys findings encompass four key discussions: the disruption of culture caused by religious extremism, the utilization of the Javanese cultural value "tepa selira" to promote religious tolerance, the understanding of religious values and tolerance as fundamental elements for fostering peace amidst diversity, and the instilling Pancasila values to prevent religious extremism. In conclusion, effective measures to counter religious extremist ideologies involve promoting tolerance in education, reinforcing Pancasilas values, empowering societal figures, and fostering collaboration between the government, law enforcement agencies, and individuals. These efforts should focus on instilling peaceful religious guidance and embracing the principles of Pancasila throughout the Indonesian people, thereby effectively preventing the proliferation of religious extremism.

This survey research presents the process of the study more spacing: “Difficulties in learning pronunciation of English- majored freshmen at Tay Do University”. This research is conducted to figure out common problems in learning pronunciation of the students majoring in English. This research is conducted to figure out common problems in learning pronunciation of the dents majoring in English. In the research, the participants in this study are 30 students in class 16A English majored freshmen at Tay Do University. The two main instruments of the research are questionnaire and interview. The results of this research will point out the students’ difficulties in attitude, motivation, word stress, intonation and accent, etc. Therefore, this research also helps students recognize problems and they can easily find solutions to improve their pronunciation skills.

Purporse :This study examined the urban policing paradox in Uganda with specific regard to how rapid urbanisation poses challenges for policing and urban peace enforcement in Kampala city. The specific objectives of this study were to explore the crimes accompanying rapid urbanisation in Kampala city; examine the role of the Uganda Police Force in urban policing and peace enforcement in Kampala city; analyse the challenges of urban policing and peace enforcement in Kampala city and finally explore the current responses by the Uganda Police Force in enhancing urban peace enforcement in Kampala city. The study employed two theories:the social contract and broken windows. Methodology : Different materials and sources were used during data collection, which included documentary reviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Findings :The study found out that Kampala city remains a vulnerable place to urban insecurity primarily due to an ever increasing population, coupled with the challenges that hinder effective policing in the city. Population increase in Kampala was found out to be leading to an exponential increase in the number of slums and informal settlements which breed criminality in the city. Among the common crimes were theft, drug abuse, forgery, domestic violence, murder, cybercrimes especially fordgery and terrorism. The relationship between crime and urbanization in Kampala city included an ever increasing population, informal settlements, inadequate planning, corruption and logistical challenges within the Uganda Police Force. However, the study revealed that the Uganda Police Force has made various milestones like the CCTV Cameras, forensics capabilities , 999 communication system, in promoting peace and security in Kampala city.

Although nature-based learning (NBL) contributes to the development of students, its inclusion in elementary schools is inconsistent. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore elementary administrators’ perspectives of and experiences with NBL, its support of elementary student development, and its inclusion in elementary schools’ curricula and design. A basic qualitative design was used to capture the insights of 10 elementary administrators through semistructured interviews. Emergent themes were identified through open coding, and the findings were developed and checked for trustworthiness through member checking, rich descriptions, and researcher reflexivity. The findings revealed that NBL is supportive of child development and builds experiential learning but is not widely used.

This article shows the existence of a trade-off between the economy and safety in the acceptance of the New Normal Policy for the tourism industry. To prove the existence of the trade-off, path analysis was used to test the mediating effect of the Economic Impact of Pandemic Covid-19 in the prediction of Acceptance Toward New-Normal Policy with the Danger of The Pandemic Covid-19 as the predictor. The result shows that mediation exists, thus trade-off also exists. It means that in the current Pandemic Covid-19 situation, people prefer the economy more than health and safety since they understand that the NewNormal Policy will ensure their health and safety while pursuing the economy. This article contributes to presenting a different method for measuring trade-offs, other than Discreet Choice Experiments (DCE) which is widely used as a method to measure trade-offs. Having proved that trade-off exists, this article recommended that government should always educate the citizen about the danger of the pandemic. This is important so that they will pursue the economy safely and responsibly.

The people of Taiwan have pioneered and developed in Taiwan for 400 years with Confucianism, a Chinese national culture, as their regular proper path. Confucianism, as the mainstream of traditional Chinese culture, has carried many important responsibilities in determining the direction of Taiwans cultural development. Confucianism in Taiwan after the Restoration has emerged as official Confucianism and folk Confucianism with different orientations of purpose. We interpret official Confucianism and folk Confucianism through historical narratives, and summarize the experience of the development of Confucian thought in Taiwan since the Restoration, as well as the dialectical imagery between it and tradition and modernization. In the process of modernizing Confucianism in Taiwan after the Restoration, a paradigm shift in research has occurred, i.e., a shift from political interpretation to a literary-historical interpretive research paradigm, and a shift from discussing politics with history to talking about history with history.

The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) are put into practice by the Department of Education (DepEd). It aimed to increase students’ degree of resilience to natural disasters by integrating Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) into the curricula and other educational programs. This study was conducted to assess the disaster preparedness and related knowledge among Senior High School students of Del Pilar National High School in Cabadbaran City. A total of 120 respondents from Grades 11 and Grade 12 were subjected to the study. An adapted and modified survey questionnaire was utilized to collect the data. A five-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the responses. The results obtained high disaster preparedness (WM- 3.88) and disaster-related-knowledge indicators (WM- 3.53) with its verbal interpretation of Prepared. This indicates a helpful indicator that the students in the study area were equipped with disaster management. While a significant correlation P< 0.0001 between age to disaster preparedness and related knowledge has been obtained. This indicates a strong relationship that age is an important factor in influencing disaster management. Further, results obtained from a high level of participants showed related knowledge, preparedness, and awareness of disasters associated with the use of effective, safe, and standardized methods. Employing the study emphasizes readiness, and resiliency while assessing the knowledge among the students in responding to the disaster. Thus, it presented information for students to improve and sustain their level of disaster preparedness to ensure safety on the school premises.

Learning skills models for children with special needs (ABK) in recent years have been widely developed. The model is oriented towards the development of self-help skills and vocational abilities (economic skills) so that ABK can achieve independence of adaptability. In addition to being able to serve coffee, a barista must have the skills to recognize, differentiate and compare types of coffee products. The purpose of this study is to develop supporting technologies in the formation of coffee sensory skills for deaf people. This type of research is developing supporting facilities in the form of array technology of sensory sensors as work electrodes, reference electrodes, data acquisition systems, and artificial intelligence (AI) systems that connect to computers or Android smartphones wirelessly. Technology trials were conducted on 20 deaf people under the auspices of the AORA special education and skills institute. The technology developed is tailored to the needs of various types of identical flavors in coffee such as bitter, salty, sour, sweet, and savory. The target of achieving RIIMs target product from this research activity is to create coffee sensory technology to support barista training for deaf people in AORAs special education and skills institutions. Research outputs other than appropriate technology, activity reports, product patents, tool use modules and reputable international journals.

This study aimed to examine the influence of learning media variation and smartphone distractions towards students learning interests. The research approach is quantitative research. The population of this study were 461 students from Stella Duce 2 Yogyakarta High School. The sample in this study were 233 students who were taken by purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from March to April 2023 using a questionnaire that was adopted by prior research and analyzed using a multiple regression analysis. The results of this study showed that: 1) there is a positive influence of learning media variation towards students learning interest, 2) there is a negative influence of smartphone distraction towards student’s learning interest.

The main objective of this study was to improve female student’s academic performance in Gununo general secondary school in economics subject. To achieve this objective the study used different techniques. To collect the needed data, purposive sampling were employed, structured questionnaire were prepared and distributed to sampled female students. The main findings of data were, according to the data collected from sampled respondent, many female students responded that, their academic performance is influenced by various factors, among them; their attitude towards the subject, the chance they have got from their teachers, the encouragement of they got from their teachers, interest of the female students to the subject etc. The researcher concluded from their response is to advice students about the subject, giving tutorial, and giving chance to speak and ask questions freely in the classroom. Generally, to improve their academic performance of female students in economics class, the study used different techniques. These techniques were giving equal chance with male students in the class, increasing their attitude, decreasing their low interest etc.

Mining in Indonesia provides great economic benefits, but can also cause negative impacts in the form of environmental damage. Attention to mining, apart from its negative impacts, is also related to the public interest, namely the right of everyone to a good and healthy environment (Article 65 paragraph 1 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law). CV Kayon needs to pay attention to the principle of public interest for the surrounding community by conducting mediation to produce a consensus decision that provides benefits for both parties. The implementation of the principle of public interest is the main thing that must be done by CV Kayon so that the Sindumartani Village community does not reject the sand mining that will be carried out, but of course, it must pay attention to the rights, wishes, local wisdom of the community and prioritize the benefits that can be provided, on the one hand, the Environmental Impact Analysis (AMDAL) that CV Kayon already has needs to be socialized to the community, so that the community knows what kind of impact it will have and environmental preservation after mining activities have been carried out.

Educational leadership may be a significant role in determining a schools performance. The study determined to correlate administrators leadership practices and the teachers performance in the Division of Bukidnon. It also assessed the significant correlation between teachers performance and leadership practices of the school administrators under the School-Based Management (SBM). The research design used in this study was descriptive-correlational. Quantitative and qualitative means were employed to achieve the objectives of this research. Stratified random sampling using Cochran’s formula determined the sample size of the study with a total of 266 respondents. Descriptive statistics, Pearson r moment correlation coefficient, Analysis of Variance, and T- test were used in the analysis of data. The findings of the study revealed that in terms of sex, age, number of years as school administrator, and highest educational attainment have significant difference in the performance of the school administrators under the SBM. There was a significant relationship between the leadership practices of school administrators and the school performance. Problems were identified by the school administrators during the focused group discussion. They were the following: lack of stakeholder support, lack of data or resources, lack of financial resources and confusion as to what specific roles to take under the SBM. These problems were addressed in making an action development plan. The study proved the workings of General System Theory applied to the three variables such as the school administrators practices, teachers performance, and the school performance. There is interplay of these three variables in the sense that the practices of the school administrators affected the performance of the teachers and both the school administrators practices and teachers performance influenced the overall performance of the school. The study also proved Hallingers findings there is a strong correlation between leadership practices and teachers performance in the school.

The aim of this study is to analyse the possible consequences of Recep Tayyip Erdogans 2023 electoral success in Turkey on the bilateral relations between Türkiye and India. Since 2003, Erdogan has been an influential figure in Turkish politics, known for his assertive leadership style and nationalist policies. The outcomes of his recent electoral victory have sparked noteworthy curiosity regarding its implications on Turkeys foreign policy, particularly in the context of Türkiye-India bilateral relationship. The research methodology employed in this study is qualitative in nature, and it involves an extensive examination of scholarly articles, news, reports, and official statements from both nations. This paper analyses the fundamental elements of the bilateral relations between Türkiye and India, encompassing political, economic, and cultural aspects. Additionally, it evaluates the potential impact of Erdogans victory on each of these domains. The firstly, Erdogans victory can further strengthen his power in Turkey. So, it is possible that Erdogans views on Kashmir, Indian Muslims and Palestine may effect Turkeys foreign policy towards India. Secondly, trade and investment between Turkey and India has grown significantly for the last few years. However, Erdogans victory could lead to economic uncertainty in Turkey, which could affect bilateral trade and investment, economic experts said. Lastly, cultural and people-to-people contacts have strengthened Türkiye-India relations. However, Erdogans domestic policies promoting Turkish nationalism and conservative beliefs may alter Turkeys social and cultural dynamics. While Erdogans victory could transform Turkey-India relations, domestic and international variables will determine their fate. The study recommends that Indian policymakers closely monitor Turkeys foreign policy under Erdogan and engage in active diplomacy to maintain constructive dialogue to ensure that potential differences do not undermine historical ties and mutual interests.

China has the largest group of elderly people in the world. With the deepening of aging in China, having a healthy lifestyle is an indispensable key factor to achieve healthy aging. In order to explore the health status and the influencing factors of the health status of the elderly in China, this paper takes the healthy behaviors characteristics of the elderly in China as the research object and uses the data of the Chinese general social survey (CGSS) in 2021 to study the health status of the elderly and the influencing factors of healthy behaviors on their healthy lifestyle. It is found that sports and mental health behaviors have a positive and significant impact on their healthy lifestyle. Based on the conclusion, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions in order to further improve the health level and health awareness of the elderly, and improve the elderlys quality of life.

Most Indonesians today are still trapped in a patriarchal culture, especially when it comes to sexual harassment cases. Where it is assumed that women victims of sexual harassment (women victims) play a main role in inviting the perpetrators of crime, beginning with the victims clothing, behavior, and even their sexuality is considered seductive. Not only are the perpetrators punished, but the victim is blamed or blames the perpetrators. This article employs several paradigms and reveals its discussion in viewing cases of blaming the victims in sexual harassment cases in Indonesia, such as: (1) conducting studies based on muted group theory or silent group theory; (2) the mass media plays a role as a form of public opinion on rape cases with denotative editorial meaning, which leads to the theory of gender feminism; and (3) massive behavior of blaming sexual harassment victims in order to save victims from their example, and strive for the government is urged to be serious and responsive in addressing the problem of sexual violence, as well as to build a literate society in guarding all forms of narratives against female victims in cases of sexual violence, in order to reduce victim blaming, which harms the victim both physically and mentally.

Since the Dutch colonial era, Indonesia has had drug-related regulations. Drug use was controlled with special licenses for people of Chinese descent who contributed financially through the opium trade. After Indonesias independence, regulations on the production, use, and distribution of dangerous drugs were issued. In the 1970s, drug abuse increased, and the government responded with laws regulating illicit drug trafficking and imposing severe criminal sanctions, including the death penalty. During the Reformasi era, the crackdown on drugs became more assertive. BNN was established in 2002, and regulations continue to be revised to tackle the complex drug problem. Law No. 35/2009 became the legal foundation that imposed the death penalty to curb the spread of drugs in Indonesia. Singapore has faced a growing drug problem since the early 19th century. To control drugs, Singapore implemented various regulations, such as the New Dangerous Drugs Ordinance and Regulations in 1951 and the Misuse of Drugs Acts (MDA) in 1973. Severe penalties are imposed on drug dealers and users. Public education and criminalization are used to prevent drug abuse. Singapore applies harsh measures, including the death penalty for drug traffickers. The Misuse of Drugs Act sets drug quantity thresholds for trafficking and possession, with varying penalties, including fines, imprisonment, and even the death penalty. The Act authorizes officers to conduct searches and urine tests on suspected drug offenders. Singaporeans support tough drug laws as drug use is considered a moral and social evil.

This study examined and measured the effectiveness of a triangle congruency (tricon) learning guide in improving the proving skills of Grade 8 learners at Lecheria Integrated School. Quantitative research methodology, namely Quasi Experimental Research Design, was used in this study. To select participants, match pairing techniques were used. There were two groups of students in this study: the experimental group and the comparison group. The students in the experimental group were handed out PIVOT module by DEPED together with the learning guide as supplementary material. Students in the comparison group were handed out PIVOT module only. Mean and standard deviation were used to assess participants performance in formative testing, pretest, and posttest. Similarly, the independent t-test was used to evaluate the significant difference between the two groups pretest and posttest scores, and Cohens d was employed to assess the effect size or quantify the size of the difference between two test results. The studys main findings were evident. It was found out that the pretest mean score of the experimental group and comparison group were the same. The experimental group received higher points in their posttest after gathering all the relevant data. As a result, a considerable distinction between two groups was discovered. The findings revealed that learners who utilized the learning guide as supplementary material were more likely to improve their proving skills. The researcher recommended using this learning guide as supplementary material to enhance students ability in terms of their proving skills. The results of the study revealed that students in the experimental group did better than those in the comparison group. This showed that the results implied that using a Triangle Congruency (TriCon) Learning Guide might assist students improve their academic performace (proving skills) in Mathematics.

The purpose of this article was to find out the form of the Sang Hyang Kelor ritual in Bali. The ritual of Sang Hyang kelor is known as dewa yadnya. However, this ritual seems to be preserved only by the people of Lembongan Village. The problems are: 1) What is the form of the Sang Hyang Kelor Ritual?; 2) What is the meaning of the Sang Hyang Kelor Ritual in Lembongan society?; 3) Is the Sanghyang Kelor Ritual educational?. This research was completed using qualitative methods. Sanghyang rituals implied in literacy about Bali have been collected through literature studies. Primary data about the Sang Hyang Kelor Ritual has been obtained through observation and interviews with informants in Lembongan village. All data were analysed qualitatively using symbol theory. The results showed that : 1) the Sang Hyang Kelor Ritual is a Hindu ritual using the properties of Moringa leaves in a series of ceremonies that are beautified by dance movements and song accompaniment; 2) the Sang Hyang Kelor Ritual has religious meaning, educational meaning, social meaning, and cultural meaning; and 3) the Sang Hyang Kelor Ritual is one that is considered by the perpetrator to have contributed to building concern for the physical environment, parental concern for their daughters, discipline, tolerance, respect for others, responsibility, and love for the motherland in the Lembongan community.

Global population aging is deepening, and how to reduce the proportion of aging population is an issue of importance for every country. This paper uses literature research method to combine Maslows hierarchy of needs theory and current policies by searching literature with theoretical works on coping with population aging, followed by analysis and research. The analysis and comparison reveals that Maslows hierarchy of needs theory and current policies on population aging match, as well as the longer the course of population aging, the higher the hierarchy of needs, but most countries are currently at the third level of the theory, with few policies at higher levels.

Problem-solving skills and literacy skills are two abilities that are important for students to master in this century. Appropriate strategies must be applied by the teacher for students to master both skills properly. This study aims to determine the effect of applying blended problem-based learning to improve students problem-solving skills and scientific literacy skills. The research was conducted on 96 students of class XI at the secondary level. The study was conducted in two groups which were given different treatments. The group that is taught uses blended problem-based learning and the group without blended problem- based learning. There are two findings from this study indicating that 1) the group that was taught using blended problem-based learning obtained an average score of problem-solving skills that was higher than the average value of students without blended problem-based learning and, 2) literacy skills were obtained with a higher average high in the group that was studied using blended problem-based learning. Blended problem-based learning has a positive impact and strong influence on improving problem-solving skills and scientific literacy.

Business competition cannot be avoided any more if you decide to be involved in the business sector. However, business competition is only sometimes carried out automatically, fair and healthy. There are still many business actors who compete unfairly by justifying any means to be able to maintain their business. One is for brands prone to piracy, which are identification marks of a product/service. Therefore, legal protection of brands needs to be done to obtain legal certainty. The research method used in this paper is normative legal research, which is carried out by studying literature using secondary data to solve existing problems. In Indonesia, legal protection for marks can obtain legal certainty if they are successfully registered with the Director General of Intellectual Property Rights (HKI) using the first-to-file principle regulated in the Law on Trademarks and Geographical Indications. It differs slightly from the US trademark protection system, which uses the principle of use in commerce and requires the trademark owner to register the trademark with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) under the Lanham Act.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of the variable Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Operational Cost of Operational Income (BOPO) on the Profitability of PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. The period used in this study amounted to 7 years, starting from 2012 to 2018. This research was obtained through secondary data sourced from PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. This study uses the documentation method obtained from financial statements published on the official website of PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, which is www.bni.co.id. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that CAR, LDR and BOPO simultaneously had an effect on profitability. CAR had no significant positive effect on profitability, LDR had an effect on positive and significant towards profitability and BOPO has a negative effect and significant for profitability.

The tourism, restaurant and hotel industries are among the sectors that have been hit hardest by the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. This was proven by a decrease of 5.32% due to the decreasing purchasing power of the people and concerns about government regulations regarding large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) which had an impact on many companies going out of business. These conditions resulted in companies engaged in the hotel, tourism and restaurant sector experiencing enormous losses so that they could no longer survive or what is referred to as financial distress. This study aims to analyze the financial distress of companies impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, including hotels, tourism and restaurants using a quantitative descriptive research method. The data collection technique uses purposive sampling and the data used is secondary data in the form of published financial reports for the period 2019 – 2021. Data analysis uses the Altman Z-Score discriminant ratio model. From the tests that have been carried out there are various companies. And for companies that are consistently in a safe area, including FAST, MINA, NASA, PGJO, PSKT, and PZZA.

The aim of this study is to analyze the technologies which are currently being used in foreign language teaching and learning English as an applied language at the university level based on the findings of the detected experimental studies. The PRISMA criteria for systematic reviews and meta-analyses were compiled in the methodology. The findings of the experimental studies shown the lack of innovative technologies, such as chatbots or virtual reality (VR) devices, which are commonly utilized in foreign language (FL) education. Furthermore, mobile apps are primarily concerned with the acquisition of foreign language vocabulary. The findings shown that foreign language teachers might allegedly understand the latest technology devices, such as neural machine translation, they do not combine them accurately in their teaching process. As a result, this study indicates that teachers should be educated and know how to employ them in their foreign language lessons as well as traditional instruction in order to determine which skills or structures of language could have been created as a result of their use. Additionally, it is suggested that further experimental studies must be conducted to explicate the evidence and how useful it is in teaching a foreign language as an applicable language.

Online media provides a place to advertise on several parts of the online media page. Paid online media or subscriptions business model aims to present content free of ads and clickbait so that readers can enjoy content in the best way possible without being disturbed by advertisements and content of higher quality, from content to packaging or the appearance of the content itself. Another challenge facing the media industry is the presence of digital platforms. As well as changing how media do business, digital platforms are also a means of spreading news. The media industry must adapt to technological developments and determine the direction of free to digital only subscriptions. The quality of journalism is the foremost and most important thing for the mass media. The acceleration of news on social media has also resulted in online media forgetting news content and only focusing on what their readers want to get as many clicks as possible without considering the quality of the news. In Indonesia, one of online media Kumparanplus, especially the Special Report, the news is packaged in-depth. The appropriate investigation aims to determine how the mass media carry out investigative practices. Packaging becomes more exclusive by looking at selection strategies, colorful designs, descriptive, prominence, and linking facts into the news to make it more meaningful, engaging and memorable to lead audiences according to their perspective.

Indonesia, which is a member of the Southeast Asian region called the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), must have a duty and role to prevent Cyber Pornography of children in the Southeast Asian region. In this research, a normative juridical research method is used with a political law study approach. Indonesias role in preventing Transnational Cyber Pornography of Children in the Southeast Asian Region Viewed from the Political Approach of Law is by ratifying the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography into Law Number 10 of 2012, then Indonesia also became a country that followed The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women and against Children, which was approved in 2013 which aims to encourage regional cooperation in supporting national level actions in ending violence against children, especially the crime of Cyber Pornography in ASEAN. Indonesia also followed the follow-up of The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women and against Children in 2013, namely the ASEAN National Action Plan on the Elimination of Violence against Children 2016-2025, held a 2012 Conference through ECPAT Indonesias Agency on child protection attended by ASEAN countries. Indonesia was also represented by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission and ECPAT attended the German Southeast Asian Center of Excellence for Public Policy and Good Governance (CPG) Conference located at the Faculty of Law, Thammasat University in Thailand, the purpose of this conference was to address the problem of child pornography and the conclusion of this conference required cross-country and cross-regional cooperation in combating child pornography. Suggestions that can be given are revamping the rules (making special international treaties) and the need for cross- border child pornography crimes to be designated as serious and extraditable crimes.