Intestinal worm infection caused by soil-transmitted helminthes that consists of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm, still can be found in population. soil-transmitted helminthes infection happens by contacting with soil that is infected by worm eggs, so the hand washing having have important role inspreading an infection. Purpose of the study to know relationship of association between soil-transmitted helminthes (STH) infection and hand washing habits in students of Taqwiyatul Wathon Islamic Elementary School. This research is analytic observational research with the approach of cross sectional, there are 92 samples of the students of Taqwiyatul Islamic Elementary School who had filled questionnaire . Analysis of data committed using statistics chi-square test with a level of signification 95 % and a ( 0.05 ). The results show 7 students (8%) were infected, and 85 students (92%) were not infected. Most infection was caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, and was found in 4 (4%). The Chi-Square Test showed there is significant difference between the habits handwashing with the number of soil-transmitted helminthes infection (p=0,018). There is a relationship between the habits handwashing with the number of soil-transmitted helminthes infection students of Taqwiyatul Wathon Islamic Elementary School.

Herbal medicine of kencur rice is a traditional drink that is still consumed by the community. The manufacturing process is still using manual and traditional equipment and the lack of attention to cleanliness has become one of the factors causing contamination of herbs with bacteria. Based on the Regulation of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number. HK.00.06.1.52.4011 of 2009 on Determination of Maximum Limit of Microbial and Chemical In Food Contamination, maximum limit of coliform bacteria contamination on herbal medicine is 20 MPN/ ml. The purpose of research is to know the contamination of Coliform bacteria and to identify Escherichia coli in herbs medicine kencur at Peterongan Market. Method of the research is a descriptive research with cross sectional approach. The number of samples are 4 herbs of kencur packet sold in Peterongan Market, and the inspection is done in duplo. The result of Coliform bacteria examination on the samples of herbal medicine of kencur 100% containing Coliform bacteria, and of the four samples, 75% samples were identified Escherichia coli, so herbs samples of kencur sold in the market Peterongan Semarang, contaminated by Coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli.

Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) yaitu nematoda usus yang ditularkan melalui tanah. Anak usia Sekolah Dasar (SD) memiliki risiko tinggi disebabkan beberapa faktor salah satunya yaitu tingkat higiene sanitasi pribadi yang rendah. Banyak diantara anak SD Negeri Bedug 03 memiliki kebiasaan tidak cuci tangan sebelum makan, tidak mencuci tangan dengan sabun setelah buang air besar, kebersihan kuku tangan tidak dikontrol, serta kebiasaan anak-anak bermain di tempat kotor dan tidak menggunakan alas kaki. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan higiene sanitasi dengan infeksi kecacingan pada anak SDN Bedug 03 Kecamatan Pangkah Kabupaten Tegal. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 96 anak. Sampel feses dikumpulkan dan dilakukan pemeriksaan dengan metode langsung secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yaitu kejadian infeksi telur cacing Soil Transmitted Helmints 14 anak (14,6%) positif telur cacing Ascaris lumbricoides, 1 anak (1,04%) positif ganda telur cacing Ascaris lumbricoides dan tambang, 1 anak (1,04%) positif telur cacing tambang, 1 anak (1,04%) positif telur cacing Trichuris trichiura dan 79 anak (82,3%) negatif. Perilaku Higiene Sanitasi pada anak SDN Bedug 03 yaitu 63 anak (65,6%) kategori baik dan 33 anak (34,4%) kategori buruk. Hasil Uji statistik ada hubungan bermakna antara Higiene Sanitasi dengan infeksi Kecacingan pada Anak SDN Bedug 03 Kecamatan Pangkah Kabupaten Tegal.

Herbal medicine of kencur rice is a traditional drink that is still consumed by the community. The manufacturing process is still using manual and traditional equipment and the lack of attention to cleanliness has become one of the factors causing contamination of herbs with bacteria. Based on the Regulation of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number. HK.00.06.1.52.4011 of 2009 on Determination of Maximum Limit of Microbial and Chemical In Food Contamination, maximum limit of coliform bacteria contamination on herbal medicine is 20 MPN/ ml. The purpose of research is to know the contamination of Coliform bacteria and to identify Escherichia coli in herbs medicine kencur at Peterongan Market. Method of the research is a descriptive research with cross sectional approach. The number of samples are 4 herbs of kencur packet sold in Peterongan Market, and the inspection is done in duplo. The result of Coliform bacteria examination on the samples of herbal medicine of kencur 100% containing Coliform bacteria, and of the four samples, 75% samples were identified Escherichia coli, so herbs samples of kencur sold in the market Peterongan Semarang, contaminated by Coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli.

The tofu industry in production process produces liquid waste causing pollution problems, so damaging the environment. Liquid waste tofu contains organic compounds causing high levels of Total Suspended Solid (TSS). Total Suspended Solid (TSS) that settles at the bottom of the river, will form a mud that can disrupt the flow of river water and cause siltation of the river causing siltation of the river. To know the difference of TSS content in Nguneng River water before and after contaminated with tofu waste. Analytical observational research with cross sectional approach. The samples used were Nguneng River water before and after contaminated with tofu waste, then examined TSS levels in duplo with five repetitions based on different days. Data analysis using Paired Sample T-Test with 95% confidence degree. The average TSS levels obtained in Nguneng River water before polluted tofu waste was 220.4 mg / l. The average TSS levels obtained in Nguneng River water after contaminated tofu liquid waste were 558.4 mg / l. Peired Samples T-Test test with 5% error rate and significance of 0 (p < 0.05). There is a difference of TSS content in Nguneng River water before and after contaminated with tofu liquid waste.

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by plasmodium parasites that are infected through the bite of anopheles female mosquito. Malaria has several stages such as tropozoites, schizonts and gametocytes stage. Plasmodium falciparum is the most dangerous species because of the potential to cause hyperparasitemia and complications. Banjarnegara is one of endemic areas. The cases of malaria in 2017 from January to October, the most common type of plasmodium found in community health care center Banjarmangu 1 district Banjarnegara is Plasmodium falciparum. Research method was observational study with descriptive research criteria. The result of this study from 24 blood samples examined were stadium with tropozoites stage amount 14 samples, stadium with tropozoit-schizonts stage of 3 samples and stadium with tropozoit-gametocytes stage of 7 samples. Levels of parasitemia was found 2 levels of parasitemia that is 0,02% and 0,2%. there were 3 stadium found that are tropozoit, tropozoit-schizonts and tropozoit-gametocytes. To level of parasitemia, there was no found hyperparasitemia of all the examined samples.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an infectious disease with a death rate and the number of disease incidence is high and requires the diagnosis and the therapy long enough. The success of the program depends on the PPIA socialization of HIV and Syphilis in pregnant women, as well as compliance checked her pregnancy during pregnancy for early detection of HIV and Syphilis that is useful for the treatment of early and proper while the results the examination showed reactive. The purpose of this research to know description of compliance inspection of PPIA (prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child) of pregnant women with HIV risk in public health II in Baturraden. The method is observational approach time crosssectional tests. Population in the study are all pregnant women and pregnant women throughout the research sample of trimester I, timester II, and trimester III who programme PPIA in public health II in Baturraden of this year in 2018 as many as 100 people. The research results obtained compliance examination of the PPIA pregnant women HIV risk i.e. age 35-44 in 76%; secondary education diploma 100%; and employment status of civil servant or the student as much as 100%. While 55% of disobedience at 15-24 years old; elementary school level 73%; and a housewife 59%. The higher the education, age, and occupation of a person then the PPIA program to carry out compliance higher.

Blood transfusions must go through of strict procedures to prevent transfusion reactions that can appeared. One procedure that must be do is the examination of ABO and Rhesus blood group. Ratio of antigens and antibodies play a role in the formation of agglutination. The more bonded antigens-antibodies, the larger, clearer, and stronger the agglutination will be. Analyzing the different of degree of agglutination of blood examination cell grouping method based on cell suspension concentration level. The type of research used is experimental research. The subjects of the study were 18 college students were grouped by blood group A, B and AB. Each cell specimen was treated to make cell suspension concentration of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. All examination result show degree of agglutination 4+. The cell suspension concentration of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in blood type A and B examination show the same data that’s degree of agglutination 4+ with clear background. The cell suspension concentration of 5 in blood type AB examination show degree of agglutination 4+ with clear background of 70%.

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between the findings of BTA suspect before and after the door knock program by cadres in 2017 based on the quality of sputum samples in the UPTD Kroya II Community Health Center. The type of research conducted was quantitative descriptive. Data analysis used a different test of Independent t-test (bivariate) with the help of SPSS 24. The results showed 226 suspect numbers of TB with BTA + findings before the program knocked on the door by cadres as much as 29.2%, after the program the number of suspects was 367 people with BTA + findings were 3.3%. This shows that there are differences in the findings of BTA suspect before and after the door knock program by cadres in 2017 based on the quality of sputum samples in the UPTD Kroya II Health Center.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common risk factors in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Pulmonary TB - DM is more severe and chronic than non-diabetic, which can lead to increased susceptibility to tuberculosis bacteria and longer treatment times. Purpose paper’s is knowing the picture of blood glucose in positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in UP3 Kebumen. The research conducted included descriptive research type. The population of this study were all pulmonary tuberculosis patients with positive smear in UP3 Kebumen in 2017. The sample used was 100 samples, 6 samples had blood glukosa levels = 200 mg / dl, and as many as 4 people blood glukosa levels between 150 - 199 mg / dl. And most have blood glukosa levels between 70 - 149 mg/dl. Pulmonary TB sufferers in UP3 Kebumen are only a few who suffer from Diabetes.

A true experimental research with pre-post test control group design was carried out using 36 adult experimental male rats (strain wistar Rattus norvegicus) ,aged 10 weeks with weight of 200-250 grams. Before being given the treatment, the rats blood were taken out around 1,5 cc to measure the MCV value and the erythrocyte morphology. The rats were divided into 6 groups. The first group was the control group and the other five were the treatment group which were treated with different concentration of alcohol continuously for 45 days. After being treated, the rats blood were taken as same as the investigator did previously to examine the MCV value and the erythrocyte morphology, included the removal of right femur to assess morphology and bone marrow normoblast diameter. Results of the study showed that there was increasing on MCV value after the treatment that was proportional to the alcohol concentration given (p 0.000<0.05), likewise the changing of erythrocyte morphology was in term of acanthocytes target cells, and stomatocyt . However, these research findings showed that there were no significant different in each group resulting of the treatment (p 0.817 > 0.05). Yet,there was an inclination of normoblast diameter. Finally, it can be concluded that consuming oral alcohol continuously increases the MCV value, changing of erythrocyte morphology and bone marrow normoblast.

Heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is one of the environmental contaminants harmful and accumulates in the tissues of living creatures. One example of an exposed kamium can ditemukann in smokers. Cadmium contained in cigarette smoke enters through the inhalation then the cadmium is transported in blood and excreted through urine. The levels of cadmium in the body which exceeds the Value of the Threshold can cause damage to the kidneys and liver.The purpose of this study was to determine the picture content of cadmium in the urine of active smokers. Methods this study is no Study of this descriptive type of case report. The sample used comes from the 12 research subjects who are willing to be taken a sample of her urine. The inspection method used is Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).The results of this study are from 12 samples of active smokers in RT 01/I Sendangguwo South results obtained for cadmium content <0,000185 mg/L below Threshold Limit Values.Conclusion this study is an overview of the levels of cadmium in the urine on the whole subject of research under the Threshold Value.

Fixation is used to maintain tissue structure in its original form “life-like state” and can protect proteins and tissue components from degeneration. The solution commonly used is 10% NBF. Formaldehyde is chemical substance that is toxic and not environmentally friendly, several studies have shown alternative substitutes fixation, one of which is the honey solution. The study of Mohammed et al (2020) fixated tissue with honey 10% and 20% shown good coloring properties and similar clarity to fixated with formalin 10%. Honey has acidic and dehydrating properties allow most microorganisms to be killed so that tissues will last for a long time. The research objective is to findout the description of microscopic of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue which were fixation using 10% honey solution for 24 hours. The research is included in qualitative descriptive research. The research design used was a non-eksperimental with a purposive sampling study approach. The sample used was 32 preparation with total of microscopic overview is 160. Microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed using 10% honey solution for 24 hours in 80 visual fields were 12.5% of the preparations is not good and 87.5% is good preparations. The microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed using 10% NBF is better than of the microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed with 10% honey for 24 hours.