Peuyeum comes from cassava which is an agricultural commodity that is widely grown in Indonesia as a food which is source of carbohydrates. The types of polysaccharides that compose cassava are starch, cellulose and hemicellulose in the form of xylan. Xylanase is a xylanolytic enzyme that can hydrolyze xylan. The bacteria producingxylanase enzyme has been isolated from peuyeum which is thought to affect the fermentation process. Peuyeum contains starch so that it is one of the sources of the amylase enzyme. But there has never been a study of peuyeum xylanase enzyme screening.The purpose of this study was to isolate xylanase-producing bacteria on peuyeum and identify these bacterial species by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene so that it could become a new source in the search for enzymes. This study consisted of several stages, namely bacterial isolation, xylanase enzyme screening, morphological testing, bacterial DNA isolation, sequencing, bacterial identifikation with the phylogenetic tree method. Xylanase enzyme producing bacteria in peuyeum has been successfully isolated. Based on the results of phylogenetic tree analysis it was found that XF1 bacteria had the closest homology to Bacillus cereus with 99 percent similarity.

Labisia pumila var. alata leaves (LP) with a long history of use folk remedy and endemic to the Malay Archipelago, is now supplied worldwide as ingredient of functional foods and beverages. Minerals and heavy metal concentrations in Labisia pumila var. alata folium (LP) of selected geographic origin based on microwave-assisted sample digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were determined. Fifteen elements comprising minerals (Ba, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, Rb and Zn) and heavy metals (As, Cd and Pb) were analyzed with an inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The highest nutrient concentration was measured in LP from Tilu Mountain (Cu, Na, K, Mg and Zn). The highest values of Ba, Ca, Co, Cr and Fe were detected in LP from Raub. Ni and Rb were highest in LP from Cibeundey Village. As was highest in LP from Raub (0.04 ± 0.00 mg/kg). The highest Pb contents were in LP from Tilu Mountain (2.90 ± 0.10 mg/kg) and LP from Halimunan-Salak Mountain (3.12 ± 0.03 mg/kg), all of which were well within the permissible limits as specified by the U.S. FDA for edible plant parts.

Manufacture of powder metallurgy through the process of electrolysis, resulting in the phenomenon of deposition on the cathode. Electrolysis process produces high purity but many compounds decompose participating will affect its purity. Pulverizing tin (Sn) is done by varying the amount of current (5 A , 6 A and 7 A) and processing time (20 minutes , 25 minutes and 30 minutes) with variable fixed temperature of 50 ° C and solution concentration of 0.01 M. Electrode used is stainless steel 304 as the cathode and tin (Sn) as the anode. Powder tin (Sn) generated reaches 80 % , the most current efficiency is obtained from the current 6 A with a time of 20 minutes and the lowest energy consumption derived from the current of 5 A at 20 , 25 and 30 minutes at 4.6 KWH / kg Sn. From the results obtained are expected to be a material consideration in producing powder tin (Sn).

Waste cooking oil is a waste of frying oil that is containing high free fatty acids (% FFA). The waste could be made to be useful as biodiesel and triacetin. Biodiesel was produced by addition of 4 % (oil weight) activated carbon with stirring for 1hour at 90-100 oC then transesterification of waste cooking oil. The results showed the yield of the biodiesel was 95.28 % with flash point 179oC, water content 0.13 %, acid value 0.59, total glycerol 0.03 %, and the by-product glycerol 10.05 % (oil weight). Triacetin was synthesized by esterification of the glycerol with acetic acid with mol ratio 1 : 7 at 120oC used nitric acid catalyst (5 % glycerol weight). The results showed that the conversion of acetic acid was low, 24.05 %. That showed nitric acid could be a good catalyst in the esterification of triacetin.

Dental plaques are formed by biofilms that cover the surface of the tooth. Biofilm is a mucous layer consisting of millions of bacterial cells, saliva and food scraps. When biofilm formation is out of control, it will easily thicken on the tooth surface called plaque. This biofilm is a good place for colonization and growth of various types of bacteria, one of which is the Sterpotococcus mutans bacteria. S. mutans bacteria can form colonies that are firmly attached to the tooth surface and are cariogenic bacteria that are able to ferment sucrose (carbohydrates) into acid, reduce the pH of the tooth surface and cause tooth mineralization. So for the control of these bacteria, preparations containing antibacterials are used, one of which is natural ingredients, namely Kecombrang. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm. stem extract extracted by solvent based on the level of polarity. Antibacterial activity testing of extracts was divided into 5 groups, namely for n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol extract 20, 40, 60 and 80%, positive control of minosep and negative control (DMSO). The test results showed that E. elatior (Jack) RMSm.) contained secondary metabolites of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids and alkaloids, ethyl acetate extracts with concentrations of 20, 40, 60 and 80%, having strong antibacterial activity against S. mutans of 17.22; 17,55; 17.77 and 18.55 mm, higher than the positive control of Minosep which has antibacterial activity of 16.55 mm.

Betel leaf (Piper betle L) is a medicinal plant. Its essential oil has antibacterial activity of phenolic compounds and theirs derivatives that can inhibit a wide range of bacteria. Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus is a bacteria that can cause strep throat (pharyngitis). This study was conducted to determine how to obtain the essential oil of Betel leaf green (Piper betle L.) using steam-water distillation method and determine the antibacterial activity of essential oils of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) against the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus using wells method. Betel leaf 5 kg isolated using steam-water distillation of essential oils produces as much as 9 mL, yield of 0.135%, a specific gravity of 0.750 g / mL, and the refractive index of 1.337. The results of GC-MS analysis of betel leaf green essential oil obtained 10 Most compounds are compounds chavicol, eugenol, germacrene D, caryophyllen, eugenol acetate, 2-allyphenol, ß-chamigrene, a-cadinene, terpineol, and a-humulene. Based on the test results of the antibacterial activity of betel leaf that the essential oil of betel leaf green (Piper betle L) at the concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% can inhibit the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, the category of barriers weak to moderate for bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes and weak to strong resistance categories for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

In the treatment of infectious diseases, one of the serious problems faced is the occurrence of bacterial resistance to the antibiotics used. The search for new antimicrobial compounds is one of the important research activities, because of the background of the development of resistant bacterial populations. In line with this, the development of new drugs is needed to replace drugs that become resistant. This study aimed to isolate phenol compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of red ginger rhizome (Z. officinale Roscoe var. Sunti), and analyze the results of isolation using UV and FTIR spectrophotometers and test the antibacterial activity of phenol compounds to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The isolation stage was started by macerating the powder with n-hexane solvent then continued maceration using ethyl acetate solvents. After that the ethyl acetate extract was carried out by separation and purification of the compound using the vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), guided gravity chromatography with thin layer chromatography (TLC) and also preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC). From the isolation results obtained pure isolates, purity test, measurement using UV and IR spectrophotometers, and antibacterial activity tests. From the results of UV and FTIR analysis, it was concluded that the compounds obtained were groups of phenol compounds, in the form of yellow solids and showed the existence of a double bond system conjugated in the presence of –OH, C = O, C = C and –CH aromatic groups. Antibacterial activity test showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Escherichia coli bacteria was 12.5% with a minimum kill concentration (MBC) of 50%, whereas for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 6.3% and minimum kill concentration (MBC) of 25%.

Salicylic acid is an anti-acne as well as keratolytic which is commonly given topically. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of salicylic acid in anti-acne creams circulating in traditional markets, supermarkets, and skin care in Bandung, and to compare the levels of salicylic acid in samples with the maximum salicylic acid content limit determined by the Center for Drug and Food Control (BPOM). Qualitative analysis using the thin layer chromatography (TLC) method with the toluene mobile phase: acetic acid (4: 1) and color test using FeCl3 reagent. While the quantitative analysis of salicylic acid in anti-acne cream using ethanol solvent and measured by a UV spectrophotometer. Method validation to prove that the method used has reached the requirement. Salicylic acid levels in sample G were 2.33%, C 1.54%, B 0.71%, R 0.85%, and I 0.82%. Samples C, B, R and standard sample set by BPOM which is no more than 2%. Sample G does not unqualified because the level is more than 2%.