Thought experiments, one of the most effective ways of acquiring knowledge, are an intellectual tools frequently used by scientists or thinkers in their fields of study. Thought experiments used to respond to scientific issues are considered scientific thought experiments, while thought experiments used for philosophical problems are called philosophical thought experiments. In this context, firstly, the differences between scientific and philosophical thought experiments are determined in the article. In particular, philosophical thought experiments are often needed in discussions within the field of epistemology. For this reason, in the rest of the study, the knowledge argument put forward against the idea of physicalism, which is one of the critical views in epistemology and which claims that the natural world is basically physical and that everything can be explained by physical laws is included. The knowledge argument briefly argues that there are non-physical properties and information that can only be discovered through conscious experience. Accordingly, it is argued that someone who has all physical knowledge about another consciousness may lack knowledge of what it would feel like to have subjective experiences of that entity such as qualia. Consequently, the main idea of the article is to reveal how an epistemological thesis such physicalism has been questioned by various philosophers in the context of philosophical thought experiments such as Mary’s room, ‘What is it like to be a Bat?’, The Martian and the Philosophical Zombie and how thought experiments has been used in this context.

The transformations of production relations have transformed and changed daily life practices. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Taylorism and Fordism were showed up as two practices aiming to determine production relations. Taylorism’s “Scientific Management” was a system that tried to control and manage workflows. Later on, Fordism replaced Taylorism. The characteristic of Fordism in the production process is the semi-automatic assembly lines system. This system has deepened the mechanization process of labour and turned workers into a part of the assembly lines system. Fordism has increased the intensity of labour that a single worker would do, made explicit the differentiation between hand and mental labour and altered scientific development to the detriment of workers. Thus, the production process that workers have been exposed to catches hold of workers in their out of work, free time, organizes their life and causes them to move in given boundaries. From the 1970s onwards, Fordism’s strict mode of production started to leave its place to a new mode of production, which is flexible in labour and mechanization and based on information and communication technologies, as a result of neo-liberal policies. Thus, rigidity and certainty leave their place to a more fluid and ambiguous life in everyday life. In this context, in this study, the footprints of the structures brought by Fordist and Post-Fordist production relations in Turkish films have been tried to be analyzed, and the criticism of these two production processes in Turkish cinema was discussed within the framework of sociological film criticism in the context of Germany, Bitter Home and Loser’s Club films, respectively.

Within environmental sociology, Catton and Dunlap, who has developed a new ecological paradigm by influencing Durkheim’s sociology, argue that a new ecological societal collective consciousness needs to be developed to overcome ecological crises. Based on the question of what would be the source of such ecologic collective consciousness, this article focuses on the possible driving force that could transform the societal lifestyle that is compatible with ecological balance. This article assumes that religious understandings and environmental ethic perspectives, ignored within the sub-discipline of the environmental sociology that studies reciprocal relationships and interactions between society and nature, can be the driving force for constructing new ecological consciousness, ecologic societal collective memory, and canalizing individuals toward environmental movements. Thus, it compares the deep ecology philosophy and Islam based on their approach to human-nature relations. It analyzes similarities and differences between deep ecology and Islamic environmental ethics based on specific themes. Based on our analysis, contrary to the limited effect of deep ecology, Islam’s driving force for providing solutions to ecological crises is essential for filling the gap in environmental sociology that tends to ignore religious and spiritual phenomena. Every Muslim who lives according to the verses of the Qur’an can carry out the duty of environmental protection. It can be said that a Muslim individual’s approach to ecological problems in line with the principles of the Qur’an can bring about a change in social behaviour, at least for countries where the majority of people are Muslims. As a result, it is argued Islam may be more effective in creating collective ecological consciousness than Deep Ecology.

On 27 May 1960, the first revolution in the history of the Republic took place. After this intervention, it took first place on the press’s agenda and remained on it long. The coup in question was discussed in the context of the humorous media and the press’s agenda. While the military coup was defended in cartoon themes, the founders of the Democratic Party and party leaders were criticised and tried. The press carried out their executions. The cartoons in the issues of Çuval Humour Newspaper before and after the military intervention were examined, and the differences between the subjects were tried to be seen. The attitude of the humour presses before and after 27 May, and their views on events were attempted to be interpreted through cartoons. In this context, while the cartoons on democracy, homeland, unemployment, economic situation, freedom of the press, election preparations, reactionaryism were intensely processed before 27 May; Topics such as the soldier and the army, execution and the gallows, national unity and the power of the press were among the most discussed topics on 27 May. While previewing the political events of the period and 27 May through the cartoons, the lines and imagery of the cartoons were also analysed. In the first part of the study, which was carried out with the archival research method, general information about humour and caricature was given, and in the second part, the legal regulations made regarding the press during the ten-year rule of the Democrat Party were included. In the third part, the analysis part, nine issues of the newspaper, which is the subject of the analysis, are discussed. In the relevant issues of the newspaper, humorous articles that are newsworthy, articles that the newspaper informs the reader and cartoons are examined. It has been tried to discuss how the Çuval Humour Newspaper, which is a political humour newspaper where political events are met with laughter on a social basis, reflects the issues it deals with cartoons.

Since the early ages, it has been an effective tool in many areas such as surveillance, powers, capitalism, the relationship between labour and capital, control of society, which has found its place in all areas of daily life. In this study, the historical development of surveillance and approaches to surveillance theory will be discussed, and Foucault’s conceptualization of the “disciplinary society” and the perspective used by the powers to discipline the society will be examined. Surveillance, which is used as a means of disciplining society, has been a phenomenon that exists in all areas of daily life, such as factories, schools, and hospitals. In particular, the supervision of workers is essential in terms of the concepts of power and power. The study will also focus on the types of surveillance, the effects of this oversight on the working life and workers will be investigated, and in the workplaces where all kinds of technical supervision are possible, what changes are made in the practices of doing work, supervising, and supervising workers and the importance of worker supervision will be discussed. Hidden customer inspections or applications are one indispensable application for many sectors today. Confidential customer applications, which companies prefer to measure customer satisfaction, service quality and performance, will be looked at in terms of the concept of surveillance. However, we do not mention one-to-one surveillance techniques today as, before modernity, one-to-one surveillance through humans is still available, as well as technological surveillance. In this context, it will be tried to explain the ways in which companies that technologically monitor workers discipline workers by using a human-oriented method such as the secret customer surveillance method.

The ageing experience occurs within worlds of meaning involving an ongoing negotiation between person and place. These worlds of meaning are catalysed by human activity, which we assume is purposeful if not consistently successful in achieving its intentions. The increasing number of older adults in today’s societies, especially in urban spaces, understand the difficulties affecting the elderly’s travel behaviour and social mobility. Social activities contribute to physical and psychological well-being at later ages through a number of particularly remarkable means. The development of health services and social services raises life expectancy in our country, leading to a rapid increase in the proportion of our elderly population to our general population. In this context, it is becoming more critical to address the multiple needs of the elderly population with a holistic approach. Many of the same characteristics that put older people at risk for disabling chronic conditions (e.g., being poor, 75 years and older, female, living alone because of widowhood, having less than a high school education) also increase the likelihood that their environments will be environmentally deficient. The health of the elderly depends on income, changes in social activities and support from family members. In aged care, the government or charities in modern societies provide the unique needs of older people. In this study, the phenomenon of old age, based on the reality of the rapidly ageing population of our country, is examined with its social, environmental, and psychological dynamics.