The proposed study offers an alternative to classical cotton fabrics scouring treatment. It is based on reagents and process utilization with low environmental impact. The experimental design studies the weightloss of cottonfabricduring enzymatic scouring in ultrasound media due to the variation of two independent factors at five levels: enzyme concentration weight over fiber(1, 1.3, 2, 2.7, and 3 %) and treatmenttime (15, 21, 35, 49 and 55 min.), using two complexing agents individually (EDTA or sodium citrate at 2g/L). The weightloss of cotton fabric (dependent variable) was expressed in the percentage from the initial weight. The polynomial equations obtained by multiple regression analysis indicate that the influence of the two factors on the studied intervals decreases in order: time>enzyme concentration when EDTA is used, and vice versa in the case of sodium citrate. In the studied intervals of the variables, the weightloss varies between 0.43-2.40 % in the EDTA version and 0.77-1.79 % in the sodium citrate version. Response surface graphics for the two variants of complexants show how much enzyme concentration and time can be reduced in the process to obtain a suitable scouring treatment. Analyzing the obtained results, we consider sodium citrate a viable alternative for bioscouring fromtechnological and environmental aspects.

his paper presents the characterization of native cellulose from the jute, hemp,and flax raw fibers by infrared evaluation of crystallinity ratio (Total Crystallinity Index and Lateral Order Index) and Hydrogen Bond Intensity.The results showed that cellulose from jute fiber has a higher degree of crystallinity while that of hemp fibers has a more ordered structure, with more cellulose chains in a highly organized form. In the flax fibers,the cellulose chains are composed of a larger number of amorphous domains. Hydrogen bond intensity values were influenced by both the ordered cellulose structure and the lignin content of the fibers.

The essential oil industry has grown over the last decade and is generating a lot of useful by-products with diverse industrial applications in food, cosmetics, textile, and more recently in phytosynthesis of metal nanoparticles.GC-MS analysis performed on the hydrolat identified 18 out of the 21 compounds detected, and the major terpenic classwas represented by oxygenated monoterpenes 92.63% (1-octen-3-ol, endo-borneol, carvacrol methyl ether, thymol, carvacrol).Obtaining quasi-spherical silver nanoparticles from hydrolat and 0.1 mM AgNO3solution was simple, effective,and non-toxic, yieldingstable nanoparticles withaverage particle size under 45 nm. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed a strong signal at 438 nm indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles and SEM-EDX analysis revealed thatelemental Ag was detectedand confirmed by a strong signal at 3 keV withmore than 91%silver.

Nowadays, the target of food industries is to produce low-calorie products safe for human health. We all know that yoghurt is a popular, flavorful,and healthy dairy product. Due to itshigh nutritive value,its production and consumption aregrowing continuously becauseof its therapeutic properties.To increase attractiveness, we added kiwano pulp in yoghurt, which isrich in antioxidants and vitamins. The nutritional composition of yoghurt and delicious kiwanofruits will lead to a product that will have health benefits and can be consumed by everybody, even by people who suffer from hypercholesterolemia.The sensory evaluation of kiwano yoghurt was performed using the 5-point method. Yoghurt was mixed with 15%fresh fruit pulp. We studied some characteristics: visual (appearance, colour,and consistency), flavour/aroma,and taste. The most appreciated characteristic was the taste.Over 80% of tasters accepted all the sensory characteristics of the analyzed product.

The essential oil obtained from Melaleuca alternifolia is widely used in complementary and alternative medicine due to its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungalactivity. The evaluation of the chemical composition of the essential oil available on the market is important especially when allergic potency is reported. The present study evaluated the chemical composition of seven tea treeessential oilsbygas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.All the analysed samples exhibited a terpinen-4-olchemotype.

The demand for natural food sources and food ingredients is increasing, and fish roes are known to present high levels of ?-3 fatty acids (FA). In this work, we used gas-chromatography and UV spectroscopy (GC-DAD) to characterize the FA profile of six different commercial fish roes. The increase of concentration of ?-3 FA is tarama < hering < pike < cod < salmon < lumpfish. Altogether, the fish roes are an important source of unsaturated fatty acids (minimum 26.62% for pike roe) and present a modest source of saturated fatty acids (less than 46.45% for pike roe). Overall, this study provides a preliminary screening of FA profiles between several commercial fish roes.