The ethanolic extracts of S. samarangense leaves were examined for antibacterial activity in vitro using broth microdillution method. The extracts showed effective against Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enterica with MIC (minimum inhibition concentration) value 78 µg/ml and against multi strains of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Kocuria rhizophila with MIC value 2500 µg/mL, 2500 µg/mL and 156 µg/mL. Phytochemical screening of S. samarangense was observed for the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids.

Rice husk has the content of organic and inorganic compounds that have not been utilized maximally, one of them is silica. High silica content in rice husks can be used as an alternative source of potential silica for the synthesis of calcium silicate as a base material of Trioxide Aggregate mineral composites in tooth biocement. In this study, calcium silicate was obtained through two stages of the process, namely silica isolation from rice husk ash by sol-gel method, and reacting between silica and calcium oxide. Silica and calcium oxide are reacted to the mole ratio between silica to calcium oxide of 7:3, 6:4, 4:6, and 3:7. The isolated silica is characterized by the distribution of the size and composition of each element with Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and EDS. The formation of calcium silicate and its size distribution from the synthesis stage is determined by XRD and PSA. The result showed that silica isolation from rice husk ash with sol-gel method obtained silica with content and particle size of 71.6% and 52.82 mm. While the optimum condition of calcium silicate synthesis was achieved at the mole ratio of silica to calcium oxide by 4:6. In the mole ratios obtained calcium silicate type b-dicalcium silicate with an average particle size of 102.2 mm.

Brown rice contains anthocyanin compounds. Antosianin is a natural pigment that gives red color to brown rice. Anthocyanin is an unstable compound, so it is necessary to optimize the extraction method to find out the proper extraction method in obtaining the largest anthocyanin level in brown rice. Optimization of extraction conducted in this study include, solvent, addition of HCl and size of brown rice Measurement of levels in this study using the method of differential pH with visible spectrofotometer tool. Determination of levels that have been done obtained anthocyanin levels on samples of fine methanol rice, intact methanol, 1% HCl 1% methanol and 1% HCl 1% respectively are 0.0591 (mg / 100g), 0.0551 (mg / 100g), 0.1503 (mg / 100g), and 0.1212 (mg / 100g) respectively, . The results obtained by the fine rice samples dissolved with 1% HCl methanol had the highest anthocyanin levels.

Chalcon is a secondary metabolite of the flavonoid group that is found in nature, especially in plants. Kalkon has various activities such as cytotoxic, antiviral, anesthetic, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and so forth. The aim of this research is to know the antibacterial activity of kacco-based derived paracetamol compound by using docking method against bacterial protein Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The results showed that the compound 3- (4-Metoxyphenyl) -N- (4-Chlorophenyl) Acrylamide, 3- (4-Hydroxyphenyl) -N- (4-Chlorophenyl) Acrylamide, and 3- (4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenyl ) -N- (4-Chlorophenyl) Acrylamide showed good activity with an average rmsd-refine score <2. The kalkon derivative binds complex with amino acid bacteria such as Ile 173, Asn 267, Lys A449, Thr 265, and Arg A389.

Cassava peels contained carbon elements about 59.31%, it became the base of using cassava peels as activated carbon. One of utilization of activated carbon was adsorption metal lead. Production of activated carbon was conducted in 3 steps were dehydration, carbonation and activation. Study had been conducted by comparing characteristic of activated carbon without activator and activated carbon with variation of KOH concentration as activator were 0.2 M; 0.4 M and 0.6 M so that could be known the optimal KOH concentration. Characteristic testing was conducted for water content, ash content, adsorption of iodium and adsorption of methylene blue also adsorption of lead metal. Measuring of adsorption metal lead was done by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Experiment result shows activated carbon with KOH 0.4 M has best characteristic by water content 3.79%, ash content 8.09%, adsorption of iodium 863 mg/g and adsorption of methylene blue 3116 mg/g also adsorption of metal lead 98%.

Red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Sunti) is one of the herbs that is widely used as traditional medicine. The present study was to determine the secondary metabolites contained in red ginger rhizome plants and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. A total of 483.2 grams of red ginger powder was extracted by maceration method obtained from ethyl acetate extract 15.85 g. Antibacterial activity of red ginger extract against S. aureus and E. coli using microdilution method showed that ethyl acetate extract could inhibit S. aureus growth by MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) 6.3% and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) 25% and extract Ethyl acetate red ginger rhizome can Minimum MIC (E. Inhibition Concentration) E. coli with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 25% and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) 50%. The results showed that the red ginger rhizome ethyl acetate extract was the most influential and had more potential to inhibit the growth of Gram positive bacteria compared to inhibition of Gram negative.