The aim of this study was to test the performance of Bitter Leaf (Vernonia Amygdalina) ethanol extract as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1.5 M H2SO4 solution.

This study examines how two anionic dyes, AR-27 and AY-23, behave when solubilized in micellar environments containing cetyltrimethylam-monium ammonium bromide (CTABr) enhanced with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). UV-Visible spectroscopy technique have been utilized quantitatively to explores the solubilization process, estimating factors like binding constant, ????, partition coefficients (????), Gibbs energy of binding (?????), and Gibbs energy of partition, (?????). In addition, electrical conductivity at different temperatures have been employed to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant and to calculate thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (?????), entropy (?????), and Gibbs energy of micellization (?????) in the presence of the dyes and NH4Cl. Notably, the study reveals that AR-27 exhibits greater favorability and spontaneity in solubilization and binding compared to AY-23 when NH4Cl is introduced. Experimental findings suggest that the solubilization process is characterized by exothermicity, spontaneity, and enthalpy-driven mechanisms. This study emphasizes the significance of comprehending the interactions that exist between dyes and surfactants, stresses the necessity of optimizing the NH4Cl concentration and, in the end, and provides insightful information for effectively incorporating dyes into micellar solutions.

This study investigated the potential of five entomopathogenic fungal isolates for controlling the Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), known as fall armyworm (FAW), a devastating agricultural pest. The findings demonstrate a remarkable impact on the mortality rate of eggs, neonates, and larvae, highlighting their potential as eco-friendly biocontrol agents. Beauveria bassiana exhibited the most potent effect, significantly reducing hatchability to 40.9, 73.3, and 87.8% at 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 spores/mL, respectively, followed by Metarhizium anisopliae M4 (31.5%, 51.4%, and 77.6%). In addition, both B. bassiana and M. anisopliae M4 has the highest neonatal mortality of 58.9 and 45.5% at 1 × 108 spores/mL, respectively. B. bassiana and M. anisopliae M4 caused cumulative mortality, including 92.4 and 82.2% mortality of eggs and neonates, respectively, at 1 × 108 spores/mL. Similarly, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae M4 caused the highest second instar larvae mortality by 44.9 and 35.7%, respectively. However, no significant effect was found on pupal formation. Furthermore, compared with the control treatment, both B. bassiana and M. anisopliae M4 significantly reduced relative consumption rate and conversion of ingested food.

The serious environmental and public health problems caused by the overconsumption of fossil fuels necessitate the development of sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Promising approaches to achieve these goals include bioethanol and biochemicals derived from plant biomass. However, their production requires efficient cellulose hydrolysis, which is the primary component of lignocellulosic waste. In this study, the potential of pineapple peel- a widely consumed fruit and a source of lignocellulosic waste- was evaluated as a feedstock for glucose production. Simultaneously, we addressed the issue of environmental litter generated by discarded pineapple peels. Cellulose was isolated from pineapple peel using thermogravimetric analysis, followed by hydrolysis with 0.5 M H2SO4 at different temperatures (40-80 °C) and times (0-30 min). Glucose yield was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and the kinetics and thermodynamics of the hydrolysis reaction were modelled. The glucose yield increased with temperature, reaching 72.3 ± 2.1% at 80 °C and 30 min. The hydrolysis reaction followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model with an activation energy of 5.4 ± 0.3 kJ/mol. The cellulose content of pineapple peel was 30.1 ± 0.5%. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and potential of pineapple peel as a sustainable source of glucose for bioethanol and biochemical.

This study presents a fixed-bed column adsorptive behavior of Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) adsorbent for Methylene blue dyes. The adsorbent was characterized using XRD and EDX. Effect of parameters such as influent concentrations, volumetric flow rate, and bed height for the column study are explored. The Yoon-Nelson, Thomas, and Adam-Bohart models were used to predict breakthrough curves. The results showed a-Si3N4 as the main adsorbent phase with Silicon and Nitrogen as the main elements. A column capacity (47.01 mg/g) was reported at optimal values of 4 mL/min, 7 cm and 50 mg/L. Column dynamic modeling analysis revealed that Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models best fitted the breakthrough curves than Adam-Bohart model. The column performance using spiked water samples Athi showed that Si3N4 adsorbent had a lower efficacy than in a model solution with the maximum column adsorption capacity of 38.92 ± 0.04 mg/g. The results revealed the potential of Si3N4 adsorbent for decontamination of MB dyes from wastewater.

Kisspeptin peptides are the products of kiss1 gene that offer their activities via G protein-coupled receptor known as GPR54. The GPR54-Kiss1 pathway has an essential role in initiation and controlling the mammalian fertility. This interactive pathway affects the fertility of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). To increase our knowledge, this study was aimed to analyze the molecular interaction and the heterologous expression of an amplified mutated form of kisspeptin from PCOS patient. The molecular interaction of an amplified Kiss1 exon3 product with GPR54 receptor was analyzed by molecular docking computational method. Using His tag-based recombinant technology, the heterologous expression and production of mutated kisspeptin was examined and reported in Escherichia coli cells. Kisspeptin product was predicted to be strongly interacted to GPR54 receptor molecule with a binding energy of 229.45 kcal/mol and key intermolecular interactions including hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic attraction. The results related to expression analysis showed that the growth of recombinant bacteria is considerably affected by about 48% as compare to non-recombinants. The high affinity interactive pattern between mutated kisspeptin, receptor protein, and its inhibitory effect on cell growth as novel results may affect the physiology and etiology of fertility and PCOS conditions that needs to be identified by further investigations.

In the quest for sustainable waste management, this study investigates the eco-friendly valorization of food waste (FW) and cattle rumen contents (CRC) into valuable resources via anaerobic co-digestion (AcD). The process is enhanced by the addition of locally sourced biochar (LSB), serving as an exogenous additive. The LSB efficacy as a biomass utilization enhancer and adsorbent was assessed, particularly on biogas production efficiency. The AcD was performed in a sealed cylindrical column for 36 days, with the biogas yield quantified through water displacement in an inverted cylinder. The apex of biogas production was recorded on day 16, with a yield of 0.7244 ml/gVS following the addition of 10 g of LSB. The LSB incorporation was associated with a decrease in physicochemical parameters, indicative of its capacity to degrade or adsorb inhibitory substances, thus boosting biogas production. Kinetic modelling was utilized to simulate the digestion process, employing the first-order kinetic model, modified Gompertz model, and the cone model. The modified Gompertz model exhibited the most accurate fit, as demonstrated by the lowest variance (57.33-225.1%) between the actual and predicted methane yields, along with the highest R2 values (0.913-0.976). These results highlight the potential of LSB to act as a stabilizing agent in AcD, thereby enhancing biogas generation from organic waste.